Publications

haemodynamics of lambs grazing perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) either infected with ar6 novel, wild-type endophyte, or endophyte-free.	to compare vasoconstriction of the auricular artery and characteristics of blood flow in the carotid arteries between lambs grazing perennial ryegrass that was either infected with the ar6 novel endophyte (ar6), wild-type endophyte or endophyte-free.	2011	21660847
allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, psii photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three c3 perennial species.	in this study, the effect of two allelochemicals, benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) and cinnamic acid (ca), on different physiological and morphological characteristics of 1-month-old c(3) plant species (dactylis glomerata, lolium perenne, and rumex acetosa) was analysed. boa inhibited the shoot length of d. glomerata, l. perenne, and r. acetosa by 49%, 19%, and 19% of the control. the root length of d. glomerata, l. perenne, and r. acetosa growing in the presence of 1.5 mm boa and ca was decreased c ...	2011	21659663
necrotic dermatitis in waterfowl associated with consumption of perennial rye grass (lolium perenne).	mute swans (cygnus olor), whooper swans (cygnus cygnus), and mixed-breed domestic geese (anser anser domesticus) were presented for necrotic lesions on the feet, eyelids, and beak. individuals from the same collection of birds had developed identical lesions during march-september of each of the previous 3 years. vesicular and necrotic dermatitis involved only nonfeathered and nonpigmented areas of the integument. no abnormal clinical signs were seen on either carnivorous species or birds with p ...	2011	21657187
recovery from drought stress in lolium perenne (poaceae): are fungal endophytes detrimental?	perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) is a cool-season, perennial species widely used for forage and turf. it is often infected by a clandestine, endophytic fungus (neotyphodium lolii) that has the potential to affect host growth responses to abiotically stressful conditions. in some species, the grass-endophyte symbiosis is mutualistic, but the relationship is reported to be contingent on environmental conditions and host genotype in l. perenne. the objective of this research was to determine the ...	2004	21652344
host genotype overrides fungal endophyte infection in influencing tiller and spike production of lolium perenne (poaceae) in a common garden experiment.	leaves of many cool-season grasses are infected by endophytic fungi that can impact their populations. a common garden experiment with lolium perenne was established in a lawn in new jersey, usa, to investigate the impact of endophyte infection and host genotype on tiller and spike production over three years. infected (e+) and uninfected (e-) plants of each genotype were monitored every 2-3 mo. infection intensity within plants varied significantly among genotypes and years, but there was no ev ...	2008	21632426
quantum dot transport in soil, plants, and insects.	environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials requires information not only on their toxicity to non-target organisms, but also on their potential exposure pathways. here we report on the transport and fate of quantum dots (qds) in the total environment: from soils, through their uptake into plants, to their passage through insects following ingestion. our qds are nanoparticles with an average particle size of 6.5 nm. breakthrough curves obtained with cdte/mercaptopropionic acid qds applied to ...	2011	21632093
the complete chloroplast genome of tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum; poaceae) and comparison of whole plastomes from the family poaceae.	in this paper, we describe the complete chloroplast genome of lolium arundinaceum. this sequence is the culmination of a long-term project completed by >400 undergraduates who took general genetics at middle tennessee state university from 2004-2007. it was undertaken in an attempt to introduce these students to an open-ended experiential/exploratory lesson to produce and analyze novel data. the data they produced should provide the necessary information for both phylogenetic comparisons and pla ...	2010	21622366
endosymbiosis and population differentiation in wild and cultivated lolium perenne (poaceae).	• premise of the study: endophytic fungi are common inhabitants of cool-season grasses that can affect host growth and reproduction. one prerequisite for the expected coevolution between symbionts is that there exist variable effects of the endosymbiont on its host in different environments. here, the impact of endophytes (neotyphodium lolii) on survival, growth, and reproduction of wild populations of lolium perenne from its native range (italy, morocco, turkey, tunisia) and two united states c ...	2011	21613060
efficacy of lime, biosolids, and mycorrhiza for the phytostabilization of sulfidic copper tailings in chile: a greenhouse experiment.	inadequate abandonment of copper mine tailings under semiarid mediterranean climate type conditions has posed important environmental risks in chile due to wind and rain erosion. there are cost-effective technologies for tailings stabilization such as phytostabilization. however, this technology has not been used in chile yet. this study evaluated in a greenhouse assay the efficacy of biosolids, lime, and a commercial mycorrhiza to improve adverse conditions of oxidized cu mine tailings for adeq ...	2011	21598780
digestible energy content of pasture species in growing european wild boar (sus scrofa l.).	the objectives were to determine the apparent energy digestibility of six pasture species frequently grazed by european wild boar (sus scrofa l.) and to estimate the digestible energy (de) consumption from pasture by grazing wild boar. seven diets were prepared; a base diet (bd) which did not contain any pasture species, diets d1 to d5 which included 75% of the bd and 25% of the dried pasture species lolium perenne (d1), festuca arundinacea (d2), agrostis capillaris (d3), bromus staminius (d4) o ...	2011	21575078
cross-species amplification tests and diversity analysis using 56 pcr markers in dactylis glomerata and lolium perenne.	we report results of cross-species amplification in dactylis glomerata and lolium perenne of 12 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) isolated from lolium multiflorum×festuca glaucescens, 42 ssrs from festuca arundinacea and two sequence tagged sites from oryza sativa. we compared the transferability and diversity between d. glomerata and l. perenne, which are important forage crops. while nei's gene diversity values were equivalent in both species (from 0.14 to 0.92), the mean number of allele per loc ...	2009	21564590
consistency of crown rust evaluation in ryegrass cultivars.	crown rust (puccinia coronata) is the most important leaf disease in forage ryegrasses (lolium spp.). in order to evaluate the stability in space and time of crown rust resistance a multisite rust evaluation trial was established by the european breeders association eucarpia ( fodder crops section). the same seed lots of 33 perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and 18 italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) varieties were sown in april 2001, 2004 and 2007 at 27 european sites. this paper reports the ...	2010	21534471
