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challenges encountered using standard vector control measures for dengue in boa vista, brazil.in 2010, dengue virus (denv) serotype-4 was detected during a dengue outbreak in the amazonian city of boa vista. at that time brazil was already endemic for denv-1, denv-2 and denv-3. this was the first time denv-4 was observed in the country after it was initially detected and eliminated in 1981.201425378760
replication of boid inclusion body disease-associated arenaviruses is temperature sensitive in both boid and mammalian cells.boid inclusion body disease (bidb) is a fatal disease of boid snakes, the etiology of which has only recently been revealed following the identification of several novel arenaviruses in diseased snakes. bibd-associated arenaviruses (bibdav) are genetically divergent from the classical old and new world arenaviruses and also differ substantially from each other. even though there is convincing evidence that bibdav are indeed the etiological agent of bibd, the bibdav reservoir hosts--if any exist ...201425378485
stone anvil damage by wild bearded capuchins (sapajus libidinosus) during pounding tool use: a field experiment.we recorded the damage that wild bearded capuchin monkeys (sapajus libidinosus) caused to a sandstone anvil during pounding stone tool use, in an experimental setting. the anvil was undamaged when set up at the fazenda boa vista (fbv) field laboratory in piauí, brazil, and subsequently the monkeys indirectly created a series of pits and destroyed the anvil surface by cracking palm nuts on it. we measured the size and rate of pit formation, and recorded when adult and immature monkeys removed loo ...201425372879
spectral analysis of two coupled diatomic rotor molecules.in a previous article the theory of frame transformation relation between body oriented angular (boa) states and lab weakly coupled states (lwc) was developed to investigate simple rotor-rotor interactions. by analyzing the quantum spectrum for two coupled diatomic molecules and comparing it with spectrum and probability distribution of simple models, evidence was found that, as we move from a lwc state to a strongly coupled state, a single rotor emerges in the strong limit. in the low coupling, ...201425353181
effect of biometric variables on two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements in the red-tailed boa (boa constrictor constrictor).the effects of body biometrics on cardiac measurements and description of cardiac anatomy were performed in red-tailed boas (boa constrictor constrictor) (n = 29) using real-time b-mode ultrasonography. statistical comparison of measured cardiac metrics according to sex and body measurements demonstrated no significant difference between sexes but a highly significant linear increase between body length and mass and all cardiac metrics.201425314841
osteomyelitis caused by salmonella enterica serovar derby in boa constrictor.after demonstrating chronic weight loss, prostration, and muscle flaccidness, a captive-bred 9-mo-old boa constrictor (boa constrictor constrictor) died and was submitted for necropsy. along the spinal column there were multiple, yellowish white, macroscopic nodules of 1-5 mm in diameter in the ventral side of the vertebral body and in the intervertebral spaces. severe multifocal necrotizing osteomyelitis associated with granulomatous inflammation was the main histologic finding in the vertebral ...201425314834
ecology of the sand boa, eryx jayakari in riyadh region of saudi arabia.the ecology, feeding habits and sexual dimorphism in arabian sand boa, eryx jayakari from the central region of saudi arabia, were studied. in this study the e. jayakari was recorded for the first time from several sites. significant differences were noted in total length of body and tail, and body diameter of male and female. the females were of larger size. the mean number of the dorsal body scales, ventrals and subcaudal for both sexes were not significantly different. the mean number of the ...201425313272
subsistence hunting of cuniculus paca in the middle of the solimões river, amazonas, brazil.ungulates, large primates and caviomorfs are cited by amazonian hunters as preferred species. in this research, paca (cuniculus paca) hunting was investigated in relation to water levels and the lunar cycle. in eight years of monitoring in the amanã sustainable development reserve, the killing of 625 pacas was registered in five monitored communities. paca hunting took place mainly at night and the most commonly used method is "spotlighting". a positive correlation between the number of pacas ki ...201425296203
reptile-associated ticks from dominica and the bahamas with notes on hyperparasitic erythraeid mites.ticks were collected or recorded from 522 individual reptiles on dominica and from 658 reptiles from the bahamas. two species of ticks were collected on dominica: amblyomma antillorum and amblyomma rotundatum. similarly, 2 species were collected in the bahamas: amblyomma albopictum and amblyomma torrei. on dominica, a. antillorum was recorded from 517 lesser antillean iguanas (iguana delicatissima), 2 boa constrictors (boa nebulosa), 1 antilles snake (alsophis sibonius), and 1 dominican ground l ...201525274575
prevalence of neutralising antibodies against adenoviruses in lizards and snakes.adenoviruses (advs) are relatively common in lizards and snakes, and several genetically distinct advs have been isolated in cell culture. the aims of this study were to examine serological relationships among lizard and snake advs and to determine the frequency of adv infections in these species. isolates from a boa constrictor (boa constrictor), a corn snake (pantherophis gutattus) and a central bearded dragon (pogona vitticeps), and two isolates from helodermatid lizards (heloderma horridum a ...201425163614
anti-inflammatory activity of animal oils from the peruvian amazon.animal oils and fats from the fishes electrophorus electricus and potamotrygon motoro, the reptiles boa constrictor, chelonoidis denticulata (geochelone denticulata) and melanosuchus niger and the riverine dolphin inia geoffrensis are used as anti-inflammatory agents in the peruvian amazon. the aim of the study was to assess the topic anti-inflammatory effect of the oils/fats as well as to evaluate its antimicrobial activity and fatty acid composition.201425150527
anti-inflammatory potential of zootherapeutics derived from animals used in brazilian traditional medicine.animals are used for the treatment of diseases caused by inflammatory processes, although few studies evaluate their potential for these purposes.201425026349
experimental infection of boa constrictor with an orthoreovirus isolated from a snake with inclusion body disease.orthoreoviruses have been associated with disease in reptiles, but have not previously been isolated from snakes with inclusion body disease (ibd). an orthoreovirus was isolated from a boa constrictor diagnosed with ibd and then used to conduct a transmission study to determine the clinical importance of this virus. for the transmission study, 10 juvenile boas were experimentally infected with the isolated orthoreovirus and compared to 5 sham-infected control animals. orthoreovirus was reisolate ...201425000715
