Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| microfilaria in breast aspiration--an uncommon finding. | filariasis is a major public health problem in many tropics and subtropics of africa, western pacific and parts of the americas, affecting over 83 countries. it is also a public health problem in india. a large majority of the cases found in india are attributed to infection by wuchereria bancrofti which mainly affects the lymph nodes and the lymphatic channels. breast is an unusual site for filariasis. in the present case report the patient presented with a gradually increasing breast lump, cli ... | 2013 | 24260821 |
| mammographic parasitic calcifications in south west nigeria: prospective and descriptive study. | lymphatic filariasis caused by nematode parasite wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi is endemic in the tropics. in nigeria, 25% of the population is infected. lymph edema and elephantiasis are the predominant manifestations. its infrequent manifestation is in the breast. this paper discusses the epidemiology, reviews literature, imaging options and mammographic appearances of these parasitic nematodes. | 2013 | 24255732 |
| filarial abscess in the submandibular region. | filariasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by filarial nematode worms. these worms mainly dwell in subcutaneous tissues and lymphatics of the human host, with a predilection for lower limbs, retroperitoneal tissues, spermatic cord, and epididymis. oral or perioral involvement of the filarial nematode is rare. this case report describes a filarial abscess in the right submandibular region. fine needle aspiration cytology of the abscess revealed the presence of microfilaria of wuchereria ... | 2013 | 24250107 |
| ongoing surveillance for lymphatic filariasis in togo: assessment of alternatives and nationwide reassessment of transmission status. | tremendous progress has been made towards the goal of global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) transmission by 2020. the number of endemic countries reducing lf transmission through mass drug administration continues to increase, and therefore, the need for effective post-intervention surveillance also continues to increase. togo is the first sub-saharan african country to implement lf surveillance, and it has 6 years of experience with this passive surveillance system. we herein report t ... | 2014 | 24189363 |
| functional analysis of genetic polymorphism in wuchereria bancrofti glutathione s-transferase antioxidant gene: impact on protein structure and enzyme catalysis. | wuchereria bancrofti glutathione s-transferase (wb-gst) is referred as a promising chemotherapeutic target for lymphatic filariasis. gst represents the major class of detoxifying enzymes of the tissue dwelling parasitic helminths. though many inhibition studies were carried out for wb-gst, understanding its genetic distribution in parasite population is necessary to develop ideal inhibitor. our genetic polymorphic studies exposed the existence of three variant wb-gst alleles in the four endemic ... | 2014 | 24188745 |
| large extracellular loop of tetraspanin as a potential vaccine candidate for filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis affects nearly 120 million people worldwide and mass preventive chemotherapy is currently used as a strategy to control this infection. this has substantially reduced the incidence of the infection in several parts of the world. however, a prophylactic vaccine would be more effective in preventing future infections and will supplement the mass chemotherapy efforts. unfortunately, there is no licensed vaccine available currently to prevent this infection. molecules expressed ... | 2013 | 24146990 |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia--a review. | tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) is a syndrome of wheezing, fever and eosiniphilia seen predominantly in the indian subcontinent and other tropical areas. its etiological link with wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi has been well established. the pathogenesis is due to an exaggerated immune response to the filarial antigens which includes type i, type iii and type iv reactions with eosinophils playing a pivotal role. peripheral blood eosinophilia is usually striking with levels over 300 ... | 2013 | 24135173 |
| lymphatic filariasis in nigeria; micro-stratification overlap mapping (mom) as a prerequisite for cost-effective resource utilization in control and surveillance. | nigeria has a significant burden of lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti. a major concern to the expansion of the lf elimination programme is the risk of serious adverse events (saes) associated with the use of ivermectin in areas co-endemic with loa filariasis. to better understand this, as well as other factors that may impact on lf elimination, we used micro-stratification overlap mapping (mom) to highlight the distribution and potential impact of multiple dis ... | 2013 | 24040432 |
| optimisation of an asymmetric polymerase chain reaction assay for the amplification of single-stranded dna from wuchereria bancrofti for electrochemical detection. | single-stranded dna (ssdna) is a prerequisite for electrochemical sensor-based detection of parasite dna and other diagnostic applications. to achieve this detection, an asymmetric polymerase chain reaction method was optimised. this method facilitates amplification of ssdna from the human lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti. this procedure produced ssdna fragments of 188 bp in a single step when primer pairs (forward and reverse) were used at a 100:1 molar ratio in the presence of ... | 0 | 24037206 |
| semi-quantitative scoring of an immunochromatographic test for circulating filarial antigen. | abstract. the value of a semi-quantitative scoring of the filarial antigen test (binax now filariasis card test, ict) results was evaluated during a field survey in the republic of congo. one hundred and thirty-four (134) of 774 tests (17.3%) were clearly positive and were scored 1, 2, or 3; and 11 (1.4%) had questionable results. wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) were detected in 41 of those 133 individuals with an ict test score ≥ 1 who also had a night blood smear; none of the 11 indivi ... | 2013 | 24019435 |
| low density microfilaraemia as a causative agent in a case of unexplained ascitis of suspicious nature. | it is estimated that 120 million people worldwide are affected by filariasis. in the south east and south asian region, wuchereria bancrofti is the most prevalent parasite causing filariais in 99.4 % of cases. in the present case the parasite was a cause of unexplained ascitis in a young female whose previous cytological report was suspicious in nature. extensive physical and radiological assesment was not able to determine the cause of ascitis. repeat cytological examinantion revealed a few mic ... | 2013 | 23998087 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection using urine samples and its application in bangladesh. | in sri lanka, urine elisa showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting filaria-specific igg4. it also produced much higher positive rates than antigen tests in prevalence studies with young children. in this study, we have confirmed the usefulness of urine elisa in the field of bangladesh. the elisa detected 89 of 105 (85%) ict antigen test positive subjects in endemic areas. with both ict and microfilaria positives, the sensitivity was 97% (30/31). all of 104 ict negative people in a no ... | 2013 | 23988626 |