high levels of a fungal superoxide dismutase and increased concentration of a pr-10 plant protein in associations between the endophytic fungus neotyphodium lolii and ryegrass.	neotyphodium lolii is a fungal endosymbiont of the ryegrass lolium perenne. in functional symbioses, its growth is coordinated with that of the host, and fungal biomass distribution is tightly controlled. how the symbionts communicate is largely unknown, but failure of the endophyte to elicit a defense response is considered crucial for successful symbiosis. in silver-stained 2d gels of protein extracts from functional symbioses a fungal cu/zn superoxide dismutase was detectable, even though the ...	2011	21520999
esi-mass spectrometric and hplc elucidation of a new ergot alkaloid from perennial ryegrass hay silage associated with bovine reproductive problems.	this case report involves four dairies in the willamette valley, oregon, which experienced reproductive problems associated with the presence of a large, previously unidentified, peak eluting at 5 min in a standard ergovaline high-performance liquid chromatography assay of perennial ryegrass silage fed to those animals. mycotoxin analysis of the silage was negative, as was serological screening of the herds for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine diarrhea virus and leptospirosis, including ...	2011	21506724
nitrogen partitioning and isotopic fractionation in dairy cows consuming diets based on a range of contrasting forages.	nine multiparous holstein-friesian cows (initially 97 d in milk), were used in a 3×3 lattice square design experiment with 4-wk periods. all cows received 4 kg/d concentrates and dietary treatments were based on silages offered ad libitum: perennial ryegrass (prg); timothy (tim); tall fescue (tf); red clover (rc); red clover/corn silage mixture [40/60 on a dry matter (dm) basis; rcc]; red clover/whole-crop oat silage mixture (40/60 on a dm basis; rco); or red clover/whole-crop oat silage mixture ...	2011	21426994
effects of a perennial ryegrass diet or total mixed ration diet offered to spring-calving holstein-friesian dairy cows on methane emissions, dry matter intake, and milk production.	the objective of the present study was to compare the enteric methane (ch4) emissions and milk production of spring-calving holstein-friesian cows offered either a grazed perennial ryegrass diet or a total mixed ration (tmr) diet for 10 wk in early lactation. forty-eight spring-calving holstein-friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 nutritional treatments for 10 wk: 1) grass or 2) tmr. the grass group received an allocation of 17 kg of dry matter (dm) of grass per cow per day with ...	2011	21426985
energy efficiency and energy homeostasis as genetic and epigenetic components of plant performance and crop productivity.	the importance of energy metabolism in plant performance and plant productivity is conceptually well recognized. in the eighties, several independent studies in lolium perenne (ryegrass), zea mays (maize), and festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) correlated low respiration rates with high yields. similar reports in the nineties largely confirmed this correlation in solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and cucumis sativus (cucumber). however, selection for reduced respiration does not always result in high ...	2011	21411363
comparative evaluation of laboratory-scale silages using standard glass jar silages or vacuum-packed model silages.	the objective of this study was to compare the fermentation variables of laboratory-scale silages made in glass preserving jars (glass) and vacuum-packed plastic bags (rostock model silages, romos). silages were prepared from perennial ryegrass (fresh and wilted, 151 g kg(-1) and 286 g kg(-1) dry matter (dm), respectively) and remoistened coarsely ground rye grain (650 g kg(-1) dm) either with or without the addition of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant (3+ù10(5) colony forming units (cfu) g(-1) ...	2011	21384351
mapping with rad (restriction-site associated dna) markers to rapidly identify qtl for stem rust resistance in lolium perenne.	a mapping population was created to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to stem rust caused by puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola in lolium perenne. a susceptible and a resistant plant were crossed to produce a pseudo-testcross population of 193 f(1) individuals. markers were produced by the restriction-site associated dna (rad) process, which uses massively parallel and multiplexed sequencing of reduced-representation libraries. additional simple sequence repeat (ssr) and sequ ...	2011	21344184
development and application of an economic ranking index for perennial ryegrass cultivars.	economic values in euros (€) were calculated for traits of economic importance in irish grass-based systems. the economically important traits selected were spring, midseason, and autumn grass dry matter (dm) yield (€/kg of dm per ha), grass quality (€ per unit dm digestibility), first- and second-cut silage dm yield (€/kg per ha), and sward persistency (€/% change in persistency per ha per yr). the economic value for each trait was calculated by changing the trait of interest while keeping all ...	2011	21338830
effect of silage from ryegrass intercropped with winter or common vetch for grazing dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems in mexico.	the objective was to determine the effect of including silages of annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) intercropped with winter vetch (vicia villosa) (arg-vv) or with common vetch (vicia sativa) (arg-vs) compared with maize silage (ms) on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows grazing cultivated perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures with supplemented concentrate during the dry season. six holstein dairy cows with a mean yield of 19.0 kg/cow/day at the beginning of the experiment were r ...	2011	21327716
combined effects between temporal heterogeneity of water supply, nutrient level, and population density on biomass of four broadly distributed herbaceous species.	temporal heterogeneity of water supply affects grassland community productivity and it can interact with nutrient level and intraspecific competition. to understand community responses, the responses of individual species to water heterogeneity must be evaluated while considering the interactions of this heterogeneity with nutrient levels and population density. we compared responses of four herbaceous species grown in monocultures to various combinations of water heterogeneity, nutrient level, ...	2012	21327692
forage as a primary source of mycotoxins in animal diets.	the issue of moulds and, thus, contamination with mycotoxins is very topical, particularly in connexion with forages from grass stands used at the end of the growing season. deoxynivalenol (don), zearalenone (zea), fumonisins (fum) and aflatoxins (afl) are among the most common mycotoxins. the aim of the paper was to determine concentrations of mycotoxins in selected grasses (lolium perenne, festulolium pabulare, festulolium braunii) and their mixtures with festuca rubra an/or poa pratensis duri ...	2010	21318013
effects of feeding rapeseed oil, soybean oil, or linseed oil on stearoyl-coa desaturase expression in the mammary gland of dairy cows.	stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is an important enzyme in the bovine mammary gland, and it introduces a double bond at the δ(9) location of primarily myristoyl-, palmitoyl-, and stearoyl-coa. the main objective of this study was to compare the effects of various fatty acids (fa) typically present in dairy cow rations on the expression of scd1 and scd5 in the mammary gland of dairy cows. twenty-eight holstein-friesian cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments. the dietary treatments ...	2011	21257056
