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carp-1 functional mimetics are novel inhibitors of drug-resistant triple negative breast cancers.doxorubicin and cisplatin are the frontline therapeutics for treatment of the triple negative breast cancers (tnbcs). emergence of drug-resistance often contributes to failure of drugs and poor prognosis, and thus necessitates development of new and improved modalities to treat tnbcs. we generated and characterized chemotherapy-resistant tnbc cells following their culture in chronic presence of doxorubicin or cisplatin, and tested whether their viabilities were inhibited by a novel class of carp ...201627687593
accumulation of metals in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to sublethal levels of iron and manganese: survival, body weight and tissue.many oxbows are contaminated by fe and mn as a consequence of the elemental concentration of sediment and water originating from the upper tisza region of hungary. the phenomenon is partly caused by anthropogenic activities and mainly due to the geochemical characteristics of the region. the effects of fe and mn on the aquatic ecosystem of these wetlands were investigated in a model experiments in this study. survival, individual body weight and the elemental concentrations of organs were determ ...201727683024
agaricus bisporus powder improved cutaneous mucosal and serum immune parameters and up-regulated intestinal cytokines gene expression in common carp (cyprinus carpio) fingerlings.the aim of the present study was to investigate immunomodulatory effects of agaricus bisporus, white bottom mushroom powder (wbmp) on common carp (cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. carps were fed on different levels of wbmp (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) for 8 weeks and at the end of feeding trial, skin mucus immune parameters (total ig, lysozyme and protease activity), cytokines gene expression (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8) in intestine as well as serum non-specific immune parameters (total ig, lysozyme and ach50) we ...201627678509
susceptibility of common carp and sunfish to a strain of francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis in a challenge experiment.francisellosis, an emerging disease in many fish species, can cause high mortality in affected populations. here we investigated the susceptibility of common carp cyprinus carpio and sunfish lepomis gibbosus to francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (fno), and possible transmission of the bacteria between the 2 fish species. in a challenge experiment, 3 groups of each species were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 3 different doses of an fno strain no. 9449 of the norwegian veterinary inst ...201627667813
assessment of heavy metal pollution risks in yonki reservoir environmental matrices affected by gold mining activity.this study reports the heavy metal (hg, cd, cr, cu, and pb) contamination risks to and safety of two species of fresh water fish (tilapia, oreochromis mossambicus and carp, cyprinus carpio) that are farmed in the yonki reservoir in the eastern highlands of papua new guinea (png). the upper reaches of the reservoir are affected by alluvial and large-scale gold mining activities. we also assessed heavy metal levels in the surface waters and sediments and in selected aquatic plant species from the ...201627663878
potential probiotics from indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala. characterization, pathogen inhibitory activity, partial characterization of bacteriocin and production of exoenzymes.the study explored antagonistic activity of the cellular components of potential probiotic bacteria from mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala) against fish pathogens with a basic insight of the chemical nature of the antagonistic compound. totally 208 autochthonous gut bacteria were isolated, of which 22 strains revealed antagonism towards ≥2 of the six common fish pathogens. zones of inhibition (halo diameter) were presented as score and the four most promising strains were selected as putative probiotics ...201627663374
genetic distances of crucian carp populations analyzed by pcr approach.genomic dnas isolated from crucian carp of four rivers, belonging to the family cyprinidae was amplified by seven oligonucleotides primers. in the present study, we employed hierarchical clustering method in order to reveal genetic distances and variations. crucian carp was acquired from hangang river (cah), geumgang river (cag), nakdonggang river (can) and yeongsangang river (cay). the primer bion-12 generated the most loci (a total of 50) with an average of 10 in the cay population. the primer ...201627660831
the p protein of spring viremia of carp virus negatively regulates the fish interferon response by inhibiting the kinase activity of tank-binding kinase 1.spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) is an efficient pathogen causing high mortality in the common carp. fish interferon (ifn) is a powerful cytokine enabling host cells to establish an antiviral response; therefore, the strategies that svcv uses to avoid the cellular ifn response were investigated. here, we report that the svcv p protein is phosphorylated by cellular tank-binding kinase 1 (tbk1), which decreases ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf3) phosphorylation and suppresses ifn production. first, ...201627654289
effect of single and combination of three triazine metabolites at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the sensitivity of early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to chronic exposure to single and combined environmental concentrations of the triazine metabolites terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy, terbuthylazine-desethyl and atrazine 2-hydroxy was evaluated under laboratory conditions. their effects were assessed on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, reduced glutathione), mortality, growth, developmen ...201627650852
histopathological effects following short-term coexposure of cyprinus carpio to nanoparticles of tio2 and cuo.the aim of this research was to investigate the coexposure of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (tio2) and copper oxide (cuo) on the alterations of the gill, intestine, kidney, and liver tissues of carps (cyprinus carpio). in this study, carps (length 23 ± 1.5 cm; weight 13 ± 1.3 g) were divided into six groups of 15 each and exposed to 2.5 and 5.0 mg l(-1) of cuo nanoparticles (nps), 10.0 mg l(-1) of tio2 nps, and 2.5 and 5.0 mg l(-1) of cuo nps + 10.0 mg l(-1) of tio2 np mixture. fish were sam ...201627650436
molecular characterization and growth association of two apolipoprotein a-ib genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i) is functionally involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in vertebrates. in this study, two isoforms of apoa-ib in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were characterized. sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that c. carpio apoa-ib is relatively conserved within cyprinid fishes. during embryonic development, c. carpio apoa-ib was first expressed at the stage of multi-cells, and the highest mrna level was observed at the stage of optic vesicl ...201627649163
