Publications

[moulds and yeasts in bottled water and soft drinks].	some damaged cartons of soft drinks and carbonated water were analyzed to detect the microorganisms that caused the damage. the contaminants of sugar used in the production of one of the drinks were also studied. the methods of déak & beuchat and pitt & hocking were used for the identification of yeasts and moulds, respectively. the agents of the spoilage of soft drinks were debaryomyces hansenii, debaryomyces polymorphus, galactomyces geotrichum, metschnikowia pulcherrima, mucor circinelloides, ...	2006	17037258
biosorption of anionic textile dyes by nonviable biomass of fungi and yeast.	the nonviable biomass of aspergillus niger, aspergillus japonica, rhizopus nigricans, rhizopus arrhizus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae were screened for biosorption of textile dyes. the selected anionic reactive dyes were c.i. reactive black 8, c.i. reactive brown 9, c.i. reactive green 19, c.i. reactive blue 38, and c.i. reactive blue 3. experiments were conducted at initial dye concentration of 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/l. the effect of initial dye concentration, dose of biosorbent loading, temper ...	2007	16997547
synthesis, structure and biological activity of cobalt(ii) and copper(ii) complexes of valine-derived schiff bases.	we have synthesized two cobalt(ii) 2 and copper(ii) 3 complexes of valine-derived schiff bases. the obtained complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ft-ir and x-ray diffraction. biological studies of complexes 2 and 3 had been carried out in vitro for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and human pathogenic fungi. compound 3 was proven to be a broad spectrum agent, showed a significant inhibition of the growth of gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus ...	2006	16965817
a comparative study on biosorption characteristics of certain fungi for bromophenol blue dye.	laboratory investigations of the potential use of dried biomasses of rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium sp., geotrichum sp., and aspergillus fumigatus as biosorbents for the removal of bromophenol blue (bpb) dye from aqueous solutions were conducted. kinetics studies indicated that the bpb dye uptake processes can be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. the fungal biomasses exhibited the highest dye biosorption at ph 2.0. the langmuir adsorption model appears to fit the dye biosorption be ...	2006	16891666
[concentration of allergic fungi spores in the air of flats in lódź].	the real contribution of moulds to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases remains unknown, although positive skin prick tests and/or specific serum ige to moki allergens can be detected in 1-5% of atopic patients. a significant problem in assesment of exposure to mould allergens, resulting with difficulty in standarization of methods. the aim of this work was to assess the concentration of spores of 8 mould species in flats inhabited by peoples who bont show any symptoms of allergy. the open petr ...	1999	16886472
biocatalytic and antimetastatic studies of the marine cembranoids sarcophine and 2-epi-16-deoxysarcophine.	the soft coral sarcophyton glaucum is a rich resource of several bioactive cembranoids. sarcophytol a (1) and sarcophine (2) are cembranoid diterpenes reported from this soft coral and extensively investigated for their cancer chemopreventive properties. this study aimed at investigating the antimetastatic potential of the major cembranoids, sarcophine (2) and 2-epi-16-deoxysarcophine (3), from the red sea soft coral s. glaucum. biocatalytic transformation of 3 using rhizopus stolonifer atcc 622 ...	2006	16872134
exposure to airborne fungi during conservative dental treatment.	the aim of the study was a mycological assessment of bioaerosol forming during conservative dental treatment, taking into account concentration and type of fungal microflora, and evaluation of the influence of duwl disinfecting protocol on the fungal contamination of the bioaerosol. the research was conducted on 25 operative sites located in public dental clinics. the air contained in the space between a patient and a dentist during conservative dental treatment with the use of a high-speed hand ...	2006	16841889
toxic micromycetes in grain raw material during its processing.	in 2003-2005 micromycetes were isolated and identified from wheat, barley, rye, buckwheat grain brought into mills or from processing enterprises. contamination of the produced flour with micromycete propagules (cfu g(-1)), changes in micromycete diversity and abundance in the course of flour storage, preparation and baking of bread, production of groats or other food products and fodder were determined. most attention was given to widely distributed micromycetes, known producers of toxins: alte ...	2006	16841886
the effect of storage time and agroecological zone on mould incidence and aflatoxin contamination of maize from traders in uganda.	a study to determine mould incidence and aflatoxin contamination of maize kernels was carried out among dealers (traders) in the three agroecological zones of uganda. the maize kernels were categorized into those stored for two to six months or for more than six months to one year. results indicate that the mean moisture content of the kernels was within the recommended safe storage levels of < or =15% but was significantly lower in the highland maize kernels followed by the mid-altitude (dry) k ...	2006	16822572
biotransformation of physalin h and leishmanicidal activity of its transformed products.	the transformation of physalin h (1) with rhizopus stolonifer and cunninghamella elegans has afforded two new physalins, 6,7-dehydrophysalin h (2) and 6-deoxyphysalin h (3), along with a known isophysalin b (4). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. all of these compounds have shown potent leishmanicidal activity with ic50 values in the range of 6.03-13.80 microm.	2006	16819205
biosynthesis of the macrocyclic diterpene casbene in castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings : the purification and properties of farnesyl transferase from elicited seedlings.	farnesyl transferase (farnesyl pyrophosphate: isopentenyl pyrophosphate farnesyl transferase; geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase) was purified at least 400-fold from extracts of castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings that were elicited by exposure for 10 h to rhizopus stolonifer spores. the purified enzyme was free of isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase and phosphatase activities which interfere with prenyl transferase assays. the purified enzyme showed a broad optimum for farnesyl tra ...	1986	16664818