[better management of osteoarthritis, boa]. 201424946500
the behavioural outcomes of anxiety scale (boa): a preliminary validation in stroke survivors.to determine the psychometric properties of an observational scale of anxiety.201424837000
species of anastrepha (diptera: tephritidae) captured in a guava orchard (psidium guajava l., myrtaceae) in boa vista, roraima, brazil.the guava fruit (psidium guajava) is among the most strongly affected by fruit flies in brazil. in the brazilian amazon, 11 species of anastrepha have been reported in guava orchards to date. this work aimed to identify the species of anastrepha present in a guava orchard in the municipality of boa vista, determine the species infesting the fruits, and identify any parasitoids present. two mcphail traps with food bait were installed and weekly collections were made between january and december 2 ...201324789406
wet- and dry-season steroid hormone profiles and stress reactivity of an insular dwarf snake, the hog island boa (boa constrictor imperator).field endocrine studies providing new comparisons for inference into the evolutionary and ecological factors shaping organismal physiology are important, often yielding novel physiological insights. here, we explored factors associated with the sex steroid hormone concentrations and adrenocortical response to capture stress in hog island boas (boa constrictor imperator) in the cayos cochinos archipelago of honduras to generate comparative field hormone data from a tropical reptile and test the i ...201424769701
undesirable consequences of insecticide resistance following aedes aegypti control activities due to a dengue outbreak.during a dengue outbreak with co-circulation of denv-1 and -2 in the city of boa vista, one patient was diagnosed with denv-4, a serotype supposed absent from brazil for almost 30 years. the re-emergence of denv-4 triggered the intensification of mechanical and chemical aedes aegypti control activities in order to reduce vector density and avoid denv-4 dissemination throughout the country.201424676277
immediate care of open extremity fractures: where can we improve?clear guidelines are set by the british orthopaedic association (boa) and british association of plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgeons (bapras) on the preoperative management of open fractures. this as well as the clinical consequences of poor management of open fractures means the patient workup for surgery is important as well as the timing of surgery. experience suggests few patients are managed 100% as per the guidelines and we look to test this hypothesis. a retrospective analysis ...201424672795
consenting operative orthopaedic trauma patients: challenges and solutions.guidelines exist to obtain informed consent before any operative procedure. we completed an audit cycle starting with retrospective review of 50 orthopaedic trauma procedures (phase 1 over three months to determine the quality of consenting documentation). the results were conveyed and adequate training of the staff was arranged according to guidelines from boa, doh, and gmc. compliance in filling consent forms was then prospectively assessed on 50 consecutive trauma surgeries over further three ...201424653843
reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction in white blood cells are not valid biomarkers of ageing in the very old.reliable and valid biomarkers of ageing (boa) are needed to understand mechanisms, test interventions and predict the timing of adverse health events associated with ageing. since increased reactive oxygen species (ros) production and mitochondrial dysfunction are consequences of cellular senescence and may contribute causally to the ageing of organisms, we focused on these parameters as candidate boa. superoxide levels, mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential in human peripheral ...201424614678
not straight forward for gays: a look at the lived experiences of gay men, living in cape town, with regard to their worker roles.the south african constitution protects the rights of gays; however in the workplace gays experience discrimination and marginalization. as a result of marginalization they struggle to reach their potential regarding career development and the fulfilment of their worker role.201524594540
near-isogenic lines for measuring phenotypic effects of dimboa-glc methyltransferase activity in maize.three o-methyltransferases (bx10a, b, c) catalyze the conversion of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (dim boa-glc) to 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (hdmboa -glc) in maize (zea mays). variation in benzoxazinoid accumulation and resistance to rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) was attributed to a natural cacta family transposon insertion that inactivates bx10c. whereas maize inbred line b73 has this transposon insertion, line cm l277 does not. to ...201324494232
inhibitory activities of omega-3 fatty acids and traditional african remedies on keloid fibroblasts.keloids develop when scar tissue responds to skin trauma with proliferative fibrous growths that extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound and progress for several months or years. keloids most frequently occur in individuals of indigenous sub-saharan african origin. the etiology for keloids is still unknown and treatment can be problematic as patients respond differently to various treatment modalities. keloids have a high rate of recurrence following surgical excision. some west afric ...201124489452
an overview of the south american fossil squamates.the evolution of squamates in south america is the result of the complex geological and paleoclimatic history of this part of the world. the incomplete and episodic fossil record allows us to know only a small part of this evolution. most mesozoic squamate remains come from the patagonian region, but remarkable specimens have also been recovered from brazil. both major squamate clades (iguania and scleroglossa) are present in the south american mesozoic. remains of mesozoic snakes are common and ...201424482358
quality of operation notes in orthopaedic hip arthroplasty surgery: are we complying with british orthopaedic association's guide to good practice?this retrospective audit evaluates the compliance of our operation notes with the british orthopaedic society primary hip arthroplasty 'a guide to good practice' using a 24-data point question (boa 2006). ninety-nine notes reviewed, of which 94% had patient identifiers, the surgical team was documented in 92.5%, post-operative instruction in 97%, and prosthesis stability in 97% of cases. despite high standards, we did not achieve the 100% gold standard. we suggest that increased awareness of the ...201324404704