protein profile of seminal plasma and functionality of spermatozoa during the reproductive season in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).the purpose of the study was to analyze seminal plasma composition, sperm production, and sperm motility over the course of the spawning season in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the highest mean percent of motile sperm (carp, 98.3 ± 1.6%; rainbow trout, 92.8 ± 5.6%) and highest spermatozoon velocity (carp, 286.3 ± 7.8 μm sec(-1) ; rainbow trout, 245.3 ± 8.3 μm sec(-1) ) were observed in the middle phase of the spawning period, at 5 sec post-activation. ...201627641056
characterization of sections of the sava river based on fish community structure.sampling was undertaken, with the same fishing gear and along the sava river, from its source to its confluence, in september 2014 and september 2015. in total, 44 fish species were identified, of which 37 were native species and 7 were alien. fish samples revealed independence in terms of both species composition and their abundance under different hydrological conditions. during flooding and high water levels in 2014, pelagic fish species were sampled in greater proportion than at lower water ...201727639023
copper bioaccumulation and depuration in common carp (cyprinus carpio) following co-exposure to tio2 and cuo nanoparticles.metal oxide nanoparticles (nps), such as tio2 and cuo, are widely applied in an increasing number of products and applications, and therefore their release to the aquatic ecosystems is unavoidable. however, little is known about joint toxicity of different nps on tissues of aquatic organisms, such as fish. this study was conducted to assess the uptake and depuration of cu following exposure to cuo nps in the presence of tio2 nps in the liver, intestine, muscle, and gill of common carp, cyprinus ...201627638716
polysaccharides from marine macroalga, padina gymnospora improve the nonspecific and specific immune responses of cyprinus carpio and protect it from different pathogens.immunostimulation by plant-derived compounds presents a fascinating alternative to vaccines and antibiotics in aquaculture. fish farmers are longing for immunostimulants that activate both specific and nonspecific immune responses of fish and protect fishes from all possible infections. in this study, we observed that polysaccharide fraction from marine macroalga, padina gymnospora stimulated the immune response of common carp cyprinus carpio (filed for patent, indian patent no. 201641027311 dat ...201627633680
the effect of silver carp skin-derived peptides on the activities of vegf and hsp70.1 gene transcription promoters.studies conducted on human cell culture models have demonstrated that collagen-derived peptides can exert a beneficial effect in medicine. however, all these studies were conducted using animal collagen samples, most often originating from bovine or porcine skin. currently attempts are being made to replace animal collagen with fish collagen.201627629728
identification of small peptides of acidic collagen extracts from silver carp skin and their therapeutic relevance.low-temperature techniques that prevent protein denaturation are being used to extract collagen from fish skin for cosmetic purposes. these extracts contain collagen with its triple helix structure preserved, as well as a number of other proteins.201627627554
gonadotropins in the russian sturgeon: their role in steroid secretion and the effect of hormonal treatment on their secretion.in the reproduction process of male and female fish, pituitary derived gonadotropins (gths) play a key role. to be able to specifically investigate certain functions of luteinizing (lh) and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) in russian sturgeon (acipenser gueldenstaedtii; st), we produced recombinant variants of the hormones using the yeast pichia pastoris as a protein production system. we accomplished to create in vitro biologically active heterodimeric glycoproteins consisting of two associat ...201627622546
aphanius sophiae (actinoptrygii, cyprinodontidae), a new host for ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora) reported from iran.aphanius sophiae (heckel, 1849) or soffia tooth-carp is endemic species to the endorheic kor river basin, fars province, southwest of iran. in spite of importance of this species as a biologic control of anopheles larvae, little attention has been paid to its diseases particularly parasitic infections. a total of 24 a. sophiae (12 males and 12 females) in safashahr spring, kor river basin, were collected by using dip net in february 2012. surface of all fish were gross examined and screened for ...201627605832
nkx2.5/carp signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of ion channel remodeling induced by rapid pacing in rat atrial myocytes.remodeling of atrial electrophysiology and structure is the primary feature of atrial fibrillation (af). evidence suggests that abnormalities in the expression levels of embryological cardiovascular development‑associated transcription factors, including nkx2.5, are crucial for the development of af. rat atrial myocardial cells (amcs) in culture dishes were placed in an electric field and stimulated. transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastucture prior to and following ra ...201627600472
detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in imported amphibians reveals an unanticipated foreign animal disease threat.global translocation of plants and animals is a well-recognized mechanism for introduction of pathogens into new regions. to mitigate this risk, various tools such as preshipment health certificates, quarantines, screening for specific disease agents and outright bans have been implemented. however, such measures only target known infectious agents and their hosts and may fail to prevent translocation of even well-recognized pathogens if they are carried by novel host species. in a recent exampl ...201627599472
the impact of stunning methods on stress conditions and quality of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets stored at 4°c during 72h postmortem.this study aimed to evaluate different stunning methods [percussion (t1), immersion in ice/water slurry (t2), and gill cut (t3)] on quality and stress conditions of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets stored at 4°c in 72h postmortem. rigor index (ri%), behavioral analysis, levels of lactic acid and muscle glycogen were measured for stress level evaluation. meanwhile, sensory assessment, texture properties, cooking loss, adenosine triphosphate (atp) related compounds, adenosine mono ...201727596401
exposure to sub-acute doses of fipronil and buprofezin in combination or alone induces biochemical, hematological, histopathological and genotoxic damage in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).use of pesticides or insecticides can be highly toxic to aquatic life forms due to leaching and agricultural runoff, rains or flood. fipronil (fp) is a gaba receptor inhibitor, while buprofezin (bpfn) is an insect growth regulator. presently, we exposed groups of aquaria acclimated carp fish (cyprinus carpio) for 96h to sub-lethal concentrations of fipronil (400μgl(-1); 9.15×10(-7)moll(-1)) and buprofezin (bpfn, 100mgl(-1); 1.072×10(-6)moll(-1)) singly or in combination. the extent of damage was ...201627595653
complete genome sequence and architecture of crucian carp carassius auratus herpesvirus (cahv).crucian carp carassius auratus herpesvirus (cahv) was isolated from diseased crucian carp with acute gill hemorrhages and high mortality. the cahv genome was sequenced and analyzed. the data showed that it consists of 275,348 bp and contains 150 predicted orfs. the architecture of the cahv genome differs from those of four cyprinid herpesviruses (cyhv1, cyhv2, sy-c1, cyhv3), with insertions, deletions and the absence of a terminal direct repeat. phylogenetic analysis of the dna polymerase sequen ...201627591780
