Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| morphological abnormalities and cell death in the asian citrus psyllid (diaphorina citri) midgut associated with candidatus liberibacter asiaticus. | candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) is a phloem-limited, gram-negative, fastidious bacterium that is associated with the development of citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing (hlb). clas is transmitted by the asian citrus psyllid (acp) diaphorina citri, in a circulative manner. two major barriers to transmission within the insect are the midgut and the salivary glands. we performed a thorough microscopic analysis within the insect midgut following exposure to clas-infected cit ... | 2016 | 27630042 |
| pyrethroid-resistance is modulated by mir-92a by targeting cpcpr4 in culex pipiens pallens. | the wide use of pyrethroids has resulted in the emergence and spread of resistance in mosquito populations, which represent a major obstacle in the struggle against vector-borne diseases. resistance to pyrethroids is a complex genetic phenomenon attributed by polygenetic inheritance. we previously have sequenced and analyzed the mirna profiles of culex pipiens pallens. mir-92a was found to be overexpressed in a deltamethrin-resistant (dr) strain. the association of mir-92a with pyrethroid-resist ... | 2017 | 27627779 |
| culex mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit zika virus. | we report that two laboratory colonies of culex quinquefasciatus and culex pipiens mosquitoes were experimentally unable to transmit zikv either up to 21 days post an infectious blood meal or up to 14 days post intrathoracic inoculation. infectious viral particles were detected in bodies, heads or saliva by a plaque forming unit assay on vero cells. we therefore consider it unlikely that culex mosquitoes are involved in the rapid spread of zikv. | 0 | 27605159 |
| experimental investigation of the susceptibility of italian culex pipiens mosquitoes to zika virus infection. | we investigated the susceptibility of an italian population of culex pipiens mosquitoes to zika virus (zikv) infection, tested in parallel with aedes aegypti, as a positive control. we analysed mosquitoes at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 20 and 24 days after an infectious blood meal. viral rna was detected in the body of cx. pipiens up to three days post-infection, but not at later time points. our results indicate that cx. pipiens is not susceptible to zikv infection. | 0 | 27605056 |
| towards a proteomic catalogue and differential annotation of salivary gland proteins in blood fed malaria vector anopheles culicifacies by mass spectrometry. | in order to understand the importance of functional proteins in mosquito behavior, following blood meal, a baseline proteomic dataset is essential for providing insights into the physiology of blood feeding. therefore, in this study as first step, in solution and 1-d electrophoresis digestion approach combined with tandem mass spectrometry (nano lc-ms/ms) and computational bioinformatics for data mining was used to prepare a baseline proteomic catalogue of salivary gland proteins of sugar fed an ... | 2016 | 27602567 |
| discovery of parvovirus-related sequences in an unexpected broad range of animals. | our knowledge of the genetic diversity and host ranges of viruses is fragmentary. this is particularly true for the parvoviridae family. genetic diversity studies of single stranded dna viruses within this family have been largely focused on arthropod- and vertebrate-infecting species that cause diseases of humans and our domesticated animals: a focus that has biased our perception of parvovirus diversity. while metagenomics approaches could help rectify this bias, so too could transcriptomics s ... | 2016 | 27600734 |
| culex pipiens quinquefasciatus: a potential vector to transmit zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) has become a threat to global health since the outbreak in brazil in 2015. although zikv is generally considered an aedes-transmitted pathogen, new evidence has shown that parts of the virus closely resemble culex-transmitted viruses. therefore, it is important to evaluate the competence of culex species for zikv to understand their potential as vectors. in this study, female culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were orally exposed to zikv. mosquito midguts, salivary glands and ovari ... | 2016 | 27599470 |
| an intronic polymorphism in couch potato is not distributed clinally in european drosophila melanogaster populations nor does it affect diapause inducibility. | couch potato (cpo) encodes an rna binding protein that has been reported to be expressed in the peripheral and central nervous system of embryos, larvae and adults, including the major endocrine organ, the ring gland. a polymorphism in the d. melanogaster cpo gene coding region displays a latitudinal cline in frequency in north american populations, but as cpo lies within the inversion in(3r)payne, which is at high frequencies and itself shows a strong cline on this continent, interpretation of ... | 2016 | 27598401 |
| isolation of fungi from dead arthropods and identification of a new mosquito natural pathogen. | insects are well known vectors of human and animal pathogens and millions of people are killed by mosquito-borne diseases every year. the use of insecticides to target insect vectors has been hampered by the issues of toxicity to the environment and by the selection of resistant insects. therefore, biocontrol strategies based on naturally occurring microbial pathogens emerged as a promising control alternative. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana is well characterized and have been ap ... | 2016 | 27595597 |
| the arrival of the northern house mosquito culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) on newfoundland's avalon peninsula. | culex pipiens l., the northern house mosquito, is the primary vector of west nile virus to humans along the east coast of north america and thus the focus of much study. this species is an urban container-breeding mosquito whose close contact with humans and flexibility in host choice has led to its classification as a "bridge vector"; that is, it is thought to move zoonotic diseases to humans from vertebrate reservoirs. while this invasive species is now well documented in its established range ... | 2016 | 27592550 |
| molecular data reveal a cryptic species within the culex pipiens mosquito complex. | the culex pipiens mosquito complex is a group of evolutionarily closely related species including c. pipiens and culex quinquefasciatus, both infected by the cytoplasmically inherited wolbachia symbiont. a wolbachia-uninfected population of c. pipiens was however described in south africa and was recently proposed to represent a cryptic species. in this study, we reconsidered the existence of this species by undertaking an extensive screening for the presence of wolbachia-uninfected c. pipiens s ... | 2016 | 27591564 |
| ecology of west nile virus across four european countries: review of weather profiles, vector population dynamics and vector control response. | west nile virus (wnv) represents a serious burden to human and animal health because of its capacity to cause unforeseen and large epidemics. until 2004, only lineage 1 and 3 wnv strains had been found in europe. lineage 2 strains were initially isolated in 2004 (hungary) and in 2008 (austria) and for the first time caused a major wnv epidemic in 2010 in greece with 262 clinical human cases and 35 fatalities. since then, wnv lineage 2 outbreaks have been reported in several european countries in ... | 2016 | 27590848 |
