Publications

cocksfoot mottle virus p1 suppresses rna silencing in nicotiana benthamiana and nicotiana tabacum.	the sobemovirus genome consists of positive sense, single-stranded polycistronic rna. the 5'-terminal orf, encoding the protein p1, is its most variable region. sobemoviral p1 has been described as dispensable for replication but indispensable for systemic infection. the p1 of rice yellow mottle virus-nigerian isolate (rymv-n) is the only rna silencing suppressor reported for sobemoviruses until now. using an agrobacterium-mediated transient assay, we demonstrate here that p1 of cocksfoot mottle ...	2007	16971015
[genetic diversity of dactylis glomerata germplasm resources detected by inter-simple sequence repeats (issrs) molecular markers].	inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) molecular markers were used to detect the genetic diversity among 50 materials of dactylis glomerata collected from china and other countries. twelve primers produced 101 polymorphic bands, averaged 8.41 bands each primer pair. the average percentage of polymorpgic bands was 86.3.8%, and the range of gs (define) was 0.6116-0.9290, indicating a rich genetic diversity of d. glomerata. based on the cluster and principal component analyses on the genetic character ...	2006	16963418
seed germination in response to chemicals: effect of nitrogen and ph in the media.	seed germination generally presents a peak in the next growing season after a fire. among other factors associated with fire are the increase of soil nitrogen and changes in the ph of the soil. in this study, we addressed the question, whether or not the germination response of eight species is linked with the increase in ph and nitrogenous compounds in the germination media? we assessed the separate and combined effects of nitrogenous compounds and ph on the percentage and rate of germination o ...	2006	16850869
role of rainfall intensity and hydrology in nutrient transport via surface runoff.	loss of soil nutrients in runoff accelerates eutrophication of surface waters. this study evaluated p and n in surface runoff in relation to rainfall intensity and hydrology for two soils along a single hillslope. experiments were initiated on 1- by 2-m plots at foot-slope (6%) and mid-slope (30%) positions within an alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) field. rain simulations (2.9 and 7.0 cm h(-1)) were conducted under wet (spring) and dry (late-summer) conditions. ...	2013	16825444
[aflp analysis on genetic diversity of wild dactylis glomerata l. germplasm resources].	thirty-seven accessions of wild dactylis glomerata l. were used in assessment of genetic diversity by means of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp). nine primer pairs were selected from 64 preparations and then used to analyze the plant materials. a total of 400 dna fragments were amplified, among which 336 (84.0%) were polymorphic. genetic distance, from 0.0692-0.4214 among accessions, was calculated by the ntsys-pc software. a dendrogram was constructed using upgma based on genetic di ...	2006	16825173
fractional and structural characterization of hemicelluloses from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and cocksfoot grass (dactylis glomerata).	sequential three-stage treatments with 80% etoh containing 0.2% naoh, 2.5% h2o2-0.2% edta containing 1.5% naoh and 2.5% h2o2-0.2% taed containing 1.0% naoh at 75 degrees c for 3h released 8.0% and 10.4%, 79.1% and 77.0% and 12.9% and 12.5% of the original hemicelluloses from perennial grass and cocksfoot grass, respectively. it was found that the four alkaline peroxide-soluble hemicellulosic fractions contained higher amounts of xylose (33.4-38.2%), uronic acids (9.3-15.3%) and rhamnose (3.0-3.9 ...	2006	16750181
the composition of forage crops: cocksfoot. changes in the herbage during growth, with and without additions of nitrogenous fertilizer.		1939	16747022
the isolation of carotene and sterols from the unsaponifiable matter of cocksfoot.		1936	16746034
the phosphatides of forage grasses: cocksfoot.		1932	16744943
the glyceride fatty acids of forage grasses: cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass.		1932	16744806
the wax constituents of forage grasses: cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass.		1931	16744781
the pigments of butterflies' wings: occurrence of the pigment of melanargia galatea in dactylis glomerata.		1926	16743736
p1 protein of cocksfoot mottle virus is indispensable for the systemic spread of the virus.	cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus (cfmv) encodes a non-conserved protein p1 from the 5' orf1 of genomic rna. the functions of cfmv p1 are unknown. in the current study we show that p1-deficient cfmv can replicate both in oat leaves and barley suspension culture cells but can not infect oat plants systemically. however, the absence of p1 reduces the efficiency of virus accumulation considerably. the infectivity of the mutant virus restores as a result of the spontaneous transversion. cfmv p1:egfp show ...	2006	16732485
changes in terpene content in milk from pasture-fed cows.	changes of terpene content in milk from cows grazing natural diversified upland pasture were examined in this observational trial. a homogeneous plot divided into 2 subplots was used from may 31 to july 1, 2003 (first growth) and again from october 1 to october 7, 2003 (vegetative regrowth). each subplot was grazed by 6 dairy cows in 2 ways: strip grazing (sg), with new allocations of pasture strips at 2-d intervals, and paddock grazing (pg). the pg subplot was divided into 3 paddocks and the co ...	2006	16702298
effects of management regime and plant species on the enzyme activity and genetic structure of n-fixing, denitrifying and nitrifying bacterial communities in grassland soils.	management by combined grazing and mowing events is commonly used in grasslands, which influences the activity and composition of soil bacterial communities. whether observed effects are mediated by management-induced disturbances, or indirectly by changes in the identity of major plant species, is still unknown. to address this issue, we quantified substrate-induced respiration (sir), and the nitrification, denitrification and free-living n(2)-fixation enzyme activities below grass tufts of thr ...	2006	16689721
detection of kestoses and kestose-related oligosaccharides in extracts of festuca arundinacea, dactylis glomerata l., and asparagus officinalis l. root cultures and invertase by c and h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	a previous study (kl forsythe, ms feather [1989] carbohydr res 185: 315-319) showed that (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to detect and identify mixtures of 1-kestose and neokestose after conversion to the acetate derivatives. in this study, unequivocal assignments are made for the anomeric carbon and proton signals for the above two trisaccharide acetates as well as for 6-kestose hendecaacetate and for nystose tetradecaacetate (a 1-kestose-derived tetrasaccharide). a nu ...	1990	16667365