a full-body transcriptome and proteome resource for the european common carp.the common carp (cyprinus carpio) is the oldest, most domesticated and one of the most cultured fish species for food consumption. besides its economic importance, the common carp is also highly suitable for comparative physiological and disease studies in combination with the animal model zebrafish (danio rerio). they are genetically closely related but offer complementary benefits for fundamental research, with the large body mass of common carp presenting possibilities for obtaining sufficien ...201627590662
carp il10a and il10b exert identical biological activities in vitro, but are differentially regulated in vivo.we recently reported on the functional characterization of carp il10. we showed that carp il10 is able to downregulate proinflammatory activities by carp phagocytes and promote b cell proliferation, differentiation and antibody production as well as proliferation of memory t cells. taking advantage of the recent annotation of the carp genome, we completed the sequence of a second il10 paralogue, named il10b, the presence of which was expected owing to the recent (8 million years ago) fourth roun ...201727586813
molecular characterization of activin receptor type iia and its expression during gonadal maturation and growth stages in rohu carp.activin receptor type iia (actriia), a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor is an important regulator of physiological traits, viz., reproduction and body growth in vertebrates including teleosts. however, existing knowledge of its role in regulating fish physiology is limited. to address this, we have cloned and characterized the actriia cdna of labeo rohita (rohu), an economically important fish species of the indian subcontinent. comparative expression profiling of the receptor gene ...201727575753
lipid composition in common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm possessing different cryoresistance.the present study examined the lipid composition of plasma membranes in carp sperm with different post-thaw motility. the approach adapted for carp sperm cryopreservation, which involves the selection of the most effective protocol for individual males by comparing two cryoprotective media, was applied to the cryopreservation procedure. sperm motility prior to freezing was greater than 80% but decreased to 40% in one group and to 10% in another group following cryopreservation. lipid content of ...201627574978
improvement of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm cryopreservation using a programable freezer.the applicability of a programmable freezer for the increased-scale cryopreservation of common carp sperm was investigated. the effect of different equilibration times, cryopreservation methods, extenders, dilution ratios, activating solutions on the post-thaw motility of common carp sperm was investigated. the suitable post-thaw storage time-interval as well as fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm was also examined. the motility, curvilinear velocity (vcl) and straightness (str) values d ...201627570061
infection and immunity against ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (danio rerio).ichthyophthirius multifiliis, causing white spot disease, is a serious pathogen in aquaculture as well as for the ornamental fish industry. in carp, channel catfish and rainbow trout the immune responses against the parasite have been partly elucidated and these species are able to acquire a high level of immunity against the disease. zebrafish are however, known to be more resilient towards the disease than channel catfish but the pathology and the ability to obtain protection is unknown. in th ...201627567935
impacts of loach bioturbation on the selective bioaccumulation of hbcdd diastereoisomers and enantiomers by mirror carp in a microcosm.to assess the impacts of bioturbation at the water-sediment interface on the bioaccumulation of hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (hbcdds) by pelagic organisms and the bioisomerization and enantioselectivity therein, we built microcosms containing water, mirror carp (cyprinus carpio), and sediment. the microcosms were sorted into two groups, with or without loach (misgurnus anguillicaudatus) living at the water-sediment interface. a 50-d accumulation test was conducted by spiking the micro ...201627565315
dimethoate induced behavioural changes in juveniles of cyprinus carpio var. communis under temperate conditions of kashmir, india.the present study was designed to investigate acute toxicity of dimethoate on juvenile cyprinus carpio var. communis. fishes weighing 10 ± 2 gms were selected and mortality data was statistically evaluated by finney's probit method. the 96-hour lc50 value for cyprinus carpio was found as 1.1 ppm in static bioassay system. mean values of physicochemical parameters of aquarium waters determined during bioassay depicted slight variation indicating that the mortality in aquarium fishes occurred due ...201627563689
how could fully scaled carps appear in natural waters in madagascar?the capacity of organisms to rapidly evolve in response to environmental changes is a key feature of evolution, and studying mutation compensation is a way to evaluate whether alternative routes of evolution are possible or not. common carps (cyprinus carpio) carrying a homozygous loss-of-function mutation for the scale cover gene fgfr1a1, causing the 'mirror' reduced scale cover, were introduced in madagascar a century ago. here we show that carps in malagasy natural waters are now predominantl ...201627559059
probiotic potential of autochthonous bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four freshwater teleosts.in this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida, aeromonas sobria and pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. the isol ...201727557836
toxic effects of copper sulfate and copper nanoparticles on minerals, enzymes, thyroid hormones and protein fractions of plasma and histopathology in common carp cyprinus carpio.differences in toxicological effects of dissolved copper and copper nanoparticles were studied in common carp, cyprinus carpio. the fish were exposed to 0.25mgl(-1) copper as copper sulfate (0.25cu), 0.25mgl(-1) copper as copper oxide nanoparticles (0.25ncu) and 25mgl(-1) copper as copper oxide nanoparticles (25ncu) over 14days. plasma biochemical, enzymatic and hormonal characteristics, and liver and kidney histopathology were examined at the end of the experiment. the results showed that both ...201627555376
anti-carbamylated protein antibodies as a reproducible independent type of rheumatoid arthritis autoantibodies.a large fraction of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) develop specific autoantibodies, which until recently were only of two types, rheumatoid factor (rf) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa). we aimed to replicate important findings about a recently described third type of specific autoantibodies, anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies, because they have been described based only in the homemade elisa from a single laboratory. our study included 520 patients with ...201627537849