| noncoding subgenomic flavivirus rna is processed by the mosquito rna interference machinery and determines west nile virus transmission by culex pipiens mosquitoes. | flaviviruses, such as zika virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and west nile virus (wnv), are a serious concern for human health. flaviviruses produce an abundant noncoding subgenomic flavivirus rna (sfrna) in infected cells. sfrna results from stalling of the host 5'-3' exoribonuclease xrn1/pacman on conserved rna structures in the 3' untranslated region (utr) of the viral genomic rna. sfrna production is conserved in insect-specific, mosquito-borne, and tick-borne flaviviruses and flavivi ... | 2016 | 27581979 |
| evaluating the feeding preferences of west nile virus mosquito vectors using bird-baited traps. | the total contact rates (tcrs) between mosquito vectors and their potential hosts have a serious impact on disease transmission dynamics. culex pipiens (sensu stricto) (s.s.) is considered the main vector of the west nile virus (wnv) in europe and birds are the reservoir hosts. the results of our previous study showed that wnv seroreactors are significantly more prevalent among raptors compared to a range of other wild avian groups. the current study aims to assess the role of bird type (raptor ... | 2016 | 27580694 |
| temporal variation in sindbis virus antibody prevalence in bird hosts in an endemic area in sweden. | sindbis virus (sinv) is a mosquito-borne bird virus that occasionally causes human disease in fennoscandia, suggested to have cyclic 7-year intervals between outbreaks. reliable data on human infections in sweden is however lacking. here we investigated the sinv antibody prevalence among birds in a swedish area endemic to sinv to scrutinize if a cyclic variation in antibody prevalence is present in the natural host of sinv. serum from birds were sampled in the summers of 2002-2004 and 2009 in th ... | 2016 | 27579607 |
| host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in connecticut, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus, with active transmission foci in freshwater hardwood swamps in eastern north america, where enzootic transmission is maintained between the ornithophilic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds. the role of other locally abundant mosquito species in virus transmission and their associations with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals within these foci are largely unknown but are of importa ... | 2016 | 27577939 |
| refuting the hypothesis that the acquisition of germ plasm accelerates animal evolution. | primordial germ cells (pgcs) give rise to the germ line in animals. pgcs are specified during embryogenesis either by an ancestral mechanism of cell-cell signalling (induction) or by a derived mechanism of maternally provided germ plasm (preformation). recently, a hypothesis was set forth purporting that germ plasm liberates selective constraint and accelerates an organism's protein sequence evolution, especially for genes from early developmental stages, thereby leading to animal species radiat ... | 2016 | 27577604 |
| vertical transmission of zika virus in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | previous experimental studies have demonstrated that a number of mosquito-borne flavivirus pathogens are vertically transmitted in their insect vectors, providing a mechanism for these arboviruses to persist during adverse climatic conditions or in the absence of a susceptible vertebrate host. in this study, designed to test whether zika virus (zikv) could be vertically transmitted, female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were injected with zikv, and their f1 adult progeny were tested for zikv ... | 2016 | 27573623 |
| mosquito c-type lectins maintain gut microbiome homeostasis. | the long-term evolutionary interaction between the host immune system and symbiotic bacteria determines their cooperative rather than antagonistic relationship. it is known that commensal bacteria have evolved a number of mechanisms to manipulate the mammalian host immune system and maintain homeostasis. however, the strategies employed by the microbiome to overcome host immune responses in invertebrates still remain to be understood. here, we report that the gut microbiome in mosquitoes utilize ... | 2016 | 27572642 |
| transcriptional differences between diapausing and non-diapausing d. montana females reared under the same photoperiod and temperature. | a wide range of insects living at higher latitudes enter diapause at the end of the warm season, which increases their chances of survival through harsh winter conditions. in this study we used rna sequencing to identify genes involved in adult reproductive diapause in a northern fly species, drosophila montana. both diapausing and non-diapausing flies were reared under a critical day length and temperature, where about half of the emerging females enter diapause enabling us to eliminate the eff ... | 2016 | 27571415 |
| flavivirus ns1 protein in infected host sera enhances viral acquisition by mosquitoes. | the arbovirus life cycle involves viral transfer between a vertebrate host and an arthropod vector, and acquisition of virus from an infected mammalian host by a vector is an essential step in this process. here, we report that flavivirus nonstructural protein-1 (ns1), which is abundantly secreted into the serum of an infected host, plays a critical role in flavivirus acquisition by mosquitoes. the presence of dengue virus (denv) and japanese encephalitis virus ns1s in the blood of infected inte ... | 2016 | 27562253 |
| sero-molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis in zhejiang, an eastern province of china. | sporadic japanese encephalitis (je) cases still have been reported in zhejiang province in recent years, and concerns about vaccine cross-protection and population-level immunity have been raised off and on within the public health sphere. genotype i (gi) has replaced giii as the dominant genotype in asian countries during the past few decades, which caused considerable concerns about the potential change of epidemiology characteristics and the vaccine effectiveness. the aim of this study was to ... | 2016 | 27560360 |
| culex species mosquitoes and zika virus. | recent reports of zika virus (zikv) isolates from culex species mosquitoes have resulted in concern regarding a lack of knowledge on the number of competent vector species for zikv transmission in the new world. although observations in the field have demonstrated that zikv isolation can be made from culex species mosquitoes, the detection of zikv in these mosquitoes is not proof of their involvement in a zikv transmission cycle. detection may be due to recent feeding on a viremic vertebrate, an ... | 2016 | 27556838 |
| a novel anticoagulant protein with antithrombotic properties from the mosquito culex pipiens pallens. | a newly discovered protein, named 'cpp protein', which possesses antithrombotic and anticoagulant properties, was purified from the salivary gland of the mosquito culex pipiens pallens. cpp protein was found to have an estimated molecular mass of 21.7kda, and to be active at 60°c, and ph 7.0. the anticoagulation activity of cpp protein was strongly inhibited by calcium ions. cpp protein inhibited fibrin clot formation and platelet activation, and it degraded blood clots. it also inhibited the en ... | 2016 | 27554937 |
