Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| effects of vaccination with the c-strain vaccine on immune cells and cytokines of pigs against classical swine fever virus. | the attenuated c-strain vaccine against classical swine fever virus (csfv) is one of the safest and most effective attenuated vaccines. however, little is known of the host immune response after vaccination with the c-strain vaccine. blood samples from vaccinated pigs were collected to evaluate the number of immune cells, the level of specific csfv antibody, and related cytokines induced by the vaccination of c-strain vaccine. the c-strain nucleic acid was gradually removed and specific antibody ... | 2017 | 28514189 |
| selection of differently temporally regulated african swine fever virus promoters with variable expression activities and their application for transient and recombinant virus mediated gene expression. | african swine fever virus threatens pig production worldwide due to the lack of vaccines, for which generation of both deletion and insertion mutants is considered. for development of the latter, operational asfv promoters of different temporal regulation and strengths are desirable. we therefore compared the capacities of putative promoter sequences from p72, cd2v, p30, viral dna polymerase and u104l genes to mediate expression of luciferase from transfected plasmids after activation in trans, ... | 2017 | 28502836 |
| surface displaying of swine igg1 fc enhances baculovirus-vectored vaccine efficacy by facilitating viral complement escape and mammalian cell transduction. | baculovirus-mediated gene transfer has been developed as a vaccine design strategy against a number of diseases without apparent viral replication. however, it has been hampered by complement-dependent inactivation, thus hindering the in vivo application of baculovirus. a variety of approaches have been exploited to bypass the complement system in the serum. in this study, we constructed and screened a series of baculovirus vectors displaying complement interfering factors, of which a baculoviru ... | 2017 | 28499403 |
| serum metabolomic profiling of piglets infected with virulent classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious swine infectious disease and causes significant economic losses for the pig industry worldwide. the objective of this study was to determine whether small molecule metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis of csf. birefly, serum metabolomics of csfv shimen strain-infected piglets were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc/esi-q-tof/ms) in combination with multivariate s ... | 2017 | 28496435 |
| comparative phenotypic and functional analyses of the effects of autologous plasma and recombinant human macrophage-colony stimulating factor (m-csf) on porcine monocyte to macrophage differentiation. | porcine monocyte-derived macrophages (momφ) have been employed as a model cell in numerous studies of the porcine immune system. however, the lack of a standardized method for momφ differentiation hampers the comparison of results coming from the use of different laboratory protocols. in this study we compared the use of varying concentrations of autologous plasma (10, 20 and 30% v/v) or recombinant human macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hm-csf; 50, 100, and 200ng/ml) to differentiate porci ... | 2017 | 28494933 |
| hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in acute african swine fever clinic. | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) usually has been defined as the combination of a proliferation of cytologically benign, actively phagocytic macrophages in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, etc. in association with fever, cytopenia, splenomegaly, and hypertriglyceridemia. hlh is often triggered by viral infection. the aim of this study was to ascertain the features of hlh involvement in african swine fever virus (asfv) (genotype ii) pathogenesis. | 2017 | 28494931 |
| african swine fever virus: a review. | african swine fever (asf) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine which causes high mortality, approaching 100%, in domestic pigs. asf is caused by a large, double stranded dna virus, asf virus (asfv), which replicates predominantly in the cytoplasm of macrophages and is the only member of the asfarviridae family, genus asfivirus. the natural hosts of this virus include wild suids and arthropod vectors of the ornithodoros genus. the infection of asfv in its reservoir hosts is usually asymp ... | 2017 | 28489063 |
| adenovirus-vectored novel african swine fever virus antigens elicit robust immune responses in swine. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a high-consequence transboundary animal pathogen that often causes hemorrhagic disease in swine with a case fatality rate close to 100%. lack of treatment or vaccine for the disease makes it imperative that safe and efficacious vaccines are developed to safeguard the swine industry. in this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of seven adenovirus-vectored novel asfv antigens, namely a151r, b119l, b602l, ep402rδprr, b438l, k205r and a104r. immunization of com ... | 2017 | 28481911 |
| detection of border disease virus in mexican cattle. | the genus pestivirus within flaviviridae is comprised of four recognized species, namely, bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). bdv, while primarily infecting sheep and goats, has also been reported in cattle and wild animals. infections of sheep and goats result in economic loss due to abortions and the birth of persistently infected animals that have poor production and reduced life e ... | 2017 | 28474402 |
| metabolic profiles in cell lines infected with classical swine fever virus. | viruses require energy and biosynthetic precursors from host cells for replication. an understanding of the metabolic interplay between classical swine fever virus (csfv) and host cells is important for exploring the complex pathological mechanisms of classical swine fever (csf). in the current study, and for the first time, we utilized an approach involving gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms) to examine the metabolic profiles within pk-15 and 3d4/2 cells infected with csfv ... | 2017 | 28473819 |
| phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus from archival formalin fixed clinical tissues reveals vietnamese origin of the isolates. | detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) nucleic acid in archival formalin fixed tissue samples and their use for phylogenetic analysis was investigated. ten samples were examined for the presence of csfv nucleic acid by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification of 5'utr and e2 gene. rt-pcr was found positive for 5'utr fragment in eight samples while only one tissue samples showed amplification for e2 gene target fragment. for molecular epidemiology of the dis ... | 2017 | 28466064 |
| pig traders' networks on the kenya-uganda border highlight potential for mitigation of african swine fever virus transmission and improved asf disease risk management. | we applied social network analysis to pig trader networks on the kenya-uganda border. social network analysis is a recently developed tool, which is useful for understanding value chains and improving disease control policies. we interviewed a sample of 33 traders about their experiences with trade and african swine fever (asf), analyzed the networks they generated in purchasing pigs and selling pork and their potential contribution to modulating dissemination of the asf virus (asfv). the majori ... | 2017 | 28460754 |