biosynthesis of the macrocyclic diterpene casbene in castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings : changes in enzyme levels induced by fungal infection and intracellular localization of the pathway.	casbene is a macrocyclic diterpene hydrocarbon that is produced in young castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings after they are exposed to rhizopus stolonifer or other fungi. the activities of enzymes that participate in casbene biosynthesis were measured in cell-free extracts of 67-hour castor bean seedlings (a) that had been exposed to r. stolonifer spores 18 hours prior to the preparation of extracts, and (b) that were maintained under aseptic conditions throughout. activity for the conve ...	1986	16664817
comparison of proteinase inhibitor-inducing activities and phytoalexin elicitor activities of a pure fungal endopolygalacturonase, pectic fragments, and chitosans.	rhizopus stolonifer endopolygalacturonase, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings, was found to be a potent elicitor of the phytoalexin pisatin in pea pods and of proteinase inhibitor i in tomato leaves. the enzyme was an active elicitor or inducer only in its active native state; heat-denatured enzyme was inactive in all three systems. the activities of (a) the tomato pectic polysaccharide proteinase inhibitor-inducing factor, (b) a partially acid hydrolyzed protein ...	1984	16663934
characteristics of galacturonic acid oligomers as elicitors of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings.	partial digestion of polygalacturonic acid with polygalacturonase isolated from rhizopus stolonifer produces a mixture of alpha-1,4-d-galacturonide oligomers which act to elicit casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (ricinus communis l). these oligomers were separated by anion exchange chromatography on deae sephadex a-25 into discrete sizes and their degrees of polymerization were analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. a minimum degree of polymerization of nine units appears ...	1984	16663547
elicitation of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean : the role of pectic fragments of the plant cell wall in elicitation by a fungal endopolygalacturonase.	endopolygalacturonase isolated from culture filtrates of the fungus rhizopus stolonifer was shown previously to act as an elicitor of biosynthetic capacity for the antifungal agent, casbene, in castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings (s.-c. lee, c.a. west 1981 plant physiology 67:633-639). selective amidation of exposed carboxyl groups of the pure fungal endopolygalacturonase using intermediate activation with a water-soluble carbodiimide under mild conditions leads to inactivation of its en ...	1982	16662367
properties of rhizopus stolonifer polygalacturonase, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings.	some properties of the polygalacturonase-elicitor from the filtrates of rhizopus stolonifer cultures have been examined in an attempt to understand its mode of action as an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings. both the polygalacturonase activity and the elicitor activity are heat-labile with similar heat-sensitivity profiles. also, the catalytic activity of the enzyme is lost on treatment with sodium periodate, as had been shown previously for the elicitor activity. ...	1981	16661729
polygalacturonase from rhizopus stolonifer, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings.	apparently homogeneous polygalacturonase-elicitor purified from the filtrates of rhizopus stolonifer cultures stimulates germinating castor bean seedlings to produce greatly increased levels of casbene synthetase activity. the purification procedure involved gel-filtration chromatography on sephadex g-25 and g-75 columns followed by cation-exchange chromatography on a sephadex cm c-50 column. homogeneity of the purified preparation was indicated by the results of cationic polyacrylamide disc gel ...	1981	16661728
diterpene biosynthesis in maize seedlings in response to fungal infection.	a cell-free system which catalyzes the biosynthesis of terpene hydrocarbons when supplemented with mevalonate, mn(2+), and atp was prepared from the scutellum-embryonic axis region of maize seedlings. the capacity of this system for the production of terpene hydrocarbons was enhanced 50- to 100-fold when the seedlings were exposed for 48 hours to the fungus rhizopus stolonifer prior to tissue homogenization. the fungi aspergillus niger, fusarium moniliforme, and verticillium albo-atrum also elic ...	1979	16660976
biosynthesis of the diterpene phytoalexin casbene: partial purification and characterization of casbene synthetase from ricinis communis.	casbene synthetase from 67-hour seedlings of ricinis communis l. which had been treated with rhizopus stolonifer spores was purified 700-fold by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, qae a-50 sephadex chromatography, and g-100 sephadex chromatography. polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified fraction was heterogeneous. no casbene synthetase was detected in extracts of seedlings which had not been exposed to the fungal spores; maximum activity was obtained fro ...	1978	16660566
purification and properties of an elicitor of castor bean phytoalexin from culture filtrates of the fungus rhizopus stolonifer.	evidence has been obtained for the presence in filtrates of 3-day-old cultures of the fungus rhizopus stolonifer grown on potato-dextrose medium of both high molecular weight and low molecular weight elicitors of the production of the phytoalexin casbene in cell-free extracts of castor bean (ricinus communis l.) seedlings. the high molecular weight elicitor activity was purified by means of gel filtration chromatography. both protein and carbohydrate are associated with the most purified fractio ...	1978	16660233
anaerobic formation of fumaric acid by the mold rhizopus nigricans.		1948	16561577
survey and significance of filamentous fungi from tap water.	fungi in drinking water are involved in the production of tastes and odours in water. health problems are possible, originating from mycotoxins, animal pathogens and allergies. this report concerns the surveillance of mesophilic fungi in tap water and assessment of their potential for causing problems. the methods for the determination of the filamentous fungi (ff) were filtering, swabbing and baiting. tap water, half-strength corn meal, neopeptone-glucose rose bengal aureomycin (ngrba) and oomy ...	2006	16459143
microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater.	discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. conventional treatment technologies for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution are not economical and generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive non-living biomass of microbial or plant origin is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. due to unique chemical compos ...	2007	16427277
hydroxylation of the sesterterpene leucosceptrine by the fungus rhizopus stolonifer.	the microbial transformation of leucosceptrine (1), the first member of class leucosesterterpenes, by rhizopus stolonifer afforded two metabolites, 1alpha-hydroxyleucosceptrine (2), and 8alpha-hydroxyleucosceptrine (3).	2006	16426649
fungi that infect cottonseeds before harvest.	as a part of an investigation of aflatoxins and other mycotoxins in cottonseeds at harvest, samples of seeds collected from the 1971 crop at locations across the u.s. cotton belt were examined to determine the kinds of microorganisms causing internal or seed-coat infection in the field. aspergillus flavus infection was absent from all seeds examined from most areas but was present in some samples from arizona, california, and texas. fusarium spp., alternaria sp., and a. niger caused internal inf ...	1973	16349975
production of pectolytic enzymes by rhizopus stolonifer sporangiospores after "lethal" gamma irradiation.	irradiated sporangiospores of rhizopus stolonifer excreted pectolytic enzymes, which hydrolyzed pectin and macerated potato tuber discs, into the suspending medium. pectin glycosidase, but not pectin methylesterase, activity developed regardless of the amount of radiation the spores had received, unless the dose exceeded about 1 megarad. the ability to produce pectolytic enzymes was found to be more radiation-resistant than the potential for colony formation or the ability to germinate. spores m ...	1963	16349638
fungi associated with softening of bisulfite-brined cherries.	softening of sound, calcium bisulfite-brined cherries was induced fairly quickly by brining them with cherries rotted by aspergillus niger, cytospora leucostoma, and penicillium expansum, but not with cherries rotted by a variety of other microorganisms, including alternaria sp., aspergillus oryzae, aureobasidium pullulans, botrytis cinerea, cladosporium sp., mucor racemosus, rhizopus stolonifer, and sclerotinia fructicola. rapid softening was correlated with the presence of a bisulfite-stable p ...	1963	16349630
continuous adsorption and recovery of cr(vi) in different types of reactors.	this study reports the results of experiments on continuous adsorption and desorption of cr(vi) ions by a chemically modified and polysulfone-immobilized biomass of the fungus rhizopus nigricans. a fixed quantity of polymer-entrapped biomass beads corresponding to 2 g of dry biomass powder was employed in packed bed, fluidized bed, and stirred tank reactor for monitoring the continuous removal and recovery of cr(vi) ions from aqueous solution and synthetic chrome plating effluent. parameters suc ...	2005	16321053
microbial hydroxylation of pregnenolone derivatives.	pregnenolone and pregnenolone acetate were incubated with the fungi cunninghamella elegans, rhizopus stolonifer and gibberella fujikuroi. incubation of with c. elegans yielded metabolites, 3beta,7beta,11alpha-trihydroxypreg-5-en-20-one, 3beta,6alpha,11alpha,12beta,15beta-pentahydroxypreg-4-en-20-one and 3beta,6beta,11alpha-trihydroxypreg-4-en-20-one, while incubation with g. fujikuroi yielded two known metabolites, 3beta,7beta-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one and 6beta,15beta-dihydroxypreg-4-ene-3,20- ...	2005	16272731
fungi, aflatoxins, fumonisin bl and zearalenone contaminating sorghum-based traditional malt, wort and beer in botswana.	brewing and consumption of traditional beer have social-economic significance in most african countries including botswana. traditional sorghum malt, wort, and beer samples were collected from three villages around gaborone, botswana. forty-six malt samples were analyzed for fungi on three different media and developing colonies were subcultured for identification. rhizopus, fusarium, mucor, and aspergillus were the most common genera isolated. out of the 46 malt samples, 72% contained rhizopus ...	2005	16170615
[in vitro susceptibility of fungal and yeast clinical isolates to itraconazole and voriconazole].	the interest on the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole has recently increased due the availability of the intravenous formulation. in this study, comparative mics of this antifungal with voriconazole were carried out in 62 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi and 100 yeasts isolates using the nccls microbroth methods described in m38-a and m27-a2 documents. a mic90 of 0.125 micrograms per ml was observed for itraconazole and voriconazole against aspergillus fumigatus. higher susceptibilit ...	2005	16107169
in vitro susceptibility of 15 strains of zygomycetes to nine antifungal agents as determined by the nccls m38-a microdilution method.	the in vitro susceptibility of 15 strains of six genera of zygomycetes including rhizopus oryzae (rhizopus arrhizus), rhizopus stolonifer, mucor circinelloides (three), absidia corymbifera (three), rhizomucor pusillus (three), cunninghamella bertholletiae (two), and syncephalastrum racemosum (two) to nine antifungal agents were determined by the nccls m38-a broth microdilution method. geometric means of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) were: amphotericin b 0.07 mg l(-1) (range 0.03-0. ...	2005	15982206
microbial transformation of prednisone.	the microbial transformation of prednisone (17alpha,21-dihydroxy-pregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione) (1) by cunninghamella elegans afforded two metabolites, 17alpha,21-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregn-1-ene-3,11,20-trione (2) and 17alpha,20s,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregn-1-ene-3,11-dione (3), while the fermentation of 1 with fusarium lini, rhizopus stolonifer and curvularia lunata afforded a metabolite 1,4-pregnadiene-17alpha,20s,21-triol-3,11-dione (4). compound 3 was found to be a new metabolite. their struct ...	2005	15938135
environmental mycological study and allergic respiratory disease among tobacco processing workers.	this study presents the results of an investigation of respiratory symptoms, lung function, chest x-ray examinations, analysis of specific ige antibodies and skin prick tests to fungi on 130 tobacco-processing workers and 112 control workers. industrial hygiene survey and environmental mycological studies were also performed. the average dust concentrations ranged from 13.76 to 29.55 mg/m(3) in the tobacco processing workshops. also, the numbers of fungi colonies in the processing environments w ...	2005	15824484
