Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| trait variation and trait stability in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) inhabiting ecologically distinct habitats in northeastern brazil. | understanding the set of factors that promote and constrain a species' ability to exploit ecologically distinct habitats is central for addressing questions of intraspecific variability in behavior and morphology. in this study, we compared newly collected data with published data on body measurements, group size and composition, daily path length, home range, and reproductive output in wild common marmosets naturally inhabiting two contrasting environments in northeastern brazil: the atlantic f ... | 2019 | 31192487 |
| bifidobacterium jacchi sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of a baby common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a novel bifidobacterium strain, mrm 9.3t, was isolated from a faecal sample of a baby common marmoset (callithrixjacchus). cells were gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, non-haemolytic, facultatively anaerobic and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna genes as well as multilocus sequences (representing hsp60, rpob, clpc, dnaj and dnag genes) and the core genomes revealed that strain mrm 9.3t exhibited phylogenetic relatedness to bifi ... | 2019 | 31180316 |
| establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from common marmoset fibroblasts by rna-based reprogramming. | the common marmoset (marmoset; callithrix jacchus) shows anatomical and physiological features that are in common with humans. establishing induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) from marmosets holds promise for enhancing the utility of the animal model for biomedical and preclinical studies. however, in spite of the presence of some previous reports on marmoset ipscs, the reprogramming technology in marmosets is still under development. in particular, the efficacy of rna-based reprogramming has ... | 2019 | 31178141 |
| tau isoform expression and phosphorylation in marmoset brains. | tau is a microtubule-associated protein expressed in neuronal axons. hyperphosphorylated tau is a major component of neurofibrillary tangles, a pathological hallmark of alzheimer's disease (ad). hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates are also found in many neurodegenerative diseases, collectively referred to as "tauopathies," and tau mutations are associated with familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ftld). previous studies have generated transgenic mice with mutant tau as tauopathy models, bu ... | 2019 | 31171723 |
| age-related distribution and potential role of sncb in topographically different retinal areas of the common marmoset callithrix jacchus, including the macula. | evidence of an age-related increase of β-synuclein (sncb) in several parts of the visual system including the retina has been reported. sncb is thought to function as an antagonist of α-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases, but the exact role of sncb remains unclear. the presented work studies two different aspects of the onset and role of sncb in the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe). first, the topographical and intracellular distributions of sncb in the rpe of non-human marmoset monkey (cal ... | 2019 | 31128101 |
| colonic inflammation affects myenteric alpha-synuclein in nonhuman primates. | background: parkinson's disease (pd) patients frequently present gastrointestinal (gi) dysfunction that, in many cases, predates the onset of motor symptoms. in pd, the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) undergoes pathological changes, including phosphorylation and aggregation leading to the formation of lewy bodies, which can be found in neurons of the enteric nervous system (ens). inflammation has been proposed as a possible trigger of α-syn pathology. interestingly, patients with inf ... | 2019 | 31123415 |
| histamine release from intestinal mast cells induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) evokes vomiting reflex in common marmoset. | staphylococcal enterotoxins (ses) produced by staphylococcus aureus are known as causative agents of emetic food poisoning. we previously demonstrated that sea binds with submucosal mast cells and evokes mast cell degranulation in a small emetic house musk shrew model. notably, primates have been recognized as the standard model for emetic assays and analysis of se emetic activity. however, the mechanism involved in sea-induced vomiting in primates has not yet been elucidated. in the present stu ... | 2019 | 31112582 |
| highly efficient induction of primate ips cells by combining rna transfection and chemical compounds. | induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine and the treatment of various diseases. before proceeding to clinical trials, it is important to test the efficacy and safety of ips cell-based treatments using experimental animals. the common marmoset is a new world monkey widely used in biomedical studies. however, efficient methods that could generate ips cells from a variety of cells have not been established. here, we report that marmoset cells are efficiently ... | 2019 | 31099158 |
| [cell-type-specific targeting strategies for elucidating neural circuits and pathophysiological mechanisms in the marmoset brain]. | as a primate animal model for neuroscience research, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) provides an unprecedented opportunity to gain a better understanding of the human brain function and pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders, thereby helping in the diagnosis and treatment of those disorders. the marmoset is particularly useful in studying the neural mechanisms underlying social behavior, as their prosocial behavior and visual and vocal communication systems are well-d ... | 2019 | 31092753 |
| revised recommendations for health monitoring of non-human primate colonies (2018): felasa working group report. | the genetic and biological similarity between non-human primates and humans has ensured the continued use of primates in biomedical research where other species cannot be used. health-monitoring programmes for non-human primates provide an approach to monitor and control both endemic and incoming agents that may cause zoonotic and anthroponotic disease or interfere with research outcomes. in 1999 felasa recommendations were published which aimed to provide a harmonized approach to health monitor ... | 2019 | 31068070 |
| effect of luminosity on color discrimination of dichromatic marmosets (callithrix jacchus): erratum. | we present an erratum to correct an unintentional unit conversion error in our paper, j. opt. soc. am. a 29, a216 (2012), and to update tables 1 and 2. here we publish the revised versions of tables 1 and 2. | 2019 | 31044968 |
| phascolarctobacterium wakonense sp. nov., isolated from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) faeces. | two strictly anaerobic strains (mb11t and mb56) were isolated from common marmoset (callithrixjacchus) faeces. cells of the two strains were gram-stain-negative, pleomorphic short (strain mb11t) or long (strain mb56) rods. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that both isolates were related to the genus phascolarctobacterium. they had 16s rrna gene sequences similarities lower than 93 % to previously described species, phascolarctobacterium faecium acm 3679t and phasco ... | 2019 | 31038451 |
