Publications

uranium perturbs signaling and iron uptake response in arabidopsis thaliana roots.	uranium is a natural element which is mainly redistributed in the environment due to human activity, including accidents and spillages. plants may be useful in cleaning up after incidents, although little is yet known about the relationship between metal speciation and plant response. here, j-chess modeling was used to predict u speciation and exposure conditions affecting u bioavailability for plants. the model was confirmed by exposing arabidopsis thaliana plants to u under hydroponic conditio ...	2014	24549117
lead serum levels in opium-dependent individuals.	drug abuse, especially opium abuse, is a major public health problem in iran. recent reports suggest that opium sellers cheat their customers by adding lead to the opium. contaminated opium can threaten the health of consumers. the present study aimed to compare the serum level of lead between opium dependents and a control group.	2009	24494092
flour pads: devices to improve chess fat suppression.	we compared the suppression of lingering fat signals in chemical shift selective (chess) images by pads filled with flour and pads filled with rice in a phantom and human subjects.	2014	24492741
seizures induced by music.	musicogenic epilepsy is a rare disorder. much remains to be learned about the electroclinical features. this report describes a patient who has been followed at our institution for 17 years, and was investigated with long-term telemetered simultaneous video-eeg recordings. she began to have seizures at the age of 10 years. she experienced complex partial seizures, often preceded by elementary auditory hallucination and complex auditory illusion. the seizures occurred in relation to singing, list ...	1993	24487138
an experimental test of whether cheating is context dependent.	microbial cells rely on cooperative behaviours that can breakdown as a result of exploitation by cheats. recent work on cheating in microbes, however, has produced examples of populations benefiting from the presence of cheats and/or cooperative behaviours being maintained despite the presence of cheats. these observations have been presented as evidence for selection favouring cheating at the population level. this apparent contradiction arises when cheating is defined simply by the reduced exp ...	2014	24480013
efficient universal blind quantum computation.	we give a cheat sensitive protocol for blind universal quantum computation that is efficient in terms of computational and communication resources: it allows one party to perform an arbitrary computation on a second party's quantum computer without revealing either which computation is performed, or its input and output. the first party's computational capabilities can be extremely limited: she must only be able to create and measure single-qubit superposition states. the second party is not req ...	2013	24476238
elementary school children's cheating behavior and its cognitive correlates.	elementary school children's cheating behavior and its cognitive correlates were investigated using a guessing game. children (n=95) between 8 and 12 years of age were asked to guess which side of the screen a coin would appear on and received rewards based on their self-reported accuracy. children's cheating behavior was measured by examining whether children failed to adhere to the game rules by falsely reporting their accuracy. children's theory-of-mind understanding and executive functioning ...	2014	24464240
efficacy of the core dna barcodes in identifying processed and poorly conserved plant materials commonly used in south african traditional medicine.	medicinal plants cover a broad range of taxa, which may be phylogenetically less related but morphologically very similar. such morphological similarity between species may lead to misidentification and inappropriate use. also the substitution of a medicinal plant by a cheaper alternative (e.g. other non-medicinal plant species), either due to misidentification, or deliberately to cheat consumers, is an issue of growing concern. in this study, we used dna barcoding to identify commonly used medi ...	2013	24453559
current issues in the evolutionary ecology of ant-plant symbioses.	ant-plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing ants and often food to ants. in return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores and sometimes provide them with nutrients. here, we review recent advances in ant-plant symbioses, focusing on three areas. first, the nutritional ecology of plant-ants, which is based not only on plant-derived food rewards, but also on inputs from other symbiotic partners, in particular fungi and possibly bacteria ...	2014	24444030
fat-suppression techniques for 3-t mr imaging of the musculoskeletal system.	fat suppression is an important technique in musculoskeletal imaging to improve the visibility of bone-marrow lesions; evaluate fat in soft-tissue masses; optimize the contrast-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance (mr) arthrography; better define lesions after administration of contrast material; and avoid chemical shift artifacts, primarily at 3-t mr imaging. high-field-strength (eg, 3-t) mr imaging has specific technical characteristics compared with lower-field-strength mr imaging that influe ...	2016	24428292
100% classification accuracy considered harmful: the normalized information transfer factor explains the accuracy paradox.	the most widely spread measure of performance, accuracy, suffers from a paradox: predictive models with a given level of accuracy may have greater predictive power than models with higher accuracy. despite optimizing classification error rate, high accuracy models may fail to capture crucial information transfer in the classification task. we present evidence of this behavior by means of a combinatorial analysis where every possible contingency matrix of 2, 3 and 4 classes classifiers are depict ...	2014	24427282
cheating in high school: a comparison of behavior of students in the college prep and general curriculum.	a sampling of 1629 students, from 22 high schools, responded to questions regarding cheating in and outside of school. of this number, 515 were enrolled in the college prep and 744 in the general curriculum. more similarities than statistically significant differences were found in a comparison of their responses. from 25 to 75% of their peers were estimated to be cheaters. boys were more often guilty than girls. cheating in mathematics was most common. failure was the agreed upon punishment for ...	1972	24415334
