Publications

the effect of diet fed to lambs on subsequent development of trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae in vitro and on pasture.	contrasting herbage diets were fed to lambs to evaluate their effect on subsequent development of trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae in faeces and on pasture. the diets had either no condensed tannin (ct), lucerne (medicago sativa cv. otaio), white clover (trifolium repens cv. tahora), or had moderate to high concentrations of ct, sulla (hedysarum coronarium cv. grassland aokau), lotus corniculatus (cv. grasslands goldie), l. pedunculatus (cv. grassland maku), dorycnium pentophyllum, and dory ...	2002	11983303
influence of flavor on goat feeding preferences.	goat feeding preferences for straw pellets flavored with ryegrass (lolium perenne, cv. belida) or white clover (trifolium repens, cv. huia) aromatic extracts, obtained by means of a cold aromatic extraction method, were assessed with cafeteria trials. prior to the trials, odor differences between the two plant species, the two aromatic extracts, and the straw pellets sprayed with the two aromatic extracts were verified using sensory analysis performed by 30 human panelists. since odor difference ...	2002	11925067
spatial and time distribution of dairy cattle excreta in an intensive pasture system.	this study determined distribution of feces and urine from 36 lactating dairy cattle (bos taurus) managed in a rotationally grazed 0.74-ha endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) pasture. cows were observed for 24 h five times from july 1997 to april 1998, and for 13.5 h in september 1997. during each 24-h observation period, the first grazing period (12 h) used 54% of the paddock and the second grazing period (8 h) used the entire paddock. tim ...	2001	11790030
transgenic white clover. studies with the auxin-responsive promoter, gh3, in root gravitropism and lateral root development.	we report improved method for white clover (trifolium repens) transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens. high efficiencies of transgenic plant production were achieved using cotyledons of imbibed mature seed. transgenic plants were recovered routinely from over 50% of treated cotyledons. the bar gene and phosphinothricin selection was shown to be a more effective selection system than nptii (kanamycin selection) or aada (spectinomycin selection). white clover was transformed with the soybea ...	1996	11539555
direct amplification of nodd from community dna reveals the genetic diversity of rhizobium leguminosarum in soil.	sequences of nodd, a gene found only in rhizobia, were amplified from total community dna isolated from a pasture soil. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers used, y5 and y6, match nodd from rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii, r. leguminosarum biovar viciae and sinorhizobium meliloti. the pcr product was cloned and yielded 68 clones that were identified by restriction pattern as derived from biovar trifolii [11 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) types] and 15 clones ident ...	2001	11472501
flavonoids induced in cells undergoing nodule organogenesis in white clover are regulators of auxin breakdown by peroxidase.	it was tested whether flavonoids that specifically accumulate in cells undergoing early nodule organogenesis could affect auxin turnover by a peroxidase to explain local changes in auxin distribution that occur during nodule formation in white clover (trifolium repens cv. haifa). a fluorometric assay was developed to determine the kinetics of indoleacetic acid (iaa) breakdown rates by a horseradish peroxidase in vitro. three flavonoid compounds, which had previously been localized and identified ...	2001	11326048
cloning and expression of a down-regulated gene (trenoddr1) of white clover responded by the nod genes derived from rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain 4s.	the nodulation genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii 4s (strain 4s) were cloned into cosmid vector plafr1 named pc4s8 which was contained nodnmlfedabcij and a part of nodt as an insert. the pc4s8 was transferred to strain h1, sym plasmid (prt4sa) cured strain of strain 4s, and isolated as tc resistant and nodulation restored mutant, strain h1(pc4s8). during infection process of this strain, visible symbiotic features, such as root hair curling (hac), root hair deformation (had) and infec ...	2001	11290421
the effect of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) and white clover (trifolium repens) in mixed pasture swards on incoming and established nematode infections in young lambs.	lotus corniculatus l., a leguminous plant containing condensed tannins, is now being evaluated in sweden as a component of mixed pastures. this is because of its high nutritive value, palatability, modest requirement for water, calcium and phosphorous and particularly because it has the ability to survive harsh weather conditions that typify northern scandinavia. this trial was undertaken to assess the possible parasitological benefits of using l. corniculatus when fed as a minor component in a ...	2000	11234969
