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mink with aleutian disease have autoantibodies to some autoantigens.thirty mink infected with aleutian disease virus (adv) were found to have elevated levels of antibody to double-stranded dna (dsdna) in their sera when compared to 30 healthy mink. the anti-dsdna antibody levels in the diseased mink were, however, not found to correlate with the total amount of immunoglobulin. this was a common observation for all autoantibodies tested. the concentration of rheumatoid factors of igg class, but not those of igm class, was found to be significantly higher in the d ...19892617848
[restriction analysis of the dna of aleutian mink disease virus strain p-1].the ii-1 strain of the aleutian disease virus (adv-ii-1) was isolated from experimentally infected mink organs. the viral particles were isolated having 23 to 24 nm in diameter with the buoyant density of the virions in cscl gradient being 1.41 g.ml-1. the single stranded adv dna extracted from the purified virus particles had the molecular mass about 1.4 . 10(6) (4800 bases). the double-stranded replicative form of adv dna has been synthesized in vitro with the use of a large "klenow" fragment ...19892561377
analysis of parvovirus infections using strand-specific hybridization probes.the autonomous parvoviruses cause a broad spectrum of acute and chronic infections of animals and man. the discrimination of sites of viral replication from sites of viral sequestration is an important goal in elucidating the pathogenesis of these diseases. it is possible to employ strand-specific rna hybridization probes in such analyses because a 'plus' sense probe will react with single stranded virion dna and duplex replicative form dna, but a 'minus' sense probe will react preferentially wi ...19892554612
a novel replicative form dna of aleutian disease virus: the covalently closed linear dna of the parvoviruses.the analysis of replicative form (rf) dna of aleutian disease virus (adv) by alkaline gel electrophoresis revealed that all rf dna species segregate into dna single strands which represent integral multiples of a genome equivalent. this demonstrates that as with other autonomous parvoviruses, the virion and complementary dna strands are frequently linked by hairpin structures and that also, nicks are present at subterminal sites. approximately 50% of the 5'-terminal hairpins contain a subtermina ...19892543770
passive transfer of antiviral antibodies restricts replication of aleutian mink disease parvovirus in vivo.when mink kits were infected neonatally with a highly virulent strain of aleutian disease virus (adv), 100% of both aleutian and non-aleutian genotype mink died of interstitial pneumonia characterized by permissive adv infection of alveolar type ii cells. treatment of infected kits with either mink anti-adv gamma globulin or mouse monoclonal antibodies against adv structural proteins reduced mortality by 50 to 75% and drastically reduced the severity of clinical signs. interestingly, mink kits t ...19892535756
treatment of neonatally aleutian disease virus (adv) infected mink kits with gammaglobulin containing antibodies to adv reduces the death rate of mink kits. 19882476006
apparent lack of neutralizing antibodies in aleutian disease is due to masking of antigenic sites by phospholipids.it is generally accepted that aleutian disease virus (adv) cannot be neutralized by antibodies either in vivo or in vitro. we found several ways to demonstrate neutralization of adv by specific antibodies from mink. it was essential to make adv monodisperse by treatment with sodium lauroyl sarkosyl or n-butanol or by filtration through 0.05-micron membranes before neutralization tests. in kinetic experiments, there was a 95% loss of virus infectivity within the first 5 min of reaction, but a res ...19872437696
epitopic mapping of structural and nonstructural aleutian disease virus proteins.common antigenic properties for p85 and p75 but a different antigenic character for p71 aleutian disease virus (adv) proteins were demonstrated by western blot analysis with monoclonal antibodies. it was shown that four hybridomas (adv-hy 47, 66, 77 and 84) with specific reactivity for structural proteins p85 and p75 also recognized p25 but not the p71, nonstructural, protein. in turn, the monoclonal antibody adv-hy 2 recognized the p71 protein only. for further studies of their antigenic proper ...19862437069
restricted viral antibody specificity in many ferrets infected with the ferret aleutian disease parvovirus. brief report.the majority of ferrets infected with a ferret strain of aleutian disease virus (adv) produce antibody only to a detergent-sensitive common determinant on the two closely related virion proteins. ferrets with high antibody titers and mink infected with this virus also produce antibody to one or more virion immunogenic determinants unaffected by detergent.19872434063