[contribution for the validation of the portuguese version of eq-5d].the eq-5d allows the achievement of two essential components of any measure of health-related quality of life to be used in cost-utility economic evaluations: (i) a profile describing the health status in terms of domains or dimensions; and (ii) a numeric value associated with the health status described.201524388252
a fpga embedded web server for remote monitoring and control of smart sensors networks.this article describes the implementation of a web server using an embedded altera nios ii ip core, a general purpose and configurable risc processor which is embedded in a cyclone fpga. the processor uses the μclinux operating system to support a boa web server of dynamic pages using common gateway interface (cgi). the fpga is configured to act like the master node of a network, and also to control and monitor a network of smart sensors or instruments. in order to develop a totally functional s ...201324379047
immunohistochemical detection of a unique protein within cells of snakes having inclusion body disease, a world-wide disease seen in members of the families boidae and pythonidae.inclusion body disease (ibd) is a worldwide disease in captive boa constrictors (boa constrictor) and occasionally in other snakes of the families boidae and pythonidae. the exact causative agent(s) and pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. currently, diagnosis of ibd is based on the light microscopic identification of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in hematoxylin and eosin stained tissues or blood smears. an antigenically unique 68 kda protein was identified within the ibd ...201324340066
toward a tree-of-life for the boas and pythons: multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling.snakes in the families boidae and pythonidae constitute some of the most spectacular reptiles and comprise an enormous diversity of morphology, behavior, and ecology. while many species of boas and pythons are familiar, taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within these families remain contentious and fluid. a major effort in evolutionary and conservation biology is to assemble a comprehensive tree-of-life, or a macro-scale phylogenetic hypothesis, for all known life on earth. no previously pu ...201424315866
role of benzoxazinones in allelopathy by rye (secale cereale l.).two phytotoxic compounds [2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa)] were previously isolated and identified in 35-day-old greenhouse-grown rye shoot tissue. both compounds were also detected by tlc in greenhouse-grown root and fieldgrown shoot tissue. the concentration of diboa varied in the tissues, with the greatest quantity detected in greenhouse-grown shoots. diboa and boa were compared with β-phenyllactic acid (pla) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (hba) for a ...198724302054
identification and quantification of benzimidazole resistance polymorphisms in haemonchus contortus isolated in northeastern brazil.haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent nematode in brazil. the objective of this study was to select 6 populations of h. contortus of known or suspected benzimidazole resistance status and characterize these using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) f200y, f167y and e198a in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. qpcr was performed using dna from a pool of 10 adult male h. contortus from a single animal per farm. faecal egg count reductio ...201424295955
secondary prevention of osteoporosis in non-neck of femur fragility fractures: is it value for money? a retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional cohort study.osteoporosis is one of the commonest bone diseases in which bone fragility is increased. over 300,000 patients present to hospitals in the uk with fragility fractures each year, with medical and social care costs - most of which relate to hip fracture care - at around £2 billion. the number of these fractures rises by 2% a year. the 30 days mortality is 10% and 30% at 1 year. the purpose of this study is to review the current practice according to nice and boa guidelines of secondary prevention ...201324289492
2,2'-oxo-1, 1 '-azobenzene a microbially transformed allelochemical from 2,3-benzoxazolinone: i.2,2'-oxo-1,1 '-azobenzene (azob), a compound with strong herbicidal activity, was isolated and characterized from a soil supplemented with 2,3-benzoxazolinone (boa). a parallel experiment with 6-methoxy-2,3-benzoxazolinone (mboa) yielded azob as well as its mono-(mazob) and dimethoxy-(dimazob) derivatives. these compounds were produced only in the presence of soil microorganisms, via possible intermediates, i and ii, which may dimerize or react with the parent molecule to form the final products ...199024263495
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: selective toxicity of rye (secale cereale l.) allelochemicals to weed and crop species: ii.three allelochemicals from rye or its breakdown products were evaluated for activity on garden cress (lepidum sativum l.), barnyardgrass [echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.], cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and snap bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa), 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa), and 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene (azob) were all applied singly at 50, 100, and 200 ppm and in two- and three-way combinations each at 50 and 100 ppm. azob at 100 and 200 ppm produce ...199124258430
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: microbial transformation of rye (secale cereale l.) allelochemical in field soils byacinetobacter calcoaceticus: iii.acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from field soil, was found to be responsible for the biotransformation of 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa) to 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene (azob). experiments were conducted to evaluate the transformation of boa to azob by this microbe in sterile and nonsterile soil. transformation studies with soils inoculated witha. calcoaceticus indicated that the production of azob increased linearly with the concentration of boa in sterile soil and show ...199124257881
soil transformation of 2(3h)-benzoxazolone of rye into phytotoxic 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one.nonsterile soil transforms the rye metabolite 2(3h)-benzoxazolone (boa) into 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one, which is an order of magnitude more toxic to barnyard grass than benzoxazolone. benzoxazolone was recovered unchanged from sterile soil. however,o-aminophenol is converted to aminophenoxazinone by both sterile and nonsterile soil in the presence of air. aminophenoxazinone is probably produced by microbial hydrolysis of benzoxazolone intoo-aminophenol, which is oxidized to aminophenoxazinone ...199224254712