| wuchereria bancrofti transmission pattern in southern mali prior to and following the institution of mass drug administration. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (gpelf) was launched in 2000 with the goal of stopping transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) through yearly mass drug administration (mda). although preliminary surveys of the human population in mali suggested that wuchereria bancrofti infection was highly endemic in the sikasso district, baseline entomological data were required to confirm high levels of transmission prior to the selection of villages in this region for a study of the ... | 2013 | 23981378 |
| insecticidal bed nets and filariasis transmission in papua new guinea. | global efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis are based on the annual mass administration of antifilarial drugs to reduce the microfilaria reservoir available to the mosquito vector. insecticide-treated bed nets are being widely used in areas in which filariasis and malaria are coendemic. | 0 | 23964936 |
| a practical strategy for responding to a case of lymphatic filariasis post-elimination in pacific islands. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) due to wuchereria bancrofti is being eliminated from oceania under the pacific elimination of lymphatic filariasis programme. lf was endemic in solomon islands but in the 2010-2020 strategic plan of the global programme to eliminate lf, solomon islands was listed as non-endemic for lf. in countries now declared free of lf an important question is what monitoring strategy should be used to detect any residual foci of lf? | 2013 | 23890320 |
| microfilariasis of the breast mimicking malignancy. | we report a 65-year-old female who presented with a 3.5×3 cm retro-areolar lump of the right breast with associated right axillary lymphadenopathy, mimicking breast cancer. mammography showed a well-defined mass in the central quadrant of the right breast. fine needle aspiration cytology from the breast lump demonstrated many microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | 2013 | 23878490 |
| population genetics of the filarial worm wuchereria bancrofti in a post-treatment region of papua new guinea: insights into diversity and life history. | wuchereria bancrofti (wb) is the primary causative agent of lymphatic filariasis (lf). our studies of lf in papua new guinea (png) have shown that it is possible to reduce the prevalence of wb in humans and mosquitoes through mass drug administration (mda; diethylcarbamazine with/without ivermectin). while mdas in the dreikikir region through 1998 significantly reduced prevalence of wb infection, parasites continue to be transmitted in the area. | 2013 | 23875043 |
| neurological manifestations of filarial infections. | filarial infections cause a huge public health burden wherever they are endemic. these filaria may locate anywhere in the human body. their manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms, except the most common ones, are rarely investigated systematically. their neurological manifestations, however, are being increasingly recognized particularly with onchocerciasis or loa loa infections, wuchereria bancrofti, or mansonella perstans. the risk of developing these manifestations may also increase in case ... | 2013 | 23829914 |
| molecular characterization and evaluation of onchocerca volvulus-secreted larval acidic protein 1 (slap1) as a putative vaccine candidate on endemic population of lymphatic filariasis. | filarial parasites infected nearly 160 million of the global population with onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, and further, a billion of people are estimated to be at risk of infection, rendering them among the most prevalent infectious agents in the world today. given the complexity of their life cycle and the immune evasion mechanisms of these organisms, development of a vaccine remains to be a long-term challenge. though a number of immunodominant antigens have been characterized, the ... | 2013 | 23828189 |
| mass drug administration for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis--port-au-prince, haiti, 2011-2012. | lymphatic filariasis (lf), also known as elephantiasis, results from mosquito-borne infection with filarial worm parasites, predominantly wuchereria bancrofti, and can lead to severe disfigurement from lymphedema and hydrocele. the world health organization (who) has called for the elimination of lf using the strategy of annual mass drug administration (mda). who defines adequate mda coverage (the percentage of all residents of an endemic area who swallow the drugs) as ≥65%. by late 2011, all ar ... | 2013 | 23760187 |
| rapid wuchereria bancrofti-specific antigen wb123-based igg4 immunoassays as tools for surveillance following mass drug administration programs on lymphatic filariasis. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis has an urgent need for rapid assays to detect ongoing transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) following multiple rounds of mass drug administration (mda). current who guidelines support using the antigen card immunochromatographic test (ict), which detects active filarial infection but does not detect early exposure to lf. recent studies found that antibody-based assays better serve this function. in the present study, two tests, a rapid i ... | 2013 | 23740923 |
| survey of bancroftian filariasis infection in humans and culex mosquitoes in the western brazilian amazon region: implications for transmission and control. | the aim of this work was to identify possible lymphatic filariasis foci in the western brazilian amazonian that could be established from the reports of rachou in the 1950s. the study was conducted in three cities of the western brazilian amazon region - porto velho and guajará-mirim (state of rondônia) and humaitá (state of amazonas). | 2013 | 23740057 |
| socio-environmental variables and transmission risk of lymphatic filariasis in central and northern mozambique. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is endemic in mozambique, where it is caused by wuchereria bancrofti with culex quinquefasciatus as the main vector. it affects approximately 10% of the population (2 million) with about 16 million at risk. prevalence rates in 40 out of 65 districts that together comprise the four endemic provinces niassa, cabo delgado, nampula and zambezia were analysed with the aim of elucidating the socio-environmental variables influencing the transmission. the levels of prevalence ... | 2013 | 23733300 |
| role of persistent processus vaginalis in hydroceles found in a tropical population. | lymphatic obstruction by wuchereria bancrofti is thought to be the mechanism for development of tropical hydrocele in men and for elephantiasis, mostly in women. hydrocele prevalence is used to determine the effectiveness of para site eradication programs. | 2013 | 23706855 |
| population ecology of mosquitoes and the status of bancroftian filariasis in el dakahlia governorate, the nile delta, egypt. | mosquitoes were surveyed (oct. 2010 & apr. - oct. 2011) in some localities representing 13 centers of el-dakahlia governorate. six mosquito species were collected: culex pipiens, cx. antennatus, cx. perexiguus, ochlerotatus detritus, anopheles pharoensis and an. tenebrosus. culex pipiens was predominating (ca 79% larvae, 51% adults). culex antennatus and cx. perexiguus were also common. of the four types of the breeding habitats, the drainage canals were the most productive (53.4% larvae). for t ... | 2013 | 23697019 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of a new rapid test for detecting wuchereria bancrofti antigen in human blood. | global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (gpelf) guidelines call for using filarial antigen testing to identify endemic areas that require mass drug administration (mda) and for post-mda surveillance. we compared a new filarial antigen test (the alere filariasis test strip) with the reference binaxnow filariasis card test that has been used by the gpelf for more than 10 years. laboratory testing of 227 archived serum or plasma samples showed that the two tests had similar high rates of s ... | 2013 | 23690552 |