inhibition of somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass by endogenous cytokinins.	endogenous indoleacetic acid (iaa) and cytokinin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in leaf sections of an orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) genotype which exhibited a high capacity for somatic embryogenesis in vitro and in two genotypes that did not exhibit this capacity. the nonembryogenic genotypes contained 3- to 4-fold higher concentrations of zeatin, zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, dihydrozeatin riboside, and total cytokinins than the embryogenic geno ...	1988	16666493
partial purification and properties of phleinase induced in stem base of orchardgrass after defoliation.	phleinase induced in stem base of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) after defoliation was partially purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-sephadex chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the molecular weight of phleinase was 57,000 as determined by gel chromatography. the enzyme showed normal michaelis-menten kinetics and its k(m) value was 91 millimolar for phlein of mean degree of polymerization 60 as substrate. reaction velocity of t ...	1985	16664288
studies on freezing injury of plant cells: i. relation between thermotropic properties of isolated plasma membrane vesicles and freezing injury.	the thermotropic transition of plasma membrane of dactylis glomerata was studied by using fluorescence polarization of embedded fluorophore, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. under the presence of 35% ethylene glycol, reversible thermotropic transitions were observed in isolated plasma membrane vesicles in nearly the same temperature range as the temperature of freezing injury to cells. in liposomes prepared from isolated plasma membranes, however, the thermotropic transitions occurred at much lowe ...	1984	16663597
protein and lipid compositions of isolated plasma membranes from orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.) and changes during cold acclimation.	the chemical composition of plasma membrane fractions isolated from orchard grass seedlings (dactylis glomerata l.) was analyzed and compared with endomembranes. the plasma membrane is characterized by an enrichment of sterols and a lower degree of unsaturation of phospholipids. steryl glycosides were found to be one of the lipid components of the plasma membrane, but steryl esters and galactolipids were barely detectable. diphosphatidyl glycerol was characteristically detected in the mitochondr ...	1984	16663596
partition of membrane particles in aqueous two-polymer phase system and its practical use for purification of plasma membranes from plants.	a simplified method for the isolation of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from plants utilizing an aqueous two-polymer phase system is outlined. mainly, the plant used was orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.). the two-phase system consisted of 5.6% (w/w) of dextran t500 and 5.6% (w/w) of polyethyleneglycol 4000 in 0.5 molar sorbitol-15 millimolar tris-maleate (ph 7.3), and 30 millimolar nacl. in this system, the plasma membranes and the other membranes were preferentially partitioned into th ...	1983	16662942
aerating grassland before manure application reduces runoff nutrient loads in a high rainfall environment.	the effect of mechanically aerating grassland before liquid manure application in the fall on surface runoff and transport of nutrients and solids was studied in a high rainfall area. the two treatments were control and aeration, the latter receiving one pass with an aerator perpendicular to the slope before fall application of liquid manure (dairy in years 1-3 and swine in year 4). treatments were randomly assigned on 3 to 5% sloping land with a silt loam surface soil (aquic dystroxerept) plant ...	2006	16641328
surveys of new and rare microfungi in the düsseltal (north rhine-westphalia)--germany.	in the years 2003 and 2004 we have observed an about 70 hectare large area in the düsseltal, the eastern part of the neandertal in north rhine-westphalia. there we collected on trees, bushes and herbs and found about 150 microfungi of which some are new for germany or the entire world. e.g.: pseudocercospora populigena n. ale-agha, u. braun & g.b. feige on populus berolinensis; vialaea insculpta (fr.) sacc. on ilex aquifolium l.; passalora amelopsidis (peck.) u. braun on parthenocissus quinquefo ...	2005	16637187
effect of manure application timing, crop, and soil type on nitrate leaching.	timing of manure application affects n leaching. this 3-yr study quantified n losses from liquid manure application on two soils, a muskellunge clay loam and a stafford loamy sand, as affected by cropping system and timing of application. dairy manure was applied at an annual rate of 93 800 l ha(-1) on replicated drained plots under continuous maize (zea mays l.) in early fall, late fall, early spring, and as a split application in early and late spring. variable rates of supplemental sidedress ...	2006	16510712
ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of nitrogen and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen from common crabgrass forages sampled on seven dates in northern arkansas.	southern crabgrass (digitaria ciliaris [retz.] koel.) is often an undesirable species in field and forage crops, but visual observations suggest that livestock prefer it to many other summer forages. the objectives of this study were to assess the nutritive value of crabgrass sampled weekly between july 11 and august 22, 2001 and then to determine ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of n and neutral detergent insoluble n (ndin) for these forages. a secondary objective was to compare these kin ...	2006	16478959
herbaceous vegetation productivity, persistence, and metals uptake on a biosolids-amended mine soil.	the selection of plant species is critical for the successful establishment and long-term maintenance of vegetation on reclaimed surface mined soils. a study was conducted to assess the capability of 16 forage grass and legume species in monocultures and mixes to establish and thrive on a reclaimed appalachian surface mine amended with biosolids. the 0.15-ha coarse-textured, rocky, non-acid forming mined site was prepared for planting by grading to a 2% slope and amending sandstone overburden ma ...	2012	16151233
a cd14 gene polymorphism is associated with the ige level for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.	cd14/-159 plays a role in sensitization to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in japanese patients with allergic rhinitis.	2005	16109674
monoclonal antibody against a cell wall marker protein for embryogenic potential of dactylis glomerata l. suspension cultures.	we identified and isolated a monoclonal antibody (mab 3g2) raised against extracellular proteins from microcluster cells of orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.) embryogenic suspension culture. mab 3g2 recognized with high specificity an antigen ionically bound within the primary cell wall and in the culture medium of microcluster cells. two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis and blotting of proteins on pvdf membrane showed that mab 3g2 detected a single polypeptide of apparent molecular ma ...	2005	16025341