soil transformation of wheat and corn metabolites mboa and dim2boa into aminophenoxazinones.the defensive cyclic hydroxamates 7-methoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa) and 7,8-dimethoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (dim2boa) of wheat and corn are transformed in nonsterile soil, via 6-methoxy-2(3h)-benzoxazolone (mboa) and 6,7-dimethoxy-2(3h)-benzoxazolone (m2boa) respectively, into 2-amino-7-methoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one and 2-amino-4,6,7-trimethoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one. the soil transformation is similar of that undergone by the rye metabolite 2(3h)-benzoxazolon ...199324248702
effects of fertility on biomass, phytotoxicity, and allelochemical content of cereal rye.studies were conducted to evaluate biomass production, tissue phytotoxicity, and allelochemical content of rye (secale cereale l.) shoots grown in three fertility regimes (low, medium or high) in the greenhouse. wheeler rye or a polyculture of rye and hairy vetch (vicia villosa roth) grown with high fertility produced the greatest biomass (78.7 and 82.7 g), with the lowest root-to-shoot ratio (0.22 and 0.43) produced in the high-fertility treatments. the polyculture treatment grown with low fert ...199524233569
filmed treatment as an effective fear-reduction technique.the present study attempted to determine whether age and sex of a film model would differentially affect fear reduction in the viewing children. the experiment also tested the reactions of ss to films using real feared objects versus films of simulated objects. twenty-five fourth- and fifth-grade males who were fearful of snakes were shown a treatment film for a total of 10 minutes. pretreatment and posttreatment tests included asking ss to approach and handle a live 4-ft. boa constrictor. resul ...197324198149
adder bite on eyelid along with retained intraorbital fangs.snake bite to the eye is a rare event. most cases reported in the literature are due to boa constrictor bites. this is a rare case of snake bite from a common adder (vipera berus) to the ocular adnexa along with a retained intraorbital tooth.201424195742
elevated α-methyl-γ-hydroxy-1,n2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in urinary samples from individuals exposed to urban air pollution.acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde are genotoxic aldehydes present in tobacco smoke and vehicle exhaust. the reaction of these aldehydes with 2'-deoxyguanosine in dna produces α-methyl-γ-hydroxy-1,n(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,n(2)-propanodguo). online hplc-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to accurately quantify 1,n(2)-propanodguo in human urinary samples from 47 residents of são paulo city (sp) and 35 residents of the rural municipality of são joão da boa vista (sjbv) in the state of são ...201324168144
synthesis and hepatoprotective properties of acanthus ilicifolius alkaloid a and its derivatives.acanthus ilicifolius alkaloid a (4-hydroxy-2(3h)benzoxazolone, hboa) is a naturally occurring compound that has been separated from acanthus ilicifolius. previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of hboa on hsc-t6 cells. this study was undertaken in order to synthesize hboa and two of its derivatives, specifically, 4-acetoxy-2(3h)-benzoxazolone (aco-boa) and 3-acetyl-4-acetoxy-2-benzoxazolone (tc-3), and to investigate the hepatoprotective potentials of these three compounds on ccl4- ...201324137268
comparing alveolar bone regeneration using bio-oss and autogenous bone grafts in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.bone regeneration grafts (brg) are widely used in the treatment of osseous defects and oral surgery. the various techniques and associated success rates of bone augmentation require evaluation by systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible studies. the aim of this systematic review was to compare alveolar bone regeneration in humans using bio-oss and autogenous bone graft.200924019832
[juvenile pompe disease: retrospective clinical study].pompe disease or glycogen storage disease type ii is an autosomal recessive disorder due to acid maltase deficiency. it is a rare disease with a prevalence of 1/40.000 in the dutch and african-american populations and 1/46000 in the australian population. there are three forms of clinical presentation (infantile-onset, childhood-onset and adult-onset), although the disease presents as a continuum of clinical phenotypes. enzyme replacement therapy is available in portugal since 2006.201324016645
[images and representations of the female body in brazilian magazines].this documentary, qualitative, descriptive study has the objective to analyze images and representations of the female body and their relation to drug use in the content of articles published in four magazines with national circulation (veja, isto e, boa forma, claúdia). the articles selected were submitted to the technique of content analysis, with three thematic groups identified: the body as an incentive to use drugs; risks to the body resulting from drug use; and the search for the perfect b ...201324015463
comparative sex chromosome genomics in snakes: differentiation, evolutionary strata, and lack of global dosage compensation.snakes exhibit genetic sex determination, with female heterogametic sex chromosomes (zz males, zw females). extensive cytogenetic work has suggested that the level of sex chromosome heteromorphism varies among species, with boidae having entirely homomorphic sex chromosomes, viperidae having completely heteromorphic sex chromosomes, and colubridae showing partial differentiation. here, we take a genomic approach to compare sex chromosome differentiation in these three snake families. we identify ...201324015111
new tick records from the state of rondônia, western amazon, brazil.from 2005 to 2012, ticks were collected from different hosts at different localities of the state of rondônia. the following 16 ixodid tick species were identified: ixodes fuscipes, amblyomma auricularium, amblyomma coelebs, amblyomma dubitatum, amblyomma geayi, amblyomma humerale, amblyomma latepunctatum, amblyomma longirostre, amblyomma naponense, amblyomma nodosum, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, amblyomma ovale, amblyomma romitii, amblyomma rotundatum, amblyomma scalpturatum, and amblyomma varium ...201423975565
a closer look at the "protopithecus" fossil assemblages: new genus and species from bahia, brazil.the recently extinct large-bodied new world monkey protopithecus brasiliensis lund 1836 was named based on a distal humerus and proximal femur found in the lagoa santa cave system in the southeastern brazilian state of minas gerais. these bones are from an animal about twice the size of the largest extant platyrrhines. one hundred and seventy-five years later, a nearly complete skeleton was discovered in the toca da boa vista caves in the neighboring state of bahia and was allocated to the same ...201323972780
an abc pleiotropic drug resistance transporter of fusarium graminearum with a role in crown and root diseases of wheat.fgabc1 (fgsg_04580) is predicted to encode a pleiotropic drug resistance class abc transporter in fusarium graminearum, a globally important pathogen of wheat. deletion mutants of fgabc1 showed reduced virulence towards wheat in crown and root infection assays but were unaltered in infectivity on barley. expression of fgabc1 during head blight and crown rot disease increases during the necrotrophic phases of infection suggestive of a role for fgabc1 in late infection stages in different tissue t ...201323965171