| csfv induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to inhibit apoptosis. | classical swine fever virus (csfv), which causes typical clinical characteristics in piglets, including hemorrhagic syndrome and immunosuppression, is linked to hepatitis c and dengue virus. oxidative stress and a reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential are disturbed in csfv-infected cells. the balance of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for cellular homeostasis. in this study, we offer the first evidence that csfv induces mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to inhibit host cell apoptos ... | 2017 | 28455958 |
| pacmanvirus, a new giant icosahedral virus at the crossroads between asfarviridae and faustoviruses. | african swine fever virus, a double-stranded dna virus that infects pigs, is the only known member of the asfarviridae family. nevertheless, during our isolation and sequencing of the complete genome of faustovirus, followed by the description of kaumoebavirus, carried out over the past 2 years, we observed the emergence of previously unknown related viruses within this group of viruses. here we describe the isolation of pacmanvirus, a fourth member in this group, which is capable of infecting a ... | 2017 | 28446673 |
| development of a fluorescent asfv strain that retains the ability to cause disease in swine. | african swine fever is a contagious and often lethal disease for domestic pigs with a significant economic impact for the swine industry. the etiological agent, african swine fever virus (asfv), is a highly structurally complex double stranded dna virus. no effective vaccines or antiviral treatment are currently commercially available. we present here the development of a strain of asfv that has been shown to retain its ability to cause disease in swine, efficiently replicate in swine macrophage ... | 2017 | 28436458 |
| development of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus virus type ii (pcv2) is the etiology of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), porcine dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome (pdns), and necrotizing pneumonia. rapid diagnosis tool for detection of pcv2 plays an important role in the disease control and eradication program. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays using a real-time fluorescent detection (pcv2 real-time rpa assay) and rpa combined with lateral flow dipstick (pcv2 rpa lfd assay) were developed ta ... | 2017 | 28424790 |
| a novel viewrna in situ hybridization method for the detection of the dynamic distribution of classical swine fever virus rna in pk15 cells. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious fatal infectious disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). a better understanding of csfv replication is important for the study of pathogenic mechanism of csf. with the development of novel rna in situ hybridization method, quantitatively localization and visualization of the virus rna molecular in cultured cell or tissue section becomes very important tool to address these pivotal pathogenic questions. in this study, we established ... | 2017 | 28420390 |
| comparative characterization analysis of synonymous codon usage bias in classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is responsible for the highly contagious viral disease of swine, and causes great economic loss in the swine-raising industry. considering the significance of csfv, a systemic analysis was performed to study its codon usage patterns. in this study, using the complete genome sequences of 76 csfv representing three genotypes, we firstly analyzed the relative nucleotide composition, effective number of codon (enc) and synonymous codon usage in csfv genomes. the re ... | 2017 | 28416383 |
| complete genome sequence of classical swine fever virus isolated near the demilitarized zone in the republic of korea. | the yc16cs (genotype 2.1) strain of classical swine fever virus, isolated from infected pigs in yeoncheon province, republic of korea, near the demilitarized zone, has a high identity with the pc11wb strain of the virus. this is significant in that it is the first case of transmission from wild boars to breed pigs revealed by an epidemiological investigation. | 2017 | 28385854 |
| complete genome sequence of a sub-subgenotype 2.1i isolate of classical swine fever virus from china. | the complete genome sequence of a sub-subgenotype 2.1i isolate of classical swine fever virus (csfv), gd317/2011, was determined. notably, gd317/2011 is distant from the sub-subgenotype 2.1b isolate hebz at genes of e(rns), e1, e2, p7, ns2, ns5a and the 3'-nontranslated region (3'-ntr) but is closely related to that at genes of n(pro), core, ns3, ns4a, ns4b, and ns5b. | 2017 | 28385846 |
| dna-binding properties of the african swine fever virus pa104r, a histone-like protein involved in viral replication and transcription. | african swine fever virus (asfv) codes for a putative histone-like protein (pa104r) with extensive sequence homology to bacterial proteins that are implicated in genome replication and packaging. functional characterization of purified recombinant pa104r revealed that it binds to ssdna and dsdna over a wide range of temperatures, ph values, salt concentrations and in an atp-independent manner, with an estimated binding site size of about 14-16 nucleotides. using site-directed mutagenesis, the ar ... | 2017 | 28381576 |
| molecular chaperone jiv promotes the rna replication of classical swine fever virus. | the nonstructural protein 2 (ns2) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a self-splicing ribozyme wherein the precursor protein ns2-3 is cleaved, and the cleavage efficiency of ns2-3 is crucial to the replication of viral rna. however, the proteolytic activity of ns2 autoprotease may be achieved through a cellular chaperone called j-domain protein interacting with viral protein (jiv) or its fragment jiv90, as evidence suggests that jiv is required for the proper functioning of the ns2 protein ... | 2017 | 28341934 |
| interferon-inducible oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein acts as an antiviral effector against classical swine fever virus via the mda5-mediated type i interferon signaling pathway. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), which poses a serious threat to the global pig industry. interferons (ifns) and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) play a key role in host antiviral defense. we have previously screened the porcine 2' -5' -oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (poasl) as a potential anti-csfv isg using a reporter csfv. this study aimed to clarify the underlying antiviral mechanism of poasl against csfv. we confirmed that csfv repli ... | 2017 | 28331099 |
| co-circulation of multiple genotypes of african swine fever viruses among domestic pigs in zambia (2013-2015). | during 2013-2015, several and severe outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) affected domestic pigs in six provinces of zambia. genetic characterization of asf viruses (asfvs) using standardized genotyping procedures revealed that genotypes i, ii and xiv were associated with these outbreaks. molecular and epidemiological data suggest that genotype ii asfv (georgia 2007/1-like) detected in northern province of zambia may have been introduced from neighbouring tanzania. also, a genotype ii virus de ... | 2017 | 28299893 |