prospective associations of parental smoking, alcohol use, marital status, maternal satisfaction, and parental and childhood body mass index at 6.5 years with later problematic eating attitudes.	few studies have prospectively investigated whether early-life exposures are associated with pre-adolescent eating attitudes.	2014	24394456
x-ray structure, thermodynamics, elastic properties and md simulations of cardiolipin/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine mixed membranes.	cardiolipins (cls) are important biologically for their unique role in biomembranes that couple phosphorylation and electron transport like bacterial plasma membranes, chromatophores, chloroplasts and mitochondria. cls are often tightly coupled to proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. the first step in understanding the interaction of cl with proteins is to obtain the pure cl structure, and the structure of mixtures of cl with other lipids. in this work we use a variety of techniques t ...	2014	24378240
synchrotron x-ray footprinting on tour.	synchrotron footprinting is a valuable technique in structural biology for understanding macromolecular solution-state structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids. although an extremely powerful tool, there is currently only a single facility in the usa, the x28c beamline at the national synchrotron light source (nsls), dedicated to providing infrastructure, technology development and support for these studies. the high flux density of the focused white beam and variety of specialized e ...	2014	24365913
drug dealers' rational choices on which customers to rip-off.	drug dealers are infamous for overcharging customers and handing over less than owed. one reason rip-offs frequently occur is blackmarket participants have limited access to formal means of dispute resolution and, as such, are attractive prey. yet drug dealers do not cheat every customer. though this is implicitly understood in the literature, sparse theoretical attention has been given to which customers are ripped-off and why.	2014	24360891
expertise and processing distorted structure in chess.	a classic finding in research on human expertise and knowledge is that of enhanced memory for stimuli in a domain of expertise as compared to either stimuli outside that domain, or within-domain stimuli that have been degraded or distorted in some way. however, we do not understand how experts process degradation or distortion of stimuli within the expert domain (e.g., a face with the eyes, nose, and mouth in the wrong positions, or a chessboard with pieces placed randomly). focusing on the doma ...	2013	24348371
cooperation, quorum sensing, and evolution of virulence in staphylococcus aureus.	the virulence and fitness in vivo of the major human pathogen staphylococcus aureus are associated with a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism known as quorum sensing (qs). qs coordinates the production of virulence factors via the production and sensing of autoinducing peptide (aip) signal molecules by the agr locus. here we show, in a wax moth larva virulence model, that (i) qs in s. aureus is a cooperative social trait that provides a benefit to the local population of cells, (ii) agr mutants, wh ...	2014	24343650
cortical and hippocampal correlates of deliberation during model-based decisions for rewards in humans.	how do we use our memories of the past to guide decisions we've never had to make before? although extensive work describes how the brain learns to repeat rewarded actions, decisions can also be influenced by associations between stimuli or events not directly involving reward - such as when planning routes using a cognitive map or chess moves using predicted countermoves - and these sorts of associations are critical when deciding among novel options. this process is known as model-based decisi ...	2013	24339770
muscle nuclei remember to cheat death.		2013	24339150
fat signal suppression for coronary mra at 3t using a water-selective adiabatic t2 -preparation technique.	to improve fat saturation in coronary mra at 3t by using a spectrally selective adiabatic t2 -prep (wsa-t2 -prep).	2014	24285603
necessity is the mother of invention: video recording firsthand perspectives of critical medical procedures to make simulated training more effective.	the traditional apprenticeship model for training doctors requires ample opportunities in the clinic for trainees to learn core procedures under the supervision of skilled doctors. in this issue, kyser and colleagues document that the learning opportunities for residents to master certain core procedures, such as forceps and vacuum deliveries, are insufficient in many teaching hospitals. to address this serious problem, this author argues that learning techniques (i.e., deliberate practice and s ...	2014	24280862
self-serving altruism? the lure of unethical actions that benefit others.	in three experiments, we propose and find that individuals cheat more when others can benefit from their cheating and when the number of beneficiaries of wrongdoing increases. our results indicate that people use moral flexibility to justify their self-interested actions when such actions benefit others in addition to the self. namely, our findings suggest that when people's dishonesty would benefit others, they are more likely to view dishonesty as morally acceptable and thus feel less guilty a ...	2013	24273360
chess improves cancer caregivers' burden and mood: results of an ehealth rct.	informal caregivers (family and friends) of people with cancer are often unprepared for their caregiving role, leading to increased burden or distress. comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess) is a web-based lung cancer information, communication, and coaching system for caregivers. this randomized trial reports the impact on caregiver burden, disruptiveness, and mood of providing caregivers access to chess versus the internet with a list of recommended lung cancer websites.	2014	24245838
solo hand surgery.	unassisted hand surgery is being undertaken by necessity for both elective and emergency cases, due to hospital resource restrictions. the authors outline the principles of local anesthesia, surgeon-controlled tourniquet techniques, and a number of new instruments which allow a surgeon to work in comfort and safety, unassisted. the traditional surgical instruments designed for the days when trained surgical assistants were available to hold them are no longer suitable. we are entering a new era ...	2005	24223015