functional immunoglobulin e cross-reactivity between pas n 1 of bahia grass pollen and other group 1 grass pollen allergens.	grass pollens are major triggers of allergic rhinitis and asthma, but the immunological relationships between pollen allergens of the subtropical bahia grass, paspalum notatum, and temperate grasses are unresolved.	2011	21231976
towards a better understanding of the generation of fructan structure diversity in plants: molecular and functional characterization of a sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft) cdna from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne).	the main storage compounds in lolium perenne are fructans with prevailing β(2-6) linkages. a cdna library of l. perenne was screened using poa secunda sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft) as a probe. a full-length lp6-sft clone was isolated as shown by heterologous expression in pichia pastoris. high levels of lp6-sft transcription were found in the growth zone of elongating leaves and in mature leaf sheaths where fructans are synthesized. upon fructan synthesis induction, lp6-sft tran ...	2010	21196473
effect of amendments on phytoavailability and fractionation of copper and zinc in a contaminated soil.	the ability of amendments to modify the soil properties and influence plants to immobilise cu and zn was studied in a naturally contaminated, additionally spiked podzolic soil. lolium perenne l (perennial rye grass), festuca rubra l (creeping red fescue) and poa pratensis l (kentucky blue grass) were tested in a pot study in the presence of soil amendments (lime, phosphate, and compost, individually and in combination) to assess the effect of soil-plant-amendment interaction on phytostabilisatio ...	2010	21166277
expression of a novel chitinase by the fungal endophyte in poa ampla.	many wild and cultivated cool-season grass species are naturally infected with fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichloë. these associations generally are considered mutualistic with the plants benefiting from reduced herbivory and the fungi benefiting from nutrients supplied by the plants. the fungi secrete proteins that might have a role in the interspecies symbiosis. in the interaction between poa ampla merr. and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal chitinase was detected ...	2004	21148875
contrasting genetic structure between magnaporthe grisea populations associated with the golf course turfgrasses lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyugrass).	gray leaf spot (gls) disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and kikuyugrass (pennisetum clandestinum) in golf courses in california was first noted in 2001 and 2003, respectively, and within 5 years had become well established. the causal agent of the disease is the fungus magnaporthe grisea, which is known to consist primarily of clonal lineages that are highly host specific. therefore, our objective was to investigate host specificity and population dynamics among isolates associated p ...	2011	21142782
allelic variation in the perennial ryegrass flowering locus t gene is associated with changes in flowering time across a range of populations.	the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) flowering locus t (ft) gene and its orthologs in other plant species (e.g. rice [oryza sativa] osftl2/hd3a) have an established role in the photoperiodic induction of flowering response. the genomic and phenotypic variations associated with the perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) ortholog of ft, designated lpft3, was assessed in a diverse collection of nine european germplasm populations, which together constituted an association panel of 864 plants. sequen ...	2011	21115808
terrestrial toxicity evaluation of decabromodiphenyl ethane on organisms from three trophic levels.	decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdp-ethane) was evaluated for its potential to effect sewage sludge respiration, soil nitrification, survival and reproduction in eisenia fetida, and seedling emergence and growth in zea mays, lolium perenne, glycine max, allium cepa, lycopersicon esculentum, and cucumis sativa. the no observed effect concentrations (noecs) were identified at the limit concentration level for sewage sludge respiration (>10 mg dbdp-ethane/kg dry soil), >2500 mg/kg dry soil for soil nitr ...	2011	21111479
transcriptional responses of italian ryegrass during interaction with xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis reveal novel candidate genes for bacterial wilt resistance.	xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (xtg) causes bacterial wilt, a severe disease of forage grasses such as italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). in order to gain a more detailed understanding of the genetic control of resistance mechanisms and to provide prerequisites for marker assisted selection, the partial transcriptomes of two italian ryegrass genotypes, one resistant and one susceptible to bacterial wilt were compared at four time points after xtg infection. a cdna microarray devel ...	2010	20976589
plants growing on contaminated and brownfield sites appropriate for use in organisation for economic co-operation and development terrestrial plant growth test.	the organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) terrestrial plant test is often used for the ecological risk assessment of contaminated land. however, its origins in plant protection product testing mean that the species recommended in the oecd guidelines are unlikely to occur on contaminated land. six alternative species were tested on contaminated soils from a former zn smelter and a metal fragmentizer with elevated concentrations of cd, cu, pb, and zn. the response of the al ...	2011	20853450
platanus pollen allergen, pla a 1: quantification in the atmosphere and influence on a sensitizing population.	the allergic response in susceptible patients does not always coincide with the presence and magnitude of airborne pollen counts. the prevalence of allergy to platanus is currently moderate, although the percentage of monosensitized patients is low. this hinders accurate interpretation of the relationship between the amount of pollen inhaled and the patient's symptoms.	2010	20813013
comparison of planted soil infiltration systems for treatment of log yard runoff.	treatment of log yard runoff is required to avoid contamination of receiving watercourses. the research aim was to assess if infiltration of log yard runoff through planted soil systems is successful and if different plant species affect the treatment performance at a field-scale experimental site in sweden (2005 to 2007). contaminated runoff from the log yard of a sawmill was infiltrated through soil planted with alnus glutinosa (l.) gärtner (common alder), salix schwerinii x viminalis (willow ...	2010	20669729
uptake and transformation of soil [14c]-trinitrotoluene by cool-season grasses.	this study investigated the fate and uptake of [(14)c]-tnt from soil into orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) over a one year period in a greenhouse-controlled environment. pots (n = 4 for each grass, containing 10 mg cold tnt/kg soil + 1.2 mg [(14)c]-tnt/kg soil and controls with no tnt) were exposed to light and temperature conditions typical of june at 45 degrees n for 369 days. three plant harvests were made (63, 181, ...	2010	20666491