| anatomical and functional investigation of the marmoset default mode network. | the default mode network (dmn) is associated with a wide range of brain functions. in humans, the dmn is marked by strong functional connectivity among three core regions: medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc), posterior parietal cortex (ppc), and the medial parietal and posterior cingulate cortex (pcc). neuroimaging studies have shown that the dmn also exists in non-human primates, suggesting that it may be a conserved feature of the primate brain. here, we found that, in common marmosets, the dorsol ... | 2019 | 31036814 |
| common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) evaluate third-party social interactions of human actors but japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) do not. | reciprocity and cooperation are fundamental to human society and are observed in nonhuman primates. primates are not only sensitive to direct reciprocity and its violation but also indirect reciprocity. recent studies demonstrated that some primate species adjusted their behavior by observing others' interactions. capuchin, marmoset, and squirrel monkeys avoided taking food from human actors who behaved nonreciprocally; however, no such empirical evidence among old world monkeys is available. he ... | 2019 | 31021114 |
| long-term stability of neural signals from microwire arrays implanted in common marmoset motor cortex and striatum. | current neuroprosthetics rely on stable, high quality recordings from chronically implanted microelectrode arrays (meas) in neural tissue. while chronic electrophysiological recordings and electrode failure modes have been reported from rodent and larger non-human primate (nhp) models, chronic recordings from the marmoset model have not been previously described. the common marmoset is a new world primate that is easier to breed and handle compared to larger nhps and has a similarly organized br ... | 2018 | 31011432 |
| common marmosets are sensitive to simple dependencies at variable distances in an artificial grammar. | recognizing that two elements within a sequence of variable length depend on each other is a key ability in understanding the structure of language and music. perception of such interdependencies has previously been documented in chimpanzees in the visual domain and in human infants and common squirrel monkeys with auditory playback experiments, but it remains unclear whether it typifies primates in general. here, we investigated the ability of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to recognize ... | 2019 | 31007503 |
| food sharing patterns in three species of callitrichid monkeys (callithrix jacchus, leontopithecus chrysomelas, saguinus midas): individual and species differences. | food sharing (fs) in cooperatively breeding callitrichids is unusual among nonhuman primates because they regularly share significant amounts of preferred food with immatures and engage in proactive fs. however, it is still unclear which classes of individuals (males or females, breeders or helpers) engage most in fs, and whether differences exist among callitrichid species. in the first part of this study, we characterized general fs patterns in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). we found s ... | 2019 | 30985161 |
| cyto- and myelo-architecture of the amygdaloid complex of the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the amygdaloid complex (ac) is a heterogeneous aggregate of nuclei located in the rostromedial region of the temporal lobe. in addition to being partly connected among themselves, the ac nuclei are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, striatum, basal forebrain, hypothalamus and brainstem. animal and human functional studies have established that the ac is a central hub of the neuronal networks supporting emotional responsivity, particularly its negative/aversive components. dysfunct ... | 2019 | 30971903 |
| in vivo localization of cortical areas using a 3d computerized atlas of the marmoset brain. | we created a volumetric template of the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) brain, which enables localization of the cortical areas defined in the paxinos et al. (the marmoset brain in stereotaxic coordinates. elsevier academic press, cambridge, 2012) marmoset brain atlas, as well as seven broader cortical regions (occipital, temporal, parietal, prefrontal, motor, limbic, insular), different brain compartments (white matter, gray matter, cerebro-spinal fluid including ventricular spaces), and various ... | 2019 | 30963231 |
| abnormal axon guidance signals and reduced interhemispheric connection via anterior commissure in neonates of marmoset asd model. | in autism spectrum disorder (asd), disrupted functional and structural connectivity in the social brain has been suggested as the core biological mechanism underlying the social recognition deficits of this neurodevelopmental disorder. in this study, we aimed to identify genetic and neurostructural abnormalities at birth in a non-human primate model of asd, the common marmoset with maternal exposure to valproic acid (vpa), which has been reported to display social recognition deficit in adulthoo ... | 2019 | 30953832 |
| marmodetector: a novel 3d automated system for the quantitative assessment of marmoset behavior. | callithrix jacchus, generally known as the common marmoset, has recently garnered interest as an experimental primate model for better understanding the basis of human social behavior, architecture and function. modelling human neurological and psychological diseases in marmosets can enhance the knowledge obtained from rodent research for future pre-clinical studies. hence, comprehensive and quantitative assessments of marmoset behaviors are crucial. however, systems for monitoring and analyzing ... | 2019 | 30946879 |
| weighting neurons by selectivity produces near-optimal population codes. | perception is produced by "reading out" the representation of a sensory stimulus contained in the activity of a population of neurons. to examine experimentally how populations code information, a common approach is to decode a linearly weighted sum of the neurons' spike counts. this approach is popular because of the biological plausibility of weighted, nonlinear integration. for neurons recorded in vivo, weights are highly variable when derived through optimization methods, but it is unclear h ... | 2019 | 30917063 |
| serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with chronic lymphocytic enteritis. | serum cobalamin and folate concentrations can serve as surrogate markers of gastrointestinal disease in dogs and cats, where they can have diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly chronic lymphocytic enteritis (cle), occurs frequently in captive common marmosets. the aims of this study were to validate a commercially available assay for measuring serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in common marmosets, to establish re ... | 2019 | 30902119 |
| atresia ani with imperforate anus in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | in november 2015, an 83-d-old juvenile male common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in good body condition was found dead in his family cage with no previous premonitory signs. necropsy revealed a gas-distended abdomen, feces-distended large bowel, and a full-thickness distal colonic perforation resulting in fecal peritonitis. the distal colon ended in a blind pouch at 7 mm prior to the expected anal opening, consistent with atresia ani. here we present this case, briefly discuss the human and vete ... | 2019 | 30902118 |
| does opportunistic testing bias cognitive performance in primates? learning from drop-outs. | dropouts are a common issue in cognitive tests with non-human primates. one main reason for dropouts is that researchers often face a trade-off between obtaining a sufficiently large sample size and logistic restrictions, such as limited access to testing facilities. the commonly-used opportunistic testing approach deals with this trade-off by only testing those individuals who readily participate and complete the cognitive tasks within a given time frame. all other individuals are excluded from ... | 2019 | 30893340 |