| role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosing filarial arm cysts. | filariasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas and is endemic in regions of india. lymphatic filariasis in india is caused mainly by two species of nematodes: wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, which invade the human lymphatic system. we report two cases of superficial cystic lesions of the upper limb revealed on fine needle aspiration (fna) to be clinically unsuspected filariasis. despite similar aetiologies, both cases revealed variations in aspirate nature, smear morphology an ... | 2013 | 23687368 |
| [updated inventory of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) of the island of la réunion, indian ocean]. | a literature analysis coupled with new entomological surveys conducted between 2009 and 2012 led to changes in the list of mosquito species present on the island of la réunion. using morphological criteria, orthopodomyia arboricollis is replaced by or. reunionensis. on the basis of morphometrical and genetic criteria, culex univittatus is replaced by cx. neavei. cx. poicilipes, which was already reported missing 40 years ago, has not been found again. anopheles arabiensis is confirmed as the onl ... | 2013 | 23681758 |
| tandem antioxidant enzymes confer synergistic protective responses in experimental filariasis. | helminth parasites use antioxidant defence strategies for survival during oxidative stress due to free radicals in the host. accordingly, tissue-dwelling filarial parasites counteract host responses by releasing a number of antioxidants. targeting these redox regulation proteins together, would facilitate effective parasite clearance. here, we report the combined effect of protective immune responses trigged by recombinant wuchereria bancrofti thioredoxin (wbtrx) and thioredoxin peroxidase (wbtp ... | 2014 | 23676147 |
| diethylcarbamazine and non-diethylcarbamazine related bancroftian granuloma: an immunohistochemical study of eosinophil toxic proteins. | it has been suggested, mostly using in vitro experiments, that defenses against parasites involve mainly activated eosinophils and their toxic proteins, such as major basic protein (mbp), eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) and eosinophil peroxidase (epo). eosinophil degranulation has been described around degenerating onchocercal microfilariae in patients treated with diethylcarbamazine (dec). in bancroftian filariasis, traditional histopathologic studies have shown remarkable numbers of eosinoph ... | 2010 | 23675184 |
| a taqman-based multiplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. | with the global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis continuing to make strides towards disease eradication, many locations endemic for the causative parasites of lymphatic filariasis are realizing a substantial decrease in levels of infection and rates of disease transmission. however, with measures of disease continuing to decline, the need for time-saving and economical molecular diagnostic assays capable of detecting low levels of parasite presence is increasing. this need is ... | 2013 | 23669148 |
| evaluation of pcr-elisa as a tool for monitoring transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in district of gampaha, sri lanka. | to compare wuchereria bancrofti (w. bancrofti) infection rates of culex quinquefasciatus, using dissection and pcr-elisa in two consecutive time periods (from 2007 to 2008 and from 2008 to 2009). | 0 | 23646302 |
| monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis interventions: an improved pcr-based pool screening method for high throughput wuchereria bancrofti detection using dried blood spots. | effective diagnostic tools are necessary to monitor and evaluate interruption of lymphatic filariasis (lf) transmission. accurate detection of wuchereria bancrofti (wb) microfilaria (mf) is essential to measure the impact of community treatment programmes. pcr-based assays are specific, highly sensitive tools allowing the detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in human blood samples. however, current protocols describing the pool screening approach, use samples of less than 60 μl of blood, which ... | 2013 | 23597068 |
| susceptibility status of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) populations to the chemical insecticide temephos in pernambuco, brazil. | culex quinquefasciatus is the vector of many agents of human diseases, including wuchereria bancrofti, the parasite that causes bancroftian filariasis, an endemic disease in pernambuco state, brazil. although temephos is not currently used to control c. quinquefasciatus, the species might be under a selection process from incidental exposure to this compound. this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility status of c. quinquefasciatus to temephos, using bioassays, and to investigate its putativ ... | 2013 | 23576326 |
| whole-cell patch-clamp recording of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in adult brugia malayi muscle. | lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating disease caused by clade iii parasites like brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. current recommended treatment regimen for this disease relies on albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine, none of which targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in these parasitic nematodes. our aim therefore has been to develop adult b. malayi for electrophysiological recordings to aid in characterizing the ion channels in this parasite as anthelmintic target sit ... | 2013 | 23562945 |
| lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in andaman and nicobar islands, india: drug coverage and compliance post eight rounds of mda. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is endemic in the andaman and nicobar islands, including the lone foci for a diurnally sub-periodic form of wuchereria bancrofti in the nancowry group of islands. a programme to eliminate lf was launched in 2004 by the directorate of health services, andaman and nicobar administration which involved a single annual mass drug administration (mda) using diethylcarbamazine (dec) with albendazole. so far, eight rounds of mda have been implemented through the public health c ... | 2013 | 23550201 |
| filariasis in an infant with b-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a rare enigma. | filariasis, a tropical parasitic infection, is a common public health problem in the indian sub-continent. occurrence of filariasis with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is unusual, particularly in infants, since filariasis has a long incubation period of about 1 year. though, there are case reports of leishmaniasis, malaria and other vector borne diseases seen in association with leukemias, filariasis co-existing with all has not been documented to the best of our knowledge. we report an inci ... | 2011 | 23543795 |
| effect of diethylcarbamazine (dec) on prostaglandin levels in wuchereria bancrofti infected microfilaraemics. | diethylcarbamazine (dec) interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism for the clearance of microfilariae in wuchereria bancrofti infected individuals. in this study, we have quantified the plasma concentrations of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and 6-keto-pgf1α, the end products of arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in microfilaraemics (dec treated and untreated), and normal healthy individuals at pre- and 3,9,12,36, and 72 h of post-dec treatment. we have also determined the microfilariae counts at pre ... | 2013 | 23525692 |