degradation of ochratoxin a and other mycotoxins by rhizopus isolates.	several filamentous fungi representing the genera rhizopus and mucor were examined for their ability to degrade ochratoxin a (ota), aflatoxin b1, zearalenone and patulin in a liquid medium. while none of the isolates exhibited aflatoxin degrading activity, ochratoxin a, zearalenone and patulin were decomposed by several isolates. ochratoxin a was successfully degraded by rhizopus stolonifer, r. microsporus, r. homothallicus and two r. oryzae isolates, and by four unidentified rhizopus isolates. ...	2005	15808366
mycodiversity on a dead stem of the giant hogweed--heracleum mantegazzianum sommer et levier.	during our investigations on microfungi in the ruhr area we were able to find the remarkable mycodiversity of different genera and species on dead stems of heracleum mantegazzianum, a neophyt for the european flora. altemaria alternata (fr.fr.) keissl., camarosporium spec., cladosporium herbarum (pers.) link, colletotrichum dematium (pers. ex fr.) gove, dactylella armandii yadv., dasyscyphus mollissimus (lasch.) dennis, dendryphion comosum wallr., endophragmia hyalosperma (corda) morgan-jones & ...	2004	15756828
[the assessment of the sensitivity of environmental fungi to urea phosphate].	in this paper the authors presented the influence of various urea phosphate doses, 1-12%, on the environmental fungi growth depending on its intensity and the type of created spore e.g. (penicillium italicum, aspergillusfumigatus, aspergillus niger, cladosporium resinae, mucor hiemalis i rhizopus nigricans). the result of urea phosphate effect on fungi was estimated by static culture method using dry mass increase change [g. dry mass/ldm3]. the control was created by the growth of the above ment ...	2004	15732502
[study on the relationship of airborne sensitization fungus and anaphylactic rhinitis in wuhan].	the aim of our studies is to explore the relation between superior sensitizing fungus and anaphylactic rhinitis, for directing the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.	2004	15715402
enzyme-catalyzed rearrangement of a diepoxy-germacrane compound into new 7-epi-eudesmane derivatives.	two new 7-epi-eudesmane derivatives, together with two new germacrane compounds, have been isolated from the microbial-transformation of a (1alpha,10beta),(4beta,5alpha)-diepoxygermacrane using the hydroxylating fungi rhizopus nigricans. the rearranged skeleton and the stereochemistry of the chiral centers have been determined by means of their spectral data, and the absolute configuration has been confirmed by single-crystal x-ray analyses. a possible mechanism based on an enzyme-catalyzed isom ...	2005	15624944
the involvement of camp in the growth inhibition of filamentous fungus rhizopus nigricans by steroids.	several steroids, in particular progesterone, are toxic for the filamentous fungus rhizopus nigricans and, at high concentrations, inhibit its growth. previous studies on this microorganism revealed progesterone specific receptors coupled to g proteins at the plasma membrane. in this study, the next step of steroid signalling in r. nigricans following g protein activation is investigated, together with the possible impact of this pathway on fungal growth inhibition. the intracellular level of ca ...	2005	15621431
rapid identification of microbial vocs from tobacco molds using closed-loop stripping and gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	several microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) that can serve as potential chemical markers for microbial contamination in tobacco have been identified. four different fungal species, aspergillus niger (an), a. ornatus (ao), pencillium chrysogenum (pc) and rhizopus stolonifer (rs), commonly reported in moldy tobacco were cultured and screened for mvocs. because the mvocs emitted by a microbial species are substrate specific, the fungal strains were separately grown on potato dextrose agar ...	2004	15517467
aerobic formation of fumaric acid in the mold rhizopus nigricans, synthesis by direct c2 condensation.		1949	15398809
development of selective media for the isolation and enumeration of alternaria species from soil and plant debris.	a new semi-selective medium, acidified weak potato-dextrose agar (awpda) with mertect (active ingredient: thiabendazole), was developed for the isolation and enumeration of alternaria species from samples of soil and plant debris. the medium was selected based on growth inhibition tests against alternaria and several other commonly encountered saprobic fungi utilizing three antifungal agents, botran (active ingredient: dichloran), bayleton (active ingredient: triadimefon), and mertect, and two b ...	2004	15381969
fumaric acid in apple juice: a potential indicator of microbial spoilage of apples used as raw material.	the effects of heat treatment (evaporation and excessive heating), and microbial contamination (rhizopus stolonifer, penicillium expansum and lactobacillus plantarum) as sources of fumaric acid formation in apple juice concentrates were investigated. fumaric acid formed in apple juice did not exceed 1.0 mg l(-1) during both commercial-scale evaporation and laboratory-scale excessive heat treatment, indicating that malic dehydration is not the primary source of fumaric acid formation. however, r. ...	2004	15370835
specific interactions of steroids, arylhydrocarbons and flavonoids with progesterone receptors from the cytosol of the fungus rhizopus nigricans.	rhizopus nigricans (r. nigricans) transforms fungitoxic progesterone into the less toxic 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone which is then able to exit the mycelia into the surrounding water. hydroxylation of progesterone is an inducible process in which cytosolic progesterone receptors could be involved. in the present study, we characterised receptors with respect to ligand specificity and to their involvement in progesterone induction of hydroxylase. ec(50) values of different ligands (steroids, xeno ...	2004	15336704
genetic variability in the species rhizopus stolonifer, assessed by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.	rhizopus stolonifer is an important post-harvest pathogenic fungus. recent taxonomic findings based on morphological and growth characteristics led to a dramatic reduction in the number of accepted species within the genus. the aim of this study was to examine this situation with molecular markers. twenty-nine r. stolonifer strains isolated from various locations and substrates were characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. the numerical analysis of the rapd data reveale ...	2004	15280652