mink parvoviruses and interferons: in vitro studies.although interferons can inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, little is known about their ability to inhibit parvovirus replication. therefore, in vitro experiments were done to determine if aleutian disease virus and mink enteritis virus, two autonomously replicating mink parvoviruses, induced interferon, were sensitive to the effects of interferon, or inhibited the production of interferon. the results indicated that these parvoviruses neither induced nor were sensitive to the effec ...19862431162
interferon response in normal and aleutian disease virus-infected mink.studies were done to determine whether differences in interferon production are responsible for the resistance of pastel mink to aleutian disease. the abilities of normal pastel and sapphire mink to produce interferon when inoculated with either newcastle disease virus or a synthetic polyribonucleotide, poly (i):poly (c), were identical, even to the production of a novel, acid-labile interferon. the resistance of pastel mink to aleutian disease did not correlate with interferon production, becau ...19862426469
violet mink develop an acute disease after experimental infection with aleutian disease virus (adv) isolate adv sl3.six-aleutian (aa)-genotype violet mink were infected intraperitoneally with the aleutian disease virus (adv) bone marrow derived isolate adv sl3. all animals developed virus-specific antibodies and hypergammaglobulinaemia. mortality during the fourteen week duration of the infection was 50%. the virus induced (histo)pathological lesions typical for aleutian disease. by immunohistochemical examination using a virus capsid-specific monoclonal antibody viral antigen was detected in lymph nodes, spl ...19902163578
nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal palindrome of aleutian mink disease parvovirus and construction of an infectious molecular clone.the 5'-terminal palindrome of the adv-g strain of aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) was molecularly cloned and sequenced. a full-length molecular clone of adv-g, denoted pxvb, was then constructed. when this clone was transfected into cell cultures, infectious adv could be rescued. virus derived from pxvb was nonpathogenic for adult mink, as is the parent adv-g strain.19902161958
pathogenesis of disease caused by aleutian mink disease parvovirus.a review of the pathogenesis of aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) infection based on recent knowledge gained by the author and collaborators is given. the review focuses mainly on the following topics. 1) development of an easy, sensitive and fast assay for detection of adv antigens and antibodies directed against these antigens. a highly sensitive rocket line immunoelectrophoretic assay (rlie) was developed. this assay turned out to be 32 times more sensitive than the counter current elect ...19902159766
analysis of experimental mink enteritis virus infection in mink: in situ hybridization, serology, and histopathology.strand-specific hybridization probes were used in in situ hybridization studies to localize cells containing mink enteritis virus (mev) virion dna or mev replicative-form dna and mrna. following the experimental mev infection of 3-month-old unvaccinated mink, a significant increase in serum antibodies to mev was detected at postinfection day (pid) 6, 2 days after the onset of fecal shedding of virus. prior to the appearance of virus in feces, viral dna could be detected in the mesenteric lymph n ...19902159543
proteins of viral and cellular origin bind to the aleutian disease virus (adv) dna 3'-terminal hairpin: presentation of a scheme for encapsidation of adv dna.we have observed the binding of viral and cellular proteins to the aleutian disease virus (adv) 3' terminus of replicative-form dna. gel retardation assays showed specific band shifts produced by whole-cell extracts from either adv-infected or uninfected cells, as well as band reduction produced by adv capsids. in all cases, binding was confined to the turnaround, t-shaped terminal form; no binding to the extended conformation of replicative-form dna was detected. this indicates the importance o ...19902157046
the monomer covalently closed linear replicative form dna is an intermediate of aleutian disease parvovirus dna replication.in this report we present data indicating that the recently detected monomer covalently closed linear replicative form dna (mccl rf dna) is an intermediate of aleutian disease virus (adv) dna replication. this dna molecule is characterized by covalently closed terminal hairpins on either end of the linear ds genomic molecule. its first detection early after infection in vitro, the association with adv-specific replication complexes and the de novo synthesis of mccl rf dna by isolated replication ...19902155994