portal net appearance of amino acids in growing pigs fed a barley-based diet with inclusion of three different forage meals.	the net absorption of amino acids (aa) in young pigs fed a barley-based control diet (c) and diets where barley was replaced by 200 g/kg fresh weight of dried lucerne (medicago sativa; l20), white clover (trifolium repens; w20) or perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne; pr20) meal was studied. castrated male pigs were fitted with permanent catheters in the hepatic portal vein and mesenteric artery, and the hepatic portal net absorption of aa was estimated from the porto-arterial plasma concentration ...	2000	11103219
transgenic trifolium repens with foliage accumulating the high sulphur protein, sunflower seed albumin.	with the aim of increasing the rumen-protected level of the sulphur amino acids cysteine and methionine in trifolium repens, we introduced the coding sequence of the sunflower seed albumin (ssa) into t. repens by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. the ssa gene was modified such that the protein would be localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (er). four different t-dna constructions all containing the ssa gene driven by either the promoter of a gene encoding the small subunit of r ...	2000	10951694
forage systems for production of stocker steers in the upper south.	the southern states produce large numbers of beef calves that are generally weaned and sold in autumn. keeping calves in this region beyond weaning to graze high-quality forages through a stocker cattle phase could improve profitability. autumn-weaned angus crossbred steers were allocated by breeding and weight to four forage systems that began in mid-november and continued through mid-october as follows: system 1, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l ...	2000	10907841
engineering the active center of the 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase from lactococcus lactis.	several amino acids in the active center of the 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase from lactococcus lactis were replaced by the corresponding residues in homologous enzymes of glycosidase family 1 with different specificities. three mutants, w429a, k435v/y437f and s428d/ k435v/y437f, were constructed. w429a was found to have an improved specificity for glucosides compared with the wild-type, consistent with the theory that the amino acid at this position is relevant for the distinction between galacto ...	2000	10906347
effect of breed and age on the voluntary intake and the micromineral status of non-pregnant sheep. ii. micromineral status.	twenty-four non-pregnant sheep, divided into four groups of six animals each, were used to test breed (suffolk and rambouillet) and age (mature (six years old) and yearling (16 months old) ewes) differences in micromineral status. the animals grazed alternatively two mixed pastures containing trifolium repens latum, lolium perenne and pennisetum clandestinum from 07:00 to 16:30hours, and remained penned overnight. hand-plucked forage samples, blood and wool samples were collected on days 1 (exce ...	2000	10867321
effect of breed and age on the voluntary intake and the micromineral status of non-pregnant sheep. 1. estimation of voluntary intake.	twenty-four sheep were used to test breed and age differences in voluntary intake (vi). the sheep were divided into four groups of six animals each: suffolk mature ewes (sm), suffolk yearlings (sy), rambouillet mature ewes (rm), and rambouillet yearlings (ry). the animals grazed alternatively two mixed pastures containing trifolium repens latum, lolium perenne and pennisetum clandestinum from 07:00 to 16:30 hours and remained penned overnight. voluntary intake was estimated using chromic sesquio ...	2000	10867320
the effect of breed slaughter weight and nutritional management on cholesterol content of lamb carcasses.	this study was carried out to assess the effect of breed, sex, post-weaning nutrition, live weight at slaughter and their interactions on the cholesterol content in carcass fat of lambs. the carcasses were obtained from lambs of three indigenous greek dairy breeds of sheep, the boutsko (b), serres (s) and karagouniko (k) breed. after weaning (at approximately 42 days), the lambs of the three breeds had been reared under different conditions of housing and nutritional management in three consecut ...	2000	10781744
ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs of barley-based diets with inclusion of lucerne (medicago sativa), white clover (trifolium repens), red clover (trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne).	two experiments were performed with post-valve t-cannulated growing pigs, using five animals in each experiment in a change-over design to evaluate the effect of inclusion of four different dried forage meals on ileal crude protein (cp) and amino acid (aa) digestibilities. the control diets (c1 and c2) were barley-based and the experimental diets were formulated by replacing the barley with 100 or 200 g/kg of either lucerne (medicago sativa) or white clover (trifolium repens) meal in expt 1 and ...	1999	10743486