limited genetic exchanges between populations of an insect pest living on uncultivated and related cultivated host plants.	habitats in agroecosystems are ephemeral, and are characterized by frequent disturbances forcing pest species to successively colonize various hosts belonging either to the cultivated or to the uncultivated part of the agricultural landscape. the role of wild habitats as reservoirs or refuges for the aphid sitobion avenae that colonize cultivated fields was assessed by investigating the genetic structure of populations collected on both cereal crops (wheat, barley and oat) and uncultivated hosts ...	2005	16024367
[the frequency of pollen allergy at the population of sarajevo region during the 2002 year].	the frequency of pollen alergy in the sample of population of sarajevo region during the 2002 year has been investigated. the age and gender population has been different. for determination of allergy has been use of standard test carryed out in the respective laboratories of clinical center of university of sarajevo. the testing has been on the pollen of weed plant species and grass (graminejae) pollen. in the mixture of pollen weed plant species have been following plants: plantago lanceolata ...	2005	16018386
surfactant protein d decreases pollen-induced ige-dependent mast cell degranulation.	mast cells play a key role in allergy and asthma. they reside at the host-environment interface and are among the first cells to make contact with inhaled microorganisms and particulate antigens. pulmonary surfactant proteins a and d (sp-a and sp-d) function in lung host defense by enhancing microbe phagocytosis and mediating other immune cell functions, but little is known about their effects on mast cells. we hypothesized that sp-a and/or sp-d modulate ige-dependent mast cell functions. pollen ...	2005	15980037
bioaccumulation of heavy metals in dactylis glomerata l. growing in a calcareous soil amended with sewage sludge.	the total and dtpa-extractable concentrations of pb, ni, zn, cu, cr and cd were measured in a calcareous soil amended with different doses of sewage sludge under field conditions. the same metals were also measured in the roots and leaves of dactylis glomerata at the end of the first vegetative period after the sludge was added. the root concentrations of all the metals were unrelated to their concentrations in the soil. leaf concentrations of zn and cr correlated with total (zn) and dtpa-extrac ...	2006	15953718
[sensitization to castanea sativa pollen and pollinosis in northern extremadura (spain)].	castanea sativa pollen allergy has generally been considered to be uncommon and clinically insignificant. in our geographical area (plasencia, cáceres, spain) castanea sativa pollen is a major pollen.	2005	15946627
orchard grass or cock's foot, dactylis glomerata.		2005	15945550
immunotherapy with depigmented glutaraldehyde-polymerized extracts: changes in quality of life.	immunotherapy (it) with modified allergens reduces allergic rhinitis (ar) symptoms and medications requirements. improvement of quality of life (qol) is a key point in the treatment of ar. the aim of this study was to provide evidence of changes related to the patient's qol (well-being) induced by a modified (depigmented glutaraldehyde-polymerized) therapeutic vaccine and of its safety.	2005	15898977
factors affecting translation at the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting site of cocksfoot mottle virus rna in vivo.	the ratio between proteins p27 and replicase of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) is regulated via a -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (-1 prf). a minimal frameshift signal with a slippery u uua aac heptamer and a downstream stem-loop structure was inserted into a dual reporter vector and directed -1 prf with an efficiency of 14.4 +/- 1.9% in yeast and 2.4 +/- 0.7% in bacteria. p27-encoding cfmv sequence flanking the minimal frameshift signal caused approximately 2-fold increase in the -1 prf effic ...	2005	15843686
aerobic stability of wheat and orchardgrass round-bale silages during winter.	using recently developed technology, balage is often stored in large (1.2 x 1.2 m) round bales that are wrapped in plastic film with an in-line wrapper. the aerobic stability of this fermented forage is important, particularly during winter months when it is fed to livestock or sold as a cash crop. two types of forage, orchardgrass [dactylis glomerata l.; 54.4% dry matter (dm)] and wheat (triticum aestivum l.; 62.4% dm), were packaged in large round bales and wrapped with an in-line wrapper duri ...	2005	15829675
ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of dry matter and fiber in growing steers for common crabgrass forages sampled on seven dates in northern arkansas.	southern crabgrass (digitaria ciliaris [retz.] koel.) is often viewed as an undesirable weed, largely because it encroaches upon field and forage crops, gardens, and lawns. however, visual observations of livestock grazing mixed-species pastures suggest that cattle seem to prefer crabgrass to many other summer forages. the objectives of this study were to assess the nutritive value of crabgrass sampled weekly between july 11, and august 22, 2001, and then to determine ruminal in situ disappearan ...	2005	15827259
[effects of grazing on architecture and small-scale pattern of grasses on artificial grassland in subtropical zone].	this study was conducted on a 5-year artificial grassland in subtropical zone of south china. the main types of established artificial grassland there were dactylis glomerata-lolium prenne-trifolium repens and d. glomerata-t. repens pastures. four grazing intensities were designed, i.e., ck (no grazing), g1 (6 adult sheep x hm(-2)), g2 (7.5 adult sheep x hm(-2)) and g3 (10 adult sheep x hm(-2)), and all the grazing plots were rotationally grazed. the architecture and small-scale pattern of grass ...	2004	15825439
sensitization to common allergens, especially pollens, among children with respiratory allergy in the trakya region of turkey.	asthma and allergic rhinitis are common problems in children and the causative pollen allergens vary according to the geographical area. the aim of this study was to investigate patterns of sensitization to common inhalant allergens, especially pollens, in turkish children living in the trakya region and to determine differences between rural and urban areas. allergen skin testing was prospectively performed on 539 children aged between 4 and 17 years with respiratory allergy. the reaction was c ...	2004	15783130