mechanisms contributing to the virus persistence in aleutian disease.in this review published results and further studies concerning the persistence of aleutian disease virus (adv) isolate sl3 are presented. by southern blot and in situ hybridization with strand-specific rna probes focal replication of adv-dna was demonstrated in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, sporadically in mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. these findings further support the concept of the lymphotropism of adv. all cell culture-adapted adv strains appear to have ...19902155772
simultaneous identification of viral proteins and nucleic acids in cells infected with aleutian mink disease parvovirus.a method combining in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize cells infected with aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv). single-stranded rna hybridization probes specific for obligate replicative intermediates and antisera specific for virion or non-structural proteins were employed. crandell feline kidney cells in which the adv-g strain of adv was permissively replicating contained virion and non-structural proteins, large amounts of single stranded virion dna, dup ...19901965846
[activation of expression of two immunoglobulin sn-genes in the american mink with aleutian disease].110 ranch-raised minks were injected with the aleutian disease virus. allotypes of constant regions of gamma-heavy chains of the mink immunoglobulins secreted have been analysed during 3 months. activation of the expression of two markers (h3 and/or h4) up to minor or to nominal level (above 200 micrograms/ml) was observed. no such enhancement of expression of two other allotypes (h6 and h8) was found. the results suggest that the expression of two mink immunoglobulin ch genes induced by viral i ...19911916255
replication of aleutian mink disease parvovirus in lymphoid tissues of adult mink: involvement of follicular dendritic cells and macrophages.by using strand-specific in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, evidence for replication of the aleutian mink disease parvovirus was observed in cells resembling macrophages and cells resembling follicular dendritic cells at 10 days after infection but only in macrophages at 60 days. sequestration of the aleutian mink disease parvovirus in larger numbers of macrophages and follicular dendritic cells was noted at both 10 and 60 days.19911846208
genetic polymorphism of igg in the mink. 7. expression of the c gamma-allotypes in domestic mink infected with the aleutian disease virus.the aleutian disease (ad), i.e., viral plasmocytosis in mink can be used as a model of the natural development of immune complex pathology in man. the immunogenetic aspect of ad was studied with the help of genetic markers of the constant region of the mink immunoglobulin gamma-heavy chain (the c gamma allotypes h2, h3, h4, h6, h7 and h8). the frequencies of 2 of the 6 allotypes, h3 and h4, were significantly higher in the ad-infected than in normal minks from the same population. this supports ...19911789990
investigation of mink mhc (mhcmuvi) class i molecules by isoelectric focusing (ief).mink (mustela vision) class i leucocyte antigens, here abbreviated mhcmuvi according to the proposal given by klein et al. (1990), were characterized by isoelectric focusing (ief), using triton x-114-extracted and neuraminidase-treated membrane proteins from spleen cells, followed by immunoblotting and development with a murine monoclonal antibody raised against denatured major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i antigens. muvi class i antigens were investigated in a group of 97 danish mink ...19911681893
virus-specific b-lymphocytes are probably the primary targets for aleutian disease virus.368 1- to 5-year-old mink of wild-type or black genetic background were infected with aleutian disease virus (adv) naturally or using virus-containing immune complexes or purified virus. thirty of the mink were immunized with dinitrophenol-conjugated ovalbumin (dnp-oa) before and during infection. blood samples were taken at monthly intervals. we found that weak (and transient) monoclonal or oligoclonal immunoglobulin components were present in the plasma or serum approximately 1 month after inf ...19911651029
nucleotide sequence analysis of aleutian mink disease parvovirus shows that multiple virus types are present in infected mink.different isolates of aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) were cloned and nucleotide sequenced. analysis of individual clones from two in vivo-derived isolates of high virulence indicated that more than one type of adv dna were present in each of these isolates. analysis of several clones from two preparations of a cell culture-adapted isolate of low virulence showed the presence of only one type of adv dna. we also describe the nucleotide sequence from map units 44 to 88 of a new type of adv ...19911649336