influence of an elevated atmospheric co2 content on soil and rhizosphere bacterial communities beneath lolium perenne and trifolium repens under field conditions.	> abstract the increase in atmospheric co2 content alters c3 plant photosynthetic rate, leading to changes in rhizodeposition and other root activities. this may influence the activity, the biomass, and the structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial communities and therefore the nutrient cycling rates and the plant growth. the present paper focuses on bacterial numbers and on community structure. the rhizospheres of two grassland plants, lolium perenne (ryegrass) and trifolium repens (white clo ...	1999	10384008
expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase during leaf ontogeny in white clover.	we examined the expression of three distinct 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase genes during leaf ontogeny in white clover (trifolium repens). significant production of ethylene occurs at the apex, in newly initiated leaves, and in senescent leaf tissue. we used a combination of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends to identify three distinct dna sequences designated traco1, traco2, and traco3, each with homology to 1-aminocyclopropane ...	1999	10318691
production, faecal egg counts and worm burdens of ewe lambs which grazed six contrasting forages.	lambs were grazed on monospecific swards of one of six forages, some containing condensed tannins (ct); sulla (hedysarum coronarium), lotus corniculatus and l. pedunculatus and some without ct (lucerne (medicago sativa), plantain (plantago lanceolata) and a ryegrass/white clover pasture (lolium perenne/trifolium repens)) to evaluate effects of forage type on gastrointestinal nematode burdens, faecal egg count as well as liveweight gain (lwg), wool growth and dag formation over a 42-day period. a ...	1998	9877067
host-root exudates increase gene expression of asparagine synthetase in the roots of a hemiparasitic plant triphysaria versicolor (scrophulariaceae).	triphysaria is a facultative root parasite in the scrophulariaceae family. similar to other related parasites, the development of the parasitic life cycle is initiated by molecular signals released from appropriate host roots. using a differential display, we isolated cdnas preferentially abundant in t. versicolor roots exposed to trifolium repens (white clover) root exudates in vitro. sequence analysis indicated that one of the differentially expressed cdnas had significant homology to the nitr ...	1998	9831643
structural requirements of rhizobium chitolipooligosaccharides for uptake and bioactivity in legume roots as revealed by synthetic analogs and fluorescent probes.	rhizobium chitolipooligosaccharides (closs) are heterogeneous fatty acylated n-acetyl glucosamine oligomers with variations in both the polar (hydrophilic) oligosaccharide head group and the non-polar (hydrophobic) fatty acyl chain. they trigger root hair deformation and cortical cell divisions in legume roots during development of the nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis. it has been proposed that only certain unique molecular species of closs made by a particular rhizobia can elicit these res ...	1997	9215550
infestation of sheep dung by nematophagous fungi and implications for the control of free-living stages of gastro-intestinal nematodes.	a field trial was conducted to assess the rate at which dung becomes infested by fungi which parasitise nematodes (nematophagous fungi) after deposition. sheep dung was placed on field plots of bare ground, ryegrass (lolium perenne), browntop (agrostis capillaris) and white clover (trifolium repens) in summer (february) and autumn (april), and subsamples were examined at intervals for the presence of nematophagous fungi. nematophagous fungi occurred in 71% of 129 samples recovered in february an ...	1997	9211650
identification of soil bacteria expressing a symbiotic plasmid from rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trofolii.	a hundred strains of non-nodulating, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from clover-ryegrass pastures on three different soil types and from a sandy loam under lupins. when crossed with escherichia coli pn200 containing the cointegrate plasmid ppn1, 11 transconjugants gained the ability to form nodules on the roots of white clover (trifolium repens cv. grasslands huia). a noda probe indicated that they had gained nodulation genes. the identities of these 11 strains and 4 others der ...	1997	9090106
forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: iii. finishing systems.	fall-weaned angus calves grazed or were fed different forages during winter followed by 1) n-fertilized tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) grazed alone, 2) bluegrass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) sequence grazed with tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) bluegrass-white clover sequence grazed with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). heifers were supplemented with grain at 1% of bw from april until slaughter in july. on ...	1996	8707721
