Publications

evidence of ortho- and paramyxoviruses in fauna from antarctica.	serum antibodies to influenza a viruses and paramyxoviruses were detected in adelie penguin (pysoscelis adeliae) and antarctic skua (stercorarius skua maccormicki) sera in the ross sea dependency. an avian paramyxovirus was isolated from a penguin cloacal swab.	1993	8258855
mercury and major essential elements in seals, penguins, and other representative fauna of the antarctic.	concentrations of total hg and major essential elements, ca, mg, na, and k, were measured in the muscle, liver, and kidney of three species of seals, crabeater seal (lobodon carcinophagus), leopard seal (hydrurga leptonyx), and weddell seal (leptonychotes weddelli) collected in the antarctic. the muscle and liver of three species of penguins, i.e., gentoo penguin (pygoscelis papua), adelie penguin (p. adeliae), chinstrap penguin (p. antarctica), and other representative fauna were also analyzed ...	1993	8239712
virological studies of adelie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) in antarctica.	serum antibodies to influenza virus hemagglutinin 7, newcastle disease virus (ndv), and avian paramyxoviruses were detected in adelie penguin colonies in antarctica. infection with ndv and avian influenza virus was confined to particular colonies, whereas antibodies to the paramyxoviruses were detected in all seven colonies samples. two avian paramyxoviruses were also isolated fromcloacal swabs. results of serological tests must be interpreted with caution, as little as known about the persisten ...	1981	7039589
penguin egg-white and polar fish blood-serum proteins.	the development of, and findings in, a long-term research program on penguin proteins and polar fish blood proteins are described. two of the egg-white proteins from the adelie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae) have unique properties: a glycoprotein named penalbumin that is a major constituent with some characteristics similar to ovalbumin, and an ovomucoid with strong inhibitory capacity for subtilisin as well as for bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin. the antifreeze glycoproteins from antarctic ...	1982	6749729
the fine structure of the parabronchi and the gas exchange area of the adelie penguin lung.	the parabronchi of the adelie penguin are endowed with wide atria forming pockets between a loose meshwork of bundles of smooth muscle cells lining the parabronchial lumen. the atrial epithelium is of variable thickness and bears numerous microvilli, which are overlain by/or embedded in sheets or whorls of lamellar material ("trilaminar substance", diameter of one lamella 8 ..10 nm) forming layers of very variable thickness. the cells contain either stacks or whorls of this material or roundish ...	1983	6673392
rates of oxygen consumption in four species of seabird at palmer station, antarctic peninsula.	1. we determined standard metabolic rates (smr) of wild-caught adults of the adelie penguin, southern giant fulmar, blue-eyed shag, and south polar skua at palmer station, antarctica, during january and february 1981. oxygen consumption was measured volumetrically in a closed system at temperatures between 2 and 12 degrees c. 2. mean smr varied between 0.82 l o2/kg per hr for male fulmars and 1.30 l o2/kg per hr for unsexed adult skuas. values were 174-198% of those predicted by the lasiewski-da ...	1983	6132736
the egg-white proteins of the adelie penguin.		1966	5965105
ddt residues in adelie penguins and a crabeater seal from antarctica.		1966	5961190
respiratory function of blood of the adélie penguin pygoscelis adeliae.		1969	5786751
lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of the penguin pygoscelis adeliae.		1969	5392741
fat content, fatty acid composition and estimates of energy metabolism of adèlie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) during the early breeding season fast.		1973	4717479
salmonella in adélie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) and south polar skuas (catharacta maccormicki) on ross island, antarctica.		1973	4583956
the endocrine control of reproduction and molt in male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. ii. annual changes in plasma levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.	changes in plasma thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) levels were studied during a breeding season and in more detail during the postbreeding molt in male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins under natural conditions in the antarctic. during the 4-month natural fast that accompanies courtship and incubation in male emperors, plasma t4 and t3 levels were maintained around 11 and 0.6 ng/ml, respectively. in courting, fasting female emperors plasma ...	1986	3781233