non cell autonomous upregulation of cdkn2 transcription linked to progression of chronic hepatitis c disease.chronic hepatitis c virus infection (c-hc) is associated with higher mortality arising from hepatic and extrahepatic disease. this may be due to accelerated biological aging; however, studies in c-hc have thus far been based solely on telomere length as a biomarker of aging (boa). in this study, we have evaluated cdkn2 locus transcripts as alternative boas in c-hc. our results suggest that c-hc induces non-cell-autonomous senescence and accelerates biological aging. the cdkn2 locus may provide a ...201323931242
isolation, identification, and characterization of novel arenaviruses, the etiological agents of boid inclusion body disease.boid inclusion body disease (bibd) is a progressive, usually fatal disease of constrictor snakes, characterized by cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (ib) in a wide range of cell types. to identify the causative agent of the disease, we established cell cultures from bibd-positive and -negative boa constrictors. the ib phenotype was maintained in cultured cells of affected animals, and supernatants from these cultures caused the phenotype in cultures originating from bibd-negative snakes. viruses were ...201323926354
predation of alouatta puruensis by boa constrictor.reports of successful predator attacks on primates are rare. primates from all major radiations are particularly susceptible to raptors, carnivores, and snakes. among new world primates, reports of snake predation are limited to medium- and small-bodied species. here, we report the first documented case of successful predation of an atelid by a snake-an adult female purús red howler monkey, alouatta puruensis, that was subdued by a ca. 2-m-long boa constrictor in an arboreal setting at a height ...201323917944
conopeptides from cape verde conus crotchii.marine cone snails of the genus conus contain complex peptide toxins in their venom. living in tropical habitats, they usually use the powerful venom for self-defense and prey capture. here, we study conus crotchii venom duct using a peptide mass-matching approach. the c. crotchii was collected on the cape verde archipelago in the boa vista island. the venom was analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). about 488 molecular masses ...201323783403
molecular mr imaging of neovascular progression in the vx2 tumor with αvβ3-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles.to assess the dependence of neovascular molecular magnetic resonance (mr) imaging on relaxivity (r1) of αvβ3-targeted paramagnetic perfluorocarbon (pfc) nanoparticles and to delineate the temporal-spatial consistency of angiogenesis assessments for individual animals.201323771914
preliminary genetic analysis supports cave populations as targets for conservation in the endemic endangered puerto rican boa (boidae: epicrates inornatus).the endemic puerto rican boa (epicrates inornatus) has spent 42 years on the endangered species list with little evidence for recovery. one significant impediment to effective conservation planning has been a lack of knowledge of the distribution of genetic variability in the species. it has previously been suggested that boas might best be protected around caves that harbor large populations of bats. prior study has found puerto rican boas at relatively high densities in and around bat caves, w ...201323691110
implementing the national hip fracture database: an audit of care.hip fractures are common injuries in the elderly, with significant associated morbidity and mortality rates. the national hip fracture database (nhfd) was implemented to audit care according to national standards thus improving its clinical and cost-effectiveness.201323680283
potential adverse health effects of persistent organic pollutants on sea turtles: evidences from a cross-sectional study on cape verde loggerhead sea turtles.the cape verde nesting population of loggerhead sea turtles (caretta caretta) is the third largest population of this species in the world. for conservation purposes, it is essential to determine how these reptiles respond to different types of anthropogenic contaminants. we evaluated the presence of organochlorine pesticides (ocps), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in the plasma of adult nesting loggerheads from boa vista island, cape verde, and stud ...201323665416
snakes mimic earthworms: propulsion using rectilinear travelling waves.in rectilinear locomotion, snakes propel themselves using unidirectional travelling waves of muscular contraction, in a style similar to earthworms. in this combined experimental and theoretical study, we film rectilinear locomotion of three species of snakes, including red-tailed boa constrictors, dumeril's boas and gaboon vipers. the kinematics of a snake's extension-contraction travelling wave are characterized by wave frequency, amplitude and speed. we find wave frequency increases with incr ...201323635494
beyond the born-oppenheimer approximation: a treatment of electronic flux density in electronically adiabatic molecular processes.intuition suggests that a molecular system in the electronic ground state φ0 should exhibit an electronic flux density (efd) in response to the motion of its nuclei. if that state is described by the born-oppenheimer approximation (boa), however, a straightforward calculation of the efd yields zero, since the electrons are in a stationary state, regardless of the state of the nuclear motion. here an alternative pathway to a nonzero efd from a knowledge of only the boa ground-state wave function ...201323634652
molecular characterization of trichomonads isolated from animal hosts in the philippines.trichomonads are amitochondrial anaerobic flagellated protists that are either parasites or commensals, generally living in the digestive or genitourinary tract of humans and animals. it has been reported that these protozoa can migrate to other sites in their target host, can adapt to new hosts, and are capable of zoonotic transmission. in this study, 59 trichomonad isolates from different animal hosts in the philippines were identified and characterized. primer sets were designed and were succ ...201323622817
pegylated filgrastim is comparable with filgrastim as support for commonly used chemotherapy regimens: a multicenter, randomized, crossover phase 3 study.the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a single subcutaneous injection of pegylated filgrastim with daily filgrastim as a prophylaxis for neutropenia induced by commonly used chemotherapy regimens. fifteen centers enrolled 337 chemotherapy-naive cancer patients with normal bone marrow function. all patients randomized into aob and boa arms received two cycles of chemotherapy. patients received a single dose of pegylated filgrastim 100 µg/kg in cycle 1 (aob) or cycle ...201323571496