flavone-enhanced accumulation and symbiosis-related biological activity of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol membrane glycolipid from rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii.	rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is the bacterial symbiont which induces nitrogen-fixing root nodules on the leguminous host, white clover (trifolium repens l.). in this plant-microbe interaction, the host plant excretes a flavone, 4',7-dihydroxyflavone (dhf), which activates expression of modulation genes, enabling the bacterial symbiont to elicit various symbiosis-related morphological changes in its roots. we have investigated the accumulation of a diglycosyl diacylglycerol (bf-7) in wild ...	1994	8021221
influence of grazing cattle and sheep together and separately on animal performance and forage quality.	cattle and sheep grazed together and separately from april to october during 3 yr. initial forage composition was 29% kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), 11% white clover (trifolium repens l.), and 60% weeds. there were six angus cow-calf pairs or six ewes (1/2 dorset x 1/4 finn x 1/4 rambouillet) with 11 lambs per each of three pasture replications for single animal species. six cow-calf pairs plus six ewes and 11 lambs grazed in each of three replications of the mixed animal species treatme ...	1994	8014135
expression of the symbiotic plasmid from rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii in sphingobacterium multivorum.	an inoculant strain of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii containing a tn5 marked symbiotic plasmid transferred this plasmid by conjugation to sphingobacterium multivorum, an organism that can be found in soil. the transconjugant bacteria nodulated the roots of white clover (trifolium repens) seedlings but did not fix atmospheric nitrogen. microscopic examination revealed abnormal nodule structures. bacteria isolated from the nodules were shown to be closely related to the recipient s. mult ...	1994	8000966
expression of the pea albumin 1 gene in transgenic white clover and tobacco.	in order to improve the quality of pasture protein for ruminant animal nutrition, we are introducing genes encoding rumen-protected proteins, rich in essential amino acids, into white clover (trifolium repens l.). we have introduced a chimaeric gene transcribed from the 35s camv promoter, and encoding the pea albumin 1 (pa1) protein, rich in sulphur amino acids, into the white clover genotype wr8 by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. a transgenic plant with high levels of pa1 mrna was crosse ...	1994	8000431
in vitro digestion of bloat-safe and bloat-causing legumes by rumen microorganisms: gas and foam production.	leaves of three bloat-safe legumes -- birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus l.), sainfoin (onobrychis viciaefolia scop.), and cicer milkvetch (astralagus cicer l.) -- and of three bloat-causing legumes -- alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), and white clover (trifolium repens l.) -- were incubated with strained rumen fluid or with mixed rumen fluid and solids. gas released was measured during the early period (0 to 22 h) of this in vitro digestion. gas volume was gre ...	1980	7419778
protein metabolism in growing lambs fed on fresh ryegrass (lolium perenne) -clover (trifolium repens) pasture ad lib. 1. protein and energy deposition in response to abomasal infusion of casein and methionine.		1981	7317346
protein metabolism in growing lambs given fresh ryegrass (lolium perenne)--clover (trifolium repens) pasture ad lib. 2. endocrine changes, glucose production, and their relationship to protein deposition and the partition of absorbed nutrients.	1. glucose metabolism and changes in the concentrations of several hormones in jugular plasma were measured in growing lambs fed on fresh pasture ad lib. one group of lambs acted as control while the second received a continuous abomasal infusion supplying 44 g sodium caseinate+0.5 g l-methionine/d. 2. hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay procedures and glucose irreversible loss measured from continuous infusion of d-[u-14c]glucose. 3. protein infusion increased plasma conc ...	1982	7066291
motility of the reticulum and rumen of sheep given juice-extracted pasture.	1. sheep were fed on different diets of juice-extracted herbage to determine what effect juice-extraction had on reticulo-rumen motility. 2. the frequency of a and b sequences of contraction of the reticulo-rumen were recorded during eating, rumination and inactivity for continuous periods of 24-72 h by using integrated electromyograms obtained from electrodes implanted in the musculature of the reticulum and cranial dorsal rumen. 3. animals were fed on herbage in which approximately 200 g/kg dr ...	1982	7059570
iodine metabolism and thyroid hormone relationships in growing sheep fed on kale (brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (lolium perenne)-clover (trifolium repens) fresh-forage diets.		1983	6830751