| amplification dynamics of platy-1 retrotransposons in the cebidae platyrrhine lineage. | platy-1 elements are platyrrhine-specific, short interspersed elements originally discovered in the callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome. to date, only the marmoset genome has been analyzed for platy-1 repeat content. here, we report full-length platy-1 insertions in other new world monkey (nwm) genomes (saimiri boliviensis, squirrel monkey; cebus imitator, capuchin monkey; and aotus nancymaae, owl monkey) and analyze the amplification dynamics of lineage-specific platy-1 insertions. a re ... | 2019 | 30888417 |
| integrated radiofrequency array and animal holder design for minimizing head motion during awake marmoset functional magnetic resonance imaging. | marmosets are small new world primates that are posited to become an important preclinical animal model for studying intractable human brain diseases. a critical step in the development of marmosets as a viable model for human brain dysfunction is to characterize brain networks that are homologous with human network topologies. in this regard, the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) holds tremendous potential for functional brain mapping in marmosets. although possible, implement ... | 2019 | 30879997 |
| expression of transcripts in marmoset oocytes retrieved during follicle isolation without gonadotropin induction. | the in vitro maturation of oocytes is frequently used as an assisted reproductive technique (art), and has been successfully established in humans and rodents. to overcome the limitations of art, novel procedures for the in vitro maturation of early follicles are emerging. during the follicle isolation procedure, the unintended rupture of each follicle leads to a release of extra oocytes. such oocytes, which are obtained during follicle isolation from marmosets, can be used for early maturation ... | 2019 | 30845640 |
| a note on retrograde gene transfer efficiency and inflammatory response of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with fug-e vs. fug-b2 glycoproteins. | pseudotyped lentiviral vectors give access to pathway-selective gene manipulation via retrograde transfer. two types of such lentiviral vectors have been developed. one is the so-called neuret vector pseudotyped with fusion glycoprotein type e, which preferentially transduces neurons. the other is the so-called hiret vector pseudotyped with fusion glycoprotein type b2, which permits gene transfer into both neurons and glial cells at the injection site. although these vectors have been applied in ... | 2019 | 30837514 |
| c-jun expression after cerebral hyperstimulation differs between rats and marmosets. | immediate early genes (iegs) are a fundamental element in the way we respond and adapt to a variety of stimuli. we have recently reported that ieg response, as measured by c-fos expression, is different between rodents and primates. here, we further extend this analysis by assessing the expression of c-jun, one of the main complements of c-fos, under the same stimulation protocol. for this, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of c-jun (and compared with that previously shown for c ... | 2019 | 30825347 |
| application of hepatocyte growth factor for acute spinal cord injury: the road from basic studies to human treatment. | hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) was first identified as a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes, and has also gained attention as a strong neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system. we found that during the acute phase of spinal cord injury (sci) in rats, c-met, the specific receptor for hgf, increases sharply, while the endogenous hgf up-regulation is relatively weak. introducing exogenous hgf into the spinal cord by injecting an hgf-expressing viral vector significantly increased the ne ... | 2019 | 30823442 |
| balancing contest competition, scramble competition, and social tolerance at feeding sites in wild common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | models of primate sociality focus on the costs and benefits of group living and how factors such as rank, feeding competition, alliance formation, and cooperative behavior shape within-group social relationships. we conducted a series of controlled field experiments designed to investigate how resource distribution (one or three of four reward platforms) and amount of food on a reward platform affected foraging strategies and individual feeding success in four groups of wild common marmosets (ca ... | 2019 | 30810248 |
| detection of insect prey by wild common marmosets: the effect of color vision. | most species of new world primates have an unusual color vision pattern that can affect an individual's ability to detect food. whereas males can only be dichromatic, females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. trichromats are expected to have an advantage in detecting conspicuous food whereas dichromats should be better at locating cryptic resources. here we aimed to understand how color vision phenotype influences insect foraging by five groups of common marmosets living in a semiarid e ... | 2019 | 30809840 |
| fecal concentrations of n-methylhistamine in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | chronic lymphocytic enteritis (cle) is a frequent disease in common marmosets. however, no diagnostic test for early detection of cle is available. mast cells have an important role in gastrointestinal disease. the purpose of this study was to measure fecal concentrations of n-methylhistamine (nmh), a breakdown product of histamine metabolism, in common marmosets. a previously established nmh gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for canine feces and urine was used, and partial validation w ... | 2019 | 30803469 |
| development and analytic validation of a sandwich elisa for the measurement of α1-proteinase inhibitor concentrations in serum and feces of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | objective to develop and validate a sandwich elisa for the measurement of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-pi) concentrations in serum and fecal samples obtained from common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). sample leftover serum (n = 42) and fecal (23) samples submitted for diagnostic testing; paired serum and fecal samples obtained from 30 common marmosets at 2 research colonies. procedures a sandwich elisa was developed and analytically validated by determining the lower limit of detection, linearit ... | 2019 | 30801206 |
| loss of ferritin-positive microglia relates to increased iron, rna oxidation, and dystrophic microglia in the brains of aged male marmosets. | microglia are cells that protect brain tissue from invading agents and toxic substances, first by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thereafter by clearing tissue by phagocytosis. microglia express ferritin, a protein with ferroxidase activity capable of storing iron, a metal that accumulates in brain during aging. increasing evidence suggests that ferritin plays an important role in inflammation. however, it is not known if ferritin/iron content can be related to the activation state of ... | 2019 | 30779205 |
| necroptosis in primate luteolysis: a role for ceramide. | the corpus luteum (cl) is a transient endocrine organ, yet molecular mechanisms resulting in its demise are not well known. the presence of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase pmlkl(t357/s358) in human and nonhuman primate cl samples (macaca mulatta and callithrix jacchus) implied that necroptosis of luteal cells may be involved. in m. mulatta cl, pmlkl positive staining became detectable only from the mid-late luteal phase onwards, pointing to necroptosis during regress ... | 2019 | 30774995 |