| working with zika and usutu viruses in vitro. | usutu (usuv) and zika (zikv) viruses are emerging arboviruses of significant medical and veterinary importance. these viruses have not been studied as well as other medically important arboviruses such as west nile (wnv), dengue (denv), or chikungunya (chikv) viruses. as such, information regarding the behavior of zikv and usuv viruses in the laboratory is dated. usutu virus re-emerged in austria in 2001 and has since spread throughout the european and asian continents causing significant mortal ... | 2016 | 27541001 |
| towards novel cry toxins with enhanced toxicity/broader: a new chimeric cry4ba / cry1ac toxin. | attempts have been made to express or to merge different cry proteins in order to enhance toxic effects against various insects. cry1a proteins of bacillus thuringiensis form a typical bipyramidal parasporal crystal and their protoxins contain a highly conserved c-terminal region. a chimerical gene, called cry(4ba-1ac), formed by a fusion of the n-terminus part of cry4ba and the c-terminus part of cry1ac, was constructed. its transformation to an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strain showed t ... | 2017 | 27538933 |
| ecological differentiation of members of the culex pipiens complex, potential vectors of west nile virus and rift valley fever virus in algeria. | we investigated the ecological differentiation of two members of the culex pipiens complex, cx. p. pipiens form pipiens and cx. p. pipiens form molestus in three sites, el-kala, m'sila and tinerkouk in algeria. these two forms are the most widespread mosquito vectors in temperate regions exhibiting important behavioural and physiological differences. nevertheless, this group of potential vectors has been poorly studied, particularly in north africa. | 2016 | 27534938 |
| diversity and frequency of kdr mutations within anopheles sinensis populations from guangxi, china. | anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in china and its control is under great threat as the development of insecticide resistance. voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) is the target of several classes of insecticides. genetic mutations of vgsc have been documented to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and pyrethroids in mosquitoes. to control this vector efficiently, it is important to know the resistance-associated genetic mutations, their distri ... | 2016 | 27527509 |
| estimating the economic impact of a possible equine and human epidemic of west nile virus infection in belgium. | this study aimed at estimating, in a prospective scenario, the potential economic impact of a possible epidemic of wnv infection in belgium, based on 2012 values for the equine and human health sectors, in order to increase preparedness and help decision-makers. modelling of risk areas, based on the habitat suitable for culex pipiens, the main vector of the virus, allowed us to determine equine and human populations at risk. characteristics of the different clinical forms of the disease based on ... | 0 | 27526394 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the atp-binding cassette transporter family in three mosquito species. | the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter family functions in the atp-dependent transportation of various substrates across biological membranes. abc proteins participate in various biological processes and insecticide resistance in insects, and are divided into eight subfamilies (a-h). mosquitoes are important vectors of human diseases, but the mechanism by which the abc transporter family evolves in mosquitoes is unknown. in this study, we classified and compared the abc transporter families ... | 2016 | 27521922 |
| abundance and distribution of immature mosquitoes in urban rivers proximate to their larval habitats. | whether ecological restoration of polluted urban rivers would provide suitable breeding habitats for some mosquitoes was not clear yet. it was therefore important to determine how altered river conditions influence mosquito ecology. monthly data on water quality and larval density were obtained to determine the effects of river systems on the distribution and abundance of immature mosquitoes in two coastal cities in eastern china. in total, 5 species within two genera of mosquitoes were collecte ... | 2016 | 27515809 |
| development and validation of a climate-based ensemble prediction model for west nile virus infection rates in culex mosquitoes, suffolk county, new york. | west nile virus (wnv) is an endemic public health concern in the united states that produces periodic seasonal epidemics. underlying these outbreaks is the enzootic cycle of wnv between mosquito vectors and bird hosts. identifying the key environmental conditions that facilitate and accelerate this cycle can be used to inform effective vector control. | 2016 | 27507279 |
| rift valley fever vector diversity and impact of meteorological and environmental factors on culex pipiens dynamics in the okavango delta, botswana. | in northern botswana, rural communities, livestock, wildlife and large numbers of mosquitoes cohabitate around permanent waters of the okavango delta. as in other regions of sub-saharan africa, rift valley fever (rvf) virus is known to circulate in that area among wild and domestic animals. however, the diversity and composition of potential rvf mosquito vectors in that area are unknown as well as the climatic and ecological drivers susceptible to affect their population dynamics. | 2016 | 27502246 |
| assessing interventions to manage west nile virus using multi-criteria decision analysis with risk scenarios. | the recent emergence of west nile virus (wnv) in north america highlights vulnerability to climate sensitive diseases and stresses the importance of preventive efforts to reduce their public health impact. effective prevention involves reducing environmental risk of exposure and increasing adoption of preventive behaviours, both of which depend on knowledge and acceptance of such measures. when making operational decisions about disease prevention and control, public health must take into accoun ... | 2016 | 27494136 |
| bionomics and vector potential of culex thriambus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in lake county, california. | california statewide west nile virus (wnv) minimum infection rates in culex thriambus dyar mosquitoes are high; however, few specimens are submitted and tested each year, as their distribution seems limited to larval habitats along riparian systems. to evaluate the role of cx. thriambus in the amplification, maintenance, and overwintering of wnv in lake county, ca, the bionomics and vector potential of the species was investigated during 2014 and 2015. culex thriambus was the most abundant mosqu ... | 2016 | 27493251 |
| altered differential hemocyte count in 3rd instar larvae of drosophila melanogaster as a response to chronic exposure of acephate. | acephate, an organophosphate (op) pesticide, was used to investigate the effects of its chronic exposure on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect drosophila melanogaster. for this purpose, six graded concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 μg/ml were selected, which are below the reported residual values (up to 14 μg/ml) of the chemical. 1(st) instar larvae were fed with these concentrations up to the 3(rd) instar stage and accordingly hemolymph smears from these larvae were prepared for ... | 0 | 27486365 |