recall of rapidly presented random chess positions is a function of skill.	a widely cited result asserts that experts' superiority over novices in recalling meaningful material from their domain of expertise vanishes when they are confronted with random material. a review of recent chess experiments in which random positions served as control material (presentation time between 3 and 10 sec) shows, however, that strong players generally maintain some superiority over weak players even with random positions, although the relative difference between skill levels is much ...	1996	24213863
supporting nurses' decisions with a multi-attribute model for patient health evaluation.	nurses are required to make many important decisions, for instance on determining the level of the nursing problem, setting nursing diagnoses and interventions. the model presented in this paper is a tool for better and easier decision making is such situations. multi-attribute modeling of patients' basic living activities is used for evaluation and explanation of their health status. it offers also visualization and quantification of the data which facilitate decision making in the framework of ...	2012	24199115
effect of exercising while fasting on eating behaviors and food intake.	alternate day fasting combined with exercise is effective for weight loss.	2013	24176020
case study in psychobiographical ethics.	this article addresses ethical issues relative to the conduct and reporting of psychobiographical research. the author's recent psychobiographical study of world chess champion bobby fischer (1943-2008) is used to illustrate particular ethical challenges and responses in six areas: (1) institutional review board (irb) evaluation and informed consent; (2) balancing objective research with respect for psychobiographical subject; (3) inviting subject or next-of-kin to read and comment on working dr ...	2013	24169418
bird brood parasitism.	for many animals, the effort to rear their young is considerable. in birds, this often includes building nests, incubating eggs, feeding the chicks, and protecting them from predators. perhaps for this reason, about 1% of birds (around 100 species) save themselves the effort and cheat instead. they are obligate brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species and leaving the hosts or foster parents to rear the foreign chicks for them. some birds also cheat on individuals of the s ...	2013	24156805
the impact of dopamine on aggression: an [18f]-fdopa pet study in healthy males.	cerebral dopamine (da) transmission is thought to be an important modulator for the development and occurrence of aggressive behavior. however, the link between aggression and da transmission in humans has not been investigated using molecular imaging and standardized behavioral tasks. we investigated aggression as a function of da transmission in a group of (n = 21) healthy male volunteers undergoing 6-[18f]-fluoro-l-dopa (fdopa)-positron emission tomography (pet) and a modified version of the ...	2013	24155295
toward an evolutionary definition of cheating.	the term "cheating" is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe a wide range of exploitative or deceitful traits. although many find this a useful short hand, others have suggested that it implies cognitive intent in a misleading way, and is used inconsistently. we provide a formal justification of the use of the term "cheat" from the perspective of an individual as a maximizing agent. we provide a definition for cheating that can be applied widely, and show that cheats can ...	2014	24131102
the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the einstellung effect in chess: evidence from eye movements.	in a wide range of problem-solving settings, the presence of a familiar solution can block the discovery of better solutions (i.e., the einstellung effect). to investigate this effect, we monitored the eye movements of expert and novice chess players while they solved chess problems that contained a familiar move (i.e., the einstellung move), as well as an optimal move that was located in a different region of the board. when the einstellung move was an advantageous (but suboptimal) move, both t ...	2013	24124515
extracurricular interest as a resilience building block for children affected by parental hiv/aids.	parental illness and death due to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) impose challenges to children's psychological adjustment. positive psychology emphasizes individual's resilience in the face of adversity, trauma, and tragedy. limited data are available regarding the factors that can cultivate resilience of children affected by hiv/aids. this study aims to examine the role of extracurricular interest in strengthening resilience among children affected by ...	2014	24107136
exploring the brains of baduk (go) experts: gray matter morphometry, resting-state functional connectivity, and graph theoretical analysis.	one major characteristic of experts is intuitive judgment, which is an automatic process whereby patterns stored in memory through long-term training are recognized. indeed, long-term training may influence brain structure and function. a recent study revealed that chess experts at rest showed differences in structure and functional connectivity (fc) in the head of caudate, which is associated with rapid best next-move generation. however, less is known about the structure and function of the br ...	2013	24106471
possible role of an error detection mechanism in brain processing of deception: pet-fmri study.	to investigate brain maintenance of deliberate deception the positron emission tomography and the event related functional mri studies were performed. we used an experimental paradigm that presupposed free choices between equally beneficial deceptive or honest actions. experimental task simulated the "cheat" card game which aims to defeat an opponent by sequential deceptive and honest claims. results of both the pet and the fmri studies revealed that execution of both deliberately deceptive and ...	2013	24100194
effective connectivity reveals strategy differences in an expert calculator.	mathematical reasoning is a core component of cognition and the study of experts defines the upper limits of human cognitive abilities, which is why we are fascinated by peak performers, such as chess masters and mental calculators. here, we investigated the neural bases of calendrical skills, i.e. the ability to rapidly identify the weekday of a particular date, in a gifted mental calculator who does not fall in the autistic spectrum, using functional mri. graph-based mapping of effective conne ...	2013	24086291