seasonal patterns of growth, dehydrins and water-soluble carbohydrates in genotypes of dactylis glomerata varying in summer dormancy.	summer dormancy in perennial grasses has been studied inadequately, despite its potential to enhance plant survival and persistence in mediterranean areas. the aim of the present work was to characterize summer dormancy and dehydration tolerance in two cultivars of dactylis glomerata (dormant 'kasbah', non-dormant 'oasis') and their hybrid using physiological indicators associated with these traits.	2005	15760915
the major grass pollen group 5 allergen from dactylis glomerata and its c-terminal split product both behave as dimers: implications for allergen standardization.	on sds-page grass pollen group-5 allergens migrate as a doublet with an apparent molecular mass (m(r)) of 25 kda. immunoblot analysis revealed additional group 5 reactivity at double and half this m(r). the aim of this study was to investigate these group 5 molecular entities and to compare their allergenicity and behavior in quantitative immunoassays.	2005	15650308
[ecological strategies of soil microbial communities under plants of meadow ecosystems].	dominant growth strategies of soil microbial communities of mown and unmown meadows were assessed with respect to the constants of saturation and maximal specific growth rate of microorganisms. the microbial community of mown-meadow soil was characterized by a greater biomass and activity due to prevalence of microorganisms with the r strategy, compared to the microbial community of unmown-meadow soil. in contrast to nonrhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil was dominated by rapidly growing microorg ...	2004	15615453
surfactant protein d increases phagocytosis and aggregation of pollen-allergen starch granules.	recent studies have shown that surfactant components, in particular the collectins surfactant protein (sp)-a and -d, modulate the phagocytosis of various pathogens by alveolar macrophages. this interaction might be important not only for the elimination of pathogens but also for the elimination of inhaled allergens and might explain anti-inflammatory effects of sp-a and sp-d in allergic airway inflammation. we investigated the effect of surfactant components on the phagocytosis of allergen-conta ...	2004	15591410
myeloperoxidase release after allergen-specific conjunctival challenge.	allergen-specific conjunctival challenge is a fruitful and complete tool in evaluating pathophysiological phenomena of allergic inflammation. after challenge, a significant neutrophil infiltrate occurred in allergic subjects. the primary (azurophilic) granules of neutrophils contain a variety of enzymes that might potentiate inflammation, such as myeloperoxidase (mpo). it is not known whether allergen-specific conjunctival challenge (ascc) is able to elicit mpo release. we also investigated the ...	2004	15584313
characterization of natural dac g 1 variants: an alternative to recombinant group 1 allergens.	production of soluble correctly folded recombinant group 1 allergens has proven to be difficult. purified natural group 1 allergens could be an alternative for application in immunotherapy.	2004	15536420
lactation performance of holstein cows fed fescue, orchardgrass, or alfalfa silage.	perennial grasses are increasingly being used as an integral part of nutrient management plans, but fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is often overlooked because of perceived intake problems. a 30-d study was conducted to evaluate the lactation performance of cows fed a fescue silage-based total mixed ration (tmr) compared with orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage-based tmr, when forages are harvested at recommended neutral detergent fiber (ndf) levels. ...	2004	15328241
analysis of liquid extracts from tree and grass pollens by capillary electromigration methods.	capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis (cze), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (cmekc) and isotachophoresis (citp), have been used for analysis of water and water-buffer extracts from tree-common birch (betula verrucosa) and grass-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata) pollen samples. water extracts were analyzed by cze using acetic acid as background electrolyte (bge), by cmekc in tris-phosphate bge with anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) micellar pseudophase (tp- ...	2004	15236695
effect of manure application timing, crop, and soil type on phosphorus leaching.	phosphorus (p) leaching losses from manure applications may be of concern when artificial drainage systems allow for hydrologic short-cuts to surface waters. this study quantified p leaching losses from liquid manure applications on two soil textural extremes, a clay loam and loamy sand soil, as affected by cropping system and timing of application. for each soil type, manure was applied at an annual rate of 93 800 l ha(-1) on replicated drained plots under maize (zea mays l.) in early fall, lat ...	2013	15224946
effects of ambient levels of air pollution on grass swards subjected to different defoliation regimes.	the urgent need to evaluate effects of air quality on plant growth in the field is discussed in relation to the difficulties which field-based studies pose in the interpretation of data. an initial study is described which aimed to overcome some of these difficulties and the data are discussed within the remaining limitations. the productivity of pure swards of lolium perenne l. and dactylis glomerata l., subjected to defoliation at different times of the year, was studied at field sites with di ...	1987	15092760
vegetation establishment on a deposit of zinc mine wastes.	field trials concerning the establishment of plant cover on a deposit of wastes from the ammeberg zinc mine in central sweden were carried out during 1976-1985. different soil conditioners and manures were applied and plant species cultivars were evaluated with regard to plant biomass, vigour, durability and content of zinc, lead and cadmium. sewage sludge and topsoil led to better establishment of grasses than did municipal waste, straw and hydraulic seeding. after 2 years, festuca rubra and po ...	1989	15092483
inferring the evolutionary history of rice yellow mottle virus from genomic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic studies.	fourteen isolates of rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) were selected as representative of the genetic variability of the virus in africa from a total set of 320 isolates serologically typed or partially sequenced. the 14 isolates were fully sequenced and analyzed together with two previously reported sequences. rymv had a genomic organization similar to that of cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus. the average nucleotide diversity among the 16 isolates of rymv was 7%, and the maximum diversity between any ...	2004	15016846
the effect of five forage species on transport and transformation of atrazine and isoxaflutole (balance) in lysimeter leachate.	a field lysimeter study with bare ground and five different ground covers was established to evaluate the effect of forage grasses on the fate and transport of two herbicides in leachate. the herbicides were atrazine (atr; 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) and isoxaflutole [ixf; 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluormethyl-benzoyl)isoxazole], which has the commercial name balance (aventis crop science, strasbourg, france). the ground covers included orchardgrass (dacty ...	2013	14674520