transfer of rhizobium meliloti psym genes into agrobacterium tumefaciens: host-specific nodulation by atypical infection.	the psym megaplasmid of rhizobium meliloti 2011 mobilized by plasmid rp4, or plasmid pgmi42, an rp4-prime derivative which carries a 290-kilobase psym fragment including nitrogenase and nod genes, was introduced into agrobacterium tumefaciens. the resulting transconjugants induced root deformations specifically on the homologous hosts medicago sativa and melilotus alba and not on the heterologous hosts trifolium pratense and trifolium repens. the root deformations were shown to be genuine nodule ...	1984	6690420
copper metabolism in growing sheep given kale (brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (lolium perenne)-clover (trifolium repens) fresh forage diets.	kale (brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (lolium perenne)-clover (trifolium repens) pasture grown under similar soil conditions were grazed in the vegetative state by growing lambs of 23.6 kg initial live weight for 24 weeks. forty-eight lambs grazed each forage. the kale and pasture contained respectively 4 and 14 mg copper/kg dry matter (dm), 7.2 and 3.1 g total sulphur/kg dm and 0.4 and 1.1 mg molybdenum/kg dm. subcutaneous injections of cu (12 mg) were given to half the animals grazing each for ...	1983	6311244
the physical digestion of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and white clover (trifolium repens) in the foregut of sheep.	sheep were fed once daily with 300 or 600 g dried perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) or white clover (trifolium repens). total rumen contents were sampled once daily at various intervals up to 24 h after feeding for 6 d. total weight of fresh rumen contents and dry matter (dm), organic matter and particulate matter concentrations were measured and the particle size distribution of rumen contents was analysed using a wet sieving technique. there was a similar exponential loss of dm from the rume ...	1984	6089866
effect of clover phyllody virus on nodulation of white clover (trifolium repens) by rhizobium trifolii.		1967	6034037
studies on the nature of the li locus in trifolium repens l. i. purification and properties of the enzyme components.		1973	4735021
[ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of bacteroid differentiation of rhizobium trifolii dangeard in the nodules of trifolium repens l].		1974	4138777
the role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of lotus pedunculatus for sheep. rates of body and wool growth.	lotus pedunculatus (cv. grasslands maku) grown on acid low-fertility soil and containing high concentrations of condensed tannin (76-90 g/kg dry matter (dm] was grazed by growing sheep for 31-42 d periods in three experiments. in expt 2 an additional group of lambs grazed areas oversown with white clover (trifolium repens) and red clover (trifolium pratense). lambs were transferred from grazing ryegrass (lolium perenne)-white clover straight on to lotus in all experiments (unconditioned sheep). ...	1985	4063306
endocrine regulation of metabolism in sheep given kale (brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (lolium perenne)-clover (trifolium repens) fresh-forage diets.	diets of fresh kale (brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (lolium perenne)-clover (trifolium repens) herbage were fed to growing sheep in three experiments. in expts 1 and 3 the sheep were confined indoors and fed at hourly intervals, and all were given supplementary iodine to counteract kale goitrogens. lambs grazed the two forages for 24 weeks in expt 2, with and without intramuscular injections of iodized oil. the kale and herbage contained respectively 11 and less than 0.1 g s-methyl-l-cysteine s ...	1985	4063301
condensed tannins induce micronuclei in cultured v79 chinese hamster cells.	the tannins, delphinidin and procyanidin were isolated from flowers of white clover (trifolium repens) and the leaves of arnot bristly locust (robina fertilis) respectively, and tested for mutagenic properties in a range of systems. there was no evidence for either compound causing significant levels of frameshift or base-pair mutagenesis in bacterial mutagenicity assays, although both were weakly positive in a bacterial dna-repair test. both compounds very slightly increased the frequency of pe ...	1985	3900722
the digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l. cv. melle) and white clover (trifolium repens l. cv. blanca) by growing cattle fed indoors.	1. pure swards of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l. cv. melle) or white clover (trifolium repens l. cv. blanca) were harvested daily at three and two stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed cattle. the grass diets comprised primary growth (may) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by high contents of water-soluble carbohydrate and neutral-detergent fibre and comparable in vitro dry matter ...	1985	3870696
the use of monensin or formaldehyde to control the digestion of the nitrogenous constituents of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. melle) and white clover (trifolium repens cv. blanca) in the rumen of cattle.	pure swards of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. melle) and white clover (trifolium repens cv. blanca) were harvested daily as primary growth (grass in may, clover in june) or regrowths (clover only in july) and offered, in the long form, to growing cattle at a feeding rate of 22 g dry matter/kg live weight. with each forage, two treatments were compared with the untreated forage (c): monensin (100 g active ingredient/kg, 250 mg/d) addition to the rumen (treatment m) or formaldehyde (30 g/k ...	1987	3801385