| genomics of loa loa, a wolbachia-free filarial parasite of humans. | loa loa, the african eyeworm, is a major filarial pathogen of humans. unlike most filariae, l. loa does not contain the obligate intracellular wolbachia endosymbiont. we describe the 91.4-mb genome of l. loa and that of the related filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti and predict 14,907 l. loa genes on the basis of microfilarial rna sequencing. by comparing these genomes to that of another filarial parasite, brugia malayi, and to those of several other nematodes, we demonstrate synteny among f ... | 2013 | 23525074 |
| lymphatic filariasis and associated morbidities in rural communities of ogun state, southwestern nigeria. | lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti is a serious public health problem in rural communities of nigeria. the study assessed the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and associated clinical morbidities in ado-odo ota local government area of ogun state. microscopic examination of thick blood smears of 500 participants of both sexes and age ranging from 1 to 79 years was conducted. visual observations of clinical manifestations of chronic infection were also conducted. the overall pre ... | 2014 | 23518235 |
| predicted binding of certain antifilarial compounds with glutathione-s-transferase of human filariids. | : glutathione-s-transferase is a major phase-ii detoxification enzyme in parasitic helminthes. previous research highlights the importance of gsts in the establishment of chronic infections in cytotoxic microenvironments. filarial nematodes depend on these detoxification enzymes for their survival in the host. gst plays an important role in filariasis and other diseases. gst from w.bancrofti and b.malayi are very much different from human gst. this structural difference makes gst potential chemo ... | 2013 | 23516334 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of partial genomic dna coding for htra-type serine protease of wolbachia from human lymphatic filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti. | periplasmic serine proteases of htra type of wolbachia have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of filarial disease. | 2011 | 23508470 |
| evolutionary immune response to conserved domains in parasites and aeroallergens. | the immune response based on immunoglobulin e (ige) evolved as a defense against specific parasitic infections. in the absence of active helminthic infections, the immune system has redirected its ige epitopes toward innocuous environmental antigens. helminths and aeroallergens have a similar stereotypical ige response to unique antigens that can not be explained by chance alone. this study was designed to evaluate potential homology between conserved protein domains embedded in parasitic organi ... | 2016 | 23406942 |
| introduction to the symposium global perspective on the culex pipiens complex in the 21st century: the interrelationship of culex pipiens, quinquefasciatus, molestus and others. | mosquitoes in the culex pipiens complex, including culex pipiens, cx. quinquefasciatus, and cx. molestus, are important pest species and vectors of human and animal diseases throughout the world's tropical, temperate, and holarctic regions. diseases transmitted by member of the pipiens complex include: st. louis encephalitis and west nile virus in north america, west nile virus on several other continents, rift valley fever in africa, lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti in the tr ... | 2012 | 23401940 |
| impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among kenyan children living in a schistosoma haematobium-endemic area. | we measured prevalence of schistosoma haematobium, wuchereria bancrofti, plasmodium falciparum, hookworm, and other geohelminths among school-aged children in four endemic villages in kwale county, kenya and explored the relationship between multiparasite burden, undernutrition, and anemia. in 2009-2010 surveys, cross-sectional data were obtained for 2,030 children 5-18 years old. infections were most prevalent for s. haematobium (25-62%), hookworm (11-28%), and falciparum malaria (8-24%). over ... | 2013 | 23324217 |
| lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: distribution at district level and impact of mass drug administration, 1980 to 2011. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by wuchereria bancrofti is present at high prevalence in some parts of papua new guinea. however, there has been no rigorous data-based representative assessment of nationwide prevalence of lf. the lf programme has been daunted by the scope of the problem, and progress on mass drug administration (mda) has been slow and lacking in resources. | 2013 | 23311302 |
| elimination of lymphatic filariasis: mass drug administration in endemic areas of (bidar district) karnataka-2008. | lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito transmitted disease, caused by parasitic worm wuchereria bancrofti. global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis was established in early 2000. the strategy recommended by the world health organization is annual mass drug administration (mda) of single-dose of diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg (dec), distributed to inhabitants of filariasis endemic areas, excluding children below 2 years of age, pregnant women, and seriously ill persons, and morbidity mana ... | 0 | 23293434 |
| diagnosis of brugian filariasis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | in this study we developed and evaluated a brugia hha i repeat loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid detection of brugia genomic dna. amplification was detected using turbidity or fluorescence as readouts. reactions generated a turbidity threshold value or a clear visual positive within 30 minutes using purified genomic dna equivalent to one microfilaria. similar results were obtained using dna isolated from blood samples containing b. malayi microfilariae. amplificat ... | 2012 | 23272258 |
| filamentation temperature-sensitive protein z (ftsz) of wolbachia, endosymbiont of wuchereria bancrofti: a potential target for anti-filarial chemotherapy. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a leading cause of morbidity in the tropical world. it is caused by the filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori and transmitted by vector mosquitoes. currently a programme for the elimination of lf, global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (gpelf), is underway with the strategy of mass administration of single dose of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin, in combination with an anthelmintic drug, albendazole. however, anti ... | 2012 | 23262214 |
| nematode asparaginyl-trna synthetase resolves intestinal inflammation in mice with t-cell transfer colitis. | the therapeutic effects of a controlled parasitic nematode infection on the course of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) have been demonstrated in both animal and human models. however, the inability of individual well-characterized nematode proteins to recreate these beneficial effects has limited the application of component immunotherapy to human disease. the nematodes that cause chronic human lymphatic filariasis, brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti, are among the parasites that induce immu ... | 2013 | 23254300 |