| chronic implantation of whole-cortical electrocorticographic array in the common marmoset. | electrocorticography (ecog) allows the monitoring of electrical field potentials from the cerebral cortex with high spatiotemporal resolution. recent development of thin, flexible ecog electrodes has enabled conduction of stable recordings of large-scale cortical activity. we have developed a whole-cortical ecog array for the common marmoset. the array continuously covers almost the entire lateral surface of cortical hemisphere, from the occipital pole to the temporal and frontal poles, and it c ... | 2019 | 30774127 |
| complete spermatogenesis in intratesticular testis tissue xenotransplants from immature non-human primate. | can full spermatogenesis be achieved after xenotransplantation of prepubertal primate testis tissue to the mouse, in testis or subcutaneously? | 2019 | 30753464 |
| characterization of oral microbiota in marmosets: feasibility of using the marmoset as a human oral disease model. | with rapid aging of the world's population, the demand for research, for a better understanding of aging and aging-related disorders, is increasing. ideally, such research should be conducted on human subjects. however, due to ethical considerations, animals such as rodents and monkeys are used as alternatives. among these alternative models, non-human primates are preferred because of their similarities with humans. the small south american common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) may offer several ... | 2019 | 30730898 |
| the spectrum of spinal cord lesions in a primate model of multiple sclerosis. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in the common marmoset is a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis (ms) that shares numerous clinical, radiological, and pathological features with ms. among the clinical features are motor and sensory deficits that are highly suggestive of spinal cord (sc) damage. | 2020 | 30730246 |
| robust and efficient knock-in in embryonic stem cells and early-stage embryos of the common marmoset using the crispr-cas9 system. | genome editing technology greatly facilitates the genetic modification of various cells and animals. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small non-human primate which exhibits high reproductive efficiency, is a widely used animal model in biomedical research. developing genome editing techniques in the common marmoset will further enhance its utility. here, we report the successful establishment of a knock-in (ki) method for marmoset embryonic stem cells (escs), which is based on the cri ... | 2019 | 30728412 |
| mr imaging properties of ex vivo common marmoset brain after formaldehyde fixation. | ex vivo brains have different mri properties than in vivo brains because of chemical changes caused by fixative solutions, which change the signal intensity and/or tissue contrast on mr images. in this study, we investigated and compared the mri properties of in vivo and ex vivo brains. | 2019 | 30726800 |
| marmosets as a translational aging model-introduction. | the life history of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) points to this species as a premiere nonhuman primate aging model. in order to take advantage of these features, we require an expanded and refined understanding of aging in this species. the papers in this special issue move this field forward substantially by providing exciting new findings about the aging of the common marmoset and the potential this species offers for revealing aging's secrets and improving the lives of aging human ... | 2019 | 30725472 |
| a high-throughput neurohistological pipeline for brain-wide mesoscale connectivity mapping of the common marmoset. | understanding the connectivity architecture of entire vertebrate brains is a fundamental but difficult task. here we present an integrated neuro-histological pipeline as well as a grid-based tracer injection strategy for systematic mesoscale connectivity mapping in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). individual brains are sectioned into ~1700 20 µm sections using the tape transfer technique, permitting high quality 3d reconstruction of a series of histochemical stains (nissl, myelin) inter ... | 2019 | 30720427 |
| auditory sequence perception in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | one of the essential linguistic and musical faculties of humans is the ability to recognize the structure of sound configurations and to extract words and melodies from continuous sound sequences. however, monkeys' ability to process the temporal structure of sounds is controversial. here, to investigate whether monkeys can analyze the temporal structure of auditory patterns, two common marmosets were trained to discriminate auditory patterns in three experiments. in experiment 1, the marmosets ... | 2019 | 30716383 |
| assessment of the parameters of adaptive cell-mediated immunity in naïve common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets are small new world primates that have been increasingly used in biomedical research. this report presents efficient protocols for assessment of the parameters of adaptive cell-mediated immunity in common marmosets, including the major subpopulations of lymphocytes and main markers of t- and b-cell maturation and activation using flow cytometry with a multicolor panel of fluorescently labelled antibodies. blood samples from eight common marmosets were stained with fluorescently ... | 2020 | 30713763 |
| sibling sex, but not androgens, shapes phenotypes in perinatal common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | when offspring share a womb, interactions among fetuses can impart lasting impressions on phenotypic outcomes. such intrauterine interactions often are mediated by sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) produced by the developing fetuses. in many mammals, intrauterine interactions between brothers and sisters lead to masculinization of females, which can induce fitness consequences. many litter-bearing primates, though, seem to escape androgen-mediated litter effects, begging why? here, we inves ... | 2019 | 30705381 |
| prophylactic efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody against mers-cov in the common marmoset. | effective antiviral treatments for mers-cov are urgently needed. lca60 is a mers-cov-neutralizing monoclonal antibody isolated from a convalescent mers patient. previously, it was shown that treatment with lca60 resulted in reduced disease and virus titers in mouse models of mers-cov infection. here, we tested the prophylactic efficacy of lca60 in the common marmoset model of mers-cov infection. intravenous administration of lca60 one day before virus challenge resulted in high levels of mers-co ... | 2019 | 30684561 |
| prehensile kinematics of the marmoset monkey: implications for the evolution of visually-guided behaviors. | throughout the primate lineage, there is a wide diversity of prehensile capacity that is thought to stem from individual species foraging patterns. while many studies have explored primates with precise hand grips, such as higher apes, few have considered primates that lack opposition movements. the new world marmoset monkey occupies an intriguing niche, displaying adept control of their hand movements yet their absence of opposable digits results in relatively imprecise grasping actions when co ... | 2019 | 30680739 |