predicting molybdenum toxicity to higher plants: estimation of toxicity threshold values.	four plant species (oilseed rape, brassica napus l.; red clover, trifolium pratense l.; ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; and tomato, lycopersicon esculentum l.) were tested on ten soils varying widely in soil properties to assess molybdenum (mo) toxicity. a larger range (66-fold-609-fold) of added mo concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of yield (ed50) was found among soils than among plant species (2-fold-38-fold), which illustrated that the soils differed widely in the expression of mo toxic ...	2010	20656390
which allergen extract for grass pollen immunotherapy? an in vitro study.	grass pollen is a major cause of allergy throughout the world. the only treatment targeting the causes and not only the symptoms of allergy is specific immunotherapy (it). a number of controlled trials demonstrated the efficacy of it in grass pollen allergic subjects, most using extracts of multiple grasses but some using extracts of a single grass. the optimal grass extract for it has not yet been established.	2010	20653430
heavy metal concentrations in plants and different harvestable parts: a soil-plant equilibrium model.	a mathematical interaction model, validated by experimental results, was developed to modeling the metal uptake by plants and induced growth decrease, by knowing metal in soils. the model relates the dynamics of the uptake of metals from soil to plants. also, two types of relationships are tested: total and available metal content. the model successfully fitted the experimental data and made it possible to predict the threshold values of total mortality with a satisfactory approach. data are tak ...	2010	20605666
fungal endophytes of native grasses decrease insect herbivore preference and performance.	endophytic fungal symbionts of grasses are well known for their protective benefit of herbivory reduction. however, the majority of studies on endophyte-grass symbioses have been conducted on economically important, agricultural species-particularly tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne)-raising the hypothesis that strong benefits are the product of artificial selection. we examined whether fungal endophytes found in natural populations of native grass species ...	2010	20585809
telomere hypervariability in magnaporthe oryzae.	summary the gray leaf spot disease of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue is caused by the fungus magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph = pyricularia oryzae). a collection of single-copy and repetitive dna markers was used to investigate genetic diversity among 22 isolates of the gray leaf spot pathogen. the single-copy dna markers revealed only three polymorphisms among 95 restriction fragments spanning approximately 0.6% of the genome. in addition, southern hybridization analysis and mating tests reveal ...	2005	20565657
stem rust of small grains and grasses caused by puccinia graminis.	summary stem rust has been a serious disease of wheat, barley, oat and rye, as well as various important grasses including timothy, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. the stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis, is functionally an obligate biotroph. although the fungus can be cultured with difficulty on artificial media, cultures grow slowly and upon subculturing they develop abnormal ploidy levels and lose their ability to infect host plants [bushnell and bosacker (1982) can. j. bot. 60, 1827-1836 ...	2005	20565642
rhinitis is also common in infants with asthma.	the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of rhinitis in asthmatic infants. a cross-sectional study was conducted using clinical data obtained from a standardized allergy work-up form that includes specific questions on common allergic diseases. asthmatic patients were seen at the first visit to the pediatric allergy unit, from january 2001 to january 2006, were selected for analysis. diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was based on the presence of two or more nasal symptoms (sneezing, itchin ...	2010	20548130
magnaporthe oryzae isolates causing gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass possess a functional copy of the avr1-co39 avirulence gene.	summary gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) is a severe foliar disease caused by the ascomycete fungus magnaporthe oryzae (formerly known as magnaporthe grisea). control of gray leaf spot is completely dependent on the use of fungicides because currently available perennial ryegrass cultivars lack genetic resistance to this disease. m. oryzae isolates from perennial ryegrass (prg) were unable to cause disease on rice cultivars co39 and 51583, and instead triggered a hypersensit ...	2006	20507436
toxicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to terrestrial plants in natural soils.	the presence of energetic materials (used as explosives and propellants) at contaminated sites is a growing international issue, particularly with respect to military base closures and demilitarization policies. improved understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of these materials is needed in order to accurately assess the potential exposure risks and impacts on the environment and its ecosystems. we studied the toxicity of the nitroaromatic energetic material 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-dnt) o ...	2010	20471667
bee pollen: a dangerous food for allergic children. identification of responsible allergens.	bee pollen has been proposed as a food supplement, but it can be a dangerous food for people with allergy. we study an allergic reaction after ingestion of bee pollen in a 4-year-old boy who had developed rhinitis in the last spring and autumn.	2010	20447747
a comparison between holstein-friesian and jersey dairy cows and their f(1) hybrid on milk fatty acid composition under grazing conditions.	the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 breeds, holstein and jersey, and their f(1) hybrid (jersey x holstein) on milk fatty acid (fa) concentrations under grazing conditions, especially conjugated linoleic acid (cla) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids because of their importance to human health. eighty-one cows (27 per breed grouping) were allocated a predominantly perennial ryegrass pasture. samples were collected over 2 periods (june and july). breed affected dry matte ...	2010	20412933
clinical significance of cross-reactivity between tobacco and latex.	allergen cross-reactivity between tobacco and other species of solanaceae family (tomato, potato, aubergine and egg plant) have been reported. we have recently studied ige response to tobacco in asthmatic patients sensitised to lolium perenne (perennial rye grass pollen) and have found that 30% of the tobacco responsive patients also have latex sensitisation.	2010	20409631
ice recrystallization inhibition proteins of perennial ryegrass enhance freezing tolerance.	ice recrystallization inhibition (iri) proteins are thought to play an important role in conferring freezing tolerance in plants. two genes encoding iri proteins, lpiri-a and lpiri-b, were isolated from a relatively cold-tolerant perennial ryegrass cv. caddyshack. amino acid alignments among the iri proteins revealed the presence of conserved repetitive iri-domain motifs (nxvxxg/nxvxg) in both proteins. quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis indicated that lpiri-a was up-regul ...	2010	20379831