biotransformation of 3alpha,4alpha-dihydroxy-dihydro-beta-agarofuran by rhizopus nigricans.	3alpha,4alpha-dihydroxy-dihydro-beta-agarofuran (1), prepared from (+)-dihydrocarvone by a traditional synthetic method, the robinson annelation, was biotransformed by r. nigricans to afford a new metabolite characterized as 1alpha,3alpha,4alpha-trihydroxy-dihydro-beta-agarofuran (2) by spectroscopic method. an acetylated derivative was prepared.	2004	15241929
microbial transformations of alpha-santonin.	fungal biotransformations of alpha-santonin (1) were conducted with mucor plumbeus (atcc 4740), cunninghamella bainieri (atcc 9244), cunninghamella echinulata (atcc 9245), curvularia lunata (atcc 12017) and rhizopus stolonifer (atcc 10404). rhizopus stolonifer (atcc 10404) metabolized compound 1 to afford 3,4-epoxy-alpha-santonin (2) and 4,5-dihydro-alpha-santonin (3) while cunninghamella bainieri (atcc 9244), cunninghamella echinulata (atcc 9245) and mucor plumbeus (atcc 4740) were capable of m ...	2004	15241928
improving xanthophyll extraction from marigold flower using cellulolytic enzymes.	in this work is studied the effect of a noncommercial enzyme preparation on xanthophyll extraction from marigold flower (tagetes erecta). the enzymatic extract was synthesized by endogenous microorganisms previously isolated and identified as flavobacterium iib, acinetobacter anitratus, and rhizopus nigricans. the results show that the extraction yield depends directly on the extent of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cell walls in the flower petals and that it is possible to reach yields in excess o ...	2004	15161204
characterisation and expression of a gene encoding a mutarotase from the fungus rhizopus nigricans.	a gene coding for a mutarotase was isolated and characterised from the filamentous fungus rhizopus nigricans. in order to determine the encoded enzyme's activity a recombinant protein was prepared in the baculovirus expression system and the mutarotase activity was determined. expression studies showed that the gene is repressed by high as well as low concentrations of glucose and derepressed during deficiency of glucose. besides the regulation at the level of transcription, an accelerative effe ...	2004	15158268
an optimization study of solid-state fermentation: xanthophylls extraction from marigold flowers.	marigold flowers are the main natural source of xanthophylls, and marigold saponified extract is used as an additive in several food and pharmaceutical industries. in this work, the use of a solid-state fermentation (ensilage) process for increasing the yield of xanthophylls extracted from fermented marigold flowers was examined. the process consisted of a mixed culture of three microorganisms (flavobacterium iib, acinetobacter anitratus, and rhizopus nigricans), part of the normal microbiota as ...	2004	15156296
identification of fungal diseases associated with imported wheat in iranian silos.	in this study, imported wheat varieties used for cookies and bread making were evaluated for the presence of fungal diseases in the silos. grain samples were taken and cultured on nutrient agar medium and sterile papers impregnated with nutrient. the results showed the presence of pathogenic fungi such as ulocladium sp., cladosporium sp., alternaria sp., rhizopus nigricans, penicillium sp. and trichothecium sp. in varieties from australian, mucor sp., r. nigricans, fusarium sp., a. triticum, hel ...	2003	15151286
airborne viable, non-viable, and allergenic fungi in a rural agricultural area of india: a 2-year study at five outdoor sampling stations.	the information on airborne allergenic fungal flora in rural agricultural areas is largely lacking. adequate information is not available to the bioaerosol researchers regarding the choice of single versus multiple sampling stations for the monitoring of both viable and non-viable airborne fungi. there is no long-term study estimating the ratios of viable and non-viable fungi in the air and earlier studies did not focus on the fractions of airborne allergenic fungi with respect to the total airb ...	2004	15142771
survival of spores of rhizopus stolonifer, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea and alternaria alternata after exposure to ethanol solutions at various temperatures.	to quantify and model the toxicity of brief exposures of spores of rhizopus stolonifer, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea and alternaria alternata to heated, aqueous ethanol solutions. these fungi are common postharvest decay pathogens of fresh grapes and other produce. sanitation of produce reduces postharvest losses caused by these and other pathogens.	2004	15139929
molecular characterization of genes encoding cytosolic hsp70s in the zygomycete fungus rhizopus nigricans.	previous studies have shown that some stressors, including steroid hormones 21-oh progesterone and testosterone, stimulate the accumulation of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) population in the zygomycete filamentous fungus rhizopus nigricans. in this study we report the cloning of 3 r nigricans hsp70 genes (rnhsp70-1, rnhsp70-2, and rnhsp70-3) encoding cytosolic hsp70s. with a southern blot experiment under high stringency conditions we did not detect any addition ...	2003	15115284
nuclease rsn from rhizopus stolonifer: specificity and mode of action.	nuclease rsn from rhizopus stolonifer catalyzes the hydrolysis of ss- and dsdna in a ratio of approximately 2:1. time course of 3' and 5' terminal analysis of the hydrolytic products of ss- and dsdna showed that nuclease rsn does not show any strict base preference and cleaves dna in a non-specific manner. moreover, separation of the hydrolytic products of ss- and dsdna in the presence of mg2+, mn2+ or co2+ showed the predominance of tetra-, tri-, and dinucleotides followed by mononucleotides, s ...	2004	15047178
quantitative evaluation of antifungal activity of metallic oxide powders (mgo, cao and zno) by an indirect conductimetric assay.	to evaluate antifungal activities of mgo, cao and zno powders quantitatively by indirect conductimetric assay.	2004	15012819
chemotropism in rhizopus nigricans; the staling reaction.		1952	14938407
isolation and characterisation of resistant-to-fermentation carbohydrate polymers from cultures of rhizopus nigricans grown on agrofood waste materials.	rhizopus nigricans was cultivated in a liquid medium using lemon, mandarin, orange, pear and melon peel or artichoke bracts as the carbon source. in all cultures, a carbohydrate polymer fraction remained resistant to fermentation. these fractions were isolated in gram amounts and characterised. the molecular weight distribution of the fractions and its sugar composition resembles those of the hairy-regions of the pectins. in the fractions, four main carbohydrates were found: 4-7 mol% rha, 42-59 ...	2003	14719820