| astrocytic response to acutely- and chronically-implanted microelectrode arrays in the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) brain. | microelectrode implants are an important tool in neuroscience research and in developing brain⁻machine interfaces. data from rodents have consistently shown that astrocytes are recruited to the area surrounding implants, forming a glial scar that increases electrode impedance and reduces chronic utility. however, studies in non-human primates are scarce, with none to date in marmosets. we used glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) immunostaining to characterize the acute and chronic response of ... | 2019 | 30678038 |
| high expression of acidic chitinase and chitin digestibility in the stomach of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), an insectivorous nonhuman primate. | chitin is a polymer of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) and a main constituent of insects' exoskeleton. insects are rich in protein with high energy conversion efficiency. recently, we have reported that acidic chitinases (chia) act as digestive enzymes in mouse, pig and chicken (omnivorous) but not in dog (carnivorous) and bovine (herbivorous), indicating that feeding behavior affects chia expression levels, and determines chitin digestibility in the particular animals. common marmoset (callithr ... | 2019 | 30655565 |
| alpha oscillations modulate preparatory activity in marmoset area 8ad. | cognitive control often requires suppression of prepotent stimulus-driven responses in favor of less potent alternatives. suppression of prepotent saccades has been shown to require proactive inhibition in the frontoparietal saccade network. electrophysiological evidence in macaque monkeys has revealed neural correlates of such inhibition in this network; however, the interlaminar instantiation of inhibitory processes remains poorly understood because these areas lie deep within sulci in macaque ... | 2019 | 30651331 |
| [translational behavioral research using common marmosets in the psychiatric field]. | the drug discovery activities for novel compounds with the superior efficacies to current drugs have been largely unsuccessful in the psychiatric field. one of the main reasons is the lack of appropriate behavioral assays and animal models for psychiatric disorders. since the prefrontal cortex has great roles in their pathophysiology, non-human primate common marmosets with the well-developed prefrontal cortex would be useful as experimental animals in the future translational research. to measu ... | 2019 | 30643089 |
| age-related changes in myelin of axons of the corpus callosum and cognitive decline in common marmosets. | executive control is a higher-level cognitive function that involves a range of different processes that are involved in the planning, coordination, execution, and inhibition of responses. many of the processes associated with executive control, such as response inhibition and mental flexibility, decline with age. degeneration of white matter architecture is considered to be the one of the key factors underlying cognitive decline associated with aging. here we investigated how white matter chang ... | 2019 | 30620098 |
| a specialized method to resolve fine 3d features of astrocytes in nonhuman primate (marmoset, callithrix jacchus) and human fixed brain samples. | astrocytes are among the most numerous cells in the brain and fulfill diverse functions in homeostasis and regulation of neuronal activity. astrocytes also dramatically change their properties in response to brain injury or disease, a process called reactive gliosis. precisely how astrocytes contribute to healthy brain function and play differential roles in brain pathology and regeneration remain important areas of investigation. to better understand the properties of astrocytes, more sophistic ... | 2019 | 30617974 |
| use of nonhuman primates for the development of bioengineered female reproductive organs. | nonhuman primates (nhps) have been widely used in reproductive biology, neuroscience, and drug development since a number of primate species are phylogenetically close to humans. in this review, we summarize the use of nhps for nonclinical application in the reproductive system disorders including the loss or failure of an organ or tissue. causes of infertility include congenital aplasia and acquired disorders of the reproductive organs. in addition, anti-cancer treatments can deplete ovarian fo ... | 2016 | 30603414 |
| behavior, pet and histology in novel regimen of mptp marmoset model of parkinson's disease for long-term stem cell therapy. | stem cell technologies are particularly attractive in parkinson's disease (pd) research although they occasionally need long-term treatment for anti-parkinsonian activity. unfortunately, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) widely used as a model for pd has several limitations, including the risk of dose-dependent mortality and the difficulty of maintenance of pd symptoms during the whole experiment period. therefore, we tested if our novel mptp regimen protocol (2 mg/kg for 2 con ... | 2016 | 30603390 |
| adverse effects of aromatase inhibition on the brain and behavior in a nonhuman primate. | breast cancer patients using aromatase inhibitors (ais) as an adjuvant therapy often report side effects, including hot flashes, mood changes, and cognitive impairment. despite long-term use in humans, little is known about the effects of continuous ai administration on the brain and cognition. we used a primate model of human cognitive aging, the common marmoset, to examine the effects of a 4-week daily administration of the ai letrozole (20 μg, p.o.) on cognition, anxiety, thermoregulation, br ... | 2019 | 30587540 |
| the metabolome as a biomarker of mortality risk in the common marmoset. | recently, the common marmoset has been proposed as a non-human primate model of aging. their short lifespan coupled with pathologies that are similar to humans make them an ideal model to understand the genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors that influence aging and longevity. however, many of the underlying physiological changes that occur with age in the marmoset are unknown. here, we attempt to determine if individual metabolites are predictive of future death and to recapitulate past ... | 2019 | 30585652 |
| dental signatures for exudativory in living primates, with comparisons to other gouging mammals. | exudativory, the consumption of gums, is an obligate or a facultative dietary niche for some primates and marsupials. exudativory has been cited as a dietary niche that may have been present in early primates, so finding a dental signature for exudativory is highly desirable. the present study combines exudativorous lorisoids (galagos and lorises) into one sample to compare to closely related, non-exudativorous lorisoids to search for a consistent dental signature of exudativory. linear measurem ... | 2020 | 30548805 |
| chimaeric and constitutive dna fingerprints in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | marmosets normally produce dizygotic twins sharing placental blood vessels and exchanging bone marrow cells. each individual is therefore likely to be a blood chimaera. to date, marmosets had only been dna fingerprinted using blood samples and probes 33.6 and 33.15, resulting in highly similar fingerprints among litter mates and little variation between other individuals, thereby limiting this method's use for individual identification and parentage testing. in this study, novel probes were appl ... | 2000 | 30545191 |
| daily water intake by common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and recommendations regarding fluid regulation. | the typical daily water intake of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) in a research setting has not been well characterized. because these new world primates are in demand as animal models for neurobehavioral experiments, which can include the potential use of fluid regulation for training, veterinary and research staff need to understand how marmosets keep hydrated under normal circumstances. in the current study, we measured the water consumption of older (age, 5 to 12 y; n = 11) and younger ... | 2019 | 30538006 |