| wide recognition of culex pipiens and lack of detection of culex torrentium through biomolecular differentiation of mosquitoes in the emilia-romagna region, northern italy. | the culex pipiens complex includes species with reported differences in vector competence for arthropod-borne viruses, many of which are of significant importance to human health such as the west nile virus and the sindbis virus. this group of mosquitoes is difficult to distinguish morphologically; particularly as adult females. in europe, the two species of the complex, culex pipiens linnaeus 1758 and culex torrentium martini 1925, are often found sympatrically. with the aim to characterize the ... | 2016 | 27477051 |
| the glutathione-s-transferase, cytochrome p450 and carboxyl/cholinesterase gene superfamilies in predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis. | pesticide-resistant populations of the predatory mite metaseiulus (= typhlodromus or galendromus) occidentalis (arthropoda: chelicerata: acari: phytoseiidae) have been used in the biological control of pest mites such as phytophagous tetranychus urticae. however, the pesticide resistance mechanisms in m. occidentalis remain largely unknown. in other arthropods, members of the glutathione-s-transferase (gst), cytochrome p450 (cyp) and carboxyl/cholinesterase (cce) gene superfamilies are involved ... | 2016 | 27467523 |
| storm drains as larval development and adult resting sites for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in salvador, brazil. | dengue (denv), chikungunya (chikv), zika (zikv), as well as yellow fever (yfv) viruses are transmitted to humans by aedes spp. females. in salvador, the largest urban center in north-eastern brazil, the four denv types have been circulating, and more recently, chikv and zikv have also become common. we studied the role of storm drains as aedes larval development and adult resting sites in four neighbourhoods of salvador, representing different socioeconomic, infrastructure and topographic condit ... | 2016 | 27464886 |
| the rich somatic life of wolbachia. | wolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont infecting most arthropod and some filarial nematode species that is vertically transmitted through the maternal lineage. due to this primary mechanism of transmission, most studies have focused on wolbachia interactions with the host germline. however, over the last decade many studies have emerged highlighting the prominence of wolbachia in somatic tissues, implicating somatic tissue tropism as an important aspect of the life history of this endosymbio ... | 2016 | 27461737 |
| laboratory evaluation of differential attraction of culex pipiens pallens to fruit-based sugar baits. | mosquito adults usually need to obtain sugar from floral nectaries and damaged fruits/seed pods to replenish their energy reserves. the newly developed attractive toxic sugar baits have been successfully applied in controlling various mosquito species outdoors. however, the attraction of culex pipiens pallens to different fruit-based sugar baits remains unknown. in the present study, we selected nine common fruit species, prepared the fruit-based sugar solutions, and investigated the attractiven ... | 2016 | 27456936 |
| purification and characterization of a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor from the leech of hirudinaria manillensis. | kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors are found in a large number of living organisms and play crucial roles in various biological and physiological processes. although some kazal-type serine protease inhibitors have been identified in leeches, none has been reported from hirudinaria manillensis, which is a medically important leech. in this study, a novel kazal-type trypsin inhibitor was isolated from leech h. manillensis, purified and named as bdellin-hm based on the sequence similarity with ... | 2016 | 27455325 |
| selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses. | arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ... | 2016 | 27455096 |
| the mitochondrial genomes of culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) and comparison analysis with two other culex species. | culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens are the major vectors of the japanese encephalitis virus and wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent of filariasis. the knowledge of mitochondrial genomes has been widely useful for the studies on molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. | 2016 | 27444629 |
| expression patterns, mutation detection and rna interference of rhopalosiphum padi voltage-gated sodium channel genes. | the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) is the target of sodium-channel-blocking insecticides. traditionally, animals were thought to have only one vgsc gene comprising a α-subunit with four homologous domains (di-div). the present study showed that rhopalosiphum padi, an economically important crop pest, owned a unique heterodimeric vgsc (h1 and h2 subunits) encoded by two genes (rpvgsc1 and rpvgsc2), which is unusual in insects and other animals. the open reading frame (orf) of rpvgsc1 consist ... | 2016 | 27439594 |
| culex pipiens and aedes triseriatus mosquito susceptibility to zika virus. | 2016 | 27434194 | |
| interactive cost of plasmodium infection and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | insecticide resistance raises concerns for the control of vector-borne diseases. however, its impact on parasite transmission could be diverse when considering the ecological interactions between vector and parasite. thus we investigated the fitness cost associated with insecticide resistance and plasmodium falciparum infection as well as their interactive cost on anopheles gambiae survival and fecundity. in absence of infection, we observed a cost on fecundity associated with insecticide resist ... | 2016 | 27432257 |
| finding wolbachia in filarial larvae and culicidae mosquitoes in upper egypt governorate. | wolbachia is an obligatory intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium, present in over 20% of all insects altering insect reproductive capabilities and in a wide range of filarial worms which is essential for worm survival and reproduction. in egypt, no available data were found about wolbachia searching for it in either mosquitoes or filarial worms. thus, we aimed to identify the possible concurrent presence of wolbachia within different mosquitoes and filarial parasites, in assiut governorate, egyp ... | 2016 | 27417080 |
| new "light" for one-world approach toward safe and effective control of animal diseases and insect vectors from leishmaniac perspectives. | light is known to excite photosensitizers (ps) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ros) in the presence of oxygen. this modality is attractive for designing control measures against animal diseases and pests. many ps have a proven safety record. also, the ros cytotoxicity selects no resistant mutants, unlike other drugs and pesticides. photodynamic therapy (pdt) refers to the use of ps as light activable tumoricides, microbicides and pesticides in medicine and agriculture.here we descr ... | 2016 | 27412129 |