| urban lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a disabling and disfiguring disease resulting from a mosquito-borne parasitic infection. it is a major public health problem in many countries with a warm climate. research and control activities have mainly focused on lf in rural areas where it also has its major impact. however, with rapid and unplanned growth of cities in the developing world, there is a need also to consider lf transmission and control in urban settings. here, we review currently available knowle ... | 2012 | 23239094 |
| longitudinal monitoring of the development of antifilarial antibodies and acquisition of wuchereria bancrofti in a highly endemic area of haiti. | antifilarial antibody testing has been established as a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing lymphatic filariasis. however, the development of serological responses to specific filarial antigens and their relationship to acquisition of infection is poorly understood. in order to evaluate whether the development of antigen specific antifilarial antibodies precedes microfilaremia and antigenemia, we compared the antibody responses of serum samples collected between 1990 and 1999 from a coho ... | 2012 | 23236534 |
| antibody to the filarial antigen wb123 reflects reduced transmission and decreased exposure in children born following single mass drug administration (mda). | antibody (ab) to the wuchereria bancrofti (wb) infective larval (l3) antigen wb123, using a luciferase immunoprecipitation system (lips) assay, has been shown to be a species-specific, early marker of infection developed for potential use as a surveillance tool following transmission interruption post mass drug administration. to examine its usefulness in a single filarial-endemic island assessed at two time points with markedly different levels of transmission, ab to wb123 was measured in sera ... | 2012 | 23236533 |
| identification of wb123 as an early and specific marker of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | the current antibody tests used for monitoring in lymphatic filariasis (lf) elimination programs suffer from poor specificity because of the considerable geographical overlap with other filarial infections such as loa loa (ll), onchocerca volvulus (ov), and mansonella perstans (mp). | 2012 | 23236529 |
| reactive oxygen species production and brugia pahangi survivorship in aedes polynesiensis with artificial wolbachia infection types. | heterologous transinfection with the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has been shown previously to induce pathogen interference phenotypes in mosquito hosts. here we examine an artificially infected strain of aedes polynesiensis, the primary vector of wuchereria bancrofti, which is the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis (lf) throughout much of the south pacific. embryonic microinjection was used to transfer the walbb infection from aedes albopictus into an aposymbiotic strain of ae. polyne ... | 2012 | 23236284 |
| evaluation of gravid traps for the collection of culex quinquefasciatus, a vector of lymphatic filariasis in tanzania. | although several studies have suggested that gravid traps might be useful for collection of mosquitoes, particularly culex quinquefasciatus, to monitor transmission of the nematode wuchereria bancrofti (xenomonitoring), there has not been a study to see which of the currently available gravid traps is most effective in endemic areas. the present study evaluated the comparative efficacy for collection of cx quinquefasciatus of four commercially available gravid traps: the cdc, frommer updraft, re ... | 2013 | 23222942 |
| lymphoscintigraphy in unilateral lower limb and scrotal lymphedema caused by filariasis. | lymphedema is the edema that results from chronic lymphatic insufficiency. lymphatic filariasis is caused by the filarial nematodes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and brugia timori. lymphatic filariasis is common in tropical and subtropical regions. early diagnosis and prompt therapy can be implemented using lymphoscintigraphy. our patient is a 15-year-old boy presenting with a 3-month history of hydrocele. the patient was referred to us to rule out any lower limb lymphatic obstruction as ... | 2012 | 23222136 |
| inter and intra-specific diversity of parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by three closely related nematode parasites: wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori. these species have many ecological variants that differ in several aspects of their biology such as mosquito vector species, host range, periodicity, and morphology. although the genome of b. malayi (the first genome sequenced from a parasitic nematode) has been available for more than five years, very little is known about genetic variability among the lymphatic dwe ... | 2012 | 23201850 |
| diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in west africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of anopheles-transmitted filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is targeted for elimination by the global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (gpelf). the strategy adopted is based on the density dependent phenomenon of facilitation, which hypothesizes that in an area where the vector species transmitting wuchereria bancrofti are anopheles mosquitoes, it is feasible to eliminate lf using mass drug administration (mda) because of the inability of anopheles species to transmit low-density microfilaraemia. even though ... | 2012 | 23151383 |
| filariasis attenuates anemia and proinflammatory responses associated with clinical malaria: a matched prospective study in children and young adults. | wuchereria bancrofti (wb) and mansonella perstans (mp) are blood-borne filarial parasites that are endemic in many countries of africa, including mali. the geographic distribution of wb and mp overlaps considerably with that of malaria, and coinfection is common. although chronic filarial infection has been shown to alter immune responses to malaria parasites, its effect on clinical and immunologic responses in acute malaria is unknown. | 2012 | 23133692 |
| a review of the complexity of biology of lymphatic filarial parasites. | there are about five more common, including wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, and four less common filarial parasites infecting human. genetic analysis of w. bancrofti populations in india showed that two strains of the species are prevalent in the country. the adult filarial parasites are tissue specific in the human host and their embryonic stage, called microfilariae (mf), are found in the blood or skin of the host, depending upon the species of the parasite. three genetically determine ... | 2010 | 23129882 |
| a double-blind controlled field trial of doxycycline and albendazole in combination for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis in india. | in a placebo controlled field trial, the effects of doxycycline (200mg/day) for 23 days followed by doxycycline (200mg/day) in combination with albendazole (abz) (400mg/day) for 7 days on depletion of wolbachia endobacteria from wuchereria bancrofti and microfilaricidal activity were studied in 68 patients (34 males and 34 females) from west bengal, india. the drugs in combination (i.e., doxycycline+abz) provided the best efficacy by totally eliminating the circulating microfilaria (mf) (in 42% ... | 2013 | 23123345 |