[effects of grazing, cutting and decapitating on grass populations on the artificial grassland in subtropical zone of china].	studies on the effects of grazing, cutting and decapitating on grass populations on the artificial grassland in the subtropical zone of china showed that moderate grazing and cutting could increase the adaptability of dactylis glomerata and lolium prenn due to decapitating. decapitating could rescind the apical dominance and reproduction growth of grass, and hence, the ecological effects of grazing and cutting on grass could be realized by decapitating, and the population density, caloric value ...	2003	14655369
the complete nucleotide sequence of subterranean clover mottle virus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of subterranean clover mottle virus (scmov) genomic rna has been determined. the scmov genome is 4,258 nucleotides in length. it shares most nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with the genome of lucerne transient streak virus (ltsv). scmov rna encodes four overlapping open reading frames and has a genome organisation similar to that of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv). orf1 and orf4 are predicted to encode single proteins. orf2 is predicted to encode two pr ...	2003	14579180
human serum ige-mediated mast cell degranulation shows poor correlation to allergen-specific ige content.	although allergen-specific ige content in serum can be determined immunochemically, little is known about the relationship between this parameter and the strength of the degranulation response upon allergen triggering.	2003	14510723
grass pollen allergens. iv. the isolation of some of the principal allergens of phleum pratense and dactylis glomerata and their sensitivity spectra in patients.		1962	13863259
chlorophyll lethal in natural populations of the orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.). a case of balanced polymorphism in plants.		1961	13683843
comparison of growth performance of lolium perenne l., dactylis glomerata l. and agropyron elongatum (host.) p. beauv. for erosion control in turkey.	this study was carried out in plastic containers to compare growth performances of perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass and tall wheatgrass to be given priority in revegetation studies in turkey. three pre-germinated seeds of each grass species were planted separately into the soil in the black plastic containers. seedlings were harvested 2, 4 and 6 months after planting pre-germinated seeds and measured for percentage of seedling emergence, rooting depth, height growth, leaf and tiller development ...	2003	12974411
vertical leaf nitrogen distribution in relation to nitrogen status in grassland plants.	vertical gradients of leaf nitrogen (n) per unit leaf area (nla) are viewed as plastic responses that optimize n utilization with respect to carbon assimilation. however, it has been shown that plant species, sowing density and n availability affect the steepness of the nla gradient relative to the photon flux density (pfd) gradient. this paper tests the hypothesis that such variation is related to the n status of the plant. the n status was analysed using the concept of the critical n concentra ...	2003	12967909
soil mixing to decrease surface stratification of phosphorus in manured soils.	continual applications of fertilizer and manure to permanent grassland or no-till soils can lead to an accumulation of p at the surface, which in turn increases the potential for p loss in overland flow. to investigate the feasibility of redistributing surface stratified p within the soil profile by plowing, mehlich-3 p rich surface soils (128-961 mg kg(-) in 0-5 cm) were incubated with lower-p subsoil (16-119 mg kg(-1) in 5-20 cm) for 18 manured soils from oklahoma and pennsylvania that had rec ...	2003	12931893
[in vitro effects of antiallergic eyedrops on complement activation induced by particulate matter].	recent decades have been marked by an increasing number of patients suffering from ocular allergic-like symptoms without being associated with an increase in ige levels. these symptoms include heaviness of the lid, foreign body sensation, burning, stinging and photophobia. both epidemiological studies and controlled human exposure clinical studies have shown cause-effect relationships between allergic-like symptoms and environmental factors such as outdoor air pollutants or poor indoor air quali ...	2003	12843888
effect of soil type and fertilization level on mineral concentration of pasture: potential relationships to ruminant performance and health.	a three-year study was conducted to measure the effects of varying levels of dairy slurry application on mineral concentration of forages from three soils types. slurry was applied to orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata [l.] cv. pennlate) growing in 60-cm diameter drainage lysimeters to measure the effect of four levels of slurry (urine and feces) n application (0, 168, 336, and 672 kg of n.ha-1.yr-1) on mineral (p, k, ca, mg) concentration of the forage on three soil types (hagerstown, hartleton, ...	2003	12817509
the three-dimensional structure of cocksfoot mottle virus at 2.7 a resolution.	cocksfoot mottle virus is a plant virus that belongs to the genus sobemovirus. the structure of the virus has been determined at 2.7 a resolution. the icosahedral capsid has t = 3 quasisymmetry and 180 copies of the coat protein. except for a couple of stacked bases, the viral rna is not visible in the electron density map. the coat protein has a jelly-roll beta-sandwich fold and its conformation is very similar to that of other sobemoviruses and tobacco necrosis virus. the n-terminal arm of one ...	2003	12781716
oxygen deficiency affects carbohydrate reserves in overwintering forage crops.	anaerobic conditions developing under an ice cover affect winter survival and spring regrowth of economically important perennial crops. the objective was to compare, during a prolonged period of low (<2%) o2 at low temperature, the concentration of carbohydrates of four plant species contrasting in their resistance to oxygen deficiency. four perennial forage species, lucerne (medicago sativa l.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), and cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata ...	2003	12754268
supplemental carbohydrate sources for lactating dairy cows on pasture.	two experiments were conducted to evaluate steam-flaked corn and nonforage fiber sources as supplemental carbohydrates for lactating dairy cows on pasture. cows were allotted to a new paddock of an orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) pasture twice daily in one group in both trials. in experiment 1, 28 holstein cows, averaging 216 d in milk, were randomly assigned to either a cracked-corn (cc) or a steam-flaked (sfc) supplement in a split plot design. the supplement contained 66.7% of corn and a ...	2003	12703627