| west nile virus in europe and safety of blood transfusion. | west nile virus (wnv) has become an increasing issue in the transfusion setting since 2002, when it was firstly shown in the usa that it can be transmitted through blood transfusion. since then, several precautionary measures have been introduced in europe in order to reduce the possible risk of transmission via transfusion/solid organ transplantation. in addition, the epidemiological surveillance has been tightened and the network for communication of human wnv cases strengthened. this review w ... | 2016 | 27403087 |
| composition and genetic diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) on islands and mainland shores of kenya's lakes victoria and baringo. | the lake baringo and lake victoria regions of kenya are associated with high seroprevalence of mosquito-transmitted arboviruses. however, molecular identification of potential mosquito vector species, including morphologically identified ones, remains scarce. to estimate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mosquito vectors on the mainland shores and adjacent inhabited islands in these regions, we collected and morphologically identified adult and immature mosquitoes and obtained the co ... | 2016 | 27402888 |
| surveillance of mosquitoes and selected arthropod-borne viruses in the context of milan expo 2015. | from 1 may 2015 to 31 october 2015 over 20 million visitors from all over the world visited the universal exhibition (expo) hosted by milan (lombardy region, italy), raising concerns about the possible introduction of mosquito-borne diseases from endemic countries. the entomological surveillance protocol performed in lombardy over the last three years was implemented in the expo area and in the two major regional airports using both center for disease control co₂ and biogents sentinel traps. thi ... | 2016 | 27399756 |
| using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to mark wild populations of anopheles and aedes mosquitoes in south-eastern tanzania. | marking wild mosquitoes is important for understanding their ecology, behaviours and role in disease transmission. traditional insect marking techniques include using fluorescent dyes, protein labels, radioactive labels and tags, but such techniques have various limitations; notably low marker retention and inability to mark wild mosquitoes at source. stable isotopes are gaining wide spread use for non-invasive marking of arthropods, permitting greater understanding of mosquito dispersal and res ... | 2016 | 27392083 |
| vector competence of northern european culex pipiens biotypes and hybrids for west nile virus is differentially affected by temperature. | outbreaks of west nile virus (wnv) have not occurred in northern europe despite nearby circulation of wnv in the southern part of the continent. the main vector for wnv, the mosquito culex (cx.) pipiens, consists of two behaviorally distinct biotypes, pipiens and molestus, which can form hybrids. although temperature has been shown to influence vector competence of cx. pipiens for wnv and biotypes are differentially susceptible towards infection, the interaction between the two has not been eluc ... | 2016 | 27388451 |
| particularities of allergy in the tropics. | allergic diseases are distributed worldwide and their risk factors and triggers vary according to geographical and socioeconomic conditions. allergies are frequent in the tropics but aspects of their prevalence, natural history, risk factors, sensitizers and triggers are not well defined and some are expected to be different from those in temperate zone countries. the aim of this review is to investigate if allergic diseases in the tropics have particularities that deserve special attention for ... | 2016 | 27386040 |
| juvenile hormone biosynthesis in insects: what is new, what do we know, and what questions remain? | our understanding of jh biosynthesis has significantly changed in the last years. in this review i would like to discuss the following topics: (1) the progresses in understanding the jh biosynthesis pathway. access to genome sequences has facilitated the identification of all the genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes and the completion of comprehensive transcriptional studies, as well as the expression and characterization of recombinant enzymes. now the existence of different flux directionalites ... | 2014 | 27382622 |
| effect of trapping methods, weather, and landscape on estimates of the culex vector mosquito abundance. | the local abundance of culex mosquitoes is a central factor adding to the risk of west nile virus transmission, and vector abundance data influence public health decisions. this study evaluated differences in abundance estimates from mosquitoes trapped using two common methods: co2-baited cdc light traps and infusion-baited gravid traps in suburban, chicago, illinois. on a weekly basis, the two methods were modestly correlated (r = 0.219) across 71 weeks over 4 years. lagged weather conditions o ... | 2016 | 27375359 |
| effects of landscape anthropization on mosquito community composition and abundance. | anthropogenic landscape transformation has an important effect on vector-borne pathogen transmission. however, the effects of urbanization on mosquito communities are still only poorly known. here, we evaluate how land-use characteristics are related to the abundance and community composition of mosquitoes in an area with endemic circulation of numerous mosquito-borne pathogens. we collected 340 829 female mosquitoes belonging to 13 species at 45 localities spatially grouped in 15 trios formed b ... | 2016 | 27373794 |
| rift valley fever virus nss protein functions and the similarity to other bunyavirus nss proteins. | rift valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects both ruminants and humans. the nonstructural (ns) protein, which is a major virulence factor for rift valley fever virus (rvfv), is encoded on the s-segment. through the cullin 1-skp1-fbox e3 ligase complex, the nss protein promotes the degradation of at least two host proteins, the tfiih p62 and the pkr proteins. nss protein bridges the fbox protein with subsequent substrates, and facilitates the transfer of ubiquitin. the sap3 ... | 2016 | 27368371 |
| mosquito identification and molecular xenomonitoring of lymphatic filariasis in selected endemic areas in giza and qualioubiya governorates, egypt. | lymphatic filariasis is a vector-borne health problem that has been focally endemic in egypt for centuries. the chief vectors of transmission are culicinae species. control measures in the form of mass drug administration of dec citrate treatment have been implemented in nile delta for almost a decade. this study aimed to identify the prevalent mosquito species in endemic areas in giza and qualioubiya governorates and to monitor wuchereria bancrofti infection by detecting the parasite dna in col ... | 2016 | 27363044 |
| histochemical effects of some biological agents on culex pipiens larvae. | the histochemical effects of the lethal concentration that kills 50% of larvae (lc50) of three biological agents, abamectin, bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad on the carbohydrates (polysaccharides), proteins, nucleic acids and lipids content of the midgut and fat bodies of culex pipiens 2nd instar larvae were studied. the results showed that the three tested compounds reduced the carbohydrates (polysaccharides), proteins, rna synthesis and lipids content after 72 hours of treatment where abame ... | 2016 | 27363043 |