screening for antibodies against aleutian disease virus (adv) in mink. elucidation of dubious results by additive counterimmunoelectrophoresis.in order to distinguish true positive results in counterimmunoelectrophoresis from false positive ones an additive counterimmunoelectrophoresis was developed. the method was tested on selected mink serum samples as part of a routine testing for antibodies towards aleutian disease virus on 3 million blood samples. the procedure of the method is, that a known positive serum sample is mixed with the patient serum to be tested. the result from a false positive sample will be one precipitin line towa ...19921335756
identification of aleutian mink disease parvovirus transcripts in macrophages of infected adult mink.we examined aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) mrna expression in lymph nodes of adult mink infected with adv by northern (rna) blot and in situ hybridization. in northern blot analysis, adv transcripts were detected in the poly(a) rna fraction extracted from mesenteric lymph nodes of two of five mink 10 days after intraperitoneal inoculation with the virulent utah i strain of adv. in strand-specific in situ hybridization, adv dna and mrna were detected in some macrophagelike cells located i ...19921323697
expression of aleutian mink disease parvovirus capsid proteins by a recombinant vaccinia virus: self-assembly of capsid proteins into particles.a portion of a cdna clone containing coding sequences for both structural proteins (vp1 and vp2) of aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) was inserted into recombinant vaccinia viruses, vv:adsp. immunohistochemical staining of vv:adsp-infected cells revealed that the adv antigen was readily detected and localized in the nuclei of infected cells. analysis of vv:adsp-infected cell lystates indicated that both vp1 and vp2 were produced and comigrated with authentic vp1 and vp2 from adv-infected cr ...19921313919
follicular dendritic cell-b cell interactions in virus disease. common localization but different cell damage caused by antibody immobilized virus?follicular dendritic cells (fdc) are involved in the trapping and retention of antigen-antibody complexes in lymphoid follicles. this fdc immobilized antigen is thought to be involved in the generation of memory b-lymphocytes. follicular trapping of both aleutian disease virus and hiv particles has been demonstrated. however as far as known their affects on fdc and follicular b-cells are completely different. it is hypothesized that the trapping of (antibody-complexed) virus particles by the fdc ...19921309642
topographical analysis of the g virion of aleutian mink disease parvovirus with monoclonal antibodies.the topography of the aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) g virion was analyzed with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antiserum. there was homology between the two major structural proteins as others have previously reported. trypsin treatment of the virion with subsequent immunoblotting revealed that vp2 represents the main peptide on the exterior of virion and that vp1 is probably embedded within the capsid. additional analyses of the trypsin-treated virions showed that vp2 is responsib ...19921280944
aleutian disease of mink: production of 14c-labeled antiviral antibodies by mink lymphoid cells in vitro.lymphoid cells from mink infected with aleutian disease virus produced labeled, specific antiviral antibody when incubated in medium containing [14c]tyrosine.19761248874
lymphocyte abnormalities in aleutian disease virus infection of mink: decreased t lymphocyte responses and increased b lymphocyte levels in persistent viral infection.persistence of virus and a marked hypergammaglobulinemia are consistent features observed in mink with aleutian disease virus infection. these events may result from altered lymphocyte function in infected mink. to test this possibility we determined the ability of lymphocytes from infected mink to respond to phytolectins (pha and con a), and a specific antigen (klh) in a lymphocyte transformation test and quantitated the number of lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulin. infected mink had a ...19751097504
in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin and anti-viral antibody in aleutian disease viral infection of mink.lymphoid cells from aleutian disease virus (adv)-infected and noninfected mink were cultured in vitro and the synthesis of ig m, igg, and viral-specific antibody measured. compared to noninfected mink, lymph node cells from mink with aleutian disease (ad) contained a higher percentage of plasma cells and immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes, synthesized significantly more igg, and produced detectable quantities of adv-specific antibody. no significant difference in igm synthesis was observed.1976993592
purification and ultrastructure of aleutian disease virus of mink. 1975804146