diagnosis and treatment of a pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a madagascar ground boa (boa madagascariensis).a 15-yr-old female madagascar ground boa (boa madagascariensis) presented with a history of anorexia, wheezing, and occasional open-mouth breathing. on oral examination, a firm, caseous mass was noted in the right caudoventral pharyngeal region, which was confirmed as a carcinoma on incisional biopsy. advanced imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) was performed to evaluate local tumor invasion and to plan for palliative radiation therapy. however, following the second trea ...201323505715
burkholderia oklahomensis agglutinin is a canonical two-domain oaa-family lectin: structures, carbohydrate binding and anti-hiv activity.burkholderia oklahomensis eo147 agglutinin (boa) is a 29 kda member of the oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (oaa) family of lectins. members of the oaa family recognize high-mannose glycans, and, by binding to the hiv envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120), block the virus from binding to and entering the host cell, thereby inhibiting infection. oaa-family lectins comprise either one or two homologous domains, with a single domain possessing two glycan binding sites. we solved the structure of boa in ...201323480609
computation of the electronic flux density in the born-oppenheimer approximation.a molecule in the electronic ground state described in the born–oppenheimer approximation (boa) by the wave function ψbo = φ0χ0 (where φ0 is the time-independent electronic energy eigenfunction and χ0 is a time-dependent nuclear wave packet) exhibits a nonzero nuclear flux density, whereas it always displays zero electronic flux density (efd), because the electrons are in a stationary state. a hierarchical approach to the computation of the efd within the context of the boa, which utilizes only ...201323425513
benzoxazinoids in rye allelopathy - from discovery to application in sustainable weed control and organic farming.the allelopathic potency of rye (secale cereale l.) is due mainly to the presence of phytotoxic benzoxazinones-compounds whose biosynthesis is developmentally regulated, with the highest accumulation in young tissue and a dependency on cultivar and environmental influences. benzoxazinones can be released from residues of greenhouse-grown rye at levels between 12 and 20 kg/ha, with lower amounts exuded by living plants. in soil, benzoxazinones are subject to a cascade of transformation reactions, ...201323385365
[a surgeon's fees in court (vila boa de goiás, 1801)].the article explores the lawsuit brought by surgeon-major andré villela da cunha roza against joanna da fonseca coutinha in vila boa de goiás in 1801 to recover fees for his services. it examines the health care rendered to slaves, the scarcity and rising prices of these captives, the precarious training received by doctores and surgeons, and the ethical issues entailed in charging the fees in question.201223370110
intracoelomic anaplastic sarcoma in an intersex madagascar tree boa (sanzinia madagascariensis).an adult madagascar tree boa (sanzinia madagascariensis) underwent coeliotomy for investigation of a coelomic mass. at surgery, a large mass originating from the peri-pancreatic adipose tissue and involving the gall bladder was removed. the snake did not recover from general anesthesia. a complete postmortem was performed, and samples were submitted to the university of glasgow for histopathology. on histological examination, the mass was composed of adipose tissue infiltrated with a poorly dema ...201323345276
chemosensory age discrimination in the snake boa constrictor (serpentes: boidae).many snakes are able to use their chemosensory system to detect scent of conspecifics, which is important in many social contexts. age discrimination based on chemical cues may be especially important to ensure access to sexually mature potential partners. in this study, we used 24 individual boa constrictor snakes (12 adults mature and 12 non-mature individuals) that had been captured in different areas of ecuador, and were maintained in captivity at the vivarium of quito. we used tongue-flick ...201223342514
triatomines in dwellings and outbuildings in an endemic area of chagas disease in northeastern brazil.the present study identified the triatomines collected in intra and peri-domestic environments, observed the occurrence of trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatomines and correlated this information with housing conditions and the fauna associated with the rural areas of the city of itabaianinha, located in the state of sergipe, brazil.201223295872
faunistic analysis of the species of anastrepha schiner (diptera: tephritidae) in three municipalities of the state of roraima, brazil.the purpose of this work was to describe the population patterns of anastrepha in three municipalities of the state of roraima, brazil, via faunistic analysis. weekly collections were performed from january through december 2008, using mcphail traps containing 5% hydrolysed protein, in domestic orchards in the municipalities of boa vista, bonfim and pacaraima. we captured 301 females of anastrepha in boa vista, 212 in bonfim, and 167 in pacaraima. boa vista presented the highest species richness ...201223295509
basal blood flow and autoregulation changes in the optic nerve of rhesus monkeys with idiopathic bilateral optic atrophy.to characterize the hemodynamic features and the association with structural damage in the optic nerve head (onh) of idiopathic bilateral optic atrophy (boa) in rhesus macaque monkeys.201323287792
three-dimensional locations of destinations have species-dependent effects on the choice of paths and the gap-bridging performance of arboreal snakes.challenges for moving in arboreal environments include sizable gaps and variable three-dimensional locations between the discrete destinations created by branches. different three-dimensional orientations of the body change the mechanical demands of crossing gaps, especially for elongate animals, but these effects on both the maximal gap distance crossed (gapmax ) and the choice of destinations are poorly understood despite many animals frequently encountering these circumstances. we tested and ...201323281077
vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the phosphate mineral ludlamite (fe,mn,mg)₃(po₄)₂⋅4h₂o - a mineral found in lithium bearing pegmatites.the objective of this work is to analyze ludlamite (fe,mn,mg)(3)(po(4))(2)⋅4h(2)o from boa vista mine, galiléia, brazil and to assess the molecular structure of the mineral. the phosphate mineral ludlamite has been characterized by emp-wds, raman and infrared spectroscopic measurements. the mineral is shown to be a ferrous phosphate with some minor substitution of mg and mn. raman bands at 917 and 950 cm(-1) are assigned to the symmetric stretching mode of hopo(3)(2-) and po(4)(3-) units. raman ...201323257342