| how humans drive speciation as well as extinction. | a central topic for conservation science is evaluating how human activities influence global species diversity. humanity exacerbates extinction rates. but by what mechanisms does humanity drive the emergence of new species? we review human-mediated speciation, compare speciation and known extinctions, and discuss the challenges of using net species diversity as a conservation objective. humans drive rapid evolution through relocation, domestication, hunting and novel ecosystem creation-and emerg ... | 0 | 27358365 |
| pirna pathway is not required for antiviral defense in drosophila melanogaster. | since its discovery, rna interference has been identified as involved in many different cellular processes, and as a natural antiviral response in plants, nematodes, and insects. in insects, the small interfering rna (sirna) pathway is the major antiviral response. in recent years, the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway also has been implicated in antiviral defense in mosquitoes infected with arboviruses. using drosophila melanogaster and an array of viruses that infect the fruit fly acutely o ... | 2016 | 27357659 |
| exposure to vector-borne pathogens in candidate blood donor and free-roaming dogs of northeast italy. | many vector-borne pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes occur in northeast italy, representing a potential threat to animal and human populations. little information is available on the circulation of the above vector-borne pathogens in dogs. this work aims to (i) assess exposure to and circulation of pathogens transmitted to dogs in northeast italy by ticks, sandflies, and mosquitoes, and (ii) drive blood donor screening at the newly established canine blood bank of the ... | 2016 | 27357128 |
| the strica homolog aacasps16 is involved in apoptosis in the yellow fever vector, aedes albopictus. | caspases are a family of cysteine proteases playing essential roles during apoptosis. seven caspases identified in drosophila were dronc, dredd, strica, dcp-1, decay, drice and damm. among them, strica is an insect-specific caspase containing a long serine- and threonine- rich prodomain, of which function is not yet well studied. here we identified a homolog of strica from aedes albopictus, named as aacasps16. aacasps16 encoded a protein containing a putative serine- and threonine-rich prodomain ... | 2016 | 27351972 |
| functional analysis of orco and odorant receptors in odor recognition in aedes albopictus. | aedes albopictus is a globally invasive mosquito and a major vector of arboviruses, including dengue, zika and chikungunya. olfactory-related behaviors, particularly host-seeking, offer opportunities to disrupt the disease-transmission process. a better understanding of odorant receptors (ors) may assist in explaining host selection and location, and contribute to novel strategy of vector control. | 2016 | 27350348 |
| description, molecular characterisation, diagnostics and life cycle of plasmodium elongatum (lineage perirub01), the virulent avian malaria parasite. | plasmodium elongatum causes severe avian malaria and is distributed worldwide. this parasite is of particular importance due to its ability to develop and cause lethal malaria not only in natural hosts, but also in non-adapted endemic birds such as the brown kiwi and different species of penguins. information on vectors of this infection is available but is contradictory. pcr-based analysis indicated the possible existence of a cluster of closely related p. elongatum lineages which might differ ... | 2016 | 27349510 |
| bioinformatic characterization of mosquito viromes within the eastern united states and puerto rico: discovery of novel viruses. | mosquitoes are efficient, militarily relevant vectors of infectious disease pathogens, including many rna viruses. the vast majority of all viruses are thought to be undiscovered. accordingly, recent studies have shown that viruses discovered in insects are very divergent from known pathogens and that many of them lack appropriate reference sequences in the public databases. given that the majority of viruses are likely still undiscovered, environ mental sampling stands to provide much needed re ... | 2016 | 27346944 |
| west nile virus and usutu--a threat to poland. | in recent years emergence of new infectious diseases and the growing spread of pathogens to new areas is observed. most of these pathogens are zoonotic viruses and their transmission route is from animals to humans and vice versa. these so called emerging and re-emerging pathogens that were present previously only in africa and asia are becoming a threat to european countries. these include, e.g. west nile virus and usutu virus. the aim of the study is to present the clinical course of infection ... | 2016 | 27344466 |
| spread of aedes japonicus japonicus (theobald, 1901) in austria, 2011-2015, and first records of the subspecies for hungary, 2012, and the principality of liechtenstein, 2015. | the asian bush mosquito, aedes (hulecoeteomyia) japonicus japonicus (theobald, 1901) (diptera: culicidae), was first identified in austria in august 2011 in the federal state of styria at the border to slovenia. | 2016 | 27343074 |
| comparative mt genomics of the tipuloidea (diptera: nematocera: tipulomorpha) and its implications for the phylogeny of the tipulomorpha. | a traditionally controversial taxon, the tipulomorpha has been frequently discussed with respect to both its familial composition and relationships with other nematocera. the interpretation of internal relationships within the tipuloidea, which include the tipulidae sensu stricto, cylindrotomidae, pediciidae and limoniidae, is also problematic. we sequenced the first complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of symplecta hybrida (meigen, 1804), which belongs to the subfamily chioneinae of family limoni ... | 2016 | 27341029 |
| rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis. | rickettsia felis is an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever. first described as a human pathogen from the usa in 1991, r. felis is now identified throughout the world and considered a common cause of fever in africa. the cosmopolitan distribution of this pathogen is credited to the equally widespread occurrence of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), the primary vector and reservoir of r. felis. although r. felis is a relatively new member ... | 2016 | 27340613 |
| the epidemiology of rift valley fever in mayotte: insights and perspectives from 11 years of data. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a zoonotic arboviral disease that is a threat to human health, animal health and production, mainly in sub-saharan africa. rvf virus dynamics have been poorly studied due to data scarcity. on the island of mayotte in the indian ocean, off the southeastern african coast, rvf has been present since at least 2004. several retrospective and prospective serological surveys in livestock have been conducted over eleven years (2004-15). these data are collated and presented he ... | 2016 | 27331402 |