relationships between the cryptic and temperate viruses of alfalfa, beet and white clover.	small isometric virus particles containing double-stranded rna have been independently reported in europe and japan from apparently healthy alfalfa (medicago sativa), beet (beta vulgaris), and white clover (trifolium repens). they have been called cryptic viruses in europe and temperate viruses in japan. serological comparison using immunoelectron microscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rnas indicate that alfalfa cryptic and temperate viruses are the same, beet cryptic virus is ...	1986	3721811
the role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 5. effects on the endocrine system and on adipose tissue metabolism.	1. three experiments were conducted using lotus pedunculatus containing high concentrations of condensed tannins (ct), and utilizing the principle that polyethylene glycol (peg) application (molecular weight 3350) will irreversibly bind a portion of the ct and thus reduce the dietary reactive (i.e. non-peg bound) ct concentration. lotus diets containing 95, 45 and 14 g total reactive ct/kg dry matter (dm), induced by spraying with three peg rates, were given to sheep at hourly intervals (600 g d ...	1986	3676235
the effect of digestibility and forage species on the removal of digesta from the rumen and the voluntary intake of hay by sheep.	1. the characteristics of digestion, passage and rumen fill of three hays: early- and late-cut perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. endura) and white clover hay (trifolium repens cv. blanca and pronitro) were studied using six rumen-cannulated sheep fed at a restricted level of intake (18 g dry matter (dm)/kg live weight (lw) per d), in a two 3 x 3 latin square design. 2. voluntary intake of the same diets was measured using a further six non-cannulated sheep in a similar design. 3. rate of di ...	1986	3676225
the effect of forage species and stage of harvest on the processes of digestion occurring in the rumen of cattle.	1. pure swards of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l. cv. melle) or white clover (trifolium repens l. cv. blanca) were harvested daily as either primary growth (may-june) or mid- (july) and late- (august-september) season 4-week regrowths and offered to friesian steers at two levels of feed allowance (18 and 24 g dry matter (dm)/kg live weight), to examine the effect of forage species and stage of harvest on nutrient digestion and supply. 2. the early- and mid-season grasses had low nitrogen ( ...	1986	3676223
effect of forage species and season on nutrient digestion and supply in grazing cattle.	1. a total of twenty friesian steers were grazed on pure swards of either perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. melle) or white clover (trifolium repens cv. blanca) from may to late august to examine the effect of forage species and season on nutrient digestion and supply. within each forage species, two daily allowances of forage (i.e. 30 and 60 g dry matter (dm)/kg live weight) were given, and nutrient flow into the small intestine was measured on thirteen separate occasions (viz. seven grass ...	1986	3676197
the efficiency of energy utilization in growing cattle consuming fresh perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. melle) or white clover (trifolium repens cv. blanca).	1. twenty friesian steers (225 kg live weight) were fed on mid- (m) (june-july) and late- (l) (august-september) season crops of either fresh perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. melle) (g) or white clover (trifolium repens cv. blanca) (c). each of the forage diets was offered at three restricted planes of nutrition above maintenance to compare the effect of forage species on the efficiency of energy utilization. all diets were harvested daily from swards of regrowth forage of intended equival ...	1986	3676184
the digestion of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. melle) and white clover (trifolium repens cv. blanca) by grazing cattle.	1. pure swards of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne cv. melle) as a primary growth (may), trimmed primary growth (early june) and regrowth (late june), and white clover (trifolium repens cv. blanca) as a mature primary growth (july) and vegetative regrowth (august), were grazed by twelve friesian steers (mean body-weights throughout experiment 152-231 kg) at daily allocation rates of forage which provided dry matter (dm) intakes ranging from 28 to 36 g/kg body-weight). 2. total nitrogen content ...	1988	3408697