| predictive value of the eosinophil counts in the biological diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in french polynesia. | lymphatic filariasis is common in many tropical and subtropical areas and is a major public health issue in south pacific islands. in endemic areas, most infected individuals are asymptomatic but may harbor microfilariae or filarial antigens in their peripheral blood. microscopy remains the reference diagnostic tool for the identification of microfilariae but is weakly sensitive. the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection was dramatically altered by the development of filarial antigen tests ... | 2012 | 23116705 |
| microscopic haematuria as an occult filarial infection in bhubaneshwar an endemic area for bancroftian filariasis. | sera samples of 7 microscopic haematuria cases collected before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate, (dec), 9 microfilaraemic cases and 19 endemic normal individuals were analysed for filarial antigen and igg antibody levels. filarial antigen was detected in 5 of the 7 microscopic haematuria cases, of which 3 turned negative for antigen after treatment with dec. while none of the 7 haematuria cases were positive for filarial igg antibodies, before the dec treatment, all of them t ... | 2003 | 23105372 |
| host protective immunity and vaccine development studies in lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis caused mainly by infection fromwuchereria bancrofti andbrugia malayi remains as the major cause of clinical morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries. development of vaccine against filarial infection can act as additional measure to the existing therapeutic and vector control methods in the control of this disease. the main hurdles in the development of anti-filarial vaccine are the strict primate specificity ofwuchereria bancrofti, the paucity of parasite material, t ... | 2000 | 23105276 |
| identification of a ldl-receptor in the lymphatic filarial parasitewuchereria bancrofti. | little is known about host-parasite inter-relationship in the lymphatic filarial parasites. there is no information available about the ability of these parasites to acquire cholesterol, though it is known that in general, nematodes lack the ability to synthesise cholesterolde novo. in this study, we have shown that the filarial parasites also lack the ability to incorporate labelled acetate into cholesterol, indicating the absence of the machinery for cholesterol biosynthesis. we have further s ... | 1999 | 23105221 |
| effect of nutritional supplements and protease inhibitor on the yield of es antigens ofbrugia malayi microfilariaein vitro. | brugia malayi microfilarial excretory-secretory (mf es) antigens obtained byin vitro maintenance of mf are important tools in the immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. to increase the yield of mf es products, the effect of nutritional supplements on the culture medium (rpmi 1640) and the maintenance temperature were studied. supplementation of rpmi 1640 medium with organic acids and sugars of grace's insect culture medium forin vitro maintenance of 10 lakhs of mf in 40 ml medium increased t ... | 1999 | 23105212 |
| modulation of cellular immune response by cytokines in bancroftian filariasis. | human lymphatic filariasis is a chronic helminth infection caused bywuchereria bancrofti andbrugia malayi. wide spectrum of clinical manifestations are seen in different clinical groups of filariasis patients which comprises asymptomatic patients with circulating microfilaria (mf), individuals with chronic lymphatic obstruction (cp), endemic normals (en) who are asymptomatic and amicrofilaraemic or the relatively rare tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe). the cellular immune response to this in ... | 1997 | 23100891 |
| susceptibility of wolbachia, an endosymbiont of brugia malayi microfilariae, to doxycycline determined by quantitative pcr assay. | lymphatic filariasis, caused by filarial nematodes, is a mosquito-borne disease that affects over 120 million people in the tropics and subtropics. the disease is caused mainly by wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. fertile adult female worms release offsprings (microfilariae) into the host blood circulatory system. transmission-blocking agents as well as antimicrobial agents have been used to reduce microfilarial density in human and animal reservoir hosts. doxycycline and rifampicin have a ... | 2012 | 23077805 |
| lymphatic filariasis among the yakurr people of cross river state, nigeria. | in order to initiate a disease elimination programme for lymphatic filariasis based on mass drug administration, a proper understanding of the geographical distribution and degree of risk is essential. | 2012 | 22992226 |
| parasitic diseases of the pleura. | parasitic infections are prevalent in certain parts of the world and may cause pleural involvement, which often goes unrecognized. common parasites involving the pleura include entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus granulosus and paragonimus westermani. amebiasis can cause empyema with "anchovy sauce" pus, reactive pleural effusions and bronchopleural fistula with hydropneumothorax. echinococcosis may result in pleural thickening, pneumothorax, secondary pleural hydatidosis and pleural effusions. ... | 2013 | 22990049 |
| recombinant trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase of brugia malayi cross-reacts with human wuchereria bancrofti immune sera and engenders a robust protective outcome in mice. | trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase of brugia malayi (bm-tpp) represents an attractive vaccine candidate because it is present in all the major life stages of parasite, but is absent in mammals. we have previously cloned, purified and biochemically characterized bm-tpp. in the present study, we investigated the cross-reactivity of recombinant bm-tpp (r-bm-tpp) with the sera of human bancroftian patients belonging to different disease categories. in silico study using bioinformatics tool demonstrat ... | 2012 | 22981601 |
| molecular modeling, dynamics, and an insight into the structural inhibition of cofactor independent phosphoglycerate mutase isoform 1 from wuchereria bancrofti using cheminformatics and mutational studies. | phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the interconversion between 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate in the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. they exist in two unrelated forms, that is either cofactor (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) dependent or cofactor-independent. these two enzymes have no similarity in amino acid sequence, tertiary structure, and in catalytic mechanism. wuchereria bancrofti (wb) contains the cofactor-independent form, whereas other organisms can possess the dependent form o ... | 2013 | 22908983 |
| epidemiological screening of lymphatic filariasis among immigrants using dipstick colloidal dye immunoassay. | we have recently reported that a dipstick colloidal dye immunoassay (dia) that detect parasite antigens in human serum is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of active infection of lymphatic filariasis. rabbit polyclonal antibodies (rbbmcag) labelled with a commercial dye, palanil navy blue was used to detect filarial antigenemia among indonesian and bangladeshi immigrant workers (n= 630) at oil palm estates at hulu trengganu district, peninsular malaysia. microfilaremia with brugia malayi ... | 2001 | 22893756 |
| molecular and functional characterization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) homolog of human from lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti. | the ability of nematode parasites to survive in a highly complex immune system involves diverse strategies including production of a variety of host immune modulators. various parasite-associated surface antigens or excretory and secretory products may possibly play a role in the host-parasite interactions and successful survival of parasite in their respective host. one among these molecules is a human cytokine homolog, macrophage migration inhibitory factor-1 (mif-1) in various parasites. we i ... | 2012 | 22875393 |