the endocrine control of reproduction and molt in male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. i. annual changes in plasma levels of gonadal steroids and lh.	changes in plasma lh, testosterone, and estrogens were investigated throughout reproduction and molt in free-living male and female emperor (aptenodytes forsteri) and adelie (pygoscelis adeliae) penguins. in both sexes and species, plasma lh and gonadal steroids were severalfold above basal level at the time of arrival on the breeding grounds, suggesting that environmental cues (especially decreasing daylength in emperors) rather than mating and courting primarily stimulate gonadal development a ...	1986	3781216
differential leucocyte cell counts from the pygoscelid penguins of antarctica.	differential leucocyte counts were obtained for three cogeneric species of wild antarctic penguins, pygoscelis adelie (adelie), pygoscelis papua (gentoo), and pygoscelis antarctica (chinstrap). significant differences between the differential leucocyte counts of the three species were not observed.	1987	3625920
thermoregulation, gas exchange, and ventilation in adelie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae).	adelie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) experience a wide range of ambient temperatures (ta) in their natural habitat. we examined body temperature (tb), oxygen consumption (vo2), carbon dioxide production (vco2), evaporative water loss (mh2o), and ventilation at ta from -20 to 30 degrees c. body temperature did not change significantly between -20 and 20 degrees c (mean tb = 39.3 degrees c). tb increased slightly to 40.1 degrees c at ta = 30 degrees c. both vo2 and vco2 were constant and minimal a ...	1988	3351024
light microscopic study of granulocytes of pygoscelid penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) of antarctica.	morphologic features of heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils of wild adult pygoscelid penguins (pygoscelis adeliae; 1 male, 4 females) of antarctica were studied. granulocytes were described on the basis of analysis of stained blood films and of 0.5-micron sections of centrifuged resin-embedded blood. morphometric analysis of granulocytes included average cell diameter, cell shape, and nuclear configuration as well as the number, size, and shape of intracytoplasmic granules. large round heter ...	1988	2460002
energy requirements of adélie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae) chicks.	the energy requirements of adélie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae) chicks were analysed with respect to body mass (w, 0.145-3.35 kg, n = 36) and various forms of activity (lying, standing, minor activity, locomotion, walking on a treadmill). direct respirometry was used to measure o2 consumption (vo2, l.h-1) and co2 production. heart rate (hr, bpm) was recorded from the ecg obtained by both externally attached electrodes and implantable hr-transmitters. the parameters measured were not affected by h ...	1990	2113066
the ontogeny of oxygen consumption and ventilation in the adélie penguin, pygoscelis adeliae.	although both energy metabolism and ventilation parameters are highly size dependent in adult birds, the usual scaling relationships with mass do not hold in hatchlings or in growing chicks. in adélie penguins, three distinct behavioral phases during growth and development are reflected in the ontogeny of metabolism and ventilation. metabolic intensity increases in the nestling phase (age 0-11 days), stabilizes during the creche phase (14-40 days), and decreases in fledglings (40-55 days) and ad ...	1990	2080324
plasma melatonin in the adelie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae) under conditions daylight in antarctica.	circadian rhythms of melatonin secretion in birds are influenced by daylength and light intensity. daily patterns of melatonin secretion were examined in adelie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) under natural continuous daylight at cape bird, antarctica (77 degrees s). although daylight is continuous during the antarctic summer there was a marked daily cycle of light intensity. however, there was no relationship between mean plasma melatonin levels and time of day in groups of 2-10 penguins sampled ...	1991	2056428
circadian rhythms of plasma melatonin in the adelie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae) in constant dim light and artificial photoperiods.	the response of plasma melatonin in adelie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) to constant dim light and to light/dark cycles was measured to determine the capacity of the pineal gland to secrete melatonin after exposure to continuous daylight for 2 months. penguins were moved in mid-summer from the natural photoperiod to either constant dim light (n = 10), to a 12l:12d light/dark cycle (n = 5), or to a 12l:12d light/dark cycle with a 30 min light pulse (50-155 lux) on the third (n = 4) or sixth (n = ...	1991	1757886