root nodule specific gene regulation: analysis of the soybean nodulin n23 gene promoter in heterologous symbiotic systems.	the nodulin n23 gene promoter was analysed in transgenic plants using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) coding sequence as a reporter. a 5' flanking region of less than 1 kb was sufficient for the organ-specific expression of a chimeric n23-cat-3'lbc3 gene in root nodules formed on lotus corniculatus and trifolium repens after infection by their respective rhizobium symbionts. expression was regulated at the level of rna in both species of transgenic plants. promoter deletion analysis ...	1988	3340542
importance of body tissues as sources of nutrients for milk synthesis in the cow, using 13c as a marker.	1. the proportions of carbon in individual milk constituents derived from feed and body tissues in dairy cows, were estimated by taking advantage of the natural variations which occur in the ratio, 13c:12c present in c3- and c4-plant species. 2. four cows, which had previously grazed c3 plants (ryegrass (lolium spp.) and white clover (trifolium repens)), were accustomed to indoor feeding on a ration of c3-plant material (cut pastures and barley meal). the ration was then changed abruptly to one ...	1988	3219327
the molecular biology of cyanogenesis.	the cyanogenic polymorphism in trifolium repens l. (white clover) has been used as the basis of a study of the genetic control of cyanogenesis. the ac locus controls the presence of two cyanoglucosides in white clover. biochemical characterization of cyanoglucoside biosynthesis in plants containing different ac alleles has shown that this is a complex locus which affects more than one step in the pathway. a study of the in vivo synthesis and processing of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamar ...	2011	3149931
faecal endogenous loss of calcium in young sheep.	1. two groups of eight 6-7-month-old wether lambs were offered either a frozen ryegrass (lolium perenne l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) pasture or a ryegrass-white clover hay, containing 12.1 and 6.4 g calcium/kg dry matter (dm) respectively. within groups the amounts offered to individual sheep ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 times the estimated maintenance energy requirements. 2. a single intravenous injection of 150 microci 45ca as cacl2.2h2o, and stable balances were used to determine absorpti ...	1989	2923857
kinetic aspects of calcium metabolism in lactating sheep offered herbages with different ca concentrations and the effect of protein supplementation.	1. two experiments are described in which kinetic aspects of calcium metabolism were studied in housed lactating sheep consuming different fresh herbage species. the importance of protein supply was also investigated. 2. in expt. 1, two groups (n 4) were offered, ad lib., a freshly cut ryegrass (lolium perenne l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) pasture containing 5.48 g ca/kg dry matter (dm). one group was supplemented daily with 100 g protected casein. a third group (n 4) was offered, ad li ...	1989	2923856
interference between rhizobium meliloti and rhizobium trifolii nodulation genes: genetic basis of r. meliloti dominance.	transfer of an incp plasmid carrying the rhizobium meliloti nodfe, nodg, and nodh genes to rhizobium trifolii enabled r. trifolii to nodulate alfalfa (medicago sativa), the normal host of r. meliloti. using transposon tn5-linked mutations and in vitro-constructed deletions of the r. meliloti nodfe, nodg, and nodh genes, we showed that r. meliloti nodh was required for r. trifolii to elicit both root hair curling and nodule initiation on alfalfa and that nodh, nodfe, and nodg were required for r. ...	1988	2848012
theoretical considerations in the estimation of rumen fractional outflow rate from various sampling sites in the digestive tract.	the digesta markers 103ruthenium phenanthroline (ru-p) and 51cr-edta were continuously infused into the rumen of young lambs offered clover hay ad lib. indoors or grazing pure species swards of either lucerne (medicago sativa), white clover (trifolium repens), ryegrass (lolium perenne) or prairie grass (bromus catharticus). following the cessation of infusion the fractional outflow rate (for) of markers from the rumen was estimated from the rate of decline of marker concentration in rumen and ab ...	1989	2789986
technical note: sampling technique and drying method effects on chemical composition of tall fescue or fescue-ladino clover pasture samples.	although esophageal extrusa is the most readily accepted representation of forage consumed by grazing ruminants, esophageal sampling is demanding from the standpoint of animal care and maintenance and extrusa processing. this experiment was conducted with a split-plot design to evaluate the effects of pasture type, pasture sampling technique and drying method on estimation of grazed forage composition. ten esophageally fistulated steers grazed pastures of either tall fescue (festuca arundinacea ...	1991	2005036
nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from white clover (trifolium repens l.).	the nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of two different beta-glucosidase cdna clones were determined. one clone (tre104) was identified as the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase by homology with the n-terminal and internal peptide amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. the biological function of the other beta-glycosidase (tre361) is not known. co-segregation of genomic restriction fragments uniquely identified by each cdna clone shows that these two genes are linked in the white ...	1991	1907511