| intrinsic functional boundaries of lateral frontal cortex in the common marmoset monkey. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small new world primate species that has been recently targeted as a potentially powerful preclinical model of human prefrontal cortex dysfunction. although the structural boundaries of frontal cortex were described in marmosets at the start of the 20th century (brodmann, 1909) and refined more recently (paxinos et al., 2012), the broad functional boundaries of marmoset frontal cortex have yet to be established. in this study, we sought to functional ... | 2019 | 30530862 |
| attenuation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a common marmoset model by dendritic cell-modulating anti-icam-1 antibody, md-3. | md-3 is a novel anti-human icam-1 monoclonal antibody that induces t cell tolerance in humanized mice via modulation of dendritic cell differentiation and efficiently suppresses the development of collagen-induced arthritis. this effect has also been observed in xenograft rejection in nonhuman primates, where grafts survived for more than 2.5 years following md-3 administration. here, we show that md-3 can attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) that was induced in common marmo ... | 2019 | 30488167 |
| on the enigma of the human neurenteric canal. | existence and biomedical relevance of the neurenteric canal, a transient midline structure during early neurulation in the human embryo, have been controversially discussed for more than a century by embryologists and clinicians alike. in this study, the authors address the long-standing enigma by high-resolution histology and three-dimensional reconstruction using new and historic histological sections of 5 human 17- to 21-day-old embryos and of 2 marmoset monkey embryos of the species callithr ... | 2018 | 30481762 |
| multimodal assessments of zika virus immune pathophysiological responses in marmosets. | animal models that recapitulate the human pathophysiology have been developed as useful research tools. although laboratory mice are widely used, they are phylogenetically "distant" to humans. new world monkeys, such as the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) have steadily gained prominence. in this report, marmosets are explored as an alternate in vivo model to investigate infection and immunity of zika virus (zikv). multimodal platforms, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (mr ... | 2018 | 30459473 |
| axonal projections from the middle temporal area in the common marmoset. | neural activity in the middle temporal (mt) area is modulated by the direction and speed of motion of visual stimuli. the area is buried in a sulcus in the macaque, but exposed to the cortical surface in the marmoset, making the marmoset an ideal animal model for studying mt function. to better understand the details of the roles of this area in cognition, underlying anatomical connections need to be clarified. because most anatomical tracing studies in marmosets have used retrograde tracers, th ... | 2018 | 30425625 |
| intrinsic functional clustering of anterior cingulate cortex in the common marmoset. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has garnered recent attention as a potentially powerful preclinical model and complement to other canonical mammalian models of human brain diseases (e.g., rodents and old world non-human primates). with a granular frontal cortex and the advent of transgenic modifications, marmosets are well positioned to serve as neuropsychiatric models of prefrontal cortex dysfunction. a critical step in the development of marmosets for such models is to characterize fu ... | 2019 | 30419289 |
| approaches of validation of a 2-week combined repeated oral dose toxicity study with plasma micro sampling toxicokinetics (pms-tk) in common marmosets. | we investigated the viability of a combined repeated dose toxicity study, including toxicokinetics (tk), in common marmosets according to the ich-s4, ich-s3a and ich-s7a guidelines using valsartan as test article whose non-clinical repeated dose toxicity studies had been conducted using this species for regulatory purpose. valsartan was administered orally to 3 animals/sex at 200 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. in addition to the routine parameters in repeated dose toxicity studies, safety pharmacology p ... | 2018 | 30405001 |
| key periods of cognitive decline in a nonhuman primate model of cognitive aging, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | it is well established that human life expectancy increases considerably with an ever-growing number of people suffering from age-related cognitive decline and degenerative brain diseases. this necessitates the development of animal models to counteract or stop the progression of the decline early enough. presently, primate models are few, and many studies argue for the marmoset as an interesting primate model presenting a short life span and being easily available in research laboratories. in t ... | 2019 | 30391909 |
| primordial germ cells do not migrate along nerve fibres in marmoset monkey and mouse embryos. | primordial germ cells (pgcs) are the embryonic precursors of spermatozoa and eggs. in mammals, pgcs arise early in embryonic development and migrate from their tissue of specification over a significant distance to reach their destinations, the genital ridges. however, the exact mechanism of translocation is still debated. a study on human embryos demonstrated a very close spatial association between migrating pgcs and developing peripheral nerves. thus, it was proposed that peripheral nerves ac ... | 2019 | 30390611 |
| sex-biased gene expression in the frontal cortex of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and potential behavioral correlates. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small new world monkey, has been widely used as a biological model in neuroscience to elucidate neural circuits involved in cognition and to understand brain dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. in this regard, the availability of gene expression data derived from next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies represents an opportunity for a molecular contextualization. sexual dimorphism account for differences in diseases prevalence and prognosis ... | 2018 | 30378298 |
| publisher correction: experimental zika virus infection in the pregnant common marmoset induces spontaneous fetal loss and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. | a correction to this article has been published and is linked from the html and pdf versions of this paper. the error has been fixed in the paper. | 2018 | 30367092 |
| the japan monkey centre primates brain imaging repository for comparative neuroscience: an archive of digital records including records for endangered species. | advances in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and computational analysis technology have enabled comparisons among various primate brains in a three-dimensional electronic format. results from comparative studies provide information about common features across primates and species-specific features of neuroanatomy. investigation of various species of non-human primates is important for understanding such features, but the majority of comparative mri studies have been based on experimental primat ... | 2018 | 30357587 |