silica accumulation in triticum aestivum l. and dactylis glomerata l.	the silica accumulation in orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been studied in plant samples grown under defined conditions in a pot trial. the plant habit and the quantity of biomineralised silica within the selected gramineae depend to a remarkable extent on the soil. the plants grew with different soil ph values and silica additives. by means of atomic absorption spectrometry, the silicon enrichment in different plant parts was determined. in dried plant ...	2003	12698227
transpiration rates and canopy conductance of pinus radiata growing with different pasture understories in agroforestry systems.	we measured tree transpiration and canopy conductance in pinus radiata d. don at two low rainfall sites of differing soil fertility in canterbury, new zealand. at the more fertile lincoln site, we also assessed the effects of two common pasture grasses on tree transpiration and canopy conductance. at the less fertile eyrewell forest site, the effect of no understory, and the effects of irrigation in combination with mixtures of grass or legume species were determined. tree xylem sap flux (f(d)') ...	1998	12651344
effect of smoke, charred wood, and nitrogenous compounds on seed germination of ten species from woodland in central-western spain.	the effect of smoke, charred wood, and nitrogenous compounds on germination was tested on 10 species of the cistaceae, poaceae, fabaceae, and asteraceae, from fire-prone, shrubby woodlands in central-western spain. dry seeds were exposed to smoke, by watering with distilled water-charred wood suspensions, or nano2, kno3, nh4cl, and nh4no3. smoke enhanced germination in 9 of 10 of the species. in species of poaceae, germination was stimulated by 20 min of smoke exposure. in asteraceae and fabacea ...	2003	12647865
effects of elevated soil copper on phenology, growth and reproduction of five ruderal plant species.	the repeated use of copper (cu) fungicides to control vine downy mildew, caused by plasmopara viticola, has been responsible for the heavy increase of cu concentration in the upper layers of vineyard soils. to determine the effects of elevated soil cu on plant development, we created an artificial soil gradient with cu enrichments ranging from 0 to 400 mg kg-1. on this gradient, and for five ruderal plant species commonly found in vineyards in southern france (poa annua l., dactylis glomerata l. ...	2003	12547525
a new attempt to study biomineralised silica bodies in dactylis glomerata l.	the accumulation process of inorganic compounds in animals and plants by biomineralisation is not well understood nowadays, though it may be the key to an environmental-compatible production of modern materials in future. in this paper a new attempt will be made on the investigation of silica accumulation in grasses (especially dactylis glomerata l.). the silicic acid agglomerates in dactylis glomerata l. were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive ...	2002	12397507
roles of the plasma membrane and the cell wall in the responses of plant cells to freezing.	in an effort to clarify the responses of a wide range of plant cells to freezing, we examined the responses to freezing of the cells of chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant tropical and subtropical plants. among the cells of the plants that we examined, those of african violet ( saintpaulia grotei engl.) leaves were most chilling-sensitive, those of hypocotyls in mungbean [ vigna radiata (l.) r. wilcz.] seedlings were moderately chilling-sensitive, and those of orchid [ paphiopedilum insign ...	2002	12244442
inhibition of sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase by cations and ionic strength.	fructans are storage carbohydrates found in many temperate grasses. the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of most fructans is sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase (sst). in this report, we demonstrate that k+ and ionic strength noncompetitively inhibit the activity of sst from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stems. the ki for this inhibition is high, 122 mm, but in the range of concentrations of k+ found in the tissue (205-314 mm). addition of kcl to the assay system had no effect on the ph ...	1993	12231714
drought survival, summer dormancy and dehydrin accumulation in contrasting cultivars of dactylis glomerata.	to study survival under prolonged and severe drought in the perennial grass dactylis glomerata we compared dormant, resistant and sensitive cultivars (cvs.) in both field and glasshouse experiments. water status, membrane stability and expression of dehydrins were assessed in the immature leaf bases, which are the last surviving organs. analysis of leaf elongation and senescence of aerial tissues showed that dormancy was exhibited by the potentially dormant cultivar (cv.) only in the field. this ...	2002	12207661
the complete sequence of the genome of cocksfoot streak virus (csv), a grass infecting potyvirus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of cocksfoot streak virus (csv) has been determined. the viral genome comprises 9663 nucleotides, excluding a 3'-terminal poly(a) sequence. the genome of csv has a 133 nt 5'-non coding and a 260 nt 3'-non coding region. the rna of csv encodes a single polyprotein of 3089 amino acid residues and has a deduced genome organization typical for a member of the family potyviridae. csv is transmissible by aphids and has a narrow host range in the gramineae. it was compa ...	2002	12181676
the contribution of roots and shoots to whole plant nitrate reduction in fast- and slow-growing grass species.	the hypothesis was tested that slow-growing grass species perform a greater proportion of total plant no3- reduction in their roots than do fast-growing grasses. eight grass species were selected that differed in maximum relative growth rate (rgr) and net no3- uptake rate (nnur). plants were grown with free access to nutrients in hydroponics under controlled-environment conditions. the site of in vivo no3- reduction was assessed by combining in vivo no3- reductase activity (nra) assays with biom ...	2002	12096102
supplementation with partially hydrogenated oil in grazing dairy cows in early lactation.	effects of partially hydrogenated oil on performance, loss of body weight and body condition score, and blood metabolite and hormone concentrations were evaluated in 37 multiparous holstein cows in grazing conditions during the first 100 d of lactation. six additional holstein cows, each fitted with a ruminal cannula, were allocated to a replicated 3 x 3 latin square to evaluate effects of supplemental fat on rumen environment and pasture digestion. all cows grazed mixed pastures based on alfalf ...	2002	11949863