the ergonomics of dishonesty: the effect of incidental posture on stealing, cheating, and traffic violations.	research in environmental sciences has found that the ergonomic design of human-made environments influences thought, feeling, and action. in the research reported here, we examined the impact of physical environments on dishonest behavior. in four studies, we tested whether certain bodily configurations-or postures-incidentally imposed by the environment led to increases in dishonest behavior. the first three experiments showed that individuals who assumed expansive postures (either consciously ...	2013	24068113
a prototype direct-detection ccd for protein crystallography.	the fabrication and testing of a prototype deep-depletion direct-conversion x-ray ccd detector are described. the device is fabricated on 600 µm-thick high-resistivity silicon, with 24 × 24 µm pixels in a 4k × 4k pixel format. calibration measurements and the results of initial protein crystallography experiments at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) f1 beamline are described, as well as suggested improvements for future versions of the detector.	2013	24046505
predictive modeling of addiction lapses in a mobile health application.	the chronically relapsing nature of alcoholism leads to substantial personal, family, and societal costs. addiction-comprehensive health enhancement support system (a-chess) is a smartphone application that aims to reduce relapse. to offer targeted support to patients who are at risk of lapses within the coming week, a bayesian network model to predict such events was constructed using responses on 2,934 weekly surveys (called the weekly check-in) from 152 alcohol-dependent individuals who recen ...	2014	24035143
the temporo-parietal junction contributes to global gestalt perception-evidence from studies in chess experts.	in a recent neuroimaging study the comparison of intact vs. disturbed perception of global gestalt indicated a significant role of the temporo-parietal junction (tpj) in the intact perception of global gestalt (huberle and karnath, 2012). this location corresponded well with the areas known to be damaged or impaired in patients with simultanagnosia after stroke or due to neurodegenerative diseases. it was concluded that the tpj plays an important role in the integration of individual items to a ...	2013	24009574
the cheater's high: the unexpected affective benefits of unethical behavior.	many theories of moral behavior assume that unethical behavior triggers negative affect. in this article, we challenge this assumption and demonstrate that unethical behavior can trigger positive affect, which we term a "cheater's high." across 6 studies, we find that even though individuals predict they will feel guilty and have increased levels of negative affect after engaging in unethical behavior (studies 1a and 1b), individuals who cheat on different problem-solving tasks consistently expe ...	2013	24000799
frequency-selective fat suppression radiofrequency pulse train to remove olefinic fats.	chess pulse can suppress the signal originating from aliphatic fat protons but cannot suppress the signal from olefinic fat protons, which is near the resonance frequency of water protons. adipose tissue contains various fat species; aliphatic fat comprises about 90 % and olefinic fat about 10 % of adipose tissue. thus, chess pulse cannot be used to suppress the signal from adipose tissue completely. the purpose of this study was to find a method to suppress the signal from adipose tissue comple ...	2013	23990698
dead-baby dreams, transfiguration and recovery from infant death trauma in northeast brazil.	maternal reactions to infant death in northeast brazil have been at the epicenter of anthropological debate since the 1980s. this ethnographic study of 45 death narratives by bereaved mothers collected from 1979-1989 in pacatuba, ceará, brazil, refutes existing claims of mothers' "selective neglect" and "indifference" towards sick babies and emotionally empty grief response. i argue that through dead-baby dreams--and their imaginary transfiguration-grieving mothers alleviate infant death trauma. ...	2013	23988325
effects of intravenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis and episodic hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized double-blind study.	episodic hepatic encephalopathy is frequently precipitated by factors that induce circulatory dysfunction, cause oxidative stress-mediated damage or enhance astrocyte swelling. the administration of albumin could modify these factors and improve the outcome of hepatic encephalopathy. the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of albumin in a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov number, nct00886925).	2013	23872605
erp to chess stimuli reveal expert-novice differences in the amplitudes of n2 and p3 components.	erp experiments were conducted to analyze the underlying neural events when chess players make simple judgments of a board position. fourteen expert players and 14 age-matched novices viewed, for each of four tasks, 128 unique positions on a mini (4 × 4) chess board each presented for 0.5 s. the tasks were to respond: (a) if white king was in check, (b) if black knight was present, (c) if white king was not in check, and (d) if no black knight was present. experts showed an enhanced n2 with chec ...	2013	23837745
indelible distrust: memory bias toward cheaters revealed as high persistence against extinction.	our ability to learn about the reputations of others-that is, who is likely to cooperate versus cheat-contributes greatly to cooperativeness in society. there has been recent debate whether humans employ memory bias favoring cheaters (i.e., there is an evolved module for the detection of cheaters) or whether no such bias exists (i.e., reputation learning is flexibly modulated by contextual factors). we report 3 experiments that address this issue by comparing persistence against extinction-which ...	2013	23773183
reverse deterrence in racial profiling: increased transgressions by nonprofiled whites.	a controlled experiment tested the possibility that racial profiling-disproportionate scrutiny of a minority racial group by sanctioned authorities-would have a "reverse deterrent" effect on the illicit behavior of members of a nonprofiled majority group. research participants given a task involving extremely difficult anagrams were given the opportunity to cheat. white participants randomly assigned to a condition in which two black confederates were obtrusively singled out for scrutiny by the ...	2013	23772918