carp interacts with titin at a unique helical n2a sequence and at the domain ig81 to form a structured complex.the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is up-regulated in the myocardium during cardiovascular disease and in response to mechanical or toxic stress. stress-induced carp interacts with the n2a spring region of the titin filament to modulate muscle compliance. we characterize the interaction between carp and titin-n2a and show that the binding site in titin spans the dual domain un2a-ig81. we find that the unique sequence un2a is not structurally disordered, but that it has a stable, elongated ...201627531639
determination of eugenol in fish and shrimp muscle tissue by stable isotope dilution assay and solid-phase extraction coupled gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.in this study, we developed a new method for the accurate quantification of eugenol in fish samples based on stable isotope dilution assay (sida) and solid-phase extraction (spe) coupled gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (sida-spe-gc-ms/ms). due to the difference of matrix effect (me), it was difficult to determine accurately the level of eugenol residue in different fish and shrimp samples based on external standard calibration method. sida was applied to compensate matrix ...201627531030
cell fusion as the formation mechanism of unreduced gametes in the gynogenetic diploid hybrid fish.the gynogenetic diploid hybrid clone line (gdh) derived from red crucian carp (♀ rcc) × common carp (♂ cc) possesses the unusual reproductive trait of producing unreduced diploid eggs. to identify the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we examined the structure, in vivo developmental process and in vitro dynamic development of the gdh gonad. in summary, compared with rcc and cc, gdh showed certain special straits. first, a high frequency (84.7%) of germ cell fusion occurred in gonadal tissue ...201627530321
association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms in leptin and growth traits in cyprinus carpio var. jian.leptin is a hormone that affects the regulation of body weight, energy expenditure, fat metabolism, food intake, and appetite. in this study, we cloned the jllep-a1 and jllep-a2 genes in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) and performed an association analysis between identified polymorphisms and growth traits. three polymorphisms in exons of jllep-a1 (a1-t113c) and jllep-a2 (a2-g415a and a2-g427a) were identified, and genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length po ...201627525905
reference gene validation for quantification of gene expression during final oocyte maturation induced by diethylstilbestrol and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in common carp.final oocyte maturation is the key step to successful spawning and fertilization. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) is the technique of election to quantify the abundance of functional genes in such study. reference gene is essential for correct interpretation of qpcr data. however, an ideal universal reference gene that is stable under all experimental circumstances has not been described. researchers should validate their reference genes while performing qpcr analysis. the expression of 6 cand ...201627521935
transcriptome signatures in common carp spleen in response to aeromonas hydrophila infection.the common carp is an important aquaculture species that is worldwide distributed. nowadays, intensive rearing in aquaculture increases the susceptibility of fish to various pathogens such as aeromonas hydrophila, which has caused severe damage to carp production. however, systematic analysis on the host response of common carp against a. hydrophila is less studied. in order to better understand the common carp immune response process against bacteria at the global gene expression level, we exam ...201627521591
the composition of furan fatty acids in the crayfish.capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis of the sterol ester fatty acid methyl esters of the crayfish hepatopancreas revealed the presence of at least 30 kinds of unusual furan fatty acids (f acids), which accounted for 28.49% of the total sterol ester fatty acids. on the other hand, only small amounts were found in triacylglycerols (0.5%) and phospholipids (0.7%). among the f acids, 17 acids were the hitherto unknown ones, the major component being 12,15-epoxy-13,14-dimet ...198827520122
molecular characterisation of a disseminated cryptosporidium infection in a koi carp (cyprinus carpio).cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of hosts, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in fish. here we report a disseminated cryptosporidium infection in a male koi carp (cyprinus carpio), with parasite stages identified deep within the epithelium of the intestine, kidneys, spleen, liver and gills causing severe granulomatous inflammatory lesions. molecular characterization at two loci; 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) and actin, revealed ...201627514884
environment shapes the fecal microbiome of invasive carp species.although the common, silver, and bighead carps are native and sparsely distributed in eurasia, these fish have become abundant and invasive in north america. an understanding of the biology of these species may provide insights into sustainable control methods. the animal-associated microbiome plays an important role in host health. characterization of the carp microbiome and the factors that affect its composition is an important step toward understanding the biology and interrelationships betw ...201627514729
a scalable approach to capacitated arc routing problems based on hierarchical decomposition.the capacitated arc routing problem (carp) is a challenging optimization problem with lots of applications in the real world. numerous approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem. most of these methods, albeit showing good performance on carp instances of small and median sizes, do not scale well to large-scale carps, e.g., taking at least a few hours to achieve a satisfactory solution on a carp instance with thousands of tasks. in this paper, an efficient and scalable approach is propo ...201627514069
carbonic anhydrases in cnidarians: novel perspectives from the octocorallian corallium rubrum.although the ability to elaborate calcium carbonate biominerals was apparently gained independently during animal evolution, members of the alpha carbonic anhydrases (α-cas) family, which catalyze the interconversion of co2 into hco3-, are involved in the biomineralization process across metazoans. in the mediterranean red coral corallium rubrum, inhibition studies suggest an essential role of cas in the synthesis of two biominerals produced in this octocoral, the axial skeleton and the sclerite ...201627513959
acute ammonia toxicity in crucian carp carassius auratus and effects of taurine on hyperammonemia.the four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of crucian carp carassius auratus to ammonia toxicity and taurine: group 1 was injected with nacl, group 2 was injected with ammonium acetate, group 3 was injected with ammonium acetate and taurine, and group 4 was injected with taurine. fish in group 2 had the highest ammonia and glutamine contents, and the lowest glutamate content in liver and brain. serum superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione (gsh) activities, red cell count ...201627510860
benchmark dataset for undirected and mixed capacitated arc routing problems under time restrictions with intermediate facilities.in this article we present benchmark datasets for the mixed capacitated arc routing problem under time restrictions with intermediate facilities (mcarptif). the problem is a generalisation of the capacitated arc routing problem (carp), and closely represents waste collection routing. four different test sets are presented, each consisting of multiple instance files, and which can be used to benchmark different solution approaches for the mcarptif. an in-depth description of the datasets can be f ...201627508252