development of snake-directed antipredator behavior by wild white-faced capuchin monkeys: i. snake-species discrimination.young animals are known to direct alarm calls at a wider range of species than adults. our field study examined age-related differences in the snake-directed antipredator behavior of infant, juvenile, and adult white-faced capuchin monkeys (cebus capucinus) in terms of alarm calling, looking behavior, and aggressive behavior. in the first experiment, we exposed infant and juvenile white-faced capuchins to realistic-looking inflatable models of their two snake predators, the boa constrictior (boa ...201323229464
prevalence and molecular identification of cryptosporidium isolates from pet lizards and snakes in italy.in order to acquire prevalence and genetic data on cryptosporidium infections in captive lizards and snakes kept as pets, a survey was conducted on 150 individual reptiles from southern italy. fecal samples were preserved in 5% formalin and analyzed using a commercial immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for the detection of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts. ifa revealed the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts in nine of the 150 samples examined (6.0%), precisely in 6/125 snakes (4.8%) and in ...201223193530
fitness evaluation of two brazilian aedes aegypti field populations with distinct levels of resistance to the organophosphate temephos.in brazil, decades of dengue vector control using organophosphates and pyrethroids have led to dissemination of resistance. although these insecticides have been employed for decades against aedes aegypti in the country, knowledge of the impact of temephos resistance on vector viability is limited. we evaluated several fitness parameters in two brazilian ae. aegypti populations, both classified as deltamethrin resistant but with distinct resistant ratios (rr) for temephos. the insecticide-suscep ...201223147149
in silico characterization of three two-component systems of ehrlichia canis and evaluation of a natural plant-derived inhibitor.two-component signal transduction systems (tcs) are important elements in the interaction of endobacteria with host cells. they are basically composed of two proteins, an environmental signal sensor and a response regulator, which activate genes involved in a wide range of bacterial responses to their environment. we analyzed three sets of genes corresponding to tcs of ehrlichia canis, a common tick-borne canine pathogen and the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in order to ident ...201223096683
parthenogenesis in a brazilian rainbow boa (epicrates cenchria cenchria).a 22-year-old captive brazilian rainbow boa (epicrates cenchria cenchria) gave birth to four offspring after being housed with a vasectomized male. sexual reproduction as a result of failed prior vasectomy, recanalization of the vas deferens, or prolonged sperm storage was ruled out using the clinical history, histopathology, and gross necropsy. short tandem repeat (str) dna markers were genotyped in the male, female, and four offspring. none of the offspring possessed a diagnostic str allele pr ...201323086743
traditional uses of medicinal animals in the semi-arid region of northeastern brazil.the present work presents an inventory of the traditional medicinal uses of animals in the municipality of bom sucesso in paraíba state (pb) in the semiarid northeastern region of brazil. information was obtained through the use of semi-structured interviews with 50 people who use zootherapeutic products. a total of 25 animal species used for medicinal purposes were identified (18 vertebrates and seven invertebrates) distributed among five taxonomic categories; the groups with the largest number ...201223050756
phytotoxic effect of 2-benzoxazolinone (boa) against some vegetable crops.benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) is a well known allelochemical that is being explored for its herbicidal activity. however, not much is known about its effect on crop plants. the present study investigated the effect of boa on germination and early growth of four vegetable crops viz. pisum sativum l., raphanus sativus l., brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis and brassica oleracea l. var. capitata. at 1000 microm, germination of p. sativum, r. sativus and b. oleracea var. botrytis was reduced by more ...201223033638
is telomere length a biomarker for aging: cross-sectional evidence from the west of scotland?the search for biomarkers of aging (boas) has been largely unsuccessful to-date and there is widespread skepticism about the prospects of finding any that satisfy the criteria developed by the american federation of aging research. this may be because the criteria are too strict or because a composite measure might be more appropriate. telomere length has attracted a great deal of attention as a candidate boa. we investigate whether it meets the criteria to be considered as a single biomarker of ...201223028820
identification, characterization, and in vitro culture of highly divergent arenaviruses from boa constrictors and annulated tree boas: candidate etiological agents for snake inclusion body disease.inclusion body disease (ibd) is an infectious fatal disease of snakes typified by behavioral abnormalities, wasting, and secondary infections. at a histopathological level, the disease is identified by the presence of large eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple tissues. to date, no virus or other pathogen has been definitively characterized or associated with the disease. using a metagenomic approach to search for candidate etiologic agents in snakes with confirmed ibd, we identified a ...201222893382
long-term risk of vascular events after peripheral bypass surgery. a cohort study.patients with peripheral arterial disease (pad) are at high risk of major ischaemic events. long-term data of all major ischaemic events in pad patients are scarce and outdated, especially for patients with severe pad requiring bypass surgery. our objective was to define their long-term prognosis and develop a prediction model which quantifies this risk up to a decade after surgery. we conducted a retrospective cohort study in patients from the dutch bypass oral anticoagulants or aspirin (boa) s ...201222871801
interview: partnering with the industry: the olympic laboratory model.david a cowan and campbell p barker speak to ryan de vooght-johnson at bioanalysis in may 2012 about the partnership between industry and academia for the setup and running of the doping-control laboratory for the london 2012 olympic games. david a cowan is director of the london 2012 anti-doping laboratory as well as director of the king's college london drug control centre, the uk's only wada-accredited anti-doping laboratory, and head of the department of forensic science and drug monitoring. ...201222831471