the cost of a hot meal: facultative specific dynamic action may ensure temperature homeostasis in post-ingestive endotherms.	1. resting metabolic rate was determined in adelie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) that had been fed warm and cold ingesta. 2. post-ingestion metabolic rate was found to be related to food temperature rather than to specific dynamic action. 3. calorimetric calculations indicate that up to 13% of adelie penguin daily energy expenditure may be used heating ingested food to body temperature. 4. heating food costs are predicted to be higher in endotherms living in cold regions and in species with low ...	1991	1682090
pentobarbitone as an anaesthetic agent in the adelie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae).		1975	1195679
bile secretion in the anaesthetized adelie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae).		1975	1142282
the microanatomy of the hepatic vessels of the penguin pygoscelis adeliae.		1975	1142246
casts of hepatic blood vessels: a comparison of the microcirculation of the penguin, pygoscelis adeliae, with some common laboratory animals.	latex casts of the hepatic blood vessels of the penguin, pygoscelis adeliae, and of some common laboratory animals were compared. there was general similarity between the different species, but the portal venous and hepatic arterial systems of the penguin were simpler than those of other species. measurements were made of the volume and length of portal veins and it appears that the portal venous system is capable of being a more efficient blood reservoir in the penguin than in other species stu ...	1976	1002604
hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt) and melatonin in the pineal gland of the antarctic penguins (pygoscelis adeliae and p. papua).		1976	992328
effects of altering rostral brain stem temperature on temperature regulation in the adelie penguin, pygoscelis adeliae.	in 4 adelie penguins, thermodes were implanted in the rostral brain stem. two animals were additionally equipped with spinal canal thermodes. at thermoneutral (+8 to +16 degrees c) and cold (-18 to -22 degrees c) ambient conditions, the effects of hypothalamic heating and cooling on the surface temperature of one flipper (skin blood flow), oxygen consumption (metabolic heat production) and esophageal (core) temperature were observed in the conscious animals.- heating the rostral brain stem induc ...	1976	943780
effects of altering spinal cord temperature on temperature regulation in the adelie penguin, pygoscelis adeliae.	in 6 adelie penguins, thermodes were implanted in the cervical and upper thoracic spinal canal. at thermoneutral (+8 to +16 degrees c) and cold (-18 to -22 degrees c) ambient conditions, the effects of spinal canal heating and cooling on the surface temperature of one flipper (skin blood flow), oxygen consumption (metabolic heat production) and esophageal (core) temperature were observed in the conscious animals.- at thermoneutral ambient conditions, spinal cord cooling reduced and spinal heatin ...	1976	943774
[weight variations and energy expenditure in the adelie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae)].	ponderal loss of fasting pygoscelis adeliae in an enclosure is linear; minimum for brooders, it triples during moult, and it the fasting period continues to a level below 3,3-3,5 kg, it quintuples. this critical slope could indicate the passage from a lipidic to a protidic metabolism.	1975	807426
the relation between structure and function of bile ducts in man, some laboratory animals and the adelie penguin.	the biliary trees of man, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, guinea pig and penguin were examined in histological sections and by latex casts. the trees of man, dog, and cat were similar with only minor differences. tubulo-alveolar glands were present in all three species around large intrahepatic ducts and in large portal tracts there were zones of ductules (areas with many small bile ducts), surrounded by small vessels with no apparent relation to hepatocytes. both these features were present in the guine ...	1979	256628
spontaneous and bile salt stimulated bile secretion in the adelie penguin (pygoscelis adeliae).	the flow rate and ionic composition of bile during spontaneous secretion were measured in anaesthetized penguins in which the enterohepatic circulation had been interrupted and with i.v. injection of saline to replace secretory loss. during the first two hours the rate of flow increased, and then remained relatively constant for a further two and a half hours. during this time the concentration of bile salt fell, but the concentrations of other ions showed small fluctuations only. sodium tauroch ...	1978	244360
plasma proteins and immunoglobulins in penguins (pygoscelis adeliae).	total and fractionated proteins were evaluated in the serum of normal penguins. four proteins with antibody activity, determined by passive haemagglutination, were isolated by sephadex g-200 filtration and deae-cellulose chromatography, from the serum of penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) inoculated with dinitrophenylated human gamma-globulin. immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion showed that all these proteins exhibited both their own and shared antigenic determinants. on account of their electr ...	1975	50086