larval survival of fuller's rose weevil, naupactus cervinus, on common groundcover species in orchards of new zealand kiwifruit.	fuller's rose weevil, naupactus cervinus (boheman) (curculionidae: entiminae), is an important quarantine pest of new zealand kiwifruit exported to asian markets. both adults and larvae are considered to be polyphagous. in this study, the survival of larval n. cervinus was estimated on common groundcover species of kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) in the bay of plenty, the main region in new zealand where kiwifruit is grown. the botanical composition of groundcover in commercial kiwifruit orchards, ch ...	2008	20298112
phytoavailability and fractionation of lead and manganese in a contaminated soil after application of three amendments.	studies were conducted to determine the best management practice for immobilisation of toxic pb and mn in soil and the interaction of these metal contaminants with the associated plants. the research protocol comprises addition of soil amendments to accelerate physico-chemically driven sorption processes and growth of appropriate plant species to reduce physiologically driven uptake of pb and mn. lolium perenne l (perennial rye grass), festuca rubra l (creeping red fescue) and poa pratensis l (k ...	2010	20219365
the appreciation of mineral element accumulation level in some herbaceous plants species by icp-aes method.	from the metallurgic industry zone of dambovita county, we harvested and analyzed seven herbaceous plants species (lolium perenne, festuca pratensis, stipa capillata, agrostis alba, cynodon dactylon, luzula campestris, and agrostis tenuis) to establish the heavy metal accumulation levels in these species.	2010	20165925
effect of flow parameters of rumen digesta on effective degradability and microbial yield in sheep.	the aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of rumen digesta flow parameters on effective degradability (edg) and microbial nitrogen (mbn) yield in sheep fed diets of identical provision of both metabolizable energy and rumen degradable nitrogen (rdn). ruminal degradation parameters of early-harvested perennial ryegrass hay (eh), late-harvested perennial ryegrasses hay (lh) and winter sown barley straw (bs) were determined by a nylon bag technique. subsequently, three experimental diets ...	2009	20163598
ecotoxicological study on sediments of mai po marshes, hong kong using organisms and biomarkers.	sediments from mai po ramsar site, hong kong were in general shown to be highly toxic based on the results of four toxicity tests (microtox solid-phase test, daphnia mortality test, algal [microcystis aeruginosa] growth inhibition test and ryegrass [lolium perenne] seed germination/root elongation test). sediment of the mudflat (which is open to deep bay, i.e., the pollution source) was the most toxic while sediment of gei wai 24g (an enclosed freshwater pond) was the least toxic. results of bio ...	2010	20153057
sensitization to inhaled ryegrass pollen by collateral priming in a murine model of allergic respiratory disease.	mouse models of asthma suffer from the necessity to prime the animals by injections before respiratory exposure. our aim was to develop a mouse model that mimics the progression of human allergic disease upon low-dose inhaled allergen exposure.	2010	20150741
conservation characteristics of wilted perennial ryegrass silage made using biological or chemical additives.	the effects of 7 additive treatments on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of wilted grass silage were studied under laboratory conditions. treatments included no additive applied (untreated control), ammonium tetraformate at 3 and 6 l/t, homofermentative lactic acid bacteria alone ((ho)lab), a mixture of lactobacillus buchneri plus homofermentative lactic acid bacteria ((he+ho)lab), and an antimicrobial mixture of sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, sodium nitrite, and hexam ...	2010	20105535
identification of abc transporters from lolium perenne l. that are regulated by toxic levels of selenium.	selenium is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans, but can be toxic at higher levels. manipulation of se metabolism in plants may enable plants to be tailored to enhance se content for human and animal consumption and to decontaminate se polluted soils. here, we generated subtracted cdna libraries from perennial ryegrass roots and leaves, enriched for genes which expression is enhanced under toxic levels of selenium. the libraries were sequenced using next generation sequencing techn ...	2010	20063009
bioassay and use in irrigation of untreated and treated wastewaters from phosphate fertilizer industry.	wastewater from phosphate fertilizer industry that contains essentially a significant amount of both fluoride and phosphate was treated by separative precipitation of fluoride ions with hydrated lime. thus, a phosphate-rich effluent with low content of fluoride was obtained. the microtoxicity of the treated wastewater was then monitored by lumistox and its phytotoxicity was investigated on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), ryegrass (lolium perenne), a ...	2010	20061024
selecting tolerant grass seedlings and analyzing the possibility for using aged refuse as sward soil.	in order to test the possibility for recycling use of aged refuse as sward soil, the study determined the responses of lolium perenne l. (perennial ryegrass), festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), and poa annua (annual bluegrass) to its leaching. the growth of three seedlings was significantly inhibited after treatment, especially for longer treatment duration and higher concentration leaching; however, with the better growth and chlorophyll content for shorter time and lower concentration, tall fe ...	2010	20036424
effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (cichorium intybus) on parasitism and performance of lambs.	forty-eight 4- to 5-yr-old blackface x bluefaced leicester (mule) ewes and their 24-d-old twin lambs were used to assess the effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (cichorium intybus) on performance and parasitism. the experiment consisted of 2 grazing periods: safe pasture period and experimental pasture period. during an adaptation period of 66 d, ewes were infected through oral dosing with teladorsagia circumcincta infective larvae (3 d per wk) and were supple ...	2010	20023143
characterization of allergenic epitopes of ory s1 protein from oryza sativa and its homologs.	vaccination is the most effective technique suggested now days for allergy treatment. recombinant-based approaches are mostly focused on genetic modification of allergens to produce molecules with reduced allergenic activity and conserved antigenicity. the molecules developed for vaccination in allergy possess significantly reduced allergenicity in terms of ige binding, and therefore will not lead to anaphylactic reactions upon injection. this approach is probably feasible with every peptide all ...	2009	20011147
phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil in temperate humid regions of british columbia, canada.	the suitability of five plant species was studied for phytoextraction and phytostabilisation in a region with temperate maritime climate of coastal british columbia, canada. pot experiments were conducted using lolium perenne l (perennial rye grass), festuca rubra l (creeping red fescue), helianthus annuus l (sunflower), poa pratensis l (kentucky bluegrass) and brassica napus l (rape) in soils treated with three different metal (cu, pb, mn, and zn) concentrations. the bio-metric characters of pl ...	2009	19810356