a silver carp skin derived collagen in bone defect treatment-a histological study in a rat model.in recent years, there has been increasing interest in elaboration of novel therapeutic strategies, such as the use of the marine collagen products. biochemical properties of marine collagen are different from those of mammalian collagen; e.g., its extremely high solubility in diluted acid. extracts produced using low temperature techniques contain a number of small proteins and collagen with preserved triple helix structure. the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a new marine pro ...201627507153
draining and liming of ponds as an effective measure for containment of cyhv-3 in carp farms.infections of common carp cyprinus carpio and koi, its coloured morphotypes, with the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) can induce severe clinical signs and increased mortality in affected stocks. this may significantly challenge the economic basis of carp farming in central europe. to limit virus spread in carp farms, effective disinfection measures for ponds stocked with infected populations are required. in the traditional european pond aquaculture of carp, draining and liming of ponds with qui ...201627503923
zebrafish irf1, irf3, and irf7 differentially regulate ifnφ1 and ifnφ3 expression through assembly of homo- or heteroprotein complexes.in mammals, ifn regulatory factor (irf)1, irf3, and irf7 are three critical transcription factors that are pivotal for cooperative regulation of the type i ifn response. in this study, we explored the relative contribution of zebrafish (danio rerio) irf1 (drirf1), irf3 (drirf3), and irf7 (drirf7) (drirf1/3/7) to zebrafish ifnφ1 (drifnφ1) and ifnφ3 (drifnφ3) (drifnφ1/3) activation. following spring viremia of carp virus infection, drifnφ1/3 and drirf1/3/7 transcripts are significantly induced in ...201627496972
the life cycle of thelohanellus kitauei (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting common carp (cyprinus carpio) involves aurantiactinomyxon in branchiura sowerbyi.thelohanellus kitauei is a freshwater myxosporean parasite causing intestinal giant cystic disease of common carp. to clarify the life cycle of t. kitauei, we investigated the oligochaete populations in china and hungary. this study confirms two distinct aurantiactinomyxon morphotypes (aurantiactinomyxon type 1 and aurantiactinomyxon type 2) from branchiura sowerbyi as developmental stages of the life cycle of t. kitauei. the morphological characteristics and dna sequences of these two types are ...201627492197
effects of inducers of cytochrome p450s on enrofloxacin n-deethylation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio.in this study with crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio), the effect on enrofloxacin (ef) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cf) and on the activity of cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) and cytochrome p450 3a (cyp3a) was estimated following the oral administration of rifampicin (rif) (12mg/kg) and β-naphthoflavone (bnf) (12mg/kg), respectively. first, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) was used to detect the pharmacokinetics of ef with continual blood sampling. in rif-tre ...201627490210
effects of acute exposure to sublethal waterborne cadmium on energy homeostasis in silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix).effects of acute exposure to sublethal waterborne cadmium (cd) on energy homeostasis in filter-feeding fishes have rarely been studied. the response patterns of energy substances were investigated in juvenile silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exposed to sublethal waterborne cd for 96 h. the results showed the 96hlc50 of cd on juvenile silver carp was 1.723 mg/l. sublethal acute exposure of cd significantly affected the energy homeostasis of juvenile silver carp, including increase in pla ...201627488982
nuclear internal transcribed spacer-1 as a sensitive genetic marker for environmental dna studies in common carp cyprinus carpio.the recently developed environmental dna (edna) analysis has been used to estimate the distribution of aquatic vertebrates by using mitochondrial dna (mtdna) as a genetic marker. however, mtdna markers have certain drawbacks such as variable copy number and maternal inheritance. in this study, we investigated the potential of using nuclear dna (ncdna) as a more reliable genetic marker for edna analysis by using common carp (cyprinus carpio). we measured the copy numbers of cytochrome b (cytb) ge ...201727487846
mri-detected osteitis is not associated with the presence or level of acpa alone, but with the combined presence of acpa and rf.in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) bone marrow edema (bme, osteitis) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) are associated with radiographic progression. acpa have been associated with bme, but it is unknown if this association is confined to acpa and bme. we performed cross-sectional analysis of the association of acpa, rheumatoid factor (rf) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies with bme and other types of inflammation (synovitis, tenosynovitis) detected by magnetic resonanc ...201627485323
rapid detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in latently infected koi by recombinase polymerase amplification.since the emergence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), outbreaks have been devastating to common carp cyprinus carpio and koi (a variant of common carp), leading to high economic losses. current diagnostics for detecting cyhv-3 are limited in sensitivity and are further complicated by latency. here we describe the detection of cyhv-3 by recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa). the rpa assay can detect as low as 10 copies of the cyhv-3 genome by an isothermal reaction and yields results in ap ...201627485254
handling and storage procedures have variable effects on fatty acid content in fishes with different lipid quantities.it is commonly assumed that the most accurate data on fatty acid (fa) contents are obtained when samples are analyzed immediately after collection. for logistical reasons, however, this is not always feasible and samples are often kept on ice or frozen at various temperatures and for diverse time periods. we quantified temporal changes of selected fa (μg fame per mg tissue dry weight) from 6 fish species subjected to 2 handling and 3 storage methods and compared them to fa contents from muscle t ...201627479304
identification and expression analysis of cellular and viral micrornas in cyhv3-infected kcf-1 cells.micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas with approximately 22 nucleotides (nt) that are encoded by a diverse range of metazoan eukaryotes, plants and viruses. cyhv-3 (cyprinid herpesvirus-3) is a member of the alloherpesviridae virus family and has caused severe economic losses for the common carp and koi carp fishery industries. in this study, a total of 15,987,652 clean reads were generated from a cdna library of cyhv-3-infected kcf-1 (koi caudal fin) cells using high-throughput sequencin ...201627476971
retraction notice to "carrageenan: a natural seaweed polysaccharide and its applications" [carp 105 (2014) 97-112]. 201627474681