evolutionary stability and resistance to cheating in an indirect reciprocity model based on reputation.	indirect reciprocity is one of the main mechanisms to explain the emergence and sustainment of altruism in societies. the standard approach to indirect reciprocity is reputation models. these are games in which players base their decisions on their opponent's reputation gained in past interactions with other players (moral assessment). the combination of actions and moral assessment leads to a large diversity of strategies; thus determining the stability of any of them against invasions by all t ...	2013	23767587
antiviral stockpiles for influenza pandemics from the household perspective: treatment alone versus treatment with prophylaxis.	model-based studies of antiviral use to mitigate the impact of moderate and severe influenza pandemics implicitly take the viewpoint of a central public health authority. however, it seems likely that the key decision of when to use antivirals will be made at the household level. we used a stochastic compartmental model of the transmission of influenza within and between households to evaluate the expected mortality under two strategies: households saving available antivirals for treatment only ...	2012	23746802
lingering fat signals with chess in simultaneous imaging of both hands can be improved with rice pads in both 1.5t and 3.0t.	to investigate whether rice pads can eliminate lingering fat signals of the complex surface shape of both hands that occur with chemical shift selective (chess) at 1.5t and 3.0t.	2013	23743055
unraveling the soul of autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment adding dowels to the puzzle.	the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (ads) is characterized by a complex interaction between genetic, immune defects, environmental and hormonal factors. the concept of "mosaic of autoimmunity" deals with the multi-factorial origin and diversity of expression of ads in humans. genetic leads to a predisposition in developing an autoimmune syndrome, but the presence of an external or endogenous environmental factor, recently called "exposome," is essential in triggering the immune response. inf ...	2013	23733136
differentiation of chinese liquors by using ambient glow discharge ionization mass spectrometry.	chinese liquors are often a very important part of social event in china. driven by high profit, some illegal traders often use inferior liquors instead of the products with high quality to cheat the customer. therefore, it is highly required to authenticate chinese liquors. in this paper a novel method based on ambient glow discharge ionization mass spectrometry has been developed to differentiate chinese liquors. volatile components from liquor samples were ionized by the plasma generated by g ...	2013	23689281
the effect of whole body vibration exposure on muscle function in children with cystic fibrosis: a pilot efficacy trial.	to examine the effects of whole body vibration (wbv) exposure on muscle function in children with cystic fibrosis (cf). non-randomised controlled cross-over trial.	2013	23671546
differential impact of hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life and brain metabolite abnormalities in cirrhosis.	hyponatremia (hn) and hepatic encephalopathy (he) together can impair health-related quality of life (hrqol) and cognition in cirrhosis. we aimed at studying the effect of hyponatremia on cognition, hrqol, and brain mr spectroscopy (mrs) independent of he.	2013	23665182
[collaboration between knmvd and the hague. it is playing chess on several boards at once].		2013	23638551
gender differences in intellectual performance persist at the limits of individual capabilities.	males predominate at the top in chess, and chess is a useful domain to investigate possible causes of gender differences in high achievement. opportunity, interest and extent of practice can be controlled for. organized chess has objective performance measures, extensive longitudinal population-level data and little gatekeeper influence. previous studies of gender differences in chess performance have not controlled adequately for females on average playing fewer rated games and dropping out at ...	2014	23631890
power and temptation cause shifts between exploitation and cooperation in a cleaner wrasse mutualism.	in many instances of cooperation, only one individual has both the potential and the incentive to 'cheat' and exploit its partner. under these asymmetric conditions, a simple model predicts that variation in the temptation to cheat and in the potential victim's capacity for partner control leads to shifts between exploitation and cooperation. here, we show that the threat of early termination of an interaction was sufficient to induce cleaner wrasse labroides dimidiatus to feed selectively again ...	2013	23615288
vividness of the future self predicts delinquency.	the tendency to live in the here and now, and the failure to think through the delayed consequences of behavior, is one of the strongest individual-level correlates of delinquency. we tested the hypothesis that this correlation results from a limited ability to imagine one's self in the future, which leads to opting for immediate gratification. strengthening the vividness of the future self should therefore reduce involvement in delinquency. we tested and found support for this hypothesis in two ...	2013	23592649
there's no single endgame.	'endgame' is a term from chess, a complex game with a simple objective: to checkmate the king. tobacco control is not so simple. we do not have one uniform agreed objective but a multiplicity of goals some of which may be incompatible. we are not playing a global game of chess, but a multiplicity of battles and skirmishes played out with different rules and on different terrains. this paper examines these issues and goes on to summarise the situation in england and what the endgame will mean in ...	2013	23591506
microbial genomes as cheat sheets.		2013	23563106
meta-analysis of age and skill effects on recalling chess positions and selecting the best move.	a meta-analysis was conducted of studies that measured the effects of both age and skill in chess on the tasks of selecting the best move for chess positions (the best move task) as well as recalling chess game positions (the recall task). despite a small sample of studies, we demonstrated that there are age and skill effects on both tasks: age being negatively associated with performance on both tasks and skill being positively associated with performance on both tasks. on the best move task, w ...	2013	23508364