| african swine fever virus np868r capping enzyme promotes reovirus rescue during reverse genetics by promoting reovirus protein expression, virion assembly, and rna incorporation into infectious virions. | reoviruses, like many eukaryotic viruses, contain an inverted 7-methylguanosine (m7g) cap linked to the 5' nucleotide of mrna. traditional functions of capping are to promote mrna stability, protein translation, and concealment from cellular proteins that recognize foreign rna. to address the role of mrna capping during reovirus replication, we assessed the benefits of adding the african swine fever virus np868r capping enzyme. c3p3, a fusion protein containing t7 rna polymerase and np868r, was ... | 2017 | 28298603 |
| understanding african swine fever infection dynamics in sardinia using a spatially explicit transmission model in domestic pig farms. | african swine fever virus (asfv) has been endemic in sardinia since 1978, resulting in severe losses for local pig producers and creating important problems for the island's veterinary authorities. this study used a spatially explicit stochastic transmission model followed by two regression models to investigate the dynamics of asfv spread amongst domestic pig farms, to identify geographic areas at highest risk and determine the role of different susceptible pig populations (registered domestic ... | 2017 | 28296281 |
| polyvalent 2d entry inhibitors for pseudorabies and african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is one of the most dangerous viruses for pigs and is endemic in africa but recently also spread into the russian federation and the eastern border of the eu. so far there is no vaccine or antiviral drug available to curtail the infection. thus, control strategies based on novel inhibitors are urgently needed. another highly relevant virus infection in pigs is aujeszky's disease caused by the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv). this article reports the synt ... | 2017 | 28296132 |
| the core protein of a pestivirus protects the incoming virus against ifn-induced effectors. | a multitude of viral factors - either inhibiting the induction of the ifn-system or its effectors - have been described to date. however, little is known about the role of structural components of the incoming virus particle in protecting against ifn-induced antiviral factors during or immediately after entry. in this study, we take advantage of the previously reported property of classical swine fever virus (family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus) to tolerate a deletion of the core protein if a ... | 2017 | 28290554 |
| visual detection and differentiation of classic swine fever virus strains using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) and g-quadruplex dnazyme assay. | the split g-quadruplex dnazyme has emerged as a valuable tool for visual dna detection. here, we successfully integrated colorimetric split g-quadruplex dnazyme assay with nucleic acid sequence-based amplification to generate a novel detection approach, allowing visual and rapid detection for the rna of shimen and hclv strains of classic swine fever virus (csfv). csfv is a rna virus that causes a highly contagious disease in domestic pigs and wild boar. with this method, we were able to detect a ... | 2017 | 28287135 |
| efficacy evaluation of the c-strain-based vaccines against the subgenotype 2.1d classical swine fever virus emerging in china. | classical swine fever (csf) is a devastating infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). the disease has been controlled following extensive vaccination with the lapinized attenuated vaccine c-strain for decades in china. however, frequent csf outbreaks occurred recently in a large number of c-strain-vaccinated pig farms in china and a new subgenotype 2.1d of csfv has been reported to be responsible for the outbreaks. here we analyzed the molecular variations and ant ... | 2017 | 28284603 |
| novel poly-uridine insertion in the 3'utr and e2 amino acid substitutions in a low virulent classical swine fever virus. | in this study, we compared the virulence in weaner pigs of the pinar del rio isolate and the virulent margarita strain. the latter caused the cuban classical swine fever (csf) outbreak of 1993. our results showed that the pinar del rio virus isolated during an endemic phase is clearly of low virulence. we analysed the complete nucleotide sequence of the pinar del rio virus isolated after persistence in newborn piglets, as well as the genome sequence of the inoculum. the consensus genome sequence ... | 2017 | 28284595 |
| molecular characterization of classical swine fever virus isolates from india during 2012-14. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease of pigs. outbreaks of classical swine fever virus (csfv) were recorded in different places in the kamrup district of assam in india between the years 2012 and 2014. the nucleotide sequences of the 10 csfv isolates were analyzed based on the partial nucleotide sequences of the e2, 5'ntr and ns5b genes. phylogenetic analysis indicated the dominance of subgroup 2.2 along with 2.1 strains in the northeast part of i ... | 2017 | 28279702 |
| genetic and virulence characterization of classical swine fever viruses isolated in mongolia from 2007 to 2015. | classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious viral disease affecting domestic and wild pigs in many developing countries, is now considered endemic in mongolia, with 14 recent outbreaks in 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2015. for the first time, csf viruses isolated from these 14 outbreaks were analyzed to assess their molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity in pigs. based on the nucleotide sequences of their 5'-untranslated region, isolates were phylogenetically classified as either sub ... | 2017 | 28260187 |
| cellular proteomic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 and classical swine fever virus coinfection in porcine kidney-15 cells using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-coupled lc-ms/ms. | viral coinfection or superinfection in host has caused public health concern and huge economic losses of farming industry. the influence of viral coinfection on cellular protein abundance is essential for viral pathogenesis. based on a coinfection model for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) developed previously by our laboratory, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq)-coupled lc-ms/ms proteomic profiling was performed to explore the hos ... | 2017 | 28247913 |
| unique 5'-p recognition and basis for dg:dgtp misincorporation of asfv dna polymerase x. | african swine fever virus (asfv) can cause highly lethal disease in pigs and is becoming a global threat. asfv dna polymerase x (asfvpolx) is the most distinctive dna polymerase identified to date; it lacks two dna-binding domains (the thumb domain and 8-kd domain) conserved in the homologous proteins. asfvpolx catalyzes the gap-filling reaction during the dna repair process of the asfv virus genome; it is highly error prone and plays an important role during the strategic mutagenesis of the vir ... | 2017 | 28245220 |
| safety and immunogenicity of mammalian cell derived and modified vaccinia ankara vectored african swine fever subunit antigens in swine. | a reverse vaccinology system, vaxign, was used to identify and select a subset of five african swine fever (asf) antigens that were successfully purified from human embryonic kidney 293 (hek) cells and produced in modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) viral vectors. three hek-purified antigens [b646l (p72), e183l (p54), and o61r (p12)], and three mva-vectored antigens [b646l, ep153r, and ep402r (cd2v)] were evaluated using a prime-boost immunization regimen swine safety and immunogenicity study. ... | 2017 | 28241999 |
| csfv proliferation is associated with gbf1 and rab2. | the golgi apparatus and its resident proteins are utilized and regulated by viruses to facilitate their proliferation. in this study, we investigated classical swine fever virus (csfv) proliferation when the function of the golgi was disturbed. golgi function was disturbed using chemical inhibitors, namely, brefeldin a (bfa) and golgicide a (gca), and rna interfering targets, such as the golgi-specific bfa-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (gbf1) and rab2 gtpases. csfv proliferatio ... | 2017 | 28229964 |
| genetic assessment of african swine fever isolates involved in outbreaks in the democratic republic of congo between 2005 and 2012 reveals co-circulation of p72 genotypes i, ix and xiv, including 19 variants. | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating disease of domestic pigs. it is a socioeconomically important disease, initially described from kenya, but subsequently reported in most sub-saharan countries. asf spread to europe, south america and the caribbean through multiple introductions which were initially eradicated-except for sardinia-followed by re‑introduction into europe in 2007. in this study of asf within the democratic republic of the congo, 62 domestic pig samples, collected between 20 ... | 2017 | 28218698 |
| polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (pclsr) for detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) in pigs and wild boars. | the study reports the development of a polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (pclsr) for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna in blood collected from infected pigs and wild boars. the method uses 3 specifically designed primers. two outer-spiral primers comprising of 3' sequences complementary to asfv p72 gene sequence and 5'end sequences complementary to exogenous gene of black widow alpha-latrotoxin as well as additional asfv specific cross-linking primer. the method is spe ... | 2017 | 28198455 |
| identification of residues within the african swine fever virus dp71l protein required for dephosphorylation of translation initiation factor eif2α and inhibiting activation of pro-apoptotic chop. | the african swine fever virus dp71l protein recruits protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) to dephosphorylate the translation initiation factor 2α (eif2α) and avoid shut-off of global protein synthesis and downstream activation of the pro-apoptotic factor chop. residues v16 and f18a were critical for binding of dp71l to pp1. mutation of this pp1 binding motif or deletion of residues between 52 and 66 reduced the ability of dp71l to cause dephosphorylation of eif2α and inhibit chop induction. the residues ... | 2017 | 28189088 |
| dietary supplementation of astragalus polysaccharides enhanced immune components and growth factors egf and igf-1 in sow colostrum. | colostrum is the main external resource providing piglets with nutrients and maternal immune molecules. astragalus polysaccharides (aps) have been used as immunopotentiators in vitro and several animal models. this study aimed to determine the effects of aps on immune factors in sow colostrum and milk. the sow diet was supplemented with aps one week before the expected delivery date. colostrum and milk were collected and designated as 0 h- (onset of parturition), 12 h-, and 24 h-colostrum and 36 ... | 2017 | 28164139 |
| the double-antigen elisa concept for early detection of e(rns) -specific classical swine fever virus antibodies and application as an accompanying test for differentiation of infected from marker vaccinated animals. | emergency vaccination with live marker vaccines represents a promising control strategy for future classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks, and the first live marker vaccine is available in europe. successful implementation is dependent on a reliable accompanying diagnostic assay that allows differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva). as induction of a protective immune response relies on virus-neutralizing antibodies against e2 protein of csf virus (csfv), the most promising diva ... | 2017 | 28158921 |
| the effect of classical swine fever virus ns5a and ns5a mutants on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in swine testicular cells. | infection with classical swine fever virus (csfv) results in highly significant economic losses; this infection is characterized by being highly contagious and accompanied by hyperthermia and systemic bleeding. oxidative stress (os) plays a critical role in the pathological process of viral infection. the function of the nonstructural protein 5a (ns5a) in the pathogenesis of csfv has not been completely understood. here, os and the inflammatory response were studied with ns5a and substitution mu ... | 2017 | 28142057 |
| biological characterization of african swine fever virus genotype ii strains from north-eastern estonia in european wild boar. | due to its impact on animal health and pig industry, african swine fever (asf) is regarded as one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. following the ongoing epidemic in the transcaucasian countries and the russian federation, african swine fever virus was introduced into the estonian wild boar population in 2014. epidemiological investigations suggested two different introductions into the southern and the north-eastern part of estonia. interestingly, outbreak characteristics varied con ... | 2017 | 28116841 |
| detection of classical swine fever virus infection by individual oral fluid of pigs following experimental inoculation. | we evaluated the use of oral fluid as an alternative to serum samples for classical swine fever virus (csfv) detection. individual oral fluid and serum samples were collected at different times post-infection from pigs that were experimentally inoculated with csfv alfort 187 strain. we found no evidence of csfv neutralizing antibodies in swine oral fluid samples under our experimental conditions. in contrast, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction could detect csfv nucleic aci ... | 2017 | 28114861 |
| evidence of hemolysis in pigs infected with highly virulent african swine fever virus. | the research was conducted to understand more profoundly the pathogenetic aspects of the acute form of the african swine fever (asf). | 2016 | 28096614 |
| characterization of the interaction of african swine fever virus with monocytes and derived macrophage subsets. | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating disease for which there is no vaccine available. the asf virus (asfv) primarily infects cells of the myeloid lineage and this tropism is thought to be crucial for disease pathogenesis. a detailed in vitro characterization of the interactions of a virulent sardinian isolate (22653/14) and a tissue culture adapted avirulent strain (ba71v) of asfv with porcine monocytes, un-activated (momφ), classically (mom1) and alternatively (mom2) activated monocyte-de ... | 2017 | 28062012 |
| rope-based oral fluid sampling for early detection of classical swine fever in domestic pigs at group level. | non-invasive sampling techniques based on the analysis of oral fluid specimen have gained substantial importance in the field of swine herd management. methodological advances have a focus on endemic viral diseases in commercial pig production. more recently, these approaches have been adapted to non-invasive sampling of wild boar for transboundary animal disease detection for which these effective population level sampling methods have not been available. in this study, a rope-in-a-bait based o ... | 2017 | 28056961 |
| structural insight into african swine fever virus a179l-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. | programmed cell death is a tightly controlled process critical for the removal of damaged or infected cells. pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the bcl-2 family are pivotal mediators of this process. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus, the only member of the asfarviridae family, and harbors a179l, a putative bcl-2 like protein. a179l has been shown to bind to several proapoptotic bcl-2 proteins; however, the hierarchy of binding and the structural basis for apoptosis inhibitio ... | 2017 | 28053104 |
| unraveling the armor of a killer: evasion of host defenses by african swine fever virus. | african swine fever is an acute hemorrhagic disease of pigs. extensive recent spread in the russian federation and eastern europe has increased the risk to global pig production. the virus is a large dna virus and is the only member of the asfarviridae family. in pigs, the virus replicates predominantly in macrophages. we review how the virus overcomes the barriers to replication in the macrophage and the virus mechanism to inhibit key host defense pathways. | 2017 | 28031363 |
| functional characterization of recombinant major envelope protein (rb2l) of orf virus. | orf, or contagious ecthyma, a highly contagious transboundary disease of sheep and goats, is caused by a double-stranded dna virus (orfv) belonging to the genus parapoxvirus of the family poxviridae. the orfv genome encodes the major envelope proteins b2l and f1l, which have been found to be highly immunogenic and have multiple functional characteristics. in order to investigate the functional properties of the b2l protein, in this study, the b2l gene of orfv strain 59/05, encoding recombinant m ... | 2017 | 27995337 |
| self-replicating rna. | self-replicating rna derived from the genomes of positive strand rna viruses represents a powerful tool for both molecular studies on virus biology and approaches to novel safe and effective vaccines. the following chapter summarizes the principles how such rnas can be established and used for design of vaccines. due to the large variety of strategies needed to circumvent specific pitfalls in the design of such constructs the technical details of the experiments are not described here but can be ... | 2017 | 27987141 |
| african swine fever virus gets undressed: new insights on the entry pathway. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large, multienveloped dna virus composed of a genome-containing core successively wrapped by an inner lipid envelope, an icosahedral protein capsid, and an outer lipid envelope. in keeping with this structural complexity, recent studies have revealed an intricate entry program. this gem highlights how asfv uses two alternative pathways, macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, to enter into the host macrophage and how the endocytosed particles und ... | 2017 | 27974557 |
| efficacy of the marker vaccine radv-sfv-e2 against classical swine fever in the presence of maternally derived antibodies to radv-sfv-e2 or c-strain. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). in order to eradicate csf, many marker vaccines that allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva) have been developed. in our previous studies, a diva csf vaccine radv-sfv-e2 has been demonstrated to completely protect pigs against lethal csfv challenge. in the context of risk assessments for an emergency vaccination scenario, the question has been raised whether pre ... | 2016 | 27939155 |
| up-regulation of il-10 upon prrsv vaccination impacts on the immune response against csfv. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection negatively impacts the efficacy of classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine. this paper investigates whether the prrsv vaccine also impacts the csfv vaccine and if the impact is time-related. forty-eight piglets born from four sows were divided into five groups (g1-g5). the piglets in g1 to g4 were given prrsv vaccine at 14, 21, 28 and 35days of age. the g5 group was not vaccinated with the prrsv. all pigs were given the csf ... | 2016 | 27938685 |
| variations in clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions of african swine fever in domestic pigs in the southern highlands of tanzania: a field experience. | african swine fever is a contagious viral disease responsible for up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs. a longitudinal study was carried out to determine the clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions in affected pigs in mbeya region, tanzania during the 2010 to 2014 outbreaks. data were collected during clinical and postmortem examination by field veterinarians and using a structured questionnaire. a total of 118 respondents (100%) showed awareness about african swin ... | 2017 | 27915438 |
| different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated african swine fever virus isolate ourt88/3. | this study compares different combinations of doses and routes of immunisation of pigs with low virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) genotype i isolate ourt88/3, including the intramuscular and intranasal route, the latter not previously tested. intranasal immunisations with low and moderate doses (10(3) and 10(4) tcid50) of ourt88/3 provided complete protection (100%) against challenge with virulent genotype i ourt88/1 isolate. only mild and transient clinical reactions were observed in pr ... | 2017 | 27908827 |
| preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risk of african swine fever virus spread in pig farming systems. | african swine fever (asf) is one of the most severe diseases of pigs; it has a drastic impact on the pig industry, causing serious socio-economic consequences to pig farmers and pork producers. in europe, there are currently two main clusters of infection; one in sardinia caused by strains of african swine fever virus (asfv) belonging to genotype i and another in eastern europe caused by strains of asfv belonging to genotype ii. the latter is inducing an acute form of asf and it represents a ser ... | 2016 | 27899125 |
| genetically edited pigs lacking cd163 show no resistance following infection with the african swine fever virus isolate, georgia 2007/1. | african swine fever is a highly contagious, often fatal disease of swine for which there is no vaccine or other curative treatment. the macrophage marker, cd163, is a putative receptor for african swine fever virus (asfv). pigs possessing a complete knockout of cd163 on macrophages were inoculated with georgia 2007/1, a genotype 2 isolate. knockout and wild type pen mates became infected and showed no differences in clinical signs, mortality, pathology or viremia. there was also no difference fo ... | 2017 | 27898335 |
| competitive replication kinetics and pathogenicity in pigs co-infected with historical and newly invading classical swine fever viruses. | classical swine fever (csf), an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs, is caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). in taiwan, csfvs from field outbreaks belong to two distinct genotypes. the historical genotype 3.4 dominated from the 1920s to 1996, and since 1996, the newly invading genotype 2.1 has dominated. to explain the phenomenon of this virus shift in the field, representative viruses belonging to genotypes 2.1 and 3.4 were either inoculated alone (single infec ... | 2017 | 27889614 |