| neuronal distribution across the cerebral cortex of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | using stereological analysis of neun-stained sections, we investigated neuronal density and number of neurons per column throughout the marmoset cortex. estimates of mean neuronal density encompassed a greater than 3-fold range, from >150 000 neurons/mm3 in the primary visual cortex to ~50 000 neurons/mm3 in the piriform complex. there was a trend for density to decrease from posterior to anterior cortex, but also local gradients, which resulted in a complex pattern; for example, in frontal, aud ... | 2019 | 30357325 |
| semi-chronic laminar recordings in the brainstem of behaving marmoset monkeys. | chronic recordings with multi-electrode arrays are widely used to study neural networks underlying complex primate behaviors. most of these systems are designed for studying neural activity in the cortical hemispheres resulting in a lack of devices being capable of simultaneously recording from ensembles of neurons in deep brainstem structures. however, to fully understand complex behavior, it is fundamental to also decipher the intrinsic mechanisms of the underlying motor pattern generating cir ... | 2019 | 30352210 |
| developmental and family history-based analysis of congenital fused labia phenotype in the captive common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | congenital fused labia (cfl) is defined as a failure or significant delay in the opening of the juvenile sealed labia majora. this phenotype is known to be variably common in adult captive female marmosets but has never been investigated in detail before. | 2019 | 30350862 |
| comparison of gut microbiota composition between laboratory-bred marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with chronic diarrhea and healthy animals using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | chronic diarrhea in laboratory-bred marmosets poses a serious health problem during experiments. despite a growing demand for laboratory-bred experimental marmosets, the mechanisms underlying the development of diarrhea and measures for its treatment and prevention remain unclear. to explore the factors affecting development of chronic diarrhea in laboratory-bred marmosets, the gut microbiota composition (gmc) of 58 laboratory-bred marmosets, including 19 animals with chronic diarrhea, was analy ... | 2018 | 30350387 |
| enhancement of the transduction efficiency of a lentiviral vector for neuron-specific retrograde gene delivery through the point mutation of fusion glycoprotein type e. | pseudotyping of a lentiviral vector with fusion glycoproteins composed of rabies virus glycoprotein (rvg) and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsvg) segments achieves high gene transfer efficiency through retrograde transport in the nervous system. in our previous study, we determined the junction of rvg/vsvg segments of glycoproteins that enhances the transduction efficiency of the neuron-specific retrograde gene transfer (neuret) vector (termed fusion glycoprotein type e or fug-e). | 2019 | 30347222 |
| comparison of semen characteristics and sperm cryopreservation in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and black-tufted-ear marmoset (callithrix penicillata). | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is one of the most studied neotropical primates regarding reproduction. however, little has been reported on the black-tufted-ear marmoset (callithrix penicillata), which may produce fertile hybrids with other callithrix. this is the first study to evaluate sperm freezing from black-tufted-ear marmoset. | 2019 | 30345513 |
| comparing adult hippocampal neurogenesis across species: translating time to predict the tempo in humans. | comparison of neurodevelopmental sequences between species whose initial period of brain organization may vary from 100 days to 1,000 days, and whose progress is intrinsically non-linear presents large challenges in normalization. comparing adult timelines when lifespans stretch from 1 year to 75 years, when underlying cellular mechanisms under scrutiny do not scale similarly, presents challenges to simple detection and comparison. the question of adult hippocampal neurogenesis has generated num ... | 2018 | 30344473 |
| targeted diet modification reduces multiple sclerosis-like disease in adult marmoset monkeys from an outbred colony. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in common marmosets is a translationally relevant model of the chronic neurologic disease multiple sclerosis. following the introduction of a new dietary supplement in our purpose-bred marmoset colony, the percentage of marmosets in which clinically evident eae could be induced by sensitization against recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in ifa decreased from 100 to 65%. the reduced eae susceptibility after the dietary change coin ... | 2018 | 30341184 |
| antibodies and molecular detection of leishmania (leishmania) infantum in samples of free-ranging marmosets (primates: callitrichidae: callithrix spp.) in an area of canine visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern brazil. | leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic protozoan infection that affects mammals and involves a complex epidemiology. although dogs are considered the main reservoir in zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl), the possible presence of other mammalian species acting as reservoirs has been associated as a possible cause of lack of success in the control of human vl in many endemic areas. the knowledge about natural infections of some species is still scarce, such as nonhuman primates (nhp), especia ... | 2019 | 30335584 |
| long-term treatment with the mtor inhibitor rapamycin has minor effect on clinical laboratory markers in middle-aged marmosets. | interventions to extend lifespan and improve health with increasing age would have significant impact on a growing aged population. there are now several pharmaceutical interventions that extend lifespan in laboratory rodent models with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor) being the most well studied. in this study, we report on the hematological effects in a cohort of middle-aged common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) that were enrolled in a study to test the effects ... | 2019 | 30311681 |
| trajectories and milestones of cortical and subcortical development of the marmoset brain from infancy to adulthood. | with increasing attention on the developmental causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, appropriate animal models are crucial to identifying causes and assessing potential interventions. the common marmoset is an ideal model as it has sophisticated social/emotional behavior, reaching adulthood within 2 years of birth. magnetic resonance imaging was used in an accelerated longitudinal cohort (n = 41; aged 3-27 months; scanned 2-7 times over 2 years). splines were used to model nonlinear trajectories ... | 2018 | 30307494 |
| defining predictive factors for reproductive output in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) demonstrate variations in reproductive output, not only in terms of total reproductive output during a lifetime but also in litter size per parturition. the present study explores factors, such as parents' litter size, parturition number, maternal body weight at conception and maternal age, which may account for this variation. a retrospective analysis of clinical records of a captive breeding colony was conducted over a 9-year period yielding reproductive s ... | 2018 | 30302782 |