fungi, aflatoxins, and cyclopiazonic acid associated with peanut retailing in botswana.	peanuts are important food commodities, but they are susceptible to fungal infestation and mycotoxin contamination. raw peanuts were purchased from retail outlets in botswana and examined for fungi and mycotoxin (aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid) contamination. zygomycetes were the most common fungi isolated; they accounted for 41% of all the isolates and were found on 98% of the peanut samples. among the zygomycetes, absidia corymbifera and rhizopus stolonifer were the most common. aspergillus ...	2004	14717358
biotransformation of ent-13-epi-manoyl oxides difunctionalized at c-3 and c-12 by filamentous fungi.	biotransformation of ent-3beta,12alpha-dihydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide with fusarium moniliforme gave the regioselective oxidation of the hydroxyl group at c-3 and the ent-7beta-hydroxylation. the action of gliocladium roseum in the 3,12-diketoderivative originated monohydroxylations at c-1 and c-7, both by the ent-beta face, while rhizopus nigricans produced hydroxylation at c-7 or c-18, epoxidation of the double bond, reduction of the keto group at c-3, and combined actions as biohydroxylation a ...	2004	14697276
mould specific igg antibodies connected with sinusitis in teachers of mould damaged school: a two-year follow-up study.	the aim of this study was to describe the relationship between mould exposure induced by moisture damage and mould specific immunoglobulin g antibodies to 20 common mould species and their association with respiratory diseases.	2003	14587535
microbial transformation of cortisol and prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activity of its transformed products.	incubation of cortisol (1) with gibberella fujikuruoi for 12 days yielded an oxidatively cleaved product, 11beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione (2), while incubation with bacillus subtilis and rhizopus stolonifer yielded the reduced product, 11beta, 17alpha,20,21-tetrahydroxy-(20s)-pregn-4-en-3-one (3). other reduced products, 11beta, 17alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3, 20-dione (4) and 3beta, 11beta, 17alpha, 21-tetrahydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (5) were obtained by incubation of compound ...	2003	14577687
molecular characterization of a ribosome-associated hsp70-homologous gene from rhizopus nigricans.	a ribosome-associated hsp70-homologous gene (rnssb-1) was isolated from the genomic library of the filamentous zygomycete fungus rhizopus nigricans. the nucleotide sequence of a genomic clone encoded the n-terminal part of a protein with high similarity to the yeast ssb ribosome-associated chaperones. the missing 3' end of the gene was obtained by 3' race. the northern blot analysis showed that the rnssb-1 gene is constitutively expressed and is not induced upon heat shock at 37 degrees c. the p ...	2003	14522086
[the notion of apical dominance in rhizopus nigricans ehrenberg].		1961	14462470
an oxygen-dependent postirradiation restoration of rhizopus stolonifer sporangiospores.		1964	14157357
some factors influencing the efficiency of production of acetylmethylcarbinol by rhizopus nigricans.	incubation time had no effect on the efficiency ratio [dry weight-acetylmethylcarbinol (amc)] during the incubation times tested. the mycelium was more efficient in synthetic media at ph 3 and 4 than at ph 5 and 6. mycelium also produced amc more efficiently in apple juice and in synthetic media containing yeast extract or vitamins, especially thiamine. kcl, mgso(4), and kh(2)po(4) had significant suppressing effects on amc production in a synthetic medium.	1964	14131362
control of isocitratase formation in rhizopus nigricans.	wegener, warner s. (university of cincinnati, cincinnati, ohio), and antonio h. romano. control of isocitratase formation in rhizopus nigricans. j. bacteriol. 87:156-161. 1964.-a fumaric acid-producing strain of rhizopus nigricans was found to produce a fair level of isocitratase in a casein hydrolysate medium. glucose repressed enzyme formation. when glucose was utilized during growth, there was a relief of repression, and enzyme synthesis was resumed at a rate equivalent to that found in nonre ...	1964	14102849
zinc stimulation of rna and protein synthesis in rhizopus nigricans.	addition of 1.7 x 10-(5)m zinc sulfate to cultures of rhizopus nigricans increases growth and substrate utilization. analysis of cells during the course of growth, after addition of the metal, showed that there was an immediate increase in rna, followed by a corresponding increase in protein and cell mass. the dna content was affected to a lesser extent. it is postulated that zn(++) stimulates growth through a primary effect on rna synthesis.	1963	14075699
submicroscopic morphology of rhizopus nigricans.		1963	14061859
recovery of gamma irradiated rhizopus stolonifer sporangiospores during autoinhibition of germination.		1963	13978189
ballistic disruption of penicillium chrysogenum cells.	the use of glass beads in a high-speed mixing device to rupture organisms was applied to molds. the use of a mixer in which the propellor shaft enters from the top into a metal mixing chamber made it possible to immerse the whole device in a salt water and ice mixture so that the temperature of the glass-bead slurry could be kept below 5 c without difficulty. mycelia, glass beads, and buffer in a 1:2:3 (w/w) ratio gave above 95% breakage in 15 min with penicillium chrysogenum cells and in 4 min ...	1962	13952345
survey of selected filamentous fungi for voges-proskauer reactions.	of 16 filamentous fungi surveyed for voges-proskauer reactants, 81.2% were found to be positive. the total group fell into three classes: those producing considerable acetylmethylcarbinol (amc), those producing a small amount, and those producing no amc. oidium lactis had a highly significant effect upon lowering the amount of voges-proskauer reactants produced by rhizopus nigricans.	1962	13945071
[biological transformation of 16alpha,17alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone with the aid of the fungus rhizopus nigricans].		1962	13865059
[observations on hydrotropism in rhizopus nigricans].		1959	13766172
continuous microbiological transformation of steroids.	continuous fermentation trials on the bioconversions of pregnadiene to pregnatriene by septomyxa affinis and progesterone to 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by rhizopus nigricans were conducted successfully in an eight-stage pilot plant reactor. the first stage was used as the mycelial growth stage while the steroid solutions were added continuously to stage 2, thus using the remaining stages as conversion vessels. recoveries of 50 to 60% oxidized steroid (based on total steroid supplied) were obtai ...	1961	13740999
