Publications

quantitative estimation of plum pox virus targets acquired and transmitted by a single myzus persicae.	the viral charge acquired and inoculated by single aphids in a non-circulative transmission is estimated using plum pox virus (ppv). a combination of electrical penetration graph and taqman real-time rt-pcr techniques was used to establish the average number of ppv rna targets inoculated by an aphid in a single probe (26,750), approximately half of the acquired ones. this number of ppv targets is responsible for a systemic infection of 20% on the inoculated receptor plants. no significant differ ...	2009	19597934
observations of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition during the period of algal bloom formation in northern lake taihu, china.	cyanobacterial blooms in lake taihu occurred at the end of april 2007 and had crucial impacts on the livelihood of millions of people living there. excessive nutrients may promote bloom formation. atmospheric nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) deposition appears to play an important role in algal bloom formation. bulk deposition and rain water samples were collected respectively from may 1 to november 30, 2007, the period of optimal algal growth, to measure the bulk atmospheric deposition rate, wet ...	2009	19597869
[pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation for treatment of acute herpes zoster].	to evaluate clinical therapeutic effect and the safety of pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation for treatment of acute herpes zoster.	2009	19565736
identifying peach and plum polyphenols with chemopreventive potential against estrogen-independent breast cancer cells.	our objective was to evaluate the cancer suppression activity of extracts from a commercial variety of yellow-fleshed peach 'rich lady' (rl) and a red-fleshed plum 'black splendor' (bs) and identify the phenolic fractions that may possess potential as chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic natural compounds. the peach rl extract effectively inhibited the proliferation of the estrogen-independent mda-mb-435 breast cancer cell line. the concentration to inhibit 50% of cell proliferation (ic(50)) ...	2009	19530711
electroantennogram technique for conotrachelus nenuphar (coleoptera: curculionidae).	reliable electroantennogram (eag) responses were obtained from the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), by using a whole body mount with glass electrodes filled with kcl-saturated agcl solution that penetrated the antennal club (recording electrode) and the membrane attached to the cervical sclerite between the thorax and the head (indifferent electrode). known attractive odor sources including extracts of headspace collections of 'stanley' plum and 'empire' apple tissues and a synthe ...	2009	19508798
'kwanzan stunting' syndrome: detection and molecular characterization of an italian isolate of little cherry virus 1.	evident stunting was observed for the first time on prunus serrulata 'kwanzan' indicator trees in southern italy during the indexing of two sour cherry accessions from cultivars 'marasca di verona' and 'spanska'. bud break and shooting were delayed and the developing leaves remained small. during the third year many kwanzan plants died, regardless of the indexed cultivar. electrophoretic analysis showed the presence of dsrna pattern in extracts of stunted kwanzan with a similar size to that of v ...	2009	19463722
bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells contribute to the angiogenic switch in tumor growth and metastatic progression.	emerging evidence indicates that bone marrow (bm)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (epcs) contribute to angiogenesis-mediated growth of certain tumors in mice and human. epcs regulate the angiogenic switch via paracrine secretion of proangiogenic growth factors and by direct luminal incorporation into sprouting nascent vessels. while the contributions of epcs to neovessel formation in spontaneous and transplanted tumors and to the metastatic transition have been reported to be relatively low ...	2009	19460418
direct sample preparation methods for the detection of plum pox virus by real-time rt-pcr.	direct systems to process plant materials allowed high-throughput testing of plum pox virus (ppv) by real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr without nucleic acids purification. crude plant extracts were diluted in buffer or spotted on membranes to be used as templates. alternatively, immobilized ppv targets were amplified from fresh sections of plