Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular phylogeny of anoplocephalid tapeworms (cestoda: anoplocephalidae) infecting humans and non-human primates. | anoplocephalid tapeworms of the genus bertiella stiles and hassall, 1902 and anoplocephala blanchard, 1848, found in the asian, african and american non-human primates are presumed to sporadic ape-to-man transmissions. variable nuclear (5.8s-its2; 28s rrna) and mitochondrial genes (cox1; nad1) of isolates of anoplocephalids originating from different primates (callicebus oenanthe, gorilla beringei, gorilla gorilla, pan troglodytes and pongo abelii) and humans from various regions (south america, ... | 2015 | 26046952 |
| the geographic distribution of genetic diversity within gorillas. | gorillas, like all non-human great apes, are endangered. understanding the distribution of genetic diversity across their range is important because low diversity may arise in small populations through increased inbreeding, and, by reducing reproductive fitness, may lead to decreased chances of persistence of a given population. previous studies found higher genetic diversity in the western (gorilla gorilla) than in the eastern gorillas (gorilla beringei), but rarely employed individuals of know ... | 2015 | 25975353 |
| neutralization properties of simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting chimpanzees and gorillas. | broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnabs) represent powerful tools to combat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. here, we examined whether hiv-1-specific bnabs are capable of cross-neutralizing distantly related simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) infecting central (pan troglodytes troglodytes) (sivcpzptt) and eastern (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) (sivcpzpts) chimpanzees (n = 11) as well as western gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) (sivgor) (n = 1). we foun ... | 2015 | 25900654 |
| diversity of malaria parasites in great apes in gabon. | until 2009, the laverania subgenus counted only two representatives: plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium reichenowi. the recent development of non-invasive methods allowed re-exploration of plasmodial diversity in african apes. although a large number of great ape populations have now been studied regarding plasmodium infections in africa, there are still vast areas of their distribution that remained unexplored. gabon constitutes an important part of the range of western central african great ... | 2015 | 25889049 |
| gut microbiome composition and metabolomic profiles of wild western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) reflect host ecology. | the metabolic activities of gut microbes significantly influence host physiology; thus, characterizing the forces that modulate this micro-ecosystem is key to understanding mammalian biology and fitness. to investigate the gut microbiome of wild primates and determine how these microbial communities respond to the host's external environment, we characterized faecal bacterial communities and, for the first time, gut metabolomes of four wild lowland gorilla groups in the dzanga-sangha protected a ... | 2015 | 25846719 |
| odor signals in wild western lowland gorillas: an involuntary and extra-group communication hypothesis. | odors constitute one of the most ancient ways of communication among animals. whereas the key role of olfactory communication is well established in insects or rodents, its contribution to primate behavior remains very speculative. in a recent report, klailova and lee [1] studied the variations of intensity of the typical steroid musk odor produced by wild adult male gorilla silverbacks during encounters with opponents from other social units (lone males or other groups). the odor intensity incr ... | 2015 | 25797709 |
| admixture between historically isolated mitochondrial lineages in captive western gorillas: recommendations for future management. | although captive populations of western gorilla have been maintained in the united states for over a century, little is known about the geographic origins and genetic composition of the current zoo population. furthermore, although previous mitochondrial analyses have shown that free-range gorilla populations exhibit substantial regional differentiation, nothing is known of the extent to which this variation has been preserved in captive populations. to address these questions, we combined 379 p ... | 2017 | 25790828 |
| isolation of multiple drug-resistant enteric bacteria from feces of wild western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in gabon. | prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in wildlife can reveal the actual level of anthropological burden on the wildlife. in this study, we isolated two multiple drug-resistant strains, gg6-2 and gg6-1-1, from 27 fresh feces of wild western lowland gorillas in moukalaba-doudou national park, gabon. isolates were identified as achromobacter xylosoxidans and providencia sp., respectively. minimum inhibitory concentrations of the following 12 drugs-ampicillin (abpc), cefazolin (cez), cefotaxime (ctx ... | 2015 | 25649412 |
| inference of gorilla demographic and selective history from whole-genome sequence data. | although population-level genomic sequence data have been gathered extensively for humans, similar data from our closest living relatives are just beginning to emerge. examination of genomic variation within great apes offers many opportunities to increase our understanding of the forces that have differentially shaped the evolutionary history of hominid taxa. here, we expand upon the work of the great ape genome project by analyzing medium to high coverage whole-genome sequences from 14 western ... | 2015 | 25534031 |
| tool use for food acquisition in a wild mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei beringei). | on may 14, 2013, a wild, human-habituated, juvenile female mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei beringei) in volcanoes national park, rwanda was observed utilizing a tool to acquire food. the young gorilla watched an adult male use his hand to collect ants from a hole in the ground, and then quickly withdrew his hand and move away from the hole, shaking his arm to presumably remove biting ants. the juvenile female engaged in similar behavior, withdrawing her hand covered in ants, and shaking her a ... | 2015 | 25452208 |
| how much more would knm-wt 15000 have grown? | because of its completeness, the juvenile homo ergaster/erectus knm-wt 15000 has played an important role in studies of the evolution of body form in homo. early attempts to estimate his adult body size used modern human growth models. however, more recent evidence, particularly from the dentition, suggests that he may have had a more chimpanzee-like growth trajectory. here we re-estimate his adult stature and body mass using ontogenetic data derived from four african ape taxa: pan troglodytes t ... | 2015 | 25449954 |
| analysis of the ahr gene proximal promoter ggggc-repeat polymorphism in lung, breast, and colon cancer. | the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) regulates expression of numerous genes, including those of the cyp1 gene family. with the goal of determining factors that control ahr gene expression, our studies are focused on the role of the short tandem repeat polymorphism, (ggggc)n, located in the proximal promoter of the human ahr gene. when luciferase constructs containing varying ggggc repeats were transfected into cancer cell lines derived from the lung, colon, and breast, the number of ggggc repeats ... | 2015 | 25447411 |
| gorilla gorilla gorilla gut: a potential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria as revealed using culturomics and molecular tools. | wild apes are considered to be the most serious reservoir and source of zoonoses. however, little data are available about the gut microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in gorillas. for this propose, a total of 48 fecal samples obtained from 21 gorilla gorilla gorilla individuals (as revealed via microsatellite analysis) were screened for human bacterial pathogens using culturomics and molecular techniques. by applying culturomics to one index gorilla and using specific media supplemented by plants ... | 2014 | 25417711 |
| brain organization of gorillas reflects species differences in ecology. | gorillas include separate eastern (gorilla beringei) and western (gorilla gorilla) african species that diverged from each other approximately 2 million years ago. although anatomical, genetic, behavioral, and socioecological differences have been noted among gorilla populations, little is known about variation in their brain structure. this study examines neuroanatomical variation between gorilla species using structural neuroimaging. postmortem magnetic resonance images were obtained of brains ... | 2015 | 25360547 |
| human herpes simplex virus type 1 in confiscated gorilla. | in 2007, we detected human herpes simplex virus type 1, which caused stomatitis, in a juvenile confiscated eastern lowland gorilla (gorilla beringei graueri) that had a high degree of direct contact with human caretakers. our findings confirm that pathogens can transfer between nonhuman primate hosts and humans. | 2014 | 25341185 |
| three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of talar morphology in extant gorilla taxa from highland and lowland habitats. | western gorillas (gorilla gorilla) are known to climb significantly more often than eastern gorillas (gorilla beringei), a behavioral distinction attributable to major differences in their respective habitats (i.e., highland vs. lowland). genetic evidence suggests that the lineages leading to these taxa began diverging from one another between approximately 1 and 3 million years ago. thus, gorillas offer a special opportunity to examine the degree to which morphology of recently diverged taxa ma ... | 2015 | 25338937 |
| contextual correlates of syntactic variation in mountain and western gorilla close-distance vocalizations: indications for lexical or phonological syntax? | the core of the generative power of human languages lies in our ability to combine acoustic units under specific rules into structurally complex and semantically rich utterances. while various animal species concatenate acoustic units into structurally elaborate vocal sequences, such compound calls do not appear to be compositional as their information content cannot be derived from the information content of each of its components. as such, animal compound calls are said to constitute a form of ... | 2015 | 25311802 |
| the timing of spheno-occipital fusion in hominoids. | the degree of spheno-occipital fusion has been used to assign a relative age to dentally mature hominoid cranial specimens. however, a recent study of captive individuals (poe: am j phys anthropol 144 (2011) 162–165) concluded that fusion of the spheno-occipital suture in great ape taxa is of little utility for aging dentally mature individuals. in this contribution, i use dentally mature samples of extant hominoid taxa (homo sapiens, pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, gorilla gorilla gorilla, pong ... | 2015 | 25293964 |
| analysis of the forearm rotational efficiency in extant hominoids: new insights into the functional implications of upper limb skeletal structure. | the greatly diversified locomotor behaviors in the hominoidea impose different mechanical requirements in the upper limb of each species. as forearm rotation has a major role in locomotion, the skeletal structures involved in this movement may display differences among taxa that reflect functional adaptations. to test this, we use a biomechanical model that quantifies the rotatory capacity of pronator teres (rotational efficiency) from skeletal measurements. using a large sample of hominoids, we ... | 2014 | 25277440 |
| lactobacillus gorillae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | four strains of gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). three strains, kz01(t), kz02 and kz03, were isolated at the kyoto city zoo, japan, and one strain, gg02, was isolated in the moukalaba-doudou national park, gabon. these strains were investigated taxonomically. these strains belonged to the lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences and specif ... | 2014 | 25240022 |
| fecal microbial diversity and putative function in captive western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) and binturongs (arctictis binturong). | microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to host health and nutrition. although gut microbial ecology is well studied in livestock and domestic animals, little is known of the endogenous populations inhabiting primates or carnivora. we characterized microbial populations in fecal cultures from gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) and binturongs (arctictis binturong) to compare the microbiomes associate ... | 2014 | 25236539 |
| pathogenic eukaryotes in gut microbiota of western lowland gorillas as revealed by molecular survey. | although gorillas regarded as the largest extant species of primates and have a close phylogenetic relationship with humans, eukaryotic communities have not been previously studied in these populations. herein, 35 eukaryotic primer sets targeting the 18s rrna gene, internal transcribed spacer gene and other specific genes were used firstly to explore the eukaryotes in a fecal sample from a wild western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). then specific real-time pcrs were achieved in addit ... | 2014 | 25231746 |
| looking in apes as a source of human pathogens. | because of the close genetic relatedness between apes and humans, apes are susceptible to many human infectious agents and can serve as carriers of these pathogens. consequently, they present a serious health hazard to humans. moreover, many emerging infectious diseases originate in wildlife and continue to threaten human populations, especially vector-borne diseases described in great apes, such as malaria and rickettsiosis. these wild primates may be permanent reservoirs and important sources ... | 2014 | 25220240 |
| in vivo cellular tropism of gorilla simian foamy virus in blood of infected humans. | simian foamy viruses (sfv) are retroviruses that are widespread among nonhuman primates. sfv can be transmitted to humans, giving rise to a persistent infection. only a few data are available concerning the distribution of sfv in human blood cells. here we purified blood mononuclear cell subsets from 11 individuals infected with a gorilla gorilla sfv strain and quantified sfv dna levels by quantitative pcr. sfv dna was detected in the majority of the cd8(+), cd4(+), and cd19(+) lymphocyte sample ... | 2014 | 25210185 |
| non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of gorillibacterium massiliense gen. nov, sp. nov., a new member of the family paenibacillaceae. | strain g5(t) gen. nov., sp. nov. is the type strain of gorillibacterium massiliense, a newly proposed genus within the family paenibacillaceae. this strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated in france from a stool sample of a wild gorilla gorilla subsp. gorilla from cameroon. g. massiliense is a facultatively anaerobic, gram negative rod. here we describe the features of this bacterium, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. the 5,546,433 bp long genome (1 chromoso ... | 2014 | 25197465 |
| complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the eastern gorilla (gorilla beringei) and implications for african ape biogeography. | the western and eastern species of gorillas (gorilla gorilla and gorilla beringei) began diverging in the mid-pleistocene, but in a complex pattern with ongoing gene flow following their initial split. we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 1 eastern and 1 western gorilla to provide the most accurate date for their mitochondrial divergence, and to analyze patterns of nucleotide substitutions. the most recent common ancestor of these genomes existed about 1.9 million years ago, slight ... | 2016 | 25189777 |
| african great apes are naturally infected with roseoloviruses closely related to human herpesvirus 7. | primates are naturally infected with herpesviruses. during the last 15 years, the search for homologues of human herpesviruses in nonhuman primates allowed the identification of numerous viruses belonging to the different herpesvirus subfamilies and genera. no simian homologue of human herpesvirus 7 (hhv7) has been reported to date. to investigate the putative existence of hhv7-like viruses in african great apes, we applied the consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers (codehop) progra ... | 2014 | 25187544 |
| all great ape species (gorilla gorilla, pan paniscus, pan troglodytes, pongo abelii) and two-and-a-half-year-old children (homo sapiens) discriminate appearance from reality. | nonhuman great apes and human children were tested for an understanding that appearance does not always correspond to reality. subjects were 29 great apes (bonobos [pan paniscus], chimpanzees [pan troglodytes], gorillas [gorilla gorilla], and orangutans [pongo abelii]) and 24 2½-year-old children. in our task, we occluded portions of 1 large and 1 small food stick such that the size relations seemed reversed. subjects could then choose which one they wanted. there was 1 control condition and 2 e ... | 2014 | 25150962 |
| nutrition of the captive western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla): a dietary survey. | the successful management of captive animals requires attention to multiple interconnected factors. one critical aspect of the daily life of a captive animal is the recommended and/or provisioned diet. this study focuses on the diets of zoo-housed gorillas. a national survey of diets among zoo-housed gorillas was conducted to examine diets being offered to captive gorillas in the united states and canada. this survey serves as a follow-up to a 1995 dietary survey of zoo-housed gorillas and goes ... | 2014 | 25130685 |
| the birth of an infant decreases group spacing in a zoo-housed lowland gorilla group (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | changes in group composition can alter the behavior of social animals such as gorillas. although gorilla births are presumed to affect group spacing patterns, there is relatively little data about how these events affect gorilla group cohesion. we investigated how members of a western lowland gorilla group (n = 6) at lincoln park zoo (chicago, il, usa) spaced themselves prior to and after the birth of an infant, to investigate changes in group cohesion. gorillas were housed in an indoor-outdoor ... | 2014 | 25130595 |
| core promoter short tandem repeats as evolutionary switch codes for primate speciation. | alteration in gene expression levels underlies many of the phenotypic differences across species. because of their highly mutable nature, proximity to the +1 transcription start site (tss), and the emerging evidence of functional impact on gene expression, core promoter short tandem repeats (strs) may be considered an ideal source of variation across species. in a genome-scale analysis of the entire homo sapiens protein-coding genes, we have previously identified core promoters with at least one ... | 2015 | 25099915 |
| characterization of enteroviruses from non-human primates in cameroon revealed virus types widespread in humans along with candidate new types and species. | enteroviruses (evs) infecting african non-human primates (nhp) are still poorly documented. this study was designed to characterize the genetic diversity of evs among captive and wild nhp in cameroon and to compare this diversity with that found in humans. stool specimens were collected in april 2008 in nhp housed in sanctuaries in yaounde and neighborhoods. moreover, stool specimens collected from wild nhp from june 2006 to october 2008 in the southern rain forest of cameroon were considered. r ... | 2014 | 25079078 |
| comparative morphology of the hominin and african ape hyoid bone, a possible marker of the evolution of speech. | this study examines the morphology of the hyoid in three closely related species, homo sapiens, pan troglodytes, and gorilla gorilla. differences and similarities between the hyoids of these species are characterized and used to interpret the morphology and affi nities of the dikika a. afarensis, kebara 2 neanderthal, and other fossil hominin hyoid bones. humans and african apes are found to have distinct hyoid morphologies. in humans the maximum width across the distal tips of the articulated g ... | 2013 | 25078953 |
| high diversity of mic genes in non-human primates. | the human mhc class i (mhc-i) chain-related genes a and b (mica and micb) encode stress-induced glycoproteins, ligands for the activating receptor nkg2d. they display an unusually high degree of polymorphism, next only to that of classical mhc-i. the functional relevance and selective pressure behind this peculiar polymorphism, which is quite distinct from that of classical mhc-i, remain largely unknown. this study increases the repertoire of allelic sequences determined for the mic genes of non ... | 2014 | 25073428 |
| the function of loud calls (hoot series) in wild western gorillas (gorilla gorilla). | the use of loud vocal signals to reduce distance among separated social partners is well documented in many species; however, the underlying mechanisms by which the reduction of spacing occurs and how they differ across species remain unclear. western gorillas (gorilla gorilla) offer an opportunity to investigate these issues because their vocal repertoire includes a loud, long-distance call (i.e., hoot series) that is potentially used in within-group communication, whereas mountain gorillas use ... | 2014 | 25059429 |
| niche partitioning in sympatric gorilla and pan from cameroon: implications for life history strategies and for reconstructing the evolution of hominin life history. | factors influencing the hominoid life histories are poorly understood, and little is known about how ecological conditions modulate the pace of their development. yet our limited understanding of these interactions underpins life history interpretations in extinct hominins. here we determined the synchronisation of dental mineralization/eruption with brain size in a 20th century museum collection of sympatric gorilla gorilla and pan troglodytes from central cameroon. using δ13c and δ15n of indiv ... | 2014 | 25054380 |
| evaluating the physiological and behavioral response of a male and female gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) during an introduction. | prolonged stress responses can lead to infertility and death; therefore monitoring respective indicators like stress-related hormones and behaviors is an important tool in ensuring the health and well-being among zoo-housed animal populations. changes in social structure, such as the introduction of a new conspecific, can be a source of stress. in april 2010, a sexually mature female western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) was brought to lincoln park zoo (lpz; chicago, il) from the chi ... | 2014 | 25042832 |
| molecular characterization, tissue expression profile and snp analysis of the porcine nr1h4 gene. | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group h, member 4 (nr1h4) is a receptor for bile acids and has an important role in regulating energy metabolism in liver, muscle and adipose tissues in humans and animals. in this study, we cloned the full coding region of nr1h4 gene from porcine longissimus dorsi by rapid amplification of cdna end (race). results indicated that the open reading frame of nr1h4 covered 1461 bp encoding 486 amino acid residues and the deduced amino acid sequence was 91-94 % identical ... | 2014 | 25034892 |
| individual distinctiveness in call types of wild western female gorillas. | individually distinct vocalizations play an important role in animal communication, allowing call recipients to respond differentially based on caller identity. however, which of the many calls in a species' repertoire should have more acoustic variability and be more recognizable is less apparent. one proposed hypothesis is that calls used over long distances should be more distinct because visual cues are not available to identify the caller. an alternative hypothesis proposes that close calls ... | 2014 | 25029238 |
| wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor. | mammals communicate socially through visual, auditory and chemical signals. the chemical sense is the oldest sense and is shared by all organisms including bacteria. despite mounting evidence for social chemo-signaling in humans, the extent to which it modulates behavior is debated and can benefit from comparative models of closely related hominoids. the use of odor cues in wild ape social communication has been only rarely explored. apart from one study on wild chimpanzee sniffing, our understa ... | 2014 | 25006973 |
| wild gorillas as a potential reservoir of leishmania major. | vector-borne parasites of the genus leishmania are responsible for severe human diseases. cutaneous leishmaniasis, a common form of the disease, is most often caused by the transmission of leishmania major to humans by female phlebotomine sand flies. apes are increasingly being seen as a source of zoonotic diseases, including malaria and rickettsiosis. to examine whether gorillas harbor leishmania species, we screened fecal samples from wild western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in c ... | 2014 | 25001460 |
| how ebola impacts social dynamics in gorillas: a multistate modelling approach. | emerging infectious diseases can induce rapid changes in population dynamics and threaten population persistence. in socially structured populations, the transfers of individuals between social units, for example, from breeding groups to non-breeding groups, shape population dynamics. we suggest that diseases may affect these crucial transfers. we aimed to determine how disturbance by an emerging disease affects demographic rates of gorillas, especially transfer rates within populations and immi ... | 2015 | 24995485 |
| first case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a gorilla gorilla. | in humans, cryptococcus mainly infects individuals with hiv infection or other types of immunosuppression. here, we report the first case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a simian immunodeficiency virus-negative 27-year-old female gorilla gorilla presenting with lethargy, progressive weight loss and productive cough. the diagnosis was confirmed by positive lung biopsy culture, serum cryptococcal antigen, and cerebral histopathology demonstrating encapsulated yeasts. molecular characterisation o ... | 2014 | 24963815 |
| sharing fruit of treculia africana among western gorillas in the moukalaba-doudou national park, gabon: preliminary report. | we report the first 18 observed cases of fruit (treculia africana) transfer among western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in moukalaba-doudou national park, gabon. the fruit transfer occurred during our observations of a habituated group of gorillas in 2010 and 2013. pieces of the fruits were transferred among adults and immatures, and three cases involved a silverback male. once an individual picked up a fallen fruit of treculia africana, other members of the group approached the pos ... | 2015 | 24962665 |
| the interpretive power of infraorbital foramen area in making dietary inferences in extant apes. | the infraorbital foramen (iof) is located below the orbit and transmits the sensory infraorbital nerve (ion) to mechanoreceptors located throughout the maxillary region. the size of the iof correlates with the size of the ion; thus, the iof appears to indicate relative touch sensitivity of maxillary region. in primates, iof size correlates well with diet. frugivores have relatively larger iofs than folivores or insectivores because fruit handling/processing requires increased touch sensitivity. ... | 2014 | 24898102 |
| great apes (pan paniscus, pan troglodytes, gorilla gorilla, pongo abelii) follow visual trails to locate hidden food. | whether nonhuman primates understand causal relations beyond mere associations is still a matter of debate. we presented all four species of nonhuman great apes (n = 36) with a choice between 2 opaque, upside down cups after displacing them out of sight from their starting positions. crucially, 1 of them had left a yogurt trail behind it. great apes spontaneously used the trail to select the yogurt baited cup. follow-up experiments demonstrated that chimpanzees distinguished trails based on the ... | 2014 | 24866009 |
| twelve-year proximity relationships in a captive group of western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the san diego wild animal park, california, usa. | proximity data were collected in a captive breeding group of gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) at the san diego wild animal park (currently called the san diego zoo safari park) twice a year (spring and fall periods) for over 12 years, by using a convenient method in which individuals less than 5 m from each animal in the group were recorded by scan sampling, approximately once per hour. immature females from infancy to young adulthood maintained relatively frequent proximity to both their moth ... | 2014 | 24838632 |
| variance in the reproductive success of dominant male mountain gorillas. | using 30 years of demographic data from 15 groups, this study estimates how harem size, female fertility, and offspring survival may contribute to variance in the siring rates of dominant male mountain gorillas throughout the virunga volcano region. as predicted for polygynous species, differences in harem size were the greatest source of variance in the siring rate, whereas differences in female fertility and offspring survival were relatively minor. harem size was positively correlated with of ... | 2014 | 24818867 |
| social environment elicits lateralized behaviors in gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). | the influence of the social environment on lateralized behaviors has now been investigated across a wide variety of animal species. new evidence suggests that the social environment can modulate behavior. currently, there is a paucity of data relating to how primates navigate their environmental space, and investigations that consider the naturalistic context of the individual are few and fragmented. moreover, there are competing theories about whether only the right or rather both cerebral hemi ... | 2014 | 24749503 |
| informing conservation management about structural versus functional connectivity: a case-study of cross river gorillas. | connectivity among subpopulations is vital for the persistence of small and fragmented populations. for management interventions to be effective conservation planners have to make the critical distinction between structural connectivity (based on landscape structure) and functional connectivity (which considers both landscape structure and organism-specific behavioral attributes) which can differ considerably within a given context. we assessed spatial and temporal changes in structural and func ... | 2014 | 24737604 |
| the effects of auditory enrichment on gorillas. | several studies have demonstrated that auditory enrichment can reduce stereotypic behaviors in captive animals. the purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of three different types of auditory enrichment-naturalistic sounds, classical music, and rock music-in reducing stereotypic behavior displayed by western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). three gorillas (one adult male, two adult females) were observed at the buffalo zoo for a total of 24 hr per music tria ... | 2014 | 24715297 |
| retroperitoneal abscesses in two western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | this report describes two cases of retroperitoneal abscesses in female western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). clinical symptoms included perivulvar discharge, lameness, hindlimb paresis, and general malaise. retroperitoneal abscesses should be considered as part of a complete differential list in female gorillas with similar clinical signs. | 2014 | 24712182 |
| the genetic population structure of wild western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) living in continuous rain forest. | to understand the evolutionary histories and conservation potential of wild animal species it is useful to assess whether taxa are genetically structured into different populations and identify the underlying factors responsible for any clustering. landscape features such as rivers may influence genetic population structure, and analysis of structure by sex can further reveal effects of sex-specific dispersal. using microsatellite genotypes obtained from noninvasively collected fecal samples we ... | 2014 | 24700547 |
| human-animal relationships in zoo-housed orangutans (p. abelii) and gorillas (g. g. gorilla): the effects of familiarity. | i examined human-animal relationships (hars) in zoo-housed orangutans (pongo abelii) and gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) to see if they followed patterns similar to conspecific relationships in great apes and humans. familiarity and social relationships guide humans' and great apes' behaviors with conspecifics. inter-individual relationships, based on shared social history, and "generalized" relationships, based on a history of interactions with relevant classes of individuals, guide behavior ... | 2014 | 24687450 |
| detection of termites and other insects consumed by african great apes using molecular fecal analysis. | the consumption of insects by apes has previously been reported based on direct observations and/or trail signs in feces. however, dna-based diet analyses may have the potential to reveal trophic links for these wild species. herein, we analyzed the insect-diet diversity of 9 feces obtained from three species of african great apes, gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and bonobo (pan paniscus), using two mitochondrial amplifications for arthropods. a total of 1056 clon ... | 2014 | 24675424 |
| malignant hypertension and retinopathy in a western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | a 34-year-old western lowland gorilla presented with peracute blindness. | 2014 | 24646309 |
| orangutans (pongo abelii) and a gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) match features in familiar and unfamiliar individuals. | great apes can perceive images as representative of corresponding real-life objects. coupled with the potential advantages of identifying specific members of one's species and mounting evidence for individual recognition in other non-humans, it seems likely that great apes would have the ability to identify conspecifics in photographs. the ability of four orangutans and a gorilla to match images of individuals of their own and a closely related but unfamiliar species was examined here for the fi ... | 2014 | 24623526 |
| ischiopagus tripus conjoined twins in a western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla). | conjoined twinning is rare in man and non-human primates. the current report describes a case of ischiopagus tripus conjoined western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla) twins. the female twins were joined at the umbilical and pelvic region, involving the liver, xiphoid, umbilicus, body wall and skin. computed tomography revealed two complete spines. the combined pelvic space was formed by two sacra, each connected with two iliac bones. the twins were only conjoined by a common pubis. cause of dea ... | 2014 | 24529511 |
| occurrence and molecular analysis of balantidium coli in mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei beringei) in the volcanoes national park, rwanda. | cysts morphologically resembling balantidium coli were identified in the feces of a mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei beringei). confirmatory pcr and sequencing revealed two distinct b. coli-specific sequences (its-1, sub-types a0 and b1). this represents the first report of b. coli in this species, raising the possibility of infection from a reservoir host. | 2013 | 24502743 |
| unusual turner syndrome mosaic with a triple x cell line (47,x/49,xxx) in a western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | a 29-yr-old female western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) was evaluated for low fertility and a midterm abortion. laboratory testing included karyotyping, which revealed an unusual mosaicism for turner syndrome with triple x (47,x/49,xxx). this appears to be the first report of turner syndrome in a great ape. in humans, turner syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 3,000 females, with half of those monosomic for the x chromosome. a small proportion is mosaic for a triple x cell line (3 ... | 2013 | 24450068 |
| evaluating echocardiogram and indirect blood pressure results in male western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) during three phases of an anesthetic protocol. | until the majority of the great ape population is trained for conscious cardiac evaluations, most individuals will require general anesthesia to perform echocardiograms. within the veterinary community, concern exists that certain anesthetic protocols may exacerbate or artificially induce signs of cardiac disease. because of potential cardiovascular effects, medetomidine has generally been used cautiously in patients with cardiac disease. the combination of ketamine and medetomidine is frequentl ... | 2013 | 24450045 |
| applying clinically proven human techniques for contraception and fertility to endangered species and zoo animals: a review. | reversible contraception that does not alter natural behavior is a critical need for managing zoo populations. in addition to reversible contraception, other fertility techniques perfected in humans may be useful, such as in vitro fertilization (ivf) or oocyte and embryo banking for endangered species like amphibians and mexican wolves (canis lupus baileyi). furthermore, the genetics of human fertility can give a better understanding of fertility in more exotic species. collaborations were estab ... | 2013 | 24437091 |
| the influence of body posture on the kinematics of prehension in humans and gorillas (gorilla gorilla). | much of our current understanding of human prehension in a comparative context is based on macaque models in a sitting, constrained body posture. in a previous study, we clearly showed differences in the amplitude of the forelimb joints between five primate species (lemur, capuchin, chimpanzee, gorilla and human) during unconstrained grasping where the animals were free to choose their body posture. one of our interrogations was to know if these differences could be due to the body posture. to a ... | 2014 | 24430026 |
| does sympathy motivate prosocial behaviour in great apes? | prosocial behaviours such as helping, comforting, or sharing are central to human social life. because they emerge early in ontogeny, it has been proposed that humans are prosocial by nature and that from early on empathy and sympathy motivate such behaviours. the emerging question is whether humans share these abilities to feel with and for someone with our closest relatives, the great apes. although several studies demonstrated that great apes help others, little is known about their underlyin ... | 2014 | 24416212 |
| ecological divergence and talar morphology in gorillas. | gorillas occupy a variety of habitats from the west coast to eastern central africa. these habitats differ considerably in altitude, which has a pronounced effect on forest ecology. although all gorillas are obligate terrestrial knuckle-walking quadrupeds, those that live in lowland habitats eat fruits and climb more often than do those living in highland habitats. here we test the hypothesis that gorilla talus morphology falls along a morphocline that tracks locomotor function related to a more ... | 2014 | 24374860 |
| niche differentiation and dietary seasonality among sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees in loango national park (gabon) revealed by stable isotope analysis. | the feeding ecology of sympatric great ape species yields valuable information for palaeodietary reconstructions in sympatric early hominin species. however, no isotopic references on sympatrically living apes and their feeding ecology are currently available. here we present the first isotopic study on sympatric great apes, namely western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) and central chimpanzees (pan troglodytes troglodytes) from loango national park, gabon. we successfully analyzed th ... | 2014 | 24373257 |
| hemorrhagic colitis associated with salmonella enterica serotype infantis infection in a captive western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in brazil. | enteric diseases are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in gorillas, and it is often caused by bacteria. | 2014 | 24359673 |
| gorilla mothers also matter! new insights on social transmission in gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in captivity. | the present paper describes two distinct behaviors relating to food processing and communication that were observed in a community of five separately housed groups of lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in captivity during two study periods one decade apart: (1) a food processing technique to separate wheat from chaff, the so-called puff-blowing technique; and (2) a male display used to attract the attention of visitors, the so-called throw-kiss-display. we investigated (a) whether the be ... | 2013 | 24312184 |
| quantity estimation and comparison in western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | we investigated the quantity judgment abilities of two adult male western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) by presenting discrimination tasks on a touch-screen computer. both gorillas chose the larger quantity of two arrays of dot stimuli. on some trials, the relative number of dots was congruent with the relative total area of the two arrays. on other trials, number of dots was incongruent with area. the gorillas were first tested with static dots, then with dots that moved within the ... | 2014 | 24271957 |
| analysis of western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) specific alu repeats. | research into great ape genomes has revealed widely divergent activity levels over time for alu elements. however, the diversity of this mobile element family in the genome of the western lowland gorilla has previously been uncharacterized. alu elements are primate-specific short interspersed elements that have been used as phylogenetic and population genetic markers for more than two decades. alu elements are present at high copy number in the genomes of all primates surveyed thus far. the aluy ... | 2013 | 24262036 |
| fatty acids in mountain gorilla diets: implications for primate nutrition and health. | little is known about the fatty acid composition of foods eaten by wild primates. a total of 18 staple foods that comprise 97% of the annual dietary intake of the mountain gorilla (gorilla beringei) were analyzed for fatty acid concentrations. fruits and herbaceous leaves comprise the majority of the diet, with fruits generally having a higher mean percentage of fat (of dry matter; dm), as measured by ether extract (ee), than herbaceous leaves (13.0% ± sd 13.0% vs. 2.3 ± sd 0.8%). the mean daily ... | 2014 | 24243235 |
| tooth cusp sharpness as a dietary correlate in great apes. | mammalian molars have undergone heavy scrutiny to determine correlates between morphology and diet. here, the relationship between one aspect of occlusal morphology, tooth cusp radius of curvature (roc), and two broad dietary categories, folivory and frugivory, is analyzed in apes. the author hypothesizes that there is a relationship between tooth cusp roc and diet, and that folivores have sharper teeth than frugivores, and further test the correlation between tooth cusp roc and tooth cusp size. ... | 2014 | 24227163 |
| bifidobacterium moukalabense sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of wild west lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | gram-staining-positive anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of a wild lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in moukalaba-doudou national park, gabon, and strain gg01(t) was taxonomically investigated. based on phylogenetic analyses and specific phenotypic characteristics, the strain belonged to the genus bifidobacterium. phylogenetic analysis of its 16s rrna gene sequence revealed that strain gg01(t) formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. based on 16 ... | 2014 | 24158945 |
| sexual dimorphism in relative sacral breadth among catarrhine primates. | as the sacrum contributes to the size and shape of the birth canal, the sexually dimorphic sacrum of humans is frequently interpreted within obstetric contexts. however, while the human sacrum has been extensively studied, comparatively little is known about sacral morphology in nonhuman primates. thus, it remains unclear whether sacral sexual dimorphism exists in other primates, and whether potential dimorphism is primarily related to obstetrics or other factors such as body size dimorphism. in ... | 2013 | 24132790 |
| ontogenetic changes in limb bone structural proportions in mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei beringei). | behavioral studies indicate that adult mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei) are the most terrestrial of all nonhuman hominoids, but that infant mountain gorillas are much more arboreal. here we examine ontogenetic changes in diaphyseal strength and length of the femur, tibia, humerus, radius, and ulna in 30 virunga mountain gorillas, including 18 immature specimens and 12 adults. comparisons are also made with 14 adult western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla), which are known to be mor ... | 2013 | 24129040 |
| monitoring ovarian cycle activity via progestagens in urine and feces of female mountain gorillas: a comparison of eia and lc-ms measurements. | understanding the reproductive biology of endangered mountain gorillas (gorilla beringei beringei) is essential for optimizing conservation strategies, determining any demographic impact of socioecological changes, and providing information for comparative studies of primates. non-invasive techniques have been used to assess the reproductive function of many primates and the importance of validating the measurements of hormones metabolites is widely recognized because they may vary even within c ... | 2014 | 24123105 |
| effective sociodemographic population assessment of elusive species in ecology and conservation management. | wildlife managers are urgently searching for improved sociodemographic population assessment methods to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented conservation activities. these need to be inexpensive, appropriate for a wide spectrum of species and straightforward to apply by local staff members with minimal training. furthermore, conservation management would benefit from single approaches which cover many aspects of population assessment beyond only density estimates, to include for instance so ... | 2013 | 24101982 |
| endowment effects in gorillas (gorilla gorilla). | reports of endowment effects in nonhuman primates have received considerable attention in the comparative literature in recent years. however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these effects. continuing to explore endowment effects across different species of primate may reveal subtle differences in behavior that can help formulate specific hypotheses about the relevant mechanisms and the social and ecological factors that have shaped them. in this study, we use a paradigm that has ... | 2013 | 24060245 |
| matching based on biological categories in orangutans (pongo abelii) and a gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | following a series of experiments in which six orangutans and one gorilla discriminated photographs of different animal species in a two-choice touch screen procedure, vonk & macdonald (2002) and vonk & macdonald (2004) concluded that orangutans, but not the gorilla, seemed to learn intermediate level category discriminations, such as primates versus non-primates, more rapidly than they learned concrete level discriminations, such as orangutans versus humans. in the current experiments, four of ... | 2013 | 24058886 |
| new evidence for diet and niche partitioning in rudapithecus and anapithecus from rudabánya, hungary. | rudabánya is rare among eurasian miocene fossil primate localities in preserving both a hominid and pliopithecoid, and as such provides the unique opportunity to reconstruct the nature of sympatry and niche partitioning in these taxa. rudapithecus and anapithecus have similar locomotor and positional behavior and overlapping body mass ranges. while prior analyses of molar occlusal anatomy and microwear identify rudapithecus as a soft-object frugivore, reconstructing the dietary behavior of anapi ... | 2013 | 24034983 |
| long-term monitoring of microsporidia, cryptosporidium and giardia infections in western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) at different stages of habituation in dzanga sangha protected areas, central african republic. | infectious diseases pose one of the greatest threats to endangered species, and a risk of gastrointestinal parasite transmission from humans to wildlife has always been considered as a major concern of tourism. increased anthropogenic impact on primate populations may result in general changes in communities of their parasites, and also in a direct exchange of parasites between humans and primates. | 2013 | 23951255 |
| bilateral asymmetry of humeral torsion and length in african apes and humans. | few studies have directly compared human and african ape upper limb skeletal asymmetries despite the potential such comparisons have for understanding the origins of functional lateralization in humans and non-human primates. here, we report the magnitude and direction of asymmetries in humeral torsion and humeral length in paired humeri of 40 gorilla gorilla, 40 pan troglodytes and 40 homo sapiens. we test whether absolute and directional asymmetries differ between measurements, species and sex ... | 2013 | 23942111 |
| variable temporoinsular cortex neuroanatomy in primates suggests a bottleneck effect in eastern gorillas. | we describe an atypical neuroanatomical feature present in several primate species that involves a fusion between the temporal lobe (often including heschl's gyrus in great apes) and the posterior dorsal insula, such that a portion of insular cortex forms an isolated pocket medial to the sylvian fissure. we assessed the frequency of this fusion in 56 primate species (including apes, old world monkeys, new world monkeys, and strepsirrhines) by using either magnetic resonance images or histologica ... | 2014 | 23939630 |
| rna-dna differences in human mitochondria restore ancestral form of 16s ribosomal rna. | rna transcripts are generally identical to the underlying dna sequences. nevertheless, rna-dna differences (rdds) were found in the nuclear human genome and in plants and animals but not in human mitochondria. here by deep sequencing of human mitochondrial dna (mtdna) and rna, we identified three rdd sites at mtdna positions 295 (c-to-u), 13710 (a-to-u, a-to-g) and 2617 (a-to-u, a-to-g). position 2617, within the 16s rrna, harbored the most prevalent rdds (more than 30% a-to-u and ~15% a-to-g of ... | 2013 | 23913925 |
| assessment of landscape-scale distribution of sympatric great apes in african rainforests: concurrent use of nest and camera-trap surveys. | information on the distribution and abundance of sympatric great apes (pan troglodytes troglodytes and gorilla gorilla gorilla) are important for effective conservation and management. although much research has been done to improve the precision of nest-surveys, trade-offs between data-reliability and research-efficiency have not been solved. in this study, we used different approaches to assess the landscape-scale distribution patterns of great apes. we conducted a conventional nest survey and ... | 2013 | 23907925 |
| manual pressure distribution patterns of knuckle-walking apes. | differences in how the hands of gorillas and chimpanzees contact the ground while knuckle walking have been noted but generally not quantified. it is widely believed that gorillas maintain a pronated arm and contact the ground with digits 2-5 consistently, while chimpanzees have variable arm position and digit contact. to further test these generalizations, distribution of pressure across the manus, peak digital pressures, and hand position were quantified using a pressure mat in eight captive c ... | 2013 | 23907752 |
| alzheimer's disease pathology in the neocortex and hippocampus of the western lowland gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | the two major histopathologic hallmarks of alzheimer's disease (ad) are amyloid beta protein (aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (nft). aβ pathology is a common feature in the aged nonhuman primate brain, whereas nft are found almost exclusively in humans. few studies have examined ad-related pathology in great apes, which are the closest phylogenetic relatives of humans. in the present study, we examined aβ and tau-like lesions in the neocortex and hippocampus of aged male and female weste ... | 2013 | 23881733 |
| postnatal temporal bone ontogeny in pan, gorilla, and homo, and the implications for temporal bone ontogeny in australopithecus afarensis. | assessments of temporal bone morphology have played an important role in taxonomic and phylogenetic evaluations of fossil taxa, and recent three-dimensional analyses of this region have supported the utility of the temporal bone for testing taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses. but while clinical analyses have examined aspects of temporal bone ontogeny in humans, the ontogeny of the temporal bone in non-human taxa is less well documented. this study examines ontogenetic allometry of the tempora ... | 2013 | 23868175 |
| male genetic structure and paternity in western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | the male dispersal patterns of western lowland gorillas (wlgs, gorilla gorilla gorilla) are not well understood. to determine whether most silverbacks stay close to their relatives, we analyzed autosomal and y-chromosomal microsatellites (strs) in wild wlgs at moukalaba, gabon. we obtained str genotypes for 38 individuals, including eight silverbacks and 12 adult females in an approximately 40 km(2) area. among them, 20 individuals were members of one identified group (group gentil; gg), includi ... | 2013 | 23868171 |
| close association between paralogous multiple isomirs and paralogous/orthologues mirna sequences implicates dominant sequence selection across various animal species. | micrornas (mirnas) are crucial negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. next-generation sequencing technologies have identified a series of mirna variants (named isomirs). in this study, paralogous isomir assemblies (from the mirna locus) were systematically analyzed based on data acquired from deep sequencing data sets. evolutionary analysis of paralogous (members in mirna gene family in a specific species) and orthologues (across different animal species) mirna ... | 2013 | 23856130 |
| enamel microwear texture properties of igf 11778 (oreopithecus bambolii) from the late miocene of baccinello, italy. | late miocene oreopithecus bambolii has been posited as a folivore from its pronounced molar shearing crests. however, scanning electron microscopy yields conflicting results with one study of oreopithecus showing folivory and another indicating a coarser diet was consumed. to address this debate, the dietary proclivities of the well-known igf 11778 oreopithecus bambolii specimen are reconstructed by comparing the enamel texture properties of this specimen to extant alouatta palliata (n = 11), ce ... | 2013 | 23833018 |
| a genome-wide survey of genetic variation in gorillas using reduced representation sequencing. | all non-human great apes are endangered in the wild, and it is therefore important to gain an understanding of their demography and genetic diversity. whole genome assembly projects have provided an invaluable foundation for understanding genetics in all four genera, but to date genetic studies of multiple individuals within great ape species have largely been confined to mitochondrial dna and a small number of other loci. here, we present a genome-wide survey of genetic variation in gorillas us ... | 2013 | 23750230 |
| observational monitoring of clinical signs during the last stage of habituation in a wild western gorilla group at bai hokou, central african republic. | anthropozoonotic disease transmission to great apes is a critical conservation concern, and has raised ethical doubts regarding ape habituation. we monitored over a 3-year period clinical signs within a group of wild western gorillas (g. gorilla) undergoing habituation at bai hokou, central african republic. the majority of observations consisted of singular coughs and sneezes among the gorillas. these were the only clinical signs that significantly and positively increased over the years. no ch ... | 2013 | 23736676 |
| plant selection for nest building by western lowland gorillas in cameroon. | we examined 834 nests built by western lowland gorillas in cameroon between july 2008 and july 2011 to identify the plant species used in their construction. preference for each plant species for nesting was assessed using a 'preference index' calculated by combining information on the occurrence of each species in the forest and in the nests. forty-six plant species representing about 15 % of the total number of species in the forest and 26 % of species used for nest building were frequently us ... | 2014 | 23732768 |
| food washing and placer mining in captive great apes. | sweet potato washing and wheat placer mining in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) are among the most well known examples of local traditions in non-human animals. the functions of these behaviors and the mechanisms of acquisition and spread of these behaviors have been debated frequently. prompted by animal caretaker reports that great apes [chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), bonobos (pan paniscus), gorillas (gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (pongo abelii)] at leipzig zoo occasionally wash their fo ... | 2013 | 23665925 |
| bushmeat hunting changes regeneration of african rainforests. | to assess ecological consequences of bushmeat hunting in african lowland rainforests, we compared paired sites, with high and low hunting pressure, in three areas of southeastern nigeria. in hunted sites, populations of important seed dispersers-both small and large primates (including the cross river gorilla, gorilla gorilla diehli)-were drastically reduced. large rodents were more abundant in hunted sites, even though they are hunted. hunted and protected sites had similar mature tree communit ... | 2013 | 23516245 |
| distribution of a community of mammals in relation to roads and other human disturbances in gabon, central africa. | we present the first community-level study of the associations of both roads and other human disturbances with the distribution of mammals in gabon (central africa). our study site was in an oil concession within a littoral mosaic landscape. we conducted surveys along 199 line transects and installed camera traps on 99 of these transects to document mammal presence and abundance. we used generalized linear mixed-effect models to document associations between variables related to the ecosystem (l ... | 2013 | 23410077 |
| genetic diversity of north american captive-born gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) are designated as critically endangered and wild populations are dramatically declining as a result of habitat destruction, fragmentation, diseases (e.g., ebola) and the illegal bushmeat trade. as wild populations continue to decline, the genetic management of the north american captive western lowland gorilla population will be an important component of the long-term conservation of the species. we genotyped 26 individuals from the north americ ... | 2012 | 23403930 |
| human-associated staphylococcus aureus strains within great ape populations in central africa (gabon). | the risk of serious infections caused by staphylococcus aureus is well-known. however, most studies regarding the distribution of (clinically relevant) s. aureus among humans and animals took place in the western hemisphere and only limited data are available from (central) africa. in this context, recent studies focused on s. aureus strains in humans and primates, but the question of whether humans and monkeys share related s. aureus strains or may interchange strains remained largely unsolved. ... | 2012 | 23398468 |
| the cross river gorillas (gorilla gorilla diehli) at mawambi hills, south-west cameroon: habitat suitability and vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance. | only about 300 individuals of the cross river gorilla (crg; gorilla gorilla diehli) survive today. the subspecies is endemic to approximately 12-14 sites at the cameroon-nigeria border, and is critically endangered. to understand survival prospects of the crg at mawambi hills, cameroon, a maximum entropy (maxent) distribution model was used to predict the distribution of gorillas. overall, 24% of the study area was predicted to be suitable for gorillas. the most important predictors of gorilla d ... | 2013 | 23307035 |