| evolution determines how global warming and pesticide exposure will shape predator-prey interactions with vector mosquitoes. | how evolution may mitigate the effects of global warming and pesticide exposure on predator-prey interactions is directly relevant for vector control. using a space-for-time substitution approach, we addressed how 4°c warming and exposure to the pesticide endosulfan shape the predation on culex pipiens mosquitoes by damselfly predators from replicated low- and high-latitude populations. although warming was only lethal for the mosquitoes, it reduced predation rates on these prey. possibly, under ... | 2016 | 27330557 |
| has rift valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in east africa? | rift valley fever (rvf) outbreaks have occurred across eastern africa from 1912 to 2010 approximately every 4-15 years, most of which have not been accompanied by significant epidemics in human populations. however, human epidemics during rvf outbreaks in eastern africa have involved 478 deaths in 1998, 1107 reported cases with 350 deaths from 2006 to 2007 and 1174 cases with 241 deaths in 2008. we review the history of rvf outbreaks in eastern africa to identify the epidemiological factors that ... | 2016 | 27329846 |
| malaria transmission potential could be reduced with current and future climate change. | several studies suggest the potential for climate change to increase malaria incidence in cooler, marginal transmission environments. however, the effect of increasing temperature in warmer regions where conditions currently support endemic transmission has received less attention. we investigate how increases in temperature from optimal conditions (27 °c to 30 °c and 33 °c) interact with realistic diurnal temperature ranges (dtr: ± 0 °c, 3 °c, and 4.5 °c) to affect the ability of key vector spe ... | 2016 | 27324146 |
| mir-932 regulates pyrethroid resistance in culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae). | micrornas (mirnas) play notable role in regulation of gene expression at the posttranscription level, and have been involved in many biological processes, including insecticide resistance. in this study, we investigated the role of mir-932 in the molecular mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in culex pipiens pallens (l.). overexpression of mir-932 in the ds-strain made the mosquitoes more resistant to deltamethrin, while inhibiting the expression of mir-932 in the dr-strain made the mosquitoes m ... | 2016 | 27313166 |
| wolbachia endobacteria in natural populations of culex pipiens of iran and its phylogenetic congruence. | wolbachia are common intracellular bacteria that infect different groups of arthropods including mosquitoes. these bacteria modify host biology and may induce feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). recently wolbachia is being nominated as a bio-agent and paratransgenic candidate to control mosquito borne diseases. | 2016 | 27308293 |
| impact of climate and environmental factors on west nile virus circulation in iran. | geographic distribution of west nile virus (wnv) is heterogeneous in iran by a high circulation in the southern-western areas. the objective of our study was to determine environmental and climatic factors associated with the risk of wnv equine seropositivity in iran. | 2016 | 27308290 |
| a pictorial key for culex pipiens complex (diptera: culicidae) in iran. | the aim of this study was to design pictorial key and taxonomic literature of culex pipiens complex in iran. | 2016 | 27308288 |
| evaluation of isotope (32)p method to mark culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in a laboratory. | the aim of the current study was to develop a marking technique as an internal marker to mark post blood meal mosquitoes by using stable phosphate isotope (32)p and determine the optimal concentration of it. | 2016 | 27308279 |
| irritability levels of field and laboratory population of culex pipiens complex in tehran to different groups of insecticides. | the irritant effect of some insecticides can cause a proportion of mosquitoes to leave the sprayed rooms before acquiring a lethal dose, so the repeated contact al sub-lethal dose may lead to extent the resistance. | 2016 | 27308276 |
| potential risk of dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in northern italy based on a population model of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | the rapid invasion and spread of aedes albopictus (skuse, 1894) within new continents and climatic ranges has created favorable conditions for the emergence of tropical arboviral diseases in the invaded areas. we used mosquito abundance data from 2014 collected across ten sites in northern italy to calibrate a population model for aedes albopictus and estimate the potential of imported human cases of chikungunya or dengue to generate the condition for their autochthonous transmission in the abse ... | 2016 | 27304211 |
| west nile virus circulation in mosquitoes in greece (2010-2013). | background of the study. following a large west nile virus (wnv) epidemic in northern greece in 2010, an active mosquito surveillance system was implemented, for a 3-year period (2011, 2012, and 2013). description of the study site and methodology. using mainly co2 mosquito traps, mosquito collections were performed. samples were pooled by date of collection, location, and species and examined for the presence of wnv. results. positive pools were detected in different areas of the country. in 20 ... | 2016 | 27294111 |
| oviposition activity patterns of culex pipiens and culex restuans in pennsylvania. | culex pipiens and cx. restuans are the main vectors of west nile virus and the primary target species of surveillance and control programs in pennsylvania. performing adult control, specifically ultra-low volume (ulv) applications, at night during peak oviposition activity time(s) is necessary to control these species. in july and august of 2009, collections were made at 15-min intervals starting at sunset and continuing until 3 h after sunset to establish a more accurate timeline of cx. pipiens ... | 2016 | 27280355 |
| molecular detection of wolbachia pipientis in natural populations of mosquito vectors of dirofilaria immitis from continental portugal: first detection in culex theileri. | wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) protects mosquitoes from infections with arboviruses and parasites. however, the effect of its co-infection on vector competence for dirofilaria immitis (spirurida: onchocercidae) in the wild has not been investigated. this study aimed to screen vectors of d. immitis for wpip, to characterize these, and to investigate a possible association between the occurrence of w. pipientis and that of the nematode. the presence of w. pipientis was assesse ... | 2016 | 27279553 |
| ecology of urban malaria vectors in niamey, republic of niger. | urbanization in african cities has major impact on malaria risk. niamey, the capital of the republic of niger, is situated in the west african sahel zone. the short rainy season and human activities linked with the niger river influence mosquito abundance. this study aimed at deciphering the factors of distribution of urban malaria vectors in niamey. | 2016 | 27277707 |
| pupal diapause termination in bactrocera minax: an insight on 20-hydroxyecdysone induced phenotypic and genotypic expressions. | the chinese citrus fruit fly, bactrocera minax, is an economically important pest of citrus. it exhibits pupal diapause from november to may to combat harsh environmental conditions. such a long pupal diapause is a barrier for laboratory rearing and development of control strategies against this pest. in the present study, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) was used to break pupal diapause of b. minax by topical application. after diapause termination by 20e treated, the pupal ontogenetic processes were o ... | 2016 | 27273028 |