the mineral nutrition of rhizopus stolonifer.		1957	13491800
[use of rhizopus nigricans in biological tests; preliminary note].		1952	13121504
evaluation of aqueous moringa seed extract as a seed treatment biofungicide for groundnuts.	in a search for alternatives to currently used fungicides, the potential of aqueous moringa seed extract (amse) as a seed treatment was evaluated. seeds of groundnut, arachis hypogea l cv dakar, were soaked in amse at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g litre(-1) for 24 h. comparison was made with apron plus (metalaxyl+carboxin+furathiocarb), until recently a recommended seed-treatment chemical, and distilled water, which was the medium for extraction of moringa seeds. the results showed tha ...	2003	12974360
improved microbiological hydroxylation of sesquiterpenoids: semisynthesis, structural determination and biotransformation studies of cyclic sulfite eudesmane derivatives.	two new cyclic sulfite eudesmane derivatives have been investigated. their (r) and (s) sulfur configuration and the structural arrangement of their "a" rings have been assigned by means of their 13c and 1h nmr chemical shifts and have been confirmed by single-crystal x-ray analyses. microbial-transformation of these epimer cyclic sulfites and their dihydroxyeudesmane precursor have been studied using the hydroxylating fungus rhizopus nigricans. increased biocatalysis rates and considerable diffe ...	2003	12945703
microbial transformation of ginsenoside rb1 by rhizopus stolonifer and curvularia lunata.	of 49 microbial strains screened for their capabilities to transform ginsenoside rb1, rhizopus stolonifer and curvularia lunata produced four key metabolites: 3-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-20-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-3beta,12beta, 20(s)-trihydroxydammar-24-ene (1), 3-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-20-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-3beta,12beta, 20(s)-trihydroxydammar-24-ol (2), 3-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-3beta, 12beta, 20( ...	2003	12882549
a new fungal lectin recognizing alpha(1-6)-linked fucose in the n-glycan.	in this report, we describe a new lectin from the fungus rhizopus stolonifer that agglutinates rabbit red blood cells. agglutinating activity was detected in the extract of mycelium-forming spores cultured on agar plates but not in the mycelium-forming no spores from liquid medium. this lectin, which we designated r. stolonifer lectin (rsl), was isolated by affinity chromatography with porcine stomach mucin-sepharose. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectral analysis showed that ...	2003	12788923
biological control of monilinia laxa and rhizopus stolonifer in postharvest of stone fruit by pantoea agglomerans eps125 and putative mechanisms of antagonism.	treatment of stone fruits (apricot, peach and nectarine) with pantoea agglomerans strain eps125 decreased the incidence and diameter of lesions of brown rot caused by monilinia laxa and soft rot caused by rhizopus stolonifer. root control was achieved on fruits either wounded and subsequently inoculated with the pathogens or non-wounded and naturally infected from orchards. the efficacy of biocontrol was dependent on the concentration of the biocontrol agent and pathogen. at medium to low pathog ...	2003	12781959
equilibrium unfolding of rnase rs from rhizopus stolonifer: ph dependence of chemical and thermal denaturation.	the conformational stability of rnase rs was determined with chemical and thermal denaturants over the ph range of 1-10. equilibrium unfolding with urea showed that values of d(1/2) (5.7 m) and deltag(h(2)o) (12.8 kcal/mol) were highest at ph 5.0, its pi and the maximum conformational stability of rnase rs was observed near ph 5.0. denaturation with guanidine hydrochloride (gdnhcl), at ph 5.0, gave similar values of deltag(h(2)o) although gdnhcl was 2-fold more potent denaturant with d(1/2) valu ...	2003	12758161
antifungal activity of peppermint and sweet basil essential oils and their major aroma constituents on some plant pathogenic fungi from the vapor phase.	the vapors of peppermint oil and two of its major constituents (menthol and menthone), and sweet basil oil and two of its major constituents (linalool and eugenol), were tested against sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.), rhizopus stolonifer (ehrenb. exfr.) vuill and mucor sp. (fisher) in a closed system. these fungi cause deterioration and heavy decay of peach fruit during marketing, shipping and storage. the essential oils, their major individual aroma constituents and blends of the major individu ...	2003	12744290
microbial transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone.	transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) (1) was carried out by a plant pathogen rhizopus stolonifer, which resulted in the production of seven metabolites. these metabolites were identified as 3beta,17beta-dihydroxyanandrost-5-ene (2), 3beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4ene (3), 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one (4), 3beta,11-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-17-one (5), 3beta,7alpha-dihydroandrost-5-ene-17-one (6), 3a,7alpha,17beta-trihydroxyandrost-5-ene (7) and 11beta-hydroxyandrost-4,6-diene-3,17-d ...	2003	12737407
studies on chromium(vi) adsorption-desorption using immobilized fungal biomass.	the aim of this study was to investigate the cr(vi) biosorption potential of immobilized rhizopus nigricans and to screen a variety of non-toxic desorbing agents, in order to find out possible application in multiple sorption-desorption cycles. the biomass was immobilized by various mechanisms and evaluated for removal of cr(vi) from aqueous solution, mechanical stability to desorbents, and reuse in successive cycles. the finely powdered biomass, entrapped in five different polymeric matrices vi ...	2003	12733570
mixed culture optimization for marigold flower ensilage via experimental design and response surface methodology.	endogenous microorganisms isolated from the marigold flower (tagetes erecta) were studied to understand the events taking place during its ensilage. studies of the cellulase enzymatic activity and the ensilage process were undertaken. in both studies, the use of approximate second-order models and multiple lineal regression, within the context of an experimental mixture design using the response surface methodology as optimization strategy, determined that the microorganisms flavobacterium iib, ...	2003	12670157