evaluation of molecular basis of cross reactivity between rye and bermuda grass pollen allergens.	allergenic cross reactivity between the members of the pooids (lolium perenne, phleum pratense, and poa pratensis) and chloridoids (cynodon dactylon and paspalum notatum) is well established. studies using crude extracts in the past have demonstrated limited cross reactivity between the pooids and the chloridoids suggesting separate diagnosis and therapy. however, little is known regarding the molecular basis for the limited cross reactivity observed between the 2 groups of grasses. the present ...	2009	19776679
demonstration of pathotype specificity in stem rust of perennial ryegrass.	rust diseases cause significant damage in forage and seed crops of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), which is highly heterozygous and heterogeneous and thus presents difficulty in genetic analysis. there has been no definitive demonstration of the existence of pathotypes for stem rust or other rusts of perennial ryegrass, although experiments with crown rust (puccinia coronata) of this host are strongly suggestive of pathotype specificity. we made single-pustule isolates of p. graminis subsp. ...	2009	19740032
fungal endophyte production of reactive oxygen species is critical for maintaining the mutualistic symbiotic interaction between epichloë festucae and perennial ryegrass.	key requirements for microbes to initiate and establish mutualistic symbiotic interactions with plants are evasion of potential host defense responses and strict control of microbial growth. we have recently shown that reactive oxygen species (ros) produced by a specific fungal nadph oxidase isoform noxa, have a critical role in regulating hyphal growth in the mutualistic interaction between epichloë festucae and perennial ryegrass. regulation of ros production in the symbiosis requires two addi ...	2007	19704747
plant-endophyte-herbivore interactions: more than just alkaloids?	a recent paper by rasmussen et al., (new phytol 2007; 173:787-97) describes the interactions between lolium perenne cultivars with contrasting carbohydrate content and the symbiotic fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii at different levels of nitrogen supply. in a subsequent study undertaken by rasmussen et al., (plant physiol 2008; 146:1440-53) 66 metabolic variables were analysed in the same material, revealing widespread effects of endophyte infection, n supply and cultivar carbohydrate content ...	2008	19704424
evaluation of the efficiency of a phytostabilization process with biological indicators of soil health.	a phytostabilization process that combined the addition of a synthetic (calcinit + urea + pk14% + calcium carbonate) or organic (cow slurry) amendment with lolium perenne l. growth was used to remediate a mine soil moderately contaminated with zn, pb, and cd. the reduced toxicity caused by both amendments allowed the establishment of a healthy l. perenne vegetation cover that had a positive influence on soil properties, increasing the biomass, activity, and functional diversity of the soil micro ...	2009	19704147
restricting time at pasture: effects on dairy cow herbage intake, foraging behavior, hunger-related hormones, and metabolite concentration during the first grazing session.	this study investigated the effect of restricting grazing time on circulating concentrations of ghrelin, nonesterified fatty acids (nefa), and glucose before, and foraging behavior of dairy cows during, the first grazing session of the day (gs, 0800-1200 h). forty-eight holstein-friesian cows (470 +/- 47 kg of bw; 35 +/- 9 d in milk) were strip-grazed on a perennial ryegrass pasture for either 4 h after each milking (2 x 4), 8 h between milkings (1 x 8), or the 24-h period excluding milking time ...	2009	19700720
effect of supplementation of grazing dairy ewes with a cereal concentrate on animal performance and milk fatty acid profile.	this work was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing grazing ewes on pasture with a cereal concentrate on the milk fatty acid (fa) profile. ninety assaf ewes in mid lactation were distributed in 9 lots of 10 animals each and allocated to 3 feeding regimens: 1) pasture--ewes were only allowed to graze pasture (an irrigated sward of lolium perenne, trifolium pratense, and dactylis glomerata); 2) ps--grazing ewes were supplemented with oat grain (700 g/animal and day); and 3) tmr--ewe ...	2009	19620680
rumen protozoa are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids due to the ingestion of chloroplasts.	within this study, we investigated whether the polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa)-rich nature of rumen protozoa is a consequence of ingestion of pufa-rich chloroplasts. four hereford x friesian steers were offered hay [low 18:3 (n-3) and low chlorophyll concentration] followed by freshly cut perennial ryegrass [high 18:3 (n-3) and high chlorophyll concentration] for 16 days. on the 14th and 16th days, rumen protozoa as well as attached and planktonic bacteria were fractionated 1 h before (-1 h), ...	2009	19583786
allergenicity and cross-reactivity of pine pollen.	pine pollen has long been considered a non-allergenic pollen. the large size of the grain and its low levels of proteins are the main reasons invoked to explain this low allergenicity. the aim of this study was to describe the main allergenic bands of pinus radiata (pr) and its cross-reactivity with other pine species, other conifers and grass pollen.	2009	19573163
a novel nanoparticulate adjuvant for immunotherapy with lolium perenne.	specific immunotherapy implies certain drawbacks which could be minimized by the use of appropriate adjuvants, capable of amplifying the right immune response with minimal side effects. in this context, previous studies of our group have demonstrated the adjuvant capacity of gantrez an nanoparticles, which can effectively enhance the immune response. in this work, two types of nanoparticles (with and without lps of brucella ovis as immunomodulator) with encapsulated lolium perenne extract are te ...	2009	19545572
host preference of the chinch bug, blissus occiduus.	the chinch bug, blissus occiduus barber (hemiptera: blissidae), is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nutall) engelmann and potentially other turfgrass, crop, and non-crop hosts. choice studies documented the number of b. occiduus present on selected turfgrasses, crops and weeds, and provided important insights into the host preferences of this chinch bug. grasses with the most chinch bugs present included the warm-season turfgrasses b. dactyloides , zoysiagrass, zoysia japo ...	2006	19537992
restricting daily time at pasture at low and high pasture allowance: effects on pasture intake and behavioral adaptation of lactating dairy cows.	in pasture-based dairy systems, daily time at pasture is restricted during several periods of the year. the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of restricting time at pasture on milk yield, pasture dry matter (dm) intake, and grazing behavior of dairy cows according to pasture allowance (pa), which partly defines pasture availability. the experiment was carried out in spring on strip-grazed perennial ryegrass pastures. the 6 treatments consisted of 3 durations of daily time at past ...	2009	19528610
earthworm and belowground competition effects on plant productivity in a plant diversity gradient.	diversity is one major factor driving plant productivity in temperate grasslands. although decomposers like earthworms are known to affect plant productivity, interacting effects of plant diversity and earthworms on plant productivity have been neglected in field studies. we investigated in the field the effects of earthworms on plant productivity, their interaction with plant species and functional group richness, and their effects on belowground plant competition. in the framework of the jena ...	2009	19526252