| first detection of candidatus rickettsia barbariae in the flea vermipsylla alakurt from north-western china. | vermipsylla is a genus of the family vermipsyllidae within the order siphonaptera of fleas. vermipsylla alakurt is mainly distributed in alpine pastoral areas of kazakhstan, mongolia, china and nepal, and infests sheep, yaks and horses, causing irritation, poor condition, anaemia and even death. however, to date, no rickettsial agents have been reported in v. alakurt. | 2016 | 27267467 |
| dirofilaria repens microfilariae from a human node fine-needle aspirate: a case report. | human dirofilariosis is still a little known infection even in endemic areas. dirofilariosis is zoonotic infection usually abortive in humans; instead, we report a very rare case (the 4th in the world), the first in italy, in which at least two infective larvae became mature adults that mated and produced active microfilariae even though they did not reach peripheral blood. | 2016 | 27266512 |
| host-feeding patterns of mosquito species in germany. | mosquito-borne pathogens are of growing importance in many countries of europe including germany. at the same time, the transmission cycles of most mosquito-borne pathogens (e.g. viruses or filarial parasites) are not completely understood. there is especially a lack of knowledge about the vector capacity of the different mosquito species, which is strongly influenced by their host-feeding patterns. while this kind of information is important to identify the relevant vector species, e.g. to dire ... | 2016 | 27259984 |
| antimicrobial activity of mosquito cecropin peptides against francisella. | francisella tularensis is the cause of the zoonotic disease tularemia. in sweden and scandinavia, epidemiological studies have implicated mosquitoes as a vector. prior research has demonstrated the presence of francisella dna in infected mosquitoes but has not shown definitive transmission of tularemia from a mosquito to a mammalian host. we hypothesized that antimicrobial peptides, an important component of the innate immune system of higher organisms, may play a role in mosquito host-defense t ... | 2016 | 27235883 |
| a glance at subgenomic flavivirus rnas and micrornas in flavivirus infections. | the family flaviviridae comprises a wide variety of viruses that are distributed worldwide, some of which are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. there are neither vaccines nor antivirals for most flavivirus infections, reinforcing the importance of research on different aspects of the viral life cycle. during infection, cytoplasmic accumulation of rna fragments mainly originating from the 3' utrs, which have been designated subgenomic flavivirus rnas (sfrnas), has been detect ... | 2016 | 27233361 |
| sensitivity of ethiopian aquatic macroinvertebrates to the pesticides endosulfan and diazinon, compared to literature data. | the aims of the present study were to present a methodology for toxicity tests that can be used when analytical resources to verify the test concentrations are limited, and to evaluate whether the sensitivity of a limited number of ethiopian species to pesticides differs from literature values for, mainly, temperate species. acute toxicity tests were performed using three ethiopian aquatic invertebrate species, one crustacean (diaphanosoma brachyurum) and two insects (anopheles pharoensis and cu ... | 2016 | 27221822 |
| molecular identification of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in southeastern australia. | dna barcoding is a modern species identification technique that can be used to distinguish morphologically similar species, and is particularly useful when using small amounts of starting material from partial specimens or from immature stages. in order to use dna barcoding in a surveillance program, a database containing mosquito barcode sequences is required. this study obtained cytochrome oxidase i (coi) sequences for 113 morphologically identified specimens, representing 29 species, six trib ... | 2016 | 27217948 |
| synthetic predator cues impair immune function and make the biological pesticide bti more lethal for vector mosquitoes. | the control of vector mosquitoes is one of the biggest challenges facing humankind with the use of chemical pesticides often leading to environmental impact and the evolution of resistance. although to a lesser extent, this also holds for bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), the most widely used biological pesticide to control mosquito populations. this raises the need for the development of integrated pest management strategies that allow the reduction of bti concentrations without loss of ... | 2016 | 27209779 |
| desiccation tolerance in anopheles coluzzii: the effects of spiracle size and cuticular hydrocarbons. | the african malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii range over forests and arid areas, where they withstand dry spells and months-long dry seasons, suggesting variation in their desiccation tolerance. we subjected a laboratory colony (g3) and wild sahelian mosquitoes during the rainy and dry seasons to desiccation assays. the thoracic spiracles and amount and composition of cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of individual mosquitoes were measured to determine the effects of these ... | 2016 | 27207644 |
| pcr detection of malaria parasites and related haemosporidians: the sensitive methodology in determining bird-biting insects. | knowledge about feeding preference of blood-sucking insects is important for the better understanding epidemiology of vector-borne parasitic diseases. extraction of dna from blood present in abdomens of engorged insects provides opportunities to identify species of their vertebrate hosts. however, this approach often is insufficiently sensitive due to rapid degeneration of host dna in midguts. recent studies indicate that avian malaria parasites (plasmodium spp.) and related haemosporidians (hae ... | 2016 | 27207268 |
| culex pipiens as a potential vector for transmission of dirofilaria immitis and other unclassified filarioidea in southwest spain. | dirofilaria immitis is one of the most frequently detected mosquito-transmitted zoonotic filarioid nematode in mammals in europe, being canine dirofilariosis a major animal health problem, endemic in the mediterranean area. this study, focused on southwest spain, in order to bring new insights into (i) the epidemiology of dirofilaria spp., (ii) the species of culicid vectors possibly involved in their transmission and (iii) the genetic variability of those potential vectors. a total of 881 adult ... | 2016 | 27198797 |
| dirofilaria in humans, dogs, and vectors in austria (1978-2014)-from imported pathogens to the endemicity of dirofilaria repens. | dirofilaria repens and d. immitis are filarioid helminths with domestic and wild canids as main hosts and mosquitoes as vectors. both species are known to cause zoonotic diseases, primarily pulmonary (d. immitis), ocular (d. repens), and subcutaneous (d. repens) dirofilariosis. both d. immitis and d. repens are known as invasive species, and their distribution seems associated with climate change. until very recently, both species were known to be nonendemic in austria. | 2016 | 27196049 |