seedling development and field performance of prairiegrass, grazing bromegrass, and orchardgrass.	seedling establishment is a critical phase in pasture management. knowledge of the seedling development of new forages is necessary to develop management practices and recommend species mixtures for pasture seedings. we compared seedling growth and development of prairiegrass (bromus willdenowii kunth = b. catharticus vahl), grazing bromegrass (b. stamineus desv.), and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) in controlled environment and field studies. seedlings were sampled weekly for 7 wk in the ...	2002	11756278
a model of lamina digestibility of orchardgrass as influenced by nitrogen and defoliation.	the morphogenesis of grass-sward regrowth drives the relationship between sward management effects and herbage digestibility. our objective was to create a model of herbage digestibility for a range of n fertilizer levels and defoliation practices on the basis of changes in vegetative grass tiller structure rather than on dates of cutting or grazing. an experiment was conducted for two spring and two summer regrowths to examine the digestibility of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) whole lami ...	2002	11756277
species and nitrogen effect on growth rate, tiller density, and botanical composition in grass hay production.	numerous studies have evaluated growth, stand dynamics, and botanical composition of grass swards separately, but little information is available on the interaction of these factors. the objectives of this study were to determine the response of growth rate, tiller density, and botanical composition in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), and timothy (phleum pratense l.) to different n levels. growth rates ranged from 8.6 to 1.54, 9.14 to 0.67, and 4.1 ...	2002	11756276
immunochemical characterization of two pichia pastoris-derived recombinant group 5 dactylis glomerata isoallergens.	grass pollen of the poaceae grasses are known to be highly allergenic. major allergens from the species lolium, phleum, poa and holcus have been cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins, but of the important species dactylis glomerata no recombinants are available.	2001	11752876
poaceae in the natural diet of the snail helix aspersa müller (gastropoda, pulmonata).	the natural diet of helix aspersa was studied in two populations by analysing faeces. picris echioides, carduus tenuifloris, urtica dioica, galium molugo (dicotyledons) and poaceae (monocotyledons) were the principal resources of the studied populations. the species of poaceae ingested by helix aspersa in july were determined by analysing the phytoliths present in the faeces. festuca rubra, dactylis glomerata and bromus hordeaceus seemed to be attractive for the snails whereas elytrigia repens w ...	2001	11725705
growth in elevated co(2) can both increase and decrease photochemistry and photoinhibition of photosynthesis in a predictable manner. dactylis glomerata grown in two levels of nitrogen nutrition.	biochemically based models of c(3) photosynthesis can be used to predict that when photosynthesis is limited by the amount of rubisco, increasing atmospheric co(2) partial pressure (pco(2)) will increase light-saturated linear electron flow through photosystem ii (j(t)). this is because the stimulation of electron flow to the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle (j(c)) will be greater than the competitive suppression of electron flow to the photorespiratory carbon oxidation cycle (j(o)). where ...	2001	11706199
ultrastructural analyses of somatic embryo initiation, development and polarity establishment from mesophyll cells of dactylis glomerata.	somatic embryos initiate and develop directly from single mesophyll cells in in vitro-cultured leaf segments of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). embryogenic cells establish themselves in the predivision stage by formation of thicker cell walls and dense cytoplasm. electron microscopy observations for embryos ranging from the pre-cell-division stage to 20-cell proembryos confirm previous light microscopy studies showing a single cell origin. they also confirm that the first division is predo ...	2008	11681324
spaceflight reduces somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass (poaceae).	somatic embryos initiate and develop from single mesophyll cells in in vitro cultured leaf segments of orchard-grass (dactylis glomerata l.). segments were plated at time periods ranging from 21 to 0.9 d (21 h) prior to launch on an 11 d spaceflight (sts-64). using a paired t-test, there was no significant difference in embryogenesis from preplating periods of 14 d and 21 d. however, embryogenesis was reduced by 70% in segments plated 21 h before launch and this treatment was significant at p=0. ...	1998	11541444
growth, proline accumulation and water relations of nacl-selected and non-selected callus lines of dactylis glomerata l.	sodium chloride-tolerant calli were selected from leaf-derived embryogenic calli of dactylis glomerata l. on agar solidified medium supplemented with 200 mm nacl, a concentration lethal to non-selected calli. growth characteristics, water relations and proline accumulation pattern were compared in selected and non-selected lines. the objective was to gain an understanding of the mechanism(s) of tolerance in the nacl-tolerant line. growth in the selected line, as expressed in terms of tolerance i ...	1995	11538458
influence of low temperature preincubation on somatic embryogenesis and ethylene emanation from orchardgrass leaves.	the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of low temperature (4 degrees c) preincubation on somatic embryogenesis from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) leaf cultures and to relate these effects to ethylene emanation during the preincubation and incubation periods. experiments were also conducted with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (aoa). segments from the innermost two leaves were cultured on sh medium with 30 micromoles dicamba at 4 degrees c for 1 t ...	1994	11537966
accumulation of metals in vegetation from an alkaline artificial soil.	this research was conducted to determine whether elevated concentrations of metals in biosolids would result in increased accumulation of these metals in plants growing on an alkaline, artificial soil created by addition of municipal sewage biosolids to inorganic waste materials during reclamation of a filled lime settling basin. accumulation of metals in vegetation growing on this alkaline, artificial soil was compared with accumulation in vegetation growing on a natural, reference soil that ha ...	2001	11381785
fitting a regression model for genotype-by-environment data on heading dates in grasses by methods for nonlinear mixed models.	the analysis of agricultural crop variety trials is usually complicated by the presence of genotype-by-environment interaction. a number of methods and models have been proposed to tackle this problem. one of the most common methods is the regression approach due to yates and cochran (1938, journal of agricultural science 28, 556-580), in which performances of genotypes in the environments are regressed onto environmental means. the underlying regression model contains a multiplicative term with ...	1999	11315057