| gene expression in response to optical defocus of opposite signs reveals bidirectional mechanism of visually guided eye growth. | myopia (nearsightedness) is the most common eye disorder, which is rapidly becoming one of the leading causes of vision loss in several parts of the world because of a recent sharp increase in prevalence. nearwork, which produces hyperopic optical defocus on the retina, has been implicated as one of the environmental risk factors causing myopia in humans. experimental studies have shown that hyperopic defocus imposed by negative power lenses placed in front of the eye accelerates eye growth and ... | 2018 | 30300342 |
| blockade of dopamine d₁ receptors, but not d₂ receptors, decreases motivation in a novel effort-discounting paradigm in common marmosets. | effort-based decision-making paradigms have recently been used to measure motivation in healthy subjects and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. in the present study, we developed a novel effort-discounting paradigm using a touch-panel system in common marmosets. marmosets were trained to choose between a low-reward (a piece of cake) requiring low-effort (one touch response) versus high-reward (three pieces of cake) requiring one of three different effort levels (one, two, or four touch re ... | 2018 | 30299146 |
| non-human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in brazil. | rabies virus (rabv) does not persist in the environment as it is a very fragile agent. the primary hosts are mammalian species in the orders carnivora and chiroptera. since the late 1980s, rabv has been isolated from non-human primates, callithrix jacchus (the white-tufted marmoset), in four coastal states (rio grande do norte, ceará, piauí and pernambuco) in north-eastern brazil, where this species is indigenous. the original habitat of c. jacchus consisted of two brazilian biomes, the atlantic ... | 2019 | 30288933 |
| one-year change in cognitive flexibility and fine motor function in middle-aged male and female marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is uniquely suited for longitudinal studies of cognitive aging, due to a relatively short lifespan, sophisticated cognitive abilities, and patterns of brain aging that resemble those of humans. we examined cognitive function and fine motor skills in male and female marmosets (mean age ∼5 at study entry) followed longitudinally for 2 years. each year, monkeys were tested on a reversal learning task with three pairs of stimuli (n = 18, 9 females) and a fine ... | 2019 | 30281810 |
| survey of drug oxidation activities in hepatic and intestinal microsomes of individual common marmosets, a new nonhuman primate animal model. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are potentially useful nonhuman primate models for preclinical studies. information for major drug-metabolizing cytochrome p450 (p450) enzymes is now available that supports the use of this primate species as an animal model for drug development. here, we collect and provide an overview of information on the activities of common marmoset hepatic and intestinal microsomes with respect to 28 typical human p450 probe oxidations. | 2019 | 30280664 |
| stay gathered rather than scattered: strategies of common marmosets during agonistic interactions with birds in the atlantic rain forest. | to reduce the vulnerability of their small body size, common marmosets live in large and cohesive social groups. thus, we hypothesized that in order to compensate for small body size and predation risk, individuals of common marmosets will stay gathered rather than scattered when foraging for eggs and/or nestling birds. furthermore, in order to avoid costly injuries and eventual predation risks, for both sides, the majority of interactions among common marmosets and small birds will not involve ... | 2018 | 30278454 |
| immortalization of common marmoset monkey fibroblasts by piggybac transposition of htert. | following a certain type-specific number of mitotic divisions, terminally differentiated cells undergo proliferative senescence, thwarting efforts to expand different cell populations in vitro for the needs of scientific research or medical therapies. the primary cause of this phenomenon is the progressive shortening of the telomeres and the subsequent activation of cell cycle control pathways leading to a block of cell proliferation. restoration of telomere length by transgenic expression of te ... | 2018 | 30261016 |
| differentiation of testis xenografts in the prepubertal marmoset depends on the sex and status of the mouse host. | this study investigates the effects of the endocrine milieu of immunodeficient mouse host (intact vs. castrated male, intact male vs. intact female) on prepubertal marmoset (callithrix jacchus) testicular xenografts. previous marmoset xenografting studies used castrated nude mouse hosts which did not support efficient graft survival and maturation. due to the distinct endocrine milieu in marmosets with a deletion of exon 10 in the lh receptor, we wanted to explore whether the most efficient xeno ... | 2018 | 30210448 |
| artificial visual stimuli for animal experiments: an experimental evaluation in a prey capture context with common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | experimenters often use images of real objects to simulate interactions between animal subjects or visual stimuli on a touchscreen to test animal cognition. however, the degree to which nonhuman animals recognize 2-d images as representing the corresponding real objects remains debated. the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) has been described as a species that spontaneously shows natural behaviors to 2-d images, for example, grasping behaviors to insects and fear responses to snakes. i ... | 2019 | 30198735 |
| development and analytical validation of a radioimmunoassay for the quantification of alpha1 -proteinase inhibitor in serum and feces from the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the objective of this study was to develop and analytically validate a radioimmunoassay (ria) for the measurement of alpha1 -proteinase inhibitor (α1 -pi) concentrations in serum and feces from the common marmoset. | 2018 | 30187920 |
| calcium transient dynamics of neural ensembles in the primary motor cortex of naturally behaving monkeys. | to understand brain circuits of cognitive behaviors under natural conditions, we developed techniques for imaging neuronal activities from large neuronal populations in the deep layer cortex of the naturally behaving common marmoset. animals retrieved food pellets or climbed ladders as a miniature fluorescence microscope monitored hundreds of calcium indicator-expressing cortical neurons in the right primary motor cortex. this technique, which can be adapted to other brain regions, can deepen ou ... | 2018 | 30134178 |
| maintenance of bone mass despite estrogen depletion in female common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | estrogen depletion leads to bone loss in almost all mammals with frequent regular ovarian cycles. however, subordinate adult female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) undergo socially induced anovulation and hypoestrogenism without clinically apparent adverse skeletal consequences. thus, we speculated that this non human primate might have evolved a mechanism to avoid estrogen-depletion bone loss. to test this possibility, we performed three experiments in which lumbar-spine (l5-l6) bone mine ... | 2019 | 30106167 |
| [usage of common marmoset to drug discovery research]. | rodent laboratory animals, such as mice and rats have been greatly contributing to biomedical research. although its usefulness would not change in the future, nonhuman primates (nhps) also offer excellent models for preclinical research to assess safety and efficacy of developing novel therapeutic approaches because of their similarities of genetics, metabolism and physiological characteristics to humans. recent years, the gene modification technology in nonhuman primates has been developed. in ... | 2018 | 30101867 |