intertemporal bargaining predicts moral behavior, even in anonymous, one-shot economic games.	to the extent that acting fairly is in an individual’s long-term interest, short-term impulses to cheat present a self-control problem. the only effective solution is to interpret the problem as a variant of repeated prisoner’s dilemma, with each choice as a test case predicting future choices. moral choice appears to be the product of a contract because it comes from self-enforcing intertemporal cooperation.	2013	23445575
the effects of participation in leisure activities on neuropsychiatric symptoms of persons with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study.	people with cognitive impairment have been shown to engage in few structured activities. during periods of unoccupied time or boredom, these patients most likely manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms.	2013	23411009
the burden of guilt: heavy backpacks, light snacks, and enhanced morality.	drawing on the embodied simulation account of emotional information processing, we argue that the physical experience of weight is associated with the emotional experience of guilt and thus that weight intensifies the experience of guilt. across 4 studies, we found that participants who wore a heavy backpack experienced higher levels of guilt compared to those who wore a light backpack. additionally, wearing a heavy backpack affected participants' behavior. specifically, it led them to be more l ...	2014	23398182
move-by-move dynamics of the advantage in chess matches reveals population-level learning of the game.	the complexity of chess matches has attracted broad interest since its invention. this complexity and the availability of large number of recorded matches make chess an ideal model systems for the study of population-level learning of a complex system. we systematically investigate the move-by-move dynamics of the white player's advantage from over seventy thousand high level chess matches spanning over 150 years. we find that the average advantage of the white player is positive and that it has ...	2013	23382876
an ehealth system supporting palliative care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial.	in this study, the authors examined the effectiveness of an online support system (comprehensive health enhancement support system [chess]) versus the internet in relieving physical symptom distress in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc).	2013	23355273
academic disintegrity among medical students: a randomised response technique study.	medical students, as tomorrow's doctors, are responsible for their patients' health; cheating may affect their academic knowledge and clinical skills. the main purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of and attitudes towards academic disintegrity among medical students at tehran university of medical sciences (tums).	2013	23323653
practice other than playing games apparently has only a modest role in the development of chess expertise.	evidence that chess expertise rests on practice alone mostly comes from studies using a correlational retrospective recall paradigm, which confounds amount of study with number of games played and possible innate talent. researchers also often use latest performance rating and include participants who play and study little. study 1 partially replicated such studies with improvements such as use of peak rating and a large, skilled sample. number of internationally-rated games played was the stron ...	2013	23320441
visual search in ecological and non-ecological displays: evidence for a non-monotonic effect of complexity on performance.	considerable research has been carried out on visual search, with single or multiple targets. however, most studies have used artificial stimuli with low ecological validity. in addition, little is known about the effects of target complexity and expertise in visual search. here, we investigate visual search in three conditions of complexity (detecting a king, detecting a check, and detecting a checkmate) with chess players of two levels of expertise (novices and club players). results show that ...	2013	23320084
how patients recovering from alcoholism use a smartphone intervention.	objective: mobile technology has the potential to radically improve addiction treatment and continuing care by offering emotional and instrumental support anywhere and just in time. this is particularly important in addiction because timing is critical to preventing relapse. although most experts consider alcoholism to be a chronic disease, providers do not typically offer ongoing support for relapse prevention after patients complete treatment, even though a central characteristic of alcoholism ...	2012	23316127
an e-health solution for people with alcohol problems.	self-management of chronic diseases has been a research focus for years. information and communication technologies (icts) have played a significant role in aiding patients and their families with that management task. the recent dramatic increase in smartphone capabilities has expanded the potential of these technologies by facilitating the integration of features specific to cell phones with advanced capabilities that extend the reach of what type of information can be assessed and which servi ...	2011	23293549
accuracy and consensus in judgments of trustworthiness from faces: behavioral and neural correlates.	perceivers' inferences about individuals based on their faces often show high interrater consensus and can even accurately predict behavior in some domains. here we investigated the consensus and accuracy of judgments of trustworthiness. in study 1, we showed that the type of photo judged makes a significant difference for whether an individual is judged as trustworthy. in study 2, we found that inferences of trustworthiness made from the faces of corporate criminals did not differ from inferenc ...	2013	23276271
mutations to the pirna pathway component aubergine enhance meiotic drive of segregation distorter in drosophila melanogaster.	diploid sexual reproduction involves segregation of allelic pairs, ensuring equal representation of genotypes in the gamete pool. some genes, however, are able to "cheat" the system by promoting their own transmission. the segregation distorter (sd) locus in drosophila melanogaster males is one of the best-studied examples of this type of phenomenon. in this system the presence of sd on one copy of chromosome 2 results in dysfunction of the non-sd-bearing (sd(+)) sperm and almost exclusive trans ...	2013	23267055