pathogenesis of aleutian disease of mink: identification of nonpersistent infections.aleutian disease virus usually produces a persistent infection and progressive immune comples disease in mink of the aleutian genotype. study of aleutian disease virus infection in non-aleutian mink showed that about one-quarter developed nonpersistent infections by the virus, and that the nonpersistence was not genetically determined by the host. the nonpersistently infected mink developed only a transient elevation of serum gamma globulin, and much lower specific aleutian disease virus antibod ...1975803925
[pathogenesis of aleutian mink disease. vii. chronic hepatitis with bile duct proliferation].aleutian disease is a chronic persistent viral infection of mink characterized by hypergammaglobulinema, generalized plasmacytosis, sclerosing glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis, and plasma cell hepatitis with bile duct proliferation. the development of hepatic lesions was studied both light- and electron-microscopically in mink experimentally infected with aleutian disease virus. fifteen normal and 99 mink experimentally infected with aleutian disease virus were used. experimental mink were kill ...1975242113
multiple myeloma in a mink handler following exposure to aleutian disease.aleutian disease of mink is a viral illness characterized by systemic plasmocytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia. some affected mink develop a monoclonal gammaglobulin spike and bence-jones proteinuria. a case of multiple myeloma in a mink handler with a 15-year history of exposure to aleutian mink is presented. previously reported cases of possible aleutian disease (ad) in man are discussed and the pathogenesis of ad reviewed. aleutian disease virus (adv) may produce asymptomatic infection in exp ...1979222431
protides of the mustelidae: immunoresponse of mustelids to aleutian mink disease virus.members of north american mustelidae were tested for their response to inoculation with 10(6) infective doses of aleutian disease virus. in subfamily mustelinae, 3 species in the genus mustela (m vision, m erminea, and m putorius) and 2 species in genus martes (ma pennanti and ma americana) responded immunologically with some features resembling aleutian disease in mink. in subfamily mephitinae, only mephitis mephitis responded, and others of the subfamily did not, nor did members of subfamilies ...1978208431
characteristics of inapparent aleutian disease virus infection in mink.inapparent of nonprogressive aleutian disease virus (adv) infection is a subclinical but persistent virus infection of mink. mink with the inapparent type of adv infection when subjected to stress did not develop the progessive form of the disease. however, when challenged with a large dose of the virus, these mink did develop progressive aleutian disease indicating that they were not highly resistant to the virus. sera of mink with either the progressive of the inapparent type of adv infection ...1978206934
transmission of aleutian disease from mink with inapparent infections.in apparent or nonprogressive aleutian disease virus infection was considered a subclinical but persistent viral infection in which infected mink did not develop tissue lesions, hypergammaglobulinemia, or high antibody titers. transmission of aleutian disease virus from mink with this type of infection was measured. mink with inapparent aleutian disease appeared healthy and had normal gamma-globulin values, but were capable of transmitting the disease by direct and indirect horizontal contact. t ...1978204235
eradication of aleutian disease of mink by eliminating positive counterimmunoelectrophoresis test reactors.the counterimmunoelectrophorsis test was applied on three aleutian disease virus-infected mink ranches for the detection of specific aleutian disease virus antibody. all mink on the ranches were tested during the pelting season and before the breeding season for 4 consecutive years. aleutian disease has been eliminated from the three commercial mink ranches by culling out all mink that were positive for aleutian disease virus antibody.1978203601
properties of aleutian disease virus assayed with feline kidney cells.properties of aleutian disease virus (adv) were studied using feline kidney cells, line crfk, to assay virus by the induction of nuclear antigen. adv nuclear antigen was detected by immunofluorescent staining. titers of virus obtained from mink spleens at 10-8 days after infection were usually between 10(3) and 10(5) infectious units per gram of spleen. adv was purified by fluorocarbon extraction, differential centrifugation, biogel a-15 chromatography and cscl equilibrium centrifugation. the mo ...1977202229
detection of inapparent aleutian disease virus infection in mink.the normal serum gamma-globulin centration of mink from the ontario veterinary college field station was 13.2 +/- 2.6% of total serum proteins. mink serum gamma-globulin concentrations above 21%, which represented 3 standard deviations above the normal mean, were considered to be hypergammaglobulinemic. about 39% of pastel mink infected naturally with aleutin disease virus (adv) exhibited an inapparent or nonprogressive infection. these nonprogressivley infected mink had serum gamma-globulin val ...1977201189