| quasispecies composition and diversity do not reveal any predictors for chronic classical swine fever virus infection. | classical swine fever (csf) can run acute, chronic, and prenatal courses in both domestic pigs and wild boar. although chronic infections are rare events, their epidemiological impact is very high due to the long-term shedding of virus. so far, little is known about the factors that influence disease course and outcome from either the host or virus's perspective. to elucidate the viral determinants, we analyzed the role of the viral populations for the development of chronic csf virus (csfv) inf ... | 2017 | 27885563 |
| influence of age and dose of african swine fever virus infections on clinical outcome and blood parameters in pigs. | african swine fever (asf) is a fatal disease for domestic pigs, leading to serious economic losses in countries where asf is endemic. despite extensive research, efficient vaccines against asf are lacking. since peripheral blood cells are important mediators for vaccines, we study the impact of asf on blood parameters in pigs with different ages and infected with different doses of asf virus. four different groups were studied: (1) 12 weeks of age/low virus dose; (2) 12 weeks of age/high virus d ... | 2017 | 27875662 |
| complete genome sequence of an african swine fever virus isolate from sardinia, italy. | previous genetic characterization of african swine fever virus isolates from the italian island of sardinia, where the virus has been present since 1978, has largely been limited to a few selected genomic regions. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the isolate 47/ss/08 collected during an outbreak in 2008. | 2016 | 27856577 |
| molecular detection of torque teno sus virus and coinfection with african swine fever virus in blood samples of pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria. | torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b) infection is present in pig herds worldwide. this study investigated the prevalence of ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b infections in domestic pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria as well as coinfection with african swine fever virus (asfv) and described the phylogeny in relation to global strains. one hundred and eighty-one (181) blood samples from four slaughterhouses were used for the study and viral nucleic acid detection was carried out by pcr. comparative sequ ... | 2016 | 27833640 |
| the european classical swine fever virus database: blueprint for a pathogen-specific sequence database with integrated sequence analysis tools. | molecular epidemiology has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of diseases and in tracing the infection routes of pathogens. due to advances in conventional sequencing and the development of high throughput technologies, the field of sequence determination is in the process of being revolutionized. platforms for sharing sequence information and providing standardized tools for phylogenetic analyses are becoming increasingly important. the database (db) of the european union (eu) and wo ... | 2016 | 27827988 |
| identification and genetic characterization of classical swine fever virus isolates in brazil: a new subgenotype. | the classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs and wild boar. the csf causes great economic losses for pork production and the occurrence of the disease is notifiable to the oie. the objective of this work was to identify and characterize csf virus isolates from brazil. seven viral isolates were obtained and the full-length e2 sequences were analyzed. phylogenetic analysis revealed a different segregation pattern between brazilian isolates and members of subgenotype ... | 2017 | 27815697 |
| simultaneous deletion of the 9gl and uk genes from the african swine fever virus georgia 2007 isolate offers increased safety and protection against homologous challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal viral disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the control of african swine fever (asf) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. successful experimental vaccines have been derived from naturally occurring, cell culture-adapted, or genetically modified live attenuated asfv. recombinant viruses harboring engineered deletions of specific virulence ... | 2017 | 27795430 |
| association of the host immune response with protection using a live attenuated african swine fever virus model. | african swine fever (asf) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of swine caused by a double-stranded dna virus, asf virus (asfv). there is no vaccine to prevent the disease and current control measures are limited to culling and restricting animal movement. swine infected with attenuated strains are protected against challenge with a homologous virulent virus, but there is limited knowledge of the host immune mechanisms generating that protection. swine infected with pretoriuskop/96/4 (pret4) virus de ... | 2016 | 27782090 |
| caveolin-1-mediated endocytic pathway is involved in classical swine fever virus shimen infection of porcine alveolar macrophages. | macrophages are at the frontline of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. however, very little is known about the cell invasion mechanism of classical swine fever virus (csfv) shimen strain. to elucidate the infective mechanism of this important pathogen, we screened deep-sequencing data derived from macrophages infected with csfv shimen and uninfected macrophages, and identified a role of caveolin-1 (cav1). digital gene expression profiling showed that cav1 was differentially expressed in ... | 2016 | 27771074 |
| african swine fever virus: a new old enemy of europe | african swine fever (asf) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine with a mortality rate approaching 100 percent. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a double-stranded dna virus with a complex molecular structure. its large genome, encoding multiple virulence factors, allows for efficient replication, which takes place predominantly in the cytoplasm of monocytes and macrophages. also, asfv has the ability to interfere with cell signalling pathways, which leads to various modulations in the ... | 2016 | 27770755 |
| identification of cleavage of ns5a of c-strain classical swine fever virus. | ns5a is a multifunctional non-structural protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) that plays an important role in viral replication, but how it exerts its functions is unknown. here, we report the cleavage of ns5a of the vaccine c-strain, resulting in two truncated forms (b and c). further experiments using calpain- and caspase-family-specific inhibitors, followed by a caspase-6-specific shrnas and inhibitor, showed that the cleavage of c-strain ns5a to produce truncated form c is mediated ... | 2017 | 27766426 |
| challenges for african swine fever vaccine development-"… perhaps the end of the beginning." | african swine fever (asf), an acute, viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine with mortality rates approaching 100%, is arguably the most significant emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. devastating asf outbreaks and continuing epidemic in the caucasus region and russia (2007-to date) highlight significance of this disease threat. there is no vaccine for asf, thus leaving animal slaughter the only effective disease control option. it is clear, however, that vaccination is ... | 2016 | 27756505 |