pairing context determines condition-dependence of song rate in a monogamous passerine bird.	condition-dependence of male ornaments is thought to provide honest signals on which females can base their sexual choice for genetic quality. recent studies show that condition-dependence patterns can vary within populations. although long-term association is thought to promote honest signalling, no study has explored the influence of pairing context on the condition-dependence of male ornaments. in this study, we assessed the influence of natural variation in body condition on song rate in zeb ...	2013	23256191
'checkmating hiv&aids': using chess to break the silence in the classroom.	in this article, i give an account of my 'checkmating hiv&aids' action research project, which was an attempt to break the 'culture of silence' concerning hiv&aids and sex and sexuality in my classroom. in this project, i focused specifically on one code of sport, namely chess, and i point out and discuss the potential of using chess as an educational tool in addressing hiv&aids. it was found that learners enjoy playing chess and that it can be used in the life orientation classroom to promote h ...	2012	23234377
visual acuity evaluated by pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential is affected by check size/visual angle.	to systemically explore the range of visual angles that affect visual acuity, and to establish the relationship between the p1 component (peak latency ~100 ms) of the pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential (prvep) and the visual acuity at particular visual angles.	2012	23225314
you can't beat experience, but you can cheat it.		2013	23218884
enhanced fat suppression technique for breast imaging.	to evaluate a new fat suppression technique using multiple fat suppression pulses intended for breast dynamic contrast-enhanced (dce) imaging using segmented three-dimensional fast field echo (ffe).	2013	23172831
magnetization exchange observed in human skeletal muscle by non-water-suppressed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	many metabolites in the proton magnetic resonance spectrum undergo magnetization exchange with water, such as those in the downfield region (6.0-8.5 ppm) and the upfield peaks of creatine, which can be measured to reveal additional information about the molecular environment. in addition, these resonances are attenuated by conventional water suppression techniques complicating detection and quantification. to characterize these metabolites in human skeletal muscle in vivo at 3 t, metabolite cycl ...	2013	23172828
biodegradation of ivory (natural apatite): possible involvement of fungal activity in biodeterioration of the lewis chessmen.	fungal biodeterioration of ivory was investigated with in vitro inoculation of samples obtained from boar and walrus tusks with the fungi aspergillus niger and serpula himantioides, species of known geoactive abilities. a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy together with associated analytical techniques was used to characterize fungal interactions with the ivory, including changes in ivory composition, dissolution and tunnelling, and the formation of new biominerals. the resear ...	2013	23157656
symmetry breaking and optical negative index of closed nanorings.	metamaterials have extraordinary abilities, such as imaging beyond the diffraction limit and invisibility. many metamaterials are based on split-ring structures, however, like atomic orbital currents, it has long been believed that closed rings cannot produce negative refractive index. here we report a low-loss and polarization-independent negative-index metamaterial made solely of closed metallic nanorings. using symmetry breaking that negatively couples the discrete nanorings, we measured nega ...	2012	23149726
triathlon: how to mentally prepare for the big race.	with the mastery of 3 sports required, a triathlon can be a daunting mental challenge. some liken a triathlon to a physical game of chess. a triathlete must mentally assess their physical ability across 3 sports against their competitors, the environment, and, most of all, themselves. the mental preparation required for a triathlon is often minimized, but its importance should not be underestimated. appropriate mental planning should be carried out during training. the need for nutrition, race p ...	2012	23147092
when cheating would make you a cheater: implicating the self prevents unethical behavior.	in 3 experiments using 2 different paradigms, people were less likely to cheat for personal gain when a subtle change in phrasing framed such behavior as diagnostic of an undesirable identity. participants were given the opportunity to claim money they were not entitled to at the experimenters' expense; instructions referred to cheating with either language that was designed to highlight the implications of cheating for the actor's identity (e.g., "please don't be a cheater") or language that fo ...	2013	23127418
predictors of the change in the expression of emotional support within an online breast cancer support group: a longitudinal study.	to explore how the expression of emotional support in an online breast cancer support group changes over time, and what factors predict this pattern of change.	2013	23122429
clinical outcomes of a novel, family-centered partial hospitalization program for young patients with eating disorders.	eating disorders (ed) in children and younger adolescents are becoming more evident, but there is a small evidence base for their management in this population. we hypothesized that a new family-centered partial hospital program for young patients would be effective in promoting weight gain, as well as improvement in psychiatric symptoms.	2012	23086252
the tell-tale heart: heart rate fluctuations index objective and subjective events during a game of chess.	during a decision-making process, the body changes. these somatic changes have been related to specific cognitive events and also have been postulated to assist decision-making indexing possible outcomes of different options. we used chess to analyze heart rate (hr) modulations on specific cognitive events. in a chess game, players have a limited time-budget to make about 40 moves (decisions) that can be objectively evaluated and retrospectively assigned to specific subjectively perceived events ...	2012	23060777