effects of carbon dioxide on juveniles of the freshwater mussel (lampsilis siliquoidea [unionidae]).carbon dioxide (co2 ) has shown promise as a tool to control movements of invasive asian carp, but its effects on native freshwater biota have not been well studied. the authors evaluated lethal and sublethal responses of juvenile fatmucket (lampsilis siliquoidea) mussels to co2 at levels (43-269 mg/l, mean concentration) that bracket concentrations effective for deterring carp movement. the 28-d lethal concentration to 50% of the mussels was 87.0 mg/l (95% confidence interval [ci] 78.4-95.9) an ...201727466973
fish gut microbiota analysis differentiates physiology and behavior of invasive asian carp and indigenous american fish. 201627458892
differential enrichment of ttf-i and tip5 in the t-like promoter structures of the rdna contribute to the epigenetic response of cyprinus carpio during environmental adaptation.to ensure homeostasis, ectothermic organisms adapt to environmental variations through molecular mechanisms. we previously reported that during the seasonal acclimatization of the common carp cyprinus carpio, molecular and cellular functions are reprogrammed, resulting in distinctive traits. importantly, the carp undergoes a drastic rearrangement of nucleolar components during adaptation. this ultrastructural feature reflects a fine modulation of rrna gene transcription. specifically, we identif ...201627458840
biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis, what is new?rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic inflammatory disease with autoimmune pathogenesis. it affects mainly small joints (of the hands and feet) and has many systemic manifestations. studying biomarkers in rheumatology intensely appeared from the need to understand the mechanisms underlying some rheumatic diseases. discovering new biomarkers with key roles in various stages of evolution, remains a subject of interest for ra. currently, according to the eular 2010 criteria, the rheumatoid factor ...201727453744
carp edema virus in polish aquaculture - evidence of significant sequence divergence and a new lineage in common carp cyprinus carpio (l.).fish samples initially collected by local veterinarians on the common and koi carp farms in poland between 2013 and 2015 as part of a khv surveillance programme, when the water temperature was between 16 and 26 °c, and were also tested for cev by qpcr. a partial 478 nucleotide fragment of the 4a gene was subsequently generated from 17 qpcr-positive common carp cyprinus carpio samples from 36 farm sites tested during the period. sequence alignments and analysis revealed the presence of cev in pol ...201727453481
occurrence, pathology, and ultrastructure of iridovirus and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses in daphnids from the czech republic.iridescent (ivs, family iridoviridae, genus iridovirus) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (cpvs; family reoviridae, genus cypovirus) are well known in insects, with thirteen iv species recognized from various orders, and sixteen cpv species known from lepidopterans. in 1975, an iv and cpv were reported in the daphnid, simocehpalus expinosus, in florida, but other reported daphnid virus infections seem to be rare. here we report infected daphnids from woodland and carp ponds in the czech repub ...201627449679
erratum: an ultra-high density linkage map and qtl mapping for sex and growth-related traits of common carp (cyprinus carpio). 201627444814
chemometric approach to evaluate element distribution in muscle, liver and fish bone of roach (rutilus rutilus), silver bream (blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (carassius carassius) from swarzędzkie lake (poland) using icp-ms and fias-cvaas techniques.the content of elements in fish tissues and organs from swarzędzkie lake was investigated in order to evaluate the possible risk associated with their consumption by animals as well as humans. samples of muscle, liver and fish bone of three fish species; roach (rutilus rutilus), silver bream (blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (carassius carassius) were collected from seine catches undertaken as part of the biomanipulation of swarzędzkie lake. element concentration (al, as, cd, co, cr, cu, hg, ni ...201627439756
meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of anti-carbamylated protein antibody for rheumatoid arthritis.the anti-carbamylated protein (carp) antibody is a novel biomarker that might help in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). we aim to assess the diagnostic value of anti-carp antibody for ra.201627437936
production of fertile sperm from in vitro propagating enriched spermatogonial stem cells of farmed catfish, clarias batrachus.spermatogenesis is a highly co-ordinated and complex process. in vitro propagation of spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) could provide an avenue in which to undertake in vivo studies of spermatogenesis. very little information is known about the ssc biology of teleosts. in this study, collagenase-treated testicular cells of farmed catfish (clarias batrachus, popularly known as magur) were purified by ficoll gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic activated cell sorting using thy1.2 (cd90.2) a ...201627417669
theory and application of semiochemicals in nuisance fish control.controlling unwanted, or nuisance, fishes is becoming an increasingly urgent issue with few obvious solutions. because fish rely heavily on semiochemicals, or chemical compounds that convey information between and within species, to mediate aspects of their life histories, these compounds are increasingly being considered as an option to help control wild fish. possible uses of semiochemicals include measuring their presence in water to estimate population size, adding them to traps to count or ...201627417504
emergence of a new rhabdovirus associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (zoarces viviparous) in the baltic sea.we report the first description of a new rhabdoviridae tentatively named eelpout rhabdovirus (eprv genus perhabdovirus). this virus was associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (zoarces viviparous, linnaeus) along the swedish baltic sea coast line in 2014. diseased fish showed signs of central nervous system infection, and brain lesions were confirmed by histology. a cytopathogenic effect was observed in cell culture, but elisas for the epizootic piscine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus ( ...201727416895
dynamic apical surface rings in superficial layer cells of koi cyprinus carpio scale epidermis.this study examined the novel ring-shaped structures found in the apical surface of individual cells of the scale epidermis of koi cyprinus carpio. these apical rings are highly dynamic structures with lifetimes ranging from a few to several minutes. while several ring forms were observed, the predominant ring morphology is circular or oval. two distinct ring forms were identified and designated type i and type ii. type i rings have a well-defined outer border that encircles the surface microrid ...201627412047
in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in relation to escherichia coli and cyprinus carpio.genotoxicity studies (using sos chromotest and comet assay) of escherichia coli and carp (cyprinus carpio) were performed for three pharmaceutically active compounds, ciprofloxacin, 17α-ethinylestradiol and 5-fluorouracil, used in the treatment of humans. the values of genotoxicity induction coefficient (i) in the sos chromotest clearly showed genotoxicity for ciprofloxacin, both in the presence and in the absence of s9 fraction; 17α-ethinylestradiol demonstrated slight genotoxicity at the highe ...201627410723