fungal flora of human toe webs.	a total of 100 young adults (67 males and 33 females) participated in the study. clinical evaluation showed that only 10 of the volunteers showed some scaling, fissuring and peeling of the toe webs. four of these complained of occasional itching. fourteen different genera of fungi were recovered from 78 of the 100 youths screened. yeasts were recovered from 21 (27%) of the positive cases, nondermatophytes from 38 (49%) and dermatophytes from 19 (24%). microsporum gypseum was the most commonly re ...	2002	12472726
[an immunoregulatory effect of endoglucanase preparations on plant resistance to fungal infections].	effects of enzymatic preparations--pectomacerin, hemicellulase, and trichoderma viride 13/10 cellulase--on the plant immunological status were studied by examples of the pathosystems carrot root-white rot agent (sclerotinia libertiana) and carrot root-black rot agent (rhizopus nigricans). it was demonstrated that these preparations reduced the damage of infections, namely, decreased the permeability of cell membranes in infected tissue and stimulated its defense responses, which manifested itsel ...	2002	12449800
use of bioconversion for the preparation of [4-14c]-labeled 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxylated derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone and epiandrosterone.	the 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxylated derivatives of [4-14c]-dehydroepiandrosterone were prepared with use of the yeast-expressed human cytochrome p4507b1. epiandrosterone (epia), 5 alpha-androstane-3beta,17 beta-diol, and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione were obtained after incubation of [4-14c]-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone with escherichia coli-expressed (3beta,17 beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from pseudomonas testosteroni. the 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxylated derivatives of [4-14c]-epia produ ...	2002	12441198
ethylene insensitivity impairs resistance to soilborne pathogens in tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana.	transgenic ethylene-insensitive tobacco (tetr) plants spontaneously develop symptoms of wilting and stem necrosis when grown in nonautoclaved soil. fusarium oxysporum, f. solani, thielaviopsis basicola, rhizopus stolonifer, and two pythium spp. were isolated from these diseased tetr plants and demonstrated to be causal agents of the disease symptoms. pathogenicity of the two pythium isolates and four additional pythium spp. was tested on ethylene-insensitive tobacco and arabidopsis seedlings. in ...	2002	12437306
catalytic and immunochemical properties of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase from fungus rhizopus nigricans.	flavoprotein nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr, ec 1.6.2.4) from filamentous fungus rhizopus nigricans is a membrane bound enzyme which is involved in the reduction of cytochrome p450 during the hydroxylation of progesterone at 11alpha position. after purification of the enzyme from induced mycelia three forms of fungal cpr were detected on sds-page: a predominant form with an apparent molecular mass of 78kda and two truncated forms. n-terminal sequences of all three forms were determined as ...	2002	12429143
high-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide containing atmospheres inhibit growth of food associated moulds.	the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the growth of three foodborne fungi and high-oxygen modified atmosphere.	2002	12390493
in vitro efficacy of plant volatiles for inhibiting the growth of fruit and vegetable decay microorganisms.	the effects of acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, nerolidol, 2-nonanone, beta-ionone, and ethyl formate vapors on the growth of rhizopus stolonifer, penicillium digitatum, colletotrichum musae, erwinia carotovora, and pseudomonas aeruginosa on agar medium were evaluated. the aldehydes were found to be the strongest growth inhibitors and the most lethal to the fungal spores and mycelia and bacterial cells. the average minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of a ...	2002	12381119
membrane-bound progesterone receptors coupled to g proteins in the fungus rhizopus nigricans.	steroid binding sites with high affinity for progesterone (kd=40+/-14 nm determined by binding, and kd=71+/-22 nm determined by displacement studies) and lower affinity for 21-hydroxyprogesterone and for testosterone, but no affinity for estradiol-17beta, onapristone and alpha-naphthoflavone were detected in the enriched plasma membrane fraction of the fungus rhizopus nigricans. the amount of steroid binding sites is in accordance with the value of b(max)=744+/-151 fmol (mg protein)(-1). in the ...	2002	12127495
gibberellin and auxin-indole production by plant root-fungi and their biosynthesis under salinity-calcium interaction.	rhizosphere and rhizoplane of fababean (vicia faba), melochia (corchorus olitorius), sesame (sesamum indicum) and soyabean (glycine max) plants are inhabited with fungi, mostly aspergillus flavus, a. niger, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium corylophilum, p. cyclopium, p. funiculosum and rhizopus stolonifer. all fungal species have the ability to produce gibberellin (ga) but f. oxysporum was found to produce both ga and indole-acetic acid (iaa). the optimum period for ga and iaa production by f. ox ...	2002	12073817
improvement of candida sake biocontrol activity against post-harvest decay by the addition of ammonium molybdate.	to improve the efficacy of candida sake by adding ammonium molybdate to control post-harvest decay in golden delicious apples.	2002	11972698
studies on enhancement of cr(vi) biosorption by chemically modified biomass of rhizopus nigricans.	this study reports the biosorption of cr(vi) by chemically modified biomass of rhizopus nigricans and the possible mechanism of cr complexation to the adsorbent. the cell wall of this fungus possesses strong complexing property to effectively remove cr(vi) anions from solution and wastewater. the mechanism of cr adsorption by r. nigricans was ascertained by chemical modifications of the dead biomass followed by ftir spectroscopic analysis of the cell wall constituents. treatment of the biosorben ...	2002	11902777
post-harvest biological control by pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) on golden delicious apples.	to investigate the potential of pantoea agglomerans to control the major post-harvest diseases on golden delicious apples.	2002	11849352