detection and localization of aleutian disease virus and its antigens in vivo by immunoferritin technique.tissues from mink infected with aleutian disease virus were examined by the electron microscope for the presence of virus particles. virus-like particles, measuring 22 nm in diameter, were observed in macrophages of spleen, mesenteric lymph node and in kupffer cells in liver of mink ten to 13 days after infection. the virus-like particles were usually present in vacuoles inside the cytoplasm of macrophages and kupffer cells and, occasionally, similar particles were observed inside the nucleus. c ...1977200318
characterization of the protein and nucleic acid of aleutian disease virus.aleutian disease virus (adv) was extracted and purified from infected mink. nucleic acid extracted from the virus was examined in an electron microscope. three different sizes of molecule, with approximate lengths of 1.2, 0.55, and 0.25 micron, were observed. the ratios of the large molecules to the small molecules were similar in all the particles prepared under different conditions. equilibrium cscl density gradient centrifugation showed that adv nucleic acid had a buoyant density of 1.733 g/c ...1977196113
demonstration of heavy and light density populations of aleutian disease virus.a highly purified and concentrated suspension of aleutian disease virus was prepared from large quantities of early infected mink tissues using repeated fluorocarbon extraction procedures. equilibrium centrifugation of the aleutian disease virus preparation in a cesium chloride gradient yielded three distinct bands at buoyant densities of 1.295, 1.332, and 1.405--1.416 g/cm(3). electron microscopic observations of these three bands revealed mainly empty particles in the first band. in the second ...1977193625
isolation of aleutian disease virus of mink in cell culture.aleutian disease virus, the causative agent of a persistent infection in mink, was isolated in a continuous line of feline renal cells when the cultures were maintained at reduced temperature (31.8 degrees). after serial in vitro passage of the virus at this temperature it had an optimum replication temperature of 37 degrees. an immunofluorescence focus assay was found to be suitable for virus quantitation. the cultured virus reproduced aleutian disease in mink, and the virus could be reisolated ...1977192696
expression of aleutian mink disease antigen in cell culture.infection of crfk feline kidney cells with aleutian disease vurus leads to production of virus-induced antigen(s) in the nucleus which could be demonstrated by the fluorescent-antibody technique. the number of fluorescent nuclei was lineraly dependent on the dilution of the inoculum, but rarely exceeded 20% of the cells. aleutian disease nuclear antigen was only transiently detectable. the virus-induced antigen was detected after infection of cells of several divergent species; however, the crfk ...1977188765
purification and structure of aleutian disease virus. 1976182559
characterization of aleutian mink disease virus. 1975166493
reduced severity of lesions in mink infected transplacentally with aleutian disease virus.inoculation of mink late in the second trimester of pregnancy with aleutian disease virus (adv) produces a persistent infection in the offspring. when these mink were analyzed at 83 days of age and compared with adolescent mink infected for a similar length of time, the transplacentally infected mink show: 1) a marked reduction in plasmacytosis, immunoglobulin level and specific adv antibody; 2) increased amounts of infectious adv and numbers of cells containing viral antigen; 3) a marked reduct ...197770474
the influence of genotype on the development of glomerular lesions in mink with aleutian disease virus.in an attempt to document progression rate differences in the development of glomerular lesions in mink infected with aleutian disease virus (adv), the glomeruli of aleutian and non-aleutian mink experimentally infected with adv were evaluated by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. the animals were also examined for the presence of interstitial infiltrate, neutrophils, and arterial lesions. one hundred percent of the aleutian mink had glomerular cell proliferation and interstitial infil ...197553016
aleutian disease of mink: the antibody response of sapphire and pastel mink to aleutian disease virus.the specific antiviral antibody response of sapphire and pastel mink to pullman strain of adv has been examined. sapphire mink inoculated with from 300,000-3 ld50 developed high levels of specific antibody and ad. pastel mink inoculated with parallel doses of adv also produced antibody but did not develop ad. the low incidence of ad in pastel mink inoculated with pullman strain of adv is probably related to factors other than antiviral antibody.197551871
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