[the effect of physiologically active compounds on the production of ethylene and the activity of polygalacturonase inhibiting protein in fruits].the treatment of apple and banana fruits with 2-cefa and ethacyde induced the production of ethylene and accelerated the ripening and accumulation of acc in apple fruits. inhibitors aoa, avg, and cocl2 acted at the different steps of ethylene biosynthesis, inhibited the physiological aging process and increased storage longevity. treatment with astaxantine and boa delayed the pick of ethylene production by fruits. the content of pgip was correlated with intensity of ethylene production. the infe ...201522808745
cardiac tamponade following cardiocentesis in a cardiopathic boa constrictor imperator (boa constrictor imperator). 201222784300
[inequalities in access to and utilization of dental care in brazil: an analysis of the telephone survey surveillance system for risk and protective factors for chronic diseases (vigitel 2009)].this study aimed to evaluate access to and utilization of various types of dental services by individuals 18 years or older in brazil's state capitals. we gathered data from the telephone survey surveillance system for risk and protective factors for chronic diseases (vigitel) in 2009 (n = 54,367). more than half of the target population reported the need for dental treatment in the previous year; of these, 15.2% lacked access to dental services when needed. the private sector provided 61.1% of ...201222714973
recovery of aeromonas hydrophila associated with bacteraemia in captive snakes.captive snakes, that is, a jamaican boa (epicrates subflavus) a yellow anaconda (eunectes notaeus) and a corn snake (pantherophis guttatus guttatus), died with signs of bacteraemia including the presence of petechial haemorrhages in the mouth and gums and haemorrhages in the lung, spleen and intestines. the abdomen and anus were swollen with bloody-tinged mucus in the colon. aeromonas hydrophila was recovered in dense virtually pure culture growth from the internal organs. characterization of th ...201222680932
boa detoxification of four summer weeds during germination and seedling growth.a recent greenhouse study revealed a significant reduction of germination and growth of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) and common purslane (portulaca oleracea) by rye mulch, whereas velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti) and common lambsquarters (chenopodium album) were not suppressed. since boa detoxification by metabolic alteration may influence the relation between the benzoxazinoid content of the soil mulch and weed suppression, we tested the dynamics in boa detoxification in different ...201222614450
phylogenomics of the benzoxazinoid biosynthetic pathway of poaceae: gene duplications and origin of the bx cluster.the benzoxazinoids 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7- methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa), are key defense compounds present in major agricultural crops such as maize and wheat. their biosynthesis involves nine enzymes thought to form a linear pathway leading to the storage of di(m)boa as glucoside conjugates. seven of the genes (bx1-bx6 and bx8) form a cluster at the tip of the short arm of maize chromosome 4 that includes four p450 genes (bx2-5) belonging to the ...201222577841
imaging a boa constrictor--the incomplete double aortic arch syndrome.incomplete double aortic arch is a rare anomaly resulting from atresia rather than complete involution in the distal left arch resulting in a non-patent fibrous cord between the left arch and descending thoracic aorta. this anatomic anomaly may cause symptomatic vascular rings, leading to stridor, wheezing, or dysphagia, requiring surgical transection of the fibrous cord. herein, we describe an asymptomatic 59 year-old man presenting for contrast-enhanced ct angiography to assess cardiac anatomy ...201222542042
ultrasonographic anatomy of the coelomic organs of boid snakes (boa constrictor imperator, python regius, python molurus molurus, and python curtus).to determine the ultrasonographic features of the coelomic organs of healthy snakes belonging to the boidae and pythonidae families.201222533394
concentrations and allelopathic effects of benzoxazinoid compounds in soil treated with rye (secale cereale) cover crop.the concentration of benzoxazinoids (bx) was measured in field soils at selected intervals after rye residue was either incorporated or left on the soil surface. the spectrum of compounds arising in the soil persisted approximately two weeks and was dominated by methoxy containing bx compounds, which were only minor components of the rye foliage. growth assays with lettuce and smooth pigweed species showed inhibition when treated soils were tested during the first two weeks after rye application ...201222500621
stable isotope tracer reveals that viviparous snakes transport amino acids to offspring during gestation.viviparity and placentation have evolved from oviparity over 100 times in squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes). the independent origins of placentation have resulted in a variety of placental morphologies in different taxa, ranging from simple apposition of fetal and maternal tissues to endotheliochorial implantation that is homoplasious with mammalian placentation. because the eggs of oviparous squamates transport gases and water from the environment and calcium from the eggshell, the placent ...201222323198
snake modulates constriction in response to prey's heartbeat.many species of snakes use constriction-the act of applying pressure via loops of their trunk-to subdue and kill their prey. constriction is costly and snakes must therefore constrict their prey just long enough to ensure death. however, it remains unknown how snakes determine when their prey is dead. here, we demonstrate that boas (boa constrictor) have the remarkable ability to detect a heartbeat in their prey and, based on this signal, modify the pressure and duration of constriction accordin ...201222258447
what is your diagnosis? blood film from a boa constrictor. 201222250973
complete genome sequence of a dengue virus serotype 4 strain isolated in roraima, brazil.dengue is the most important arboviral disease worldwide. we report the complete genome sequence of a dengue virus serotype 4, genotype ii strain isolated in 2010 from a patient with classical dengue fever in boa vista, roraima, brazil.022247521
consent process for elective total hip and knee arthroplasty.to assess the consent process for elective primary total hip replacement (thr) and total knee replacement (tkr) in our hospital.201122184153
Frequency of species of Eimeria in females of the holstein-friesian breed at the post-weaning stage during autumn and winter.The frequency of species of the genus Eimeria in a dairy herd in the municipality of Boa Esperança, Southern region of the State of Minas Gerais was assessed. From 37 females of the Friesian breed aged three to seven months, 259 feces samples were analyzed between May and September 2008. The examinations to quantify oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) and identify Eimeria species were conducted at the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory of the Federal University of Lavras. Eleven species of Eimeria w ...201122166384
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