| evidence for stopping mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in some, but not all local government areas of plateau and nasarawa states, nigeria. | an average of six annual rounds of ivermectin and albendazole were distributed in plateau and nasarawa states, nigeria, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. from 2007 to 2008, population-based surveys were implemented in all 30 local government areas (lgas) of the two states to determine the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia to assess which lga mass drug administration (mda) could be halted. in total, 36,681 persons from 7,819 households were examined for filarial antigen as determine ... | 0 | 22855758 |
| morphological variations in microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in cytology smears: a morphometric study of 32 cases. | microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti has been described in many cytological specimens, where typical blood film morphology has been used for evaluation. however, these studies have not documented the morphological variations in microfilaria in cytological smears. in the present study, cytological findings in 32 clinically unsuspected cases of filariasis were reviewed with emphasis on morphological details and image morphometric measurements. | 2012 | 22846330 |
| use of a simple dna extraction method for high-throughput detection of filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti in the vector mosquitoes. | molecular xenomonitoring of filariasis is the detection of filarial dna in mosquitoes by pcr and a useful tool for monitoring transmission. dna extraction coupled with pcr allows rapid detection of the presence or absence of the filarial parasite in vector mosquitoes compared to traditional method of manual dissection of the mosquito and observation for parasite under a microscope. a tris-edta (te) buffer-based boiling method of dna extraction developed earlier by us was employed and explored fo ... | 2012 | 22777703 |
| change in composition of the anopheles gambiae complex and its possible implications for the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in north-eastern tanzania. | a dramatic decline in the incidence of malaria due to plasmodium falciparum infection in coastal east africa has recently been reported to be paralleled (or even preceded) by an equally dramatic decline in malaria vector density, despite absence of organized vector control. as part of investigations into possible causes for the change in vector population density, the present study analysed the anopheles gambiae s.l. sibling species composition in north-eastern tanzania. | 2012 | 22681999 |
| altered circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors associated with elevated type 2 cytokines in lymphatic filarial disease. | infection with wuchereria bancrofti can cause severe disease characterized by subcutaneous fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are a family of enzymes governing extracellular remodeling by regulating cellular homeostasis, inflammation, and tissue reorganization, while tissue-inhibitors of metalloproteinases (timps) are endogenous regulators of mmps. homeostatic as well as inflammation-induced balance between mmps and timps is considered critical in medi ... | 2012 | 22679524 |
| mansonia africana and mansonia uniformis are vectors in the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in ghana. | recent data from ghana indicates that after seven rounds of annual mass drug administration (mda) there is still sustained transmission albeit at low levels in certain areas where anopheles melas, an. gambiae s.s., mansonia and culex species are the main biting mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus are the known vectors in ghana and a recent report indicated that an. melas could transmit at low level microfilaraemia. however, because an. melas is not found everywhere there was the ... | 2012 | 22564488 |
| plasmodium knowlesi and wuchereria bancrofti: their vectors and challenges for the future. | malaria and filariasis still continue to pose public health problems in developing countries of the tropics. although plans are in progress for the elimination of both these parasitic vector borne diseases, we are now faced with a daunting challenge as we have a fifth species, plasmodium knowlesi a simian malaria parasite affecting humans. similarly in peninsular malaysia, filariasis was mainly due to brugia malayi. however, we now see cases of wuchereria bancrofti in immigrant workers coming in ... | 2012 | 22557977 |
| molecular mimicry between cockroach and helminth glutathione s-transferases promotes cross-reactivity and cross-sensitization. | the extensive similarities between helminth proteins and allergens are thought to contribute to helminth-driven allergic sensitization. | 2012 | 22541242 |
| population genetic structure of aedes polynesiensis in the society islands of french polynesia: implications for control using a wolbachia-based autocidal strategy. | aedes polynesiensis is the primary vector of wuchereria bancrofti in the south pacific and an important vector of dengue virus. an improved understanding of the mosquito population genetics is needed for insight into the population dynamics and dispersal, which can aid in understanding the epidemiology of disease transmission and control of the vector. in light of the potential release of a wolbachia infected strain for vector control, our objectives were to investigate the microgeographical and ... | 2012 | 22531297 |
| comparing the mitochondrial genomes of wolbachia-dependent and independent filarial nematode species. | many species of filarial nematodes depend on wolbachia endobacteria to carry out their life cycle. other species are naturally wolbachia-free. the biological mechanisms underpinning wolbachia-dependence and independence in filarial nematodes are not known. previous studies have indicated that wolbachia have an impact on mitochondrial gene expression, which may suggest a role in energy metabolism. if wolbachia can supplement host energy metabolism, reduced mitochondrial function in infected filar ... | 2012 | 22530989 |
| insecticide resistance in culex quinquefasciatus from zanzibar: implications for vector control programmes. | zanzibar has a long history of lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti, and transmitted by the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus say. the lf programme in zanzibar has successfully implemented mass drug administration (mda) to interrupt transmission, and is now in the elimination phase. monitoring infections in mosquitoes, and assessing the potential role of interventions such as vector control, is important in case the disease re-emerges as a public health pr ... | 2012 | 22520274 |
| elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of wuchereria bancrofti. | in order to guarantee the fulfillment of their complex lifecycle, adult filarial nematodes release millions of microfilariae (mf), which are taken up by mosquito vectors. the current strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem focuses upon interrupting this transmission through annual mass drug administration (mda). it remains unclear however, how many rounds of mda are required to achieve low enough levels of mf to cease transmission. interestingly, with the developmen ... | 2012 | 22509424 |