activation of sucrose transport in defoliated lolium perenne l.: an example of apoplastic phloem loading plasticity.	the pathway of carbon phloem loading was examined in leaf tissues of the forage grass lolium perenne. the effect of defoliation (leaf blade removal) on sucrose transport capacity was assessed in leaf sheaths as the major carbon source for regrowth. the pathway of carbon transport was assessed via a combination of electron microscopy, plasmolysis experiments and plasma membrane vesicles (pmvs) purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning from the microsomal fraction. results support an apoplastic p ...	2009	19520670
field assessment of a model for fungicide effects on intraplant spread of stem rust in perennial ryegrass seed crops.	intraplant spread of stem rust (puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) in perennial ryegrass during tiller extension is a major determinant of epidemic severity and is dominated by stem extension dynamics. simple equations for extension of inflorescence and internodes are presented and parameterized. these equations are combined with previously published equations for pathogen latent period and for postinfection efficacy of fungicides to produce a model for effects of fungicide type and timing on ...	2009	19453228
increasing amounts of crushed wheat fed with pasture hay reduced dietary fiber digestibility in lactating dairy cows.	sixteen cows in mid-lactation (milk yield of 23.8 +/- 2.3 kg/d) were individually fed diets consisting of chopped perennial ryegrass hay, offered at 3 kg of dry matter (dm)/100 kg of body weight (bw), fed either alone or supplemented with amounts of crushed wheat ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 kg of dm/100 kg of bw (increasing at nominal intervals of 0.4 kg of dm/100 kg of bw; 5 nominal treatments in total). three cows were allocated to each treatment except the mid-range wheat treatment, which had 4 c ...	2009	19448009
distribution, biology and pathology of anguina pacificae.	anguina pacificae is distributed along a narrow strip on the pacific coast of northern california where it forms galls on the shoots of poa annua and causes significant damage to golf course greens. methods were developed for the continuous propagation of a. pacificae on p. annua in growth chambers, and they were used to examine the life cycle and host-parasite relationships of the nematode. at a mean temperature of 20 degrees c (22 degrees c day/18 degrees c night) the life cycle was completed ...	2008	19440264
comparison of sensitivity of grasses (lolium perenne l. and festuca rubra l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) exposed to water contaminated with microcystins.	the effects of aqueous extracts from microcysts aeruginosa strains (both microcystin-producers and non-microcystin producers) on germination and root growth were investigated for three economically important plant species: festuca rubra l., lolium perenne l., and lactuca sativa l. there was a clear inhibition of root growth for l. sativa exposed to strains containing microcystins (5.9-56.4 microg l(-1)). the strain that produced the most pronounced effects contained the lowest concentration of m ...	2009	19436926
assessment of very long-chain fatty acids as complementary or alternative natural fecal markers to n-alkanes for estimating diet composition of goats feeding on mixed diets.	this study aimed to assess the use of very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfa) as an alternative or a complement to n-alkane markers for estimation of diet composition of goats fed 7 different diets, composed of different proportions of herbaceous (lolium perenne and trifolium repens) and heathland woody species (erica umbellata, erica cinerea, calluna vulgaris, erica arborea, and ulex gallii), in a metabolism study. diet composition was estimated from vlcfa (i.e., c(22) to c(34)) and alkane (i.e., c ...	2009	19395523
two sides of a leaf blade: blumeria graminis needs chemical cues in cuticular waxes of lolium perenne for germination and differentiation.	plant surface characteristics were repeatedly shown to play a pivotal role in plant-pathogen interactions. the abaxial leaf surface of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) is extremely glossy and wettable compared to the glaucous and more hydrophobic adaxial surface. earlier investigations have demonstrated that the abaxial leaf surface was rarely infected by powdery mildew (blumeria graminis), even when the adaxial surface was densely colonized. this led to the assumption that components of the ...	2009	19352695
mathematical modeling of allelopathy. iii. a model for curve-fitting allelochemical dose responses.	bioassay techniques are often used to study the effects of allelochemicals on plant processes, and it is generally observed that the processes are stimulated at low allelochemical concentrations and inhibited as the concentrations increase. a simple empirical model is presented to analyze this type of response. the stimulation-inhibition properties of allelochemical-dose responses can be described by the parameters in the model. the indices, p% reductions, are calculated to assess the allelochem ...	2003	19330111
description of trilineellus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. (tylenchorhynchinae: tylenchida thorne, 1949) with a key to species and observations on tylenchorhynchus sensu stricto.	trilineeilus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. is described and illustrated. it was found as an associate of corn (zea mays) in stockton, georgia, usa, and is related to a group of tylenchorhynchus sensu lato species having three lines in nonareolated lateral fields. this new species is closely related to tylenehorhynehus divittatus siddiqi 1961, t. sculptus seinhorst 1963, and t. triglyphus seinhorst 1963 (syn. t. chonai sethi & swarup 1968) tarjan 1973. it differs from these species primarily by having ...	1981	19300734
effects of temperature on rate of feeding of the plant parasitic nematodes rotylenchus robustus, xiphinema diversicaudatum, and hemicycliophora conida.	rotylenchus robustus, xiphinema diversicaudatum, and hemicycgiophora conida were observed feeding over a range of temperatures on perennial rye-grass (lolium perenne) seedlings grown on agar plates. r. robustus fed between 0.5 and 42.5 c, x. diversicaudatum between 5.0 and 37.0 c and h. conida between 5.0 and 34.0 c. between 10 and 25 c there was a direct relationship between temperature and rate of esophageal bulb contractions. above 25 c the number of esophageal contractions/min did not increa ...	1980	19300695
studies on the host range, biology, and pathogenicity of punctodera punctata infecting turfgrasses.	punctodera punctata completed its life cycle on poa annua (annual bluegrass), p. pratensis (merion kentucky bluegrass), lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), and festuca rubra rubra (spreading fescue). minimum time for completion of a life cycle from second-stage juvenile to mature brown cyst was 40 days at 22-28 c. inoculation by single juveniles indicated that reproduction was most likely by amphimixis. infestation levels of 50 or 500 juveniles/250 cm(3) soil did not affect top dry weight, root ...	1985	19294077
host status of different bermudagrasses (cynodon spp.) for the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus.	thirty-seven warm-season bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) accessions, two cool-season grasses (lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea), 'transvala' digitgrass (digitaria decumbens), and sorghum bicolor were evaluated to determine host suitability and susceptibility to the sting nematode, b. longicaudatus, in a 140-day microcell bioassay. all seven of the evaluated commercial cultivars of cynodon were suitable hosts for b. longicaudatus but varied in their tolerance to the nematode. 'midiron,' 'tifdwa ...	1992	19283057