inhibition of irrelevant information is not necessary to performance of expert chess players.	some studies on expertise have demonstrated that the difference between novices and experts can be partly due to a lack of knowledge about which information is relevant for a given situation. this lack of knowledge seems to be associated with the selection of correct information and with inhibitory processes. however, while the efficiency of inhibitory processes can lead to better performance in the normal population, it seems that experts in chess do not base their performance on this process b ...	2012	23033745
plant kin recognition enhances abundance of symbiotic microbial partner.	the stability of cooperative interactions among different species can be compromised by cheating. in the plant-mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis, a single mycorrhizal network may interact with many plants, providing the opportunity for individual plants to cheat by obtaining nutrients from the fungi without donating carbon. here we determine whether kin selection may favour plant investment in the mycorrhizal network, reducing the incentive to cheat when relatives interact with a single network.	2012	23029158
comparing frailty measures in their ability to predict adverse outcome among older residents of assisted living.	few studies have directly compared the competing approaches to identifying frailty in more vulnerable older populations. we examined the ability of two versions of a frailty index (43 vs. 83 items), the cardiovascular health study (chs) frailty criteria, and the chess scale to accurately predict the occurrence of three outcomes among assisted living (al) residents followed over one year.	2012	22978265
pollination: the price of attraction.	nectar is the major currency bringing together plants and pollinators; yet the costs and benefits of nectar production remain poorly understood. a low nectar line developed in petunia offers an innovative approach to this problem and may offer clues to why some plants cheat and secure pollination via deception.	2012	22974993
honesty requires time (and lack of justifications).	recent research suggests that refraining from cheating in tempting situations requires self-control, which indicates that serving self-interest is an automatic tendency. however, evidence also suggests that people cheat to the extent that they can justify their unethical behavior to themselves. to merge these different lines of research, we adopted a dual-system approach that distinguished between the intuitive and deliberative cognitive systems. we suggest that for people to restrict their dish ...	2012	22972904
coevolution of trustful buyers and cooperative sellers in the trust game.	many online marketplaces enjoy great success. buyers and sellers in successful markets carry out cooperative transactions even if they do not know each other in advance and a moral hazard exists. an indispensable component that enables cooperation in such social dilemma situations is the reputation system. under the reputation system, a buyer can avoid transacting with a seller with a bad reputation. a transaction in online marketplaces is better modeled by the trust game than other social dilem ...	2012	22970176
out of mind, out of heart: attention affects duration of emotional experience.	it has been suggested that the extent to which a person maintains attention to pleasant versus unpleasant aspects of a given stimulus has an effect on the self-reported affective state. this assumption was empirically tested in two experiments. in study 1, participants received the instruction either to focus on a positive emotion-eliciting event (winning a tournament chess game) or to focus their attention on an affectively neutral distraction task (describing drawings). study 2 used negative p ...	2013	22963519
signing at the beginning makes ethics salient and decreases dishonest self-reports in comparison to signing at the end.	many written forms required by businesses and governments rely on honest reporting. proof of honest intent is typically provided through signature at the end of, e.g., tax returns or insurance policy forms. still, people sometimes cheat to advance their financial self-interests-at great costs to society. we test an easy-to-implement method to discourage dishonesty: signing at the beginning rather than at the end of a self-report, thereby reversing the order of the current practice. using laborat ...	2012	22927408
relationship power, control, and dating violence among latina girls.	we drew on the theory of gender and power and grounded theory methodology to explore how 18 latina girls conceptualized power and control within their heterosexual dating relationships. our findings indicate that boys/men used a number of strategies to control girls, including: regulating appearances and behaviors; cheating and threatening to cheat; and physical and sexual violence. girls used a variety of strategies to resist these attempts to control them, including: lying, flirting, and cheat ...	2012	22926188
iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) of the wrist and finger at 3t: comparison with chemical shift selective fat suppression images.	to compare fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (mri) quality using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) with that using chemical shift selective fat-suppressed t1-weighted spin-echo (chess) images for evaluating rheumatoid arthritis (ra) lesions of the hand and finger at 3t.	2013	22911970
temperament: then and now.	one of many publications emanating from the new york longitudinal study (nyls), the prospective study of stella chess, alexander thomas, and mahin hassibi of six cases of depression during childhood and adolescence, which appeared in the journal of nervous and mental disease in 1983, provides an opportunity to reflect on the climate in which the nyls was conceived and conducted. its methodology is reviewed, and principle findings are summarized. in the more than 50 years since the inception of t ...	2012	22850299
simulating multiple character interactions with collaborative and adversarial goals.	this paper proposes a new methodology for synthesizing animations of multiple characters, allowing them to intelligently compete with one another in dense environments, while still satisfying requirements set by an animator. to achieve these two conflicting objectives simultaneously, our method separately evaluates the competition and collaboration of the interactions, integrating the scores to select an action that maximizes both criteria. we extend the idea of min-max search, normally used for ...	2012	22844676
allergen of the month--downy chess.		2012	22840262