soil-soiln simulations of water drainage and nitrate nitrogen transport from soil core lysimeters.	water resources protection from nitrate nitrogen (no3-n) contamination is an important public concern and a major national environmental issue. the abilities of the soil-soiln model to simulate water drainage and nitrate n fluxes from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) were evaluated using data from a 3-yr field experiment. the soil is classified as a hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic typic hapludalf). nitrate losses below the 1-m depth from n-fertilized grazed orchardg ...	2013	11285920
cell-to-cell movement of potato virus x involves distinct functions of the coat protein.	complementation of movement-deficient potato virus x (pvx) coat protein (cp) mutants, namely pvx.cp-xho lacking the 18 c-terminal amino acid residues and pvx.deltacp lacking the entire cp gene, was studied by transient co-expression with heterologous proteins. these data demonstrated that the potyvirus cps and both the major and minor cps of beet yellows closterovirus could complement cell-to-cell movement of pvx.cp-xho but not pvx.deltacp. these data also indicated that the c-terminally truncat ...	2001	11161285
[skin reactivity in the histamine-equivalent skin test in hypersensitivity to grass pollen].	skin prick-test has been accepted as one of diagnostic criteria for atopic diseases. in accordance with the recommendations of the eaaci (european academy of allergy and clinical immunology), the subcommittee for skin testing, allergen specific skin prick-test should be estimated in relation to positive control (histamine hydrochloride in the hep system/histamine equivalent prick/) [1-4]. the purpose of this study was to establish a recording system of skin sensitivity to allergen by using hep m ...	2013	11089421
intake, digestibility, and composition of orchardgrass and alfalfa silages treated with cellulase, inoculant, and formic acid fed to lambs.	the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of a cellulase (from trichoderma longibrachiatum) alone or combined with a bacterial inoculant (lactobacillus plantarum and pediococcus cerevisiae) or formic acid on composition, intake, and digestibility of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silages. orchardgrass and alfalfa were harvested at the early heading stage and at the early bloom stage of maturity and wilted to approximately 22 and 32% dm, resp ...	2000	11063325
characterization of vpg and the polyprotein processing of cocksfoot mottle virus (genus sobemovirus).	the polyprotein of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv; genus sobemovirus:) is translated from two overlapping open reading frames (orfs) 2a and 2b by a -1 ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. in this study, a 12 kda protein was purified from viral rna-derived samples that appears to correspond to the cfmv genome-linked protein (vpg). according to the determined n-terminal amino acid sequence, the vpg domain is located between the serine proteinase and replicase motifs and the n terminus of vpg is cleave ...	2000	11038392
respiratory costs and rate of protein turnover in the roots of a fast-growing (dactylis glomerata l.) and a slow-growing (festuca ovina l.) grass species.	protein turnover is generally regarded as one of the most important maintenance processes in plants in terms of energy requirements. in this study, the contribution of protein turnover to the respiratory costs for maintenance in the roots of two grass species, the fast-growing d. actylis glomerata l. and the slow-growing f. estuca ovina l., is evaluated. plants were grown under controlled-environment conditions in a nutrient solution to which no(3)- was added at a relative addition rate of 0.2 a ...	2000	10948236
a simple method to determine leaf angles of grass species.	there are several very accurate methods to determine leaf angles in closed canopies. however, these are generally very time-consuming or require special equipment. average canopy leaf angles were derived from simple height and blade length measurements. an exponential relationship between the height/length ratio and the average blade leaf angle was used. the method was tested for two grass species, dactylis glomerata and festuca arundinacea, grown under different uv-b levels. the results clearly ...	2000	10944161
enzyme, bacterial inoculant, and formic acid effects on silage composition of orchardgrass and alfalfa.	we evaluated the effects of cellulase (from trichoderma longibrachiatum) application rates on neutral detergent fiber (ndf) concentration and fermentation products of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silages harvested with decreasing dry matter (dm) digestibility. additionally, the impacts of inoculant (lactobacillus plantarum and pediococcus cerevisiae), pectinase (from aspergillus niger), or formic acid on silage composition were studied. forages wilted to ...	2000	10908057
effect of level of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, and performance of growing male goats fed hay-based diets.	twenty-four purebred boer (capra hircus hircus) and 12 male kids of 1/2 boer breeding (initial bw 21 +/- .5 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to study the effects of increasing level of whole cottonseed (wcs) on adg, serum urea n, plasma gossypol, live grades, and intake of dm, cp, ndf, adf, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, ether extract, and free gossypol. a subgroup of 16 purebred goats was used to determine digestibility using a 5-d total fecal collection. goats were blocke ...	2000	10875652
regulation of -1 ribosomal frameshifting directed by cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus genome.	the polyprotein of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) is encoded by two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the putative replicase of cfmv is produced as a part of the polyprotein from orf2b by the -1 ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. the signals leading to -1 ribosomal frameshifting directed by cfmv rna are the slippery heptamer uuuaaac and a stem-loop structure starting seven nucleotides downstream from the heptamer. we studied the effect of different parts of the cfmv genome on the -1 ribosom ...	2000	10848968
secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of the fixation of 15n-labelled no in pollen grains.	we used secondary ion mass spectrometry to image cellular targets of nitrogen oxides (widespread air pollutants) in pollen grains of birch (betula verrucosa ehrh.) and cockfoot (dactylis glomerata l.). the pollen samples were exposed to air supplemented with high doses of 15no. the pollen grains were then fixed, dehydrated using a newly developed 'vapour phase' preparation method and embedded in lrw resin. semithin sections were then analysed. imaging was performed in scanning mode. as usual, th ...	2000	10810006