| development of an updated pcr assay for detection of african swine fever virus. | due to the current unavailability of vaccines or treatments for african swine fever (asf), which is caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), rapid and reliable detection of the virus is essential for timely implementation of emergency control measures and differentiation of asf from other swine diseases with similar clinical presentations. here, an improved pcr assay was developed and evaluated for sensitive and universal detection of asfv. primers specific for asfv were designed based on the ... | 2017 | 27714502 |
| t-cell factor-4 and mhc upregulation in pigs receiving a live attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine strain with interferon-gamma adjuvant. | the effect of co-administration of interferon (ifn)-γ in pigs undergoing vaccination with an attenuated strain (lpc) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was investigated. unvaccinated pigs demonstrated pyrexia and died 7-9 days after challenge with virulent csfv. pigs receiving the attenuated vaccine remained healthy after virus challenge, except for mild, transient pyrexia, whereas pigs receiving ifn-γ simultaneously with the vaccine demonstrated normal body temperatures after virus challenge ... | 2016 | 27687943 |
| editorial: control of pestivirus infections in the management of wildlife populations. | 2016 | 27660626 | |
| isolation and characterization of a moderately virulent classical swine fever virus emerging in china. | classical swine fever (csf) is a devastating infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). in china, csf has been under control owing to extensive vaccination with the lapinized attenuated vaccine (c-strain) since 1950s, despite sporadic or endemic in many regions. however, recently, csf outbreaks occurred in a large number of swine herds in china. here, we isolated 15 csfv strains from diverse c-strain-vaccinated pig farms in china and characterized the genetic variat ... | 2016 | 27658930 |
| apigenin inhibits african swine fever virus infection in vitro. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is one of the most devastating diseases of domestic pigs for which no effective vaccines are available. flavonoids, natural products isolated from plants, have been reported to have significant in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against different viruses. here, we tested the antiviral effect of five flavonoids on the replication of asfv in vero cells. our results showed a potent, dose-dependent anti-asfv effect of apigenin in vitro. time-of-addition experime ... | 2016 | 27638776 |
| development of a novel lateral flow assay for detection of african swine fever in blood. | african swine fever (asf) is a viral infectious disease of domestic and wild suids of all breeds and ages, causing a wide range of hemorrhagic syndromes and frequently characterized by high mortality. the disease is endemic in sub-saharan africa and sardinia. since 2007, it has also been present in different countries of eastern europe, where control measures have not been effective so far. the continued spread poses a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. in the absence of vaccine, ea ... | 2016 | 27633968 |
| induction of robust immune responses in swine by using a cocktail of adenovirus-vectored african swine fever virus antigens. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine, and at present no treatment or vaccine is available. natural and gene-deleted, live attenuated strains protect against closely related virulent strains; however, they are yet to be deployed and evaluated in the field to rule out chronic persistence and a potential for reversion to virulence. previous studies suggest that antibodies play a role in protection, but induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) ... | 2016 | 27628166 |
| pigs immunized with a novel e2 subunit vaccine are protected from subgenotype heterologous classical swine fever virus challenge. | classical swine fever (csf) or hog cholera is a highly contagious swine viral disease. csf endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus (mlv) vaccines to prevent and control csf. however, it is impossible to serologically differentiate mlv vaccinated pigs from those infected with csf virus (csfv). the aim of this study is to develop a one-dose e2-subunit vaccine that can provide protection against csfv challenge. we hypothesize that a vaccine consisting of a suitabl ... | 2016 | 27612954 |
| detection of african swine fever virus antibodies in serum and oral fluid specimens using a recombinant protein 30 (p30) dual matrix indirect elisa. | in the absence of effective vaccine(s), control of african swine fever caused by african swine fever virus (asfv) must be based on early, efficient, cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. for this purpose, we developed an indirect elisa capable of detecting asfv antibodies in either serum or oral fluid specimens. the recombinant protein used in the elisa was selected by comparing the early serum antibody response of asfv-infected pigs (nhv-p68 isolate) to three m ... | 2016 | 27611939 |
| evidence for the presence of african swine fever virus in an endemic region of western kenya in the absence of any reported outbreak. | african swine fever (asf), caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), is a severe haemorrhagic disease of pigs, outbreaks of which can have a devastating impact upon commercial and small-holder pig production. pig production in western kenya is characterised by low-input, free-range systems practised by poor farmers keeping between two and ten pigs. these farmers are particularly vulnerable to the catastrophic loss of livestock assets experienced in an asf outbreak. this study wished to expand ... | 2016 | 27608711 |
| alteration of a second putative fusion peptide of structural glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus alters virus replication and virulence in swine. | e2, the major envelope glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv), is involved in several critical virus functions, including cell attachment, host range susceptibility, and virulence in natural hosts. functional structural analysis of e2 based on a wimley-white interfacial hydrophobicity distribution predicted the involvement of a loop (residues 864 to 881) stabilized by a disulfide bond ((869)ckwggnwtcv(878), named fpii) in establishing interactions with the host cell membrane. this lo ... | 2016 | 27605674 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (mek2), a novel e2-interacting protein, promotes the growth of classical swine fever virus via attenuation of the jak-stat signaling pathway. | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (mek1/2/erk1/2) cascade is involved in the replication of several members of the flaviviridae family including hepatitis c virus and dengue virus. the effects of the cascade on the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv), a fatal pestivirus of pigs, remain unknown. in this study, mek2 was identified as a novel binding partner of the e2 protein of csfv using yeast two-hybrid screening. the e2-mek2 interaction was con ... | 2016 | 27605672 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities of animal-used quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against mycobacteria, mycoplasma and fungi. | the quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) were known as potent antibacterial agents. for the purpose of evaluating the bioactivity of existing animal-used qdnos drugs against representative pathogenic microorganism, the representative drugs of quinoxalines including cyadox, mequindox, quinocetone and their metabolites were submitted to the in vitro evaluation for antituberculosis, antimycoplasma, antifungal and antiviral activities. | 2016 | 27600955 |