nitrogen transactions along the digestive tract of lambs concurrently infected with trichostrongylus colubriformis and ostertagia circumcincta.	twelve lambs, paired on the basis of live weight, were cannulated in the abomasum, in the proximal jejunum approximately 4 m distal to the pylorus and in the terminal ileum. six were infected with 3000 trichostrongylus colubriformis and 3000 ostertagia circumcincta larvae each day for 18 weeks and the remainder were pair-fed to individual infected lambs. all animals were offered ryegrass (lolium perenne)-white clover (trifolium repens) pasture, cut daily. dry matter (dm) intake, live weight, fae ...	1991	1760444
forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: i. cow-calf production.	six year-round, all-forage, three-paddock systems for beef cow-calf production were used to produce five calf crops during a 6-yr period. forages grazed by cows during spring, summer, and early fall consisted of one paddock of 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) or 2) kentucky blue-grass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.). each of these forage mixtures was combined in a factorial arrangement with two paddocks of either 1) fescue-red ...	1992	1548221
the intake, digestion and protein degradation of grazed herbage by early-weaned lambs.	sixty-four intact lambs and twenty-four lambs fitted with a duodenal cannula were weaned at 6 weeks of age and grazed pure species swards of either lucerne (medicago sativa), white clover ((trifolium repens), ryegrass (lolium perenne) or prairie grass (bromus catharticus) for 6 weeks. intake and duodenal digesta flow were estimated when lambs were 8 and 12 weeks of age. lambs grazing the two legume species grew at a similar rate, as did lambs grazing the two grass species. legumes promoted a 38% ...	1992	1445817
implant and copper oxide needles for steers grazing acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue pastures: effects on grazing and subsequent feedlot performance and serum constituents.	two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of a progesterone-estradiol implant (pei) with no implant (ni) and 20 g of copper oxide needles (cuon) with no cuon on grazing, subsequent feedlot performance, and selected serum constituents of steers. in exp. 1, 114 limousin crossbred yearling steers (317 kg average initial bw) were stocked continuously on acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) pastures (c) or were rota ...	1992	1429296
isolation, sequencing and expression in e. coli of the urocanase gene from white clover (trifolium repens).	the urocanase gene was detected in a clone obtained from a genomic library of white clover. the entire gene has been sequenced and expressed in the pt7-7/e. coli bl 21 (de 3) system. the deduced sequence of the plant urocanase is 72% homologous with that of the well-characterized urocanase from pseudomonas putida. the purification procedure, as well as kinetic and electrophoretic behaviour, of the new enzyme are described.	1992	1356832
inhibitory effects of the herbicide trifluralin on the establishment of the clover root nodule symbiosis.	trifluralin, a widely used herbicide (rahman, 1977), may act via interaction with plant microtubule protein (hess and bayer, 1974, 1977). in trifluralin treated seedlings of trifolium repens, root tips increased in diameter and decreased in length, cell elongation was decreased, cell wall deposition was abnormal, root hairs were deformed, and a marked reduction was seen in the number of infection threads induced by the bacterial symbionts. our observations support the hypothesis that trifluralin ...	1978	751777
nutritional improvement of food proteins by enzymatic modification, especially by plastein synthesis reaction.	the present paper reviews our recents studies on the plastein reaction applied to improve nutritional quality of conventional and unconventional proteins, with special emphasis on the papaincatalyzed incorporation of essential amino acids (used in ethyl ester form) into the proteins : l-methionine into soybean protein, l-lysine into wheat gluten and l-tyrosine into fish protein (after removal of phenylalanine). the paper deals also with an attempt to improve proteins extracted from the photosynt ...	1978	360951
purification and properties of beta-mannanases i and ii from the germinated seeds of trifolium repens. mode of galactomannan degradation in vitro.	two beta-mannanases (beta-mannosidases, ec 3.2.1.25) purified from the germinated seeds of trifolium repens by a procedure that included chromatography on hydroxyapatite, gel filtration on acrylamide/agarose (ultragel 5/4) and preparative polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis. the final purification step completely resolved two beta-mannanases with distinct specificities, which were termed beta-mannanase i and beta-mannanase ii. beta-mannanase i was purified 1400-fold and beta-mannanase ii 1000-fol ...	1997	33664