populations of criconemella xenoplax on peach interplanted with certain herbaceous plants.	peach trees growing in field microplots infested with criconemella xenoplax were interplanted with centipedegrass, goosegrass, sicklepod, marigold, buckhorn plantain, showy crotalaria, or perennial ryegrass, or left with weed-free soil as the control. buckhorn plantain reduced nematode numbers, but not to levels acceptable for commercial control. marigold, sicklepod, and goosegrass reduced nematode numbers on some sampling dates but not on others. other plants had no effect or appeared to stimul ...	1992	19283046
screening for soil streptomycetes from north jordan that can produce herbicidal compounds.	a total of 231 different soil streptomyces isolates were recovered from 16 different locations in north jordan. they were assessed for their phytotoxic activity on seeds of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) placed adjacent to a 2 cm wide streptomyces culture strips grown at 28c degrees for 3 weeks on starch casein nitrate (scn) agar. phytotoxicity was ascertained on the basis of suppressed seed germination, discoloration of the root tip, reduced root and the shoot gr ...	2008	19275043
feeding on different host plants alters the natural abundances of delta (1)(3)c and delta (1)n in longidoridae (nemata).	natural abundances of the stable isotope pairs (1)(3)c/(1)(2)c (delta (1)(3)c) and (1)n/(1)n (delta (1)n) have been used previously to study food sources and trophic relationships in soil invertebrates. in this study, delta (1)(3)c and delta (1)n were measured in five species of longidoridae to investigate the effect of transferring nematodes from one plant host to another. longidorus elongatus, paralongidorus maximus, xiphinema diversicaudatum, x. index, and x. vuittenezi were cultured initiall ...	1999	19270871
phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil.	the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ...	2008	19260228
assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and grass silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows.	twenty-four multiparous holstein-friesian dairy cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square changeover design experiment to test the effects of changing from ryegrass (lolium perenne) silage to red clover (trifolium pratense) silage in graded proportions on feed intakes, milk production, milk organoleptic qualities, and whole-body nitrogen partitioning. four dietary treatments, comprising ad libitum access to 1 of 4 forage mixtures plus a standard allowance of 4 kg/d dairy concentrates, we ...	2009	19233807
interception of spray drift by border structures. part 2: field experiments.	this research studied the effect of drift-intercepting structures surrounding the field borders, like artificial screens and natural hedges, which are not yet a part of the drift mitigation measures for field crop sprayers in belgium. drift-interception experiments were performed in a grassland (lolium perenne) with various interception structures: artificial screens with heights of 1, 1.5 and 2 m and screen open areas of 16, 36 and 63% and a row of fagus sylvatica trees with a height of 1.5 m a ...	2008	19226820
mercury contamination in the vicinity of a chlor-alkali plant and potential risks to local population.	a mercury-cell chlor-alkali plant operated in estarreja (north-western portugal) for 50 years causing widespread environmental contamination. although production by this process ceased in 2002, mercury contamination from the plant remains significant. the main objective of this study was to investigate mercury impact on the nearby environment and potential risks to local population. to assess the level of contamination soil samples were collected from agricultural fields in the vicinity of the p ...	2009	19211131
identification of the ice-binding face of a plant antifreeze protein.	the antifreeze protein of lolium perenne, a perennial ryegrass, was previously modeled as a beta-roll with two extensive flat beta-sheets on opposite sides of the molecule. here we have validated the model with a series of nine site-directed steric mutations in which outward-pointing short side-chain residues were replaced by tyrosine. none of these disrupted the fold. mutations on one of the beta-sheets and on the sides of the protein retained 70% or greater activity. three mutations that clust ...	2009	19185572
indole-diterpene biosynthetic capability of epichloë endophytes as predicted by ltm gene analysis.	bioprotective alkaloids produced by epichloë and closely related asexual neotyphodium fungal endophytes protect their grass hosts from insect and mammalian herbivory. one class of these compounds, known for antimammalian toxicity, is the indole-diterpenes. the ltm locus of neotyphodium lolii (lp19) and epichloë festuce (fl1), required for the biosynthesis of the indole-diterpene lolitrem, consists of 10 ltm genes. we have used pcr and southern analysis to screen a broad taxonomic range of 44 end ...	2009	19181837
biodiversity effects on yield and unsown species invasion in a temperate forage ecosystem.	current agricultural practices are based on growing monocultures or binary mixtures over large areas, with a resultant impoverishing effect on biodiversity at several trophic levels. the effects of increasing the biodiversity of a sward mixture on dry matter yield and unsown species invasion were studied.	2009	19168861
influence of nitrogen fertilizer and endophyte infection on ecophysiological parameters and mineral element content of perennial ryegrass.	an experiment was designed to determine the effect of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii on the growth, physiological parameters and mineral element content of perennial ryegrass (lolium perennel l.), when growing at two n supply levels. endophyte infection had a significant positive effect on both shoot and root growth of ryegrass, but this difference was only significant in the high n supply treatment. at high n supply, endophyte-infected (ei) plants accumulated more soluble sugar in the ...	2009	19166497
degradation of fuel oil in salt marsh soils affected by the prestige oil spill.	we assessed natural degradation of fuel oil in three marshes from galicia (spain) affected by the prestige oil spill (baldaio, barizo, and muxía). soil samples collected from polluted and unpolluted areas on four different dates were used to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon content and fuel-oil components. natural degradation was monitored by analysing changes in the proportion of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatics, asphaltenes and resins in the soils, and also by evaluating the degree of de ...	2009	19157704
carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) from soil to plants.	within the scope of a joint project to study soil-to-plant carryover of polyfluorinated compounds (pfcs), five cultivated plants (spring wheat, oats, potatoes, maize, and perennial ryegrass) were sown or planted in mitscherlich pots. six variants per species were used, each with a different concentration level of pfoa and pfos (from 0.25 to 50 mg/kg as aqueous solution) to detect possible concentration dependence in the transfer of these two pfcs from soil to plant. pfoa and pfos were detected b ...	2009	19112561