| evolution of african swine fever virus genes related to evasion of host immune response. | african swine fever (asf) is a notifiable and one of the most complex and devastating infectious disease of pigs, wild boars and other representatives of suidae family. african swine fever virus (asfv) developed various molecular mechanisms to evade host immune response including alteration of interferon production by multigene family protein (mgf505-2r), inhibition of nf-κb and nuclear activating factor in t-cells by the a238l protein, or modulation of host defense by cd2v lectin-like protein e ... | 2016 | 27599940 |
| impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2 infection on the potency of the classical swine fever vaccine (lom strain). | the classical swine fever (csf) vaccine, which is derived from the lom strain of the csf virus (csfv), induces protective immunity against csfv infection. however, several factors influence vaccine efficacy. evidence suggests that infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and/or porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) reduces the efficacy of several vaccines. here, we examined the effect of prrsv or pcv2 alone or co-infection by prrsv/pcv2 on the potency of the lom vaccine in ... | 2016 | 27599928 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus by isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assays. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major cause of swine reproductive failure and reported in many countries worldwide. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays using a real-time fluorescent detection (ppv real-time rpa assay) and a lateral flow dipstick (ppv rpa lfd assay) were developed targeting ppv ns1 gene. the detection limit of ppv real-time rpa assay was 300 copies per reaction within 9 min at 38 °c, while the rpa lfd assay has a detection limit of 400 copies per reaction in less than ... | 2016 | 27593155 |
| experimental pig-to-pig transmission dynamics for african swine fever virus, georgia 2007/1 strain- corrigendum. | 2016 | 27573924 | |
| in vitro inhibition of african swine fever virus-topoisomerase ii disrupts viral replication. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a highly-contagious and fatal disease of domestic pigs, leading to serious socio-economic impact in affected countries. to date, neither a vaccine nor a selective anti-viral drug are available for prevention or treatment of african swine fever (asf), emphasizing the need for more detailed studies at the role of asfv proteins involved in viral dna replication and transcription. notably, asfv encodes for a functional type ii topoisomeras ... | 2016 | 27568922 |
| characterization of the atypical lymphocytes in african swine fever. | atypical lymphocytes usually described as lymphocytes with altered shape, increased dna amount, and larger size. for analysis of cause of genesis and source of atypical lymphocytes during african swine fever virus (asfv) infection, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and in vitro model were investigated. | 2016 | 27536044 |
| classical swine fever virus replicated poorly in cells from mxa transgenic pigs. | in addition to their value as livestock, pigs are susceptible to classical swine fever virus (csfv) and can serve as reservoirs for csfv, allowing it to develop into an epizootic. csfv, a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, has a single-stranded rna genome. recent research has indicated that the human mxa protein inhibits the life cycles of certain rna viruses, such as members of the bunyaviridae family, the flaviviridae family and others. | 2016 | 27535023 |
| rapid detection of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by a fluorescent probe-based isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay. | a novel fluorescent probe-based real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (real-time rt-rpa) assay was developed for rapid detection of highly pathogenic type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). the sensitivity analysis showed that the detection limit of rpa was 70 copies of hp-prrsv rna/reaction. the real-time rt-rpa highly specific amplified hp-prrsv with no cross-reaction with classic prrsv, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus ... | 2016 | 27534870 |
| sequence adaptations during growth of rescued classical swine fever viruses in cell culture and within infected pigs. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes an economically important disease of swine. four different viruses were rescued from full-length cloned cdnas derived from the paderborn strain of csfv. three of these viruses had been modified by mutagenesis (with 7 or 8 nt changes) within stem 2 of the subdomain iiif of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) that directs the initiation of protein synthesis. rescued viruses were inoculated into pigs. the rescued vpader10 virus, without modifications in ... | 2016 | 27527774 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| deletion of african swine fever virus interferon inhibitors from the genome of a virulent isolate reduces virulence in domestic pigs and induces a protective response. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes multiple copies of mgf360 and mgf530/505 gene families. these genes have been implicated in the modulation of the type i interferon (ifn) response. we investigated the effect of modulating the ifn response on virus attenuation and induction of protective immunity by deleting genes mgf360 (mgf360-10l, 11l, 12l, 13l, 14l) and mgf530/505 (mgf530/505-1r, 2r and 3r) and interrupting genes (mgf360-9l and mgf530/505-4r) in the genome of the virulent asfv isolate ... | 2016 | 27521231 |
| antigenic characterization of classical swine fever virus yc11wb isolates from wild boar. | classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar, has serious economic implications. the present study examined the virulence and transmission of strain yc11wb (isolated from a wild boar in 2011) in breeding wild boar. virulence in domestic pigs was also examined. based on the severe clinical signs and high mortality observed among breeding wild boar, the pathogenicity of strain yc11wb resembled that of typical acute csf. surprisingly, in contrast ... | 2016 | 27515269 |
| the ep152r orf of african swine fever virus strain georgia encodes for an essential gene that interacts with host protein bag6. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the viral genome encodes for more than 150 genes, and only a select few of these genes have been studied in some detail. here we report the characterization of open reading frame ep152r that has a predicted complement control module/scr domain. this domain is found in vaccinia virus proteins that are involved in blo ... | 2016 | 27497620 |
| entry of classical swine fever virus into pk-15 cells via a ph-, dynamin-, and cholesterol-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway that requires rab5 and rab7. | classical swine fever virus (csfv), a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae, is a small, enveloped, positive-strand rna virus. due to its economic importance to the pig industry, the biology and pathogenesis of csfv have been investigated extensively. however, the mechanisms of csfv entry into cells are not well characterized. in this study, we used systematic approaches to dissect csfv cell entry. we first observed that csfv infection was inhibited by chloroquine and nh4 ... | 2016 | 27489278 |
| erratum to: classical swine fever virus ns5a protein changed inflammatory cytokine secretion in porcine alveolar macrophages by inhibiting the nf-κb signaling pathway. | 2016 | 27488364 |