effect of amoxicillin exposure on brain, gill, liver, and kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio): the role of amoxicilloic acid.amoxicillin (amx) is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics around the world due to its broad-spectrum activity against different bacterial strains as well as its use as a growth promoter in animal husbandry. although residues of this antibacterial agent have been found in water bodies in diverse countries, there is not enough information on its potential toxicity to aquatic organisms such as the common carp cyprinus carpio. this study aimed to evaluate amx-induced oxidative stress in b ...201727403921
thyroid hormone influences muscle mechanics in carp (cyprinus carpio) independently from serca activity.thyroid hormone is a key regulator of metabolism, and in zebrafish, hypothyroidism decreases sustained and burst swimming performance. these effects are accompanied by decreases in both metabolic scope and the activity of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum atpase (serca) in zebrafish. our aim was to determine whether thyroid hormone affects skeletal muscle contractile function directly and whether these effects are mediated by influencing serca activity. we show that hypothyroidism reduces sustained lo ...201627401758
the amino-terminal domain of orf149 of koi herpesvirus is preferentially targeted by igm from carp populations surviving infection.recombinantly expressed fragments of the protein encoded by orf149 (porf149), a structural protein from the common- and koi-carp-infecting cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) that was previously shown to be antigenic, were used to obtain evidence that its amino-terminal part contains immunodominant epitopes in fish populations that survived the infection. to obtain such evidence, nonspecific binding of carp serum tetrameric igm had to be overcome by a novel elisa protocol (rec2-elisa). rec2-elisa in ...201627383208
enzymatic extraction and characterisation of a thermostable collagen from swim bladder of rohu (labeo rohita).the fish swim bladder is considered as a potential source of realistic collagen. currently, processing of the indian major carp rohu (labeo rohita) generates an enormous quantity of non-edible by-products, including swim bladders, which are discarded as waste with no commercial value. in the present study, collagen was prepared from rohu swim bladder and its physicochemical and fibril-forming capacities were assessed.201727380938
purification and characterisation of a salt-stable protease from the halophilic archaeon halogranum rubrum.because proteases play an important role in the fermentation of fish sauce, the purification and characterisation of an extracellular protease from the halophilic archaeon halogranum rubrum was investigated.201727378532
sublethal effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on two commonly cultured carps: a sem- and eds-based hematological biomarker analysis.blood being a vehicle for the transport of industrial pollutants in living system, fish hematology is considered as potent biomarker. in the present study, we investigated respective sublethal effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on hematology of two commonly cultured carps, cyprinus carpio and ctenopharyngodon idella, using optical, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. irrespective of species, results showed significant decrease in erythrocyte, hematocrit a ...201627378480
evaluation of pollution of ganga river water using fish as bioindicator.ganga river, life line of millions of people got heavily polluted due to uncontrolled anthropogenic activities. to monitor the effect of pollution of the river on its aquatic life, a field study was conducted by analyzing the different biomarker enzymes and biochemical parameters in the various tissues (muscles, liver, gills, kidney, brain, and skin) of the indian major carp labeo rohita collected from the river ganga from different study sites of varanasi district. activities of antioxidant enz ...201627370309
molecular and functional characterization of toll-like receptor (tlr)1 and tlr2 in common carp (cyprinus carpio).toll-like receptors (tlrs) are fundamental components of innate immunity that play significant roles in the defence against pathogen invasion. in this study, we present the molecular characterization of the full-length coding sequence of tlr1, tlr2a and tlr2b from common carp (cyprinus carpio). each is encoded within a single exon and contains a conserved number of leucine-rich repeats, a transmembrane region and an intracellular tir domain for signalling. indeed, sequence, phylogenetic and synt ...201627368535
effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on brain histopathology of caspian sea cyprinus carpio.there is limited research on the effect of electromagnetic field on aquatic organisms, especially freshwater fish species. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (elf-emf) (50 hz) exposure on brain histopathology of cyprinus carpio, one of the important species of caspian sea with significant economic value. a total of 200 healthy fish were used in this study. they were classified randomly in two groups: sham-exposed group and experimenta ...201727362452
mlp and carp are linked to chronic pkcα signalling in dilated cardiomyopathy.mlp (muscle lim protein)-deficient mice count among the first mouse models for dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm), yet the exact role of mlp in cardiac signalling processes is still enigmatic. elevated pkcα signalling activity is known to be an important contributor to heart failure. here we show that mlp directly inhibits the activity of pkcα. in end-stage dcm, pkcα is concentrated at the intercalated disc of cardiomyocytes, where it is sequestered by the adaptor protein carp in a multiprotein comple ...201627353086
characterization of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf5) and its expression in response to viral and bacterial challenges.common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), one of the most economically valuable commercial farming fish species in china, is often infected by a variety of viruses. as the first line of defence against microbial pathogens, the innate immune system plays a crucial role in teleost fish, which are lower vertebrates. interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 5 (irf5) is a key molecule in antiviral immunity that regulating the expression of ifn and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. it is necessary to gain more insi ...201627350041
physiological responses of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to dietary exposure to zearalenone (zen).zearalenone (zen) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but systemic effects on fish and possible metabolic costs have not yet been investigated. in order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carp was conducted. the fish were fed zen-contaminated diets at three concentrations (low: 332μgkg(-1), medium: 621μgkg(-1), and high: 797μgkg(-1) final feed, respectively) for four weeks. possible reversible effects of zen were evaluated by feeding an additional group with the mycotoxin for ...201627349726