| parasitological, serological and clinical evidence for high prevalence of podoconiosis (non-filarial elephantiasis) in midakegn district, central ethiopia. | to determine whether the elephantiasis in midakegn district, central ethiopia, is filarial or non-filarial (podoconiosis) using serological, parasitological and clinical examinations, and to estimate its prevalence. | 2012 | 22487446 |
| lymphatic filariasis in east district, sikkim. | east district of sikkim has been considered as non-endemic for lymphatic filariasis (lf). however, a lf survey conducted during 2008 revealed microfilaria rate (mf rate) of 1.2%. the lf survey was carried out in 15 randomly selected villages and urban localities of east sikkim. out of 3,428 night blood smears collected and examined, 42 were found positive for wuchereria bancrofti. microfilaria (mf) carriers were detected from 5 surveyed villages and 5 urban localities of singtam and rangpoo with ... | 2010 | 22468549 |
| incidental detection of filaria in fine-needle aspirates: a cytologic study of 14 clinically unsuspected cases at different sites. | filariasis is a major health problem in tropical countries like india. detection of microfilariae or adult worm or egg in fnac is very unusual despite the high incidence of this parasite in endemic zone. the aim of this study was to document the value of fine-needle aspiration cytology (fnac) in diagnosis of filaria at all possible sites presenting as mass or swelling. fourteen patients (nine males and five females) in the age range of 14-61 years were subjected to fnac. fna from swellings was d ... | 2012 | 22431316 |
| cloning and characterization of high mobility group box protein 1 (hmgb1) of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. | a human homologue of high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) protein was cloned and characterized from the human filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. sequence analysis showed that w. bancrofti hmgb1 (wbhmgb1) and b. malayi hmgb1 (bmhmgb1) proteins share 99 % sequence identity. filarial hmgb1 showed typical architectural sequence characteristics of hmgb family of proteins and consisted of only a single hmg box domain that had significant sequence similarity to the pro-inflammatory ... | 2012 | 22402610 |
| using the ad12-ict rapid-format test to detect wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigens in comparison to og4c3-elisa and nucleopore membrane filtration and microscopy techniques. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) continues to be a major source of permanent disability and an impediment to socio-economic development in 73 countries where more than 1 billion people are at risk and over 120 millions are infected. the global drive to eliminate lf necessitates an increasing demand for valid, reliable and rapid diagnostic tests. this study aimed to assess the performance of the ad12 rapid format immunochromatographic test (ict) to detect wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigens, again ... | 2012 | 22392137 |
| characterization of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase isoform-1 (wb-ipgm) gene: a drug and diagnostic target from human lymphatic filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti. | the inter-conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate during glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in filarial nematodes, is catalyzed by a co-factor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (ipgm). the gene encoding ipgm isoform-1 was amplified from wuchereria bancrofti, the major causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. partial genomic dna (gdna) fragment of the gene was also amplified from periodic and sub-periodic forms of w. bancrofti and brugia malayi and sequenced. the wb-ipgm isofo ... | 2012 | 22386851 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti from three geographic isolates provides evidence of complex demographic history. | mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences have enabled comparison of population genetics and evolution for numerous free-living and parasitic nematodes. here we define the complete mt genome of wuchereria bancrofti through analysis of isolates from papua new guinea, india and west africa. sequences were assembled for each isolate and annotated with reference to the mt genome sequence for brugia malayi. the length of the w. bancrofti mt genome is approximately 13,637 nucleotides, contains 2 ribosomal r ... | 2012 | 22326389 |
| the impact of a national program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in selected myanmar immigrant communities in bangkok and ranong province, thailand. | some immigrants from myanmar to thailand have brought wuchereria bancrofti infections with them, causing a community health problem for thai citizens. the seroprevalence of bancroftian filariasis was detected in 438 and 512 myanmar immigrants residing in bangkok and ranong provinces, respectively, along with 81 thai citizens living in bangkok. the immunochromatograpy card test was positive in 5 myanmar immigrants living in bangkok and 1 living in ranong for a prevalence of 0.63%. antifilarial ig ... | 2011 | 22299429 |
| multiple filarial species microfilaraemia: a comparative study of areas with endemic and sporadic onchocerciasis. | the study was aimed at determining the pattern of co-occurrence of species of microfilaraemia between onchocerciasis endemic and sporadic populations. | 2011 | 22297280 |
| lymphatic filariasis mapping by immunochromatographic test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in sierra leone. | abstract: background: national mapping of lymphatic filariasis (lf) was conducted using immunochromatographic tests (ict) in 2005 to determine endemicity and geographic spread of the disease. a baseline microfilaria survey was then conducted to determine lf prevalence and microfilaria intensity. methods: in 2005 1,982 persons of 15 years and over from 14 health districts were selected and fingertip blood samples were tested with ict cards. in 2007-8 blood samples were taken between 10 p.m. a ... | 2012 | 22236419 |
| bacillus sphaericus in the adults of culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes emerged from treated larvae and its effect on development of the filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti. | bacillus sphaericus is a bio-control agent effective against culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of bancroftian filariasis. apart from its larvicidal effect, there are reports of reduced infection of filarial parasites in mosquitoes exposed to it. in the present study, adults of cx. quinquefasciatus emerged from b. sphaericus treated larvae were fed on blood samples positive for microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and examined at various time intervals to assess the infection level. the rate of ... | 2011 | 22173452 |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia misdiagnosed as miliary tuberculosis: a case report and literature review. | tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. it is an occult form of human filariasis and results from an exaggerated immune response to filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. tuberculosis is prevalent in our country and may mimic almost any pulmonary disease on chest skiagram. here we describe a patient with acute chest symptoms and micro-nodular opacity over chest roentogenogram, diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis and tre ... | 2011 | 22172479 |
| [process for lymphatic filariasis elimination in jiangsu province, china]. | to review the process of lymphatic filariasis elimination in jiangsu province, and summarize the control experience. | 2011 | 22164632 |