tracing the biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in common carp (cryprinus carpio): enantiomeric fraction and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses.metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in fish are difficult to detect in vivo due to the complexity of biometabolism. in the present study, atropisomeric fraction analysis of chiral pcb congeners and compound-specific isotopic analysis (csia) were applied to trace the biotransformation of pcbs in fish by exposure of common carp (cryprinus carpio) to the commercial pcb mixture aroclor 1242. stereoselective elimination of the chiral pcb congeners 91, 95, and 136 was observed, indicating ...201627341148
focused proteomics revealed a novel rho-kinase signaling pathway in the heart.protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the physiological regulation of cardiac function. myocardial contraction and pathogenesis of cardiac diseases have been reported to be associated with adaptive or maladaptive protein phosphorylation; however, phosphorylation signaling in the heart is not fully elucidated. we recently developed a novel kinase-interacting substrate screening (kiss) method for exhaustive screening of protein kinase substrates, using mass spectrometry and affinity c ...201627334702
molecular identification of a new myxozoan, myxobolus dermiscalis n. sp. (myxosporea) infecting scales of labeo rohita hamilton in harike wetland, punjab (india).in the present study, a new species myxobolus dermiscalis n. sp. infecting scales of labeo rohita, an indian major carp from harike wetland in punjab, india has been described on the basis of spore morphology and amplification of a part of 18s rdna gene. the pseudocysts of m. dermiscalis n. sp. are milky white with irregular outline, 0.5-3.6 mm in diameter embedded within the dermal scale in the form of a cavity. the spores 5.84-7.98 × 3.98-5.98 μm in size, having two equal polar capsules 3.98-5 ...201627330981
effects of lipoic acid on growth and biochemical responses of common carp fed with carbohydrate diets.lipoic acid (la) is an antioxidant that also favors glucose uptake in mammals. until now, there are no studies evaluating the potential effect of this molecule on glycemic control in fish. it was evaluated la effects on glucose uptake in common carp cyprinus carpio fed with carbohydrate diets from two carbohydrate sources: glucose (glu) and starch (sta), and supplemented or not with la, being the diets: +glu/-la (glu); +glu/+la (glu + la); +sta/-la (sta); and +sta/+la (sta + la). carp juveniles ...201627325349
effects of chlorinated drinking water on the xenobiotic metabolism in cyprinus carpio treated with samples from two italian municipal networks.drinking water (dw) disinfection represents a milestone of the past century, thanks to its efficacy in the reduction of risks of epidemic forms by water micro-organisms. nevertheless, such process generates disinfection by-products (dbps), some of which are genotoxic both in animals and in humans and carcinogenic in animals. at present, chlorination is one of the most employed strategies but the toxicological effects of several classes of dbps are unknown. in this investigation, a multidisciplin ...201627316649
acclimation temperature alters the relationship between growth and swimming performance among juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).individual variation in growth, metabolism and swimming performance, their possible interrelationships, and the effects of temperature were investigated in 30 juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) at two acclimation temperatures (15 and 25°c). we measured body mass, critical swimming speed (ucrit), resting metabolic rate (rmr), active metabolic rate (amr) and metabolic scope (ms) twice (28days apart) in both temperature groups. fish acclimated to 25°c showed a 204% higher specific growth rate ( ...201627312325
multiplug filtration cleanup method with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the analysis of malachite green, diethylstilbestrol residues, and their metabolites in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.the food safety supervision in aquatic products has raised public concern in recent years. in this study, a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (lc-ms/ms) method for the simultaneous quantification and identification of four residues of the ever widely used analytes (including malachite green, leucomalachite green, diethylstilbestrol, and dienestrol) in aquaculture samples was developed. for sample preparation, a modified quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) me ...201627311954
hikui disease in nine koi carp (cyprinus carpio): first description of a cutaneous perivascular wall tumour.hikui disease is a well known disfiguring disease of koi carp (cyprinus carpio) primarily affecting fish with red pigmentation. it causes light orange to golden yellow, multifocal to coalescing raised patches, starting from the red cutaneous areas. some cases respond to surgery or topical treatment, but recurrence is common.201627311577
simultaneous determination of aditoprim and its three major metabolites in pigs, broilers and carp tissues, and its application in tissue distribution and depletion studies.aditoprim (adp) is a recently developed dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that has shown promise for therapeutic use in veterinary medicine because of its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. in this study, a sensitive and reliable multi-residue chromatography-ultraviolet (hplc-uv) method for the quantitative analysis of adp and its three major metabolites was developed, and the tissue distribution and depletion profiles of adp and its major metabolites in pigs, broilers and carp were investiga ...201627310088
new detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in mass mortality event of carassius carassius (l.), in italy. 201627307189
molecular cloning of igz heavy chain isotype in catla catla and comparative expression profile of igz and igm following pathogenic infection.immunoglobulins serve as a crucial arm of the adaptive immune system against detrimental pathogenic threats in teleosts. however, whether the novel ig isotype igz is present in the indian major carp, catla catla, has not yet been elucidated. the present study reports the presence of igz ortholog in c. catla (ccigz) and further demonstrates its comparative tissue specific expression with igm (ccigm) in response to bacterial and parasitic stimulation. the putative 139 amino acid sequence of igz he ...201627301776
biodegradable chitosan coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil for shelf life extension of common carp (cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage.chitosan (ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (ch+bpeo) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°c. the chemical composition of bpeo was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). antibacterial properties of bpeo were determined by disk diffusion agar, mic, and mbc. ch (2% [wt/vol]) and ch+bpeo (2% [wt/vol] ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] bpeo) were used for common carp fillet coating. the sample ...201627296603
[research advances in cyprinid herpesvirus 3].cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is the causative agent of an extremely contagious and aggressive disease afflicting common corp cyprinus carpio l. termed koi herpesvirus disease (khvd). since it was first reported in 1997, the virus has spread worldwide rapidly, leading to enormous financial losses in industries based on common carp and koi carp. this review summarizes recent advances in cyhv-3 research on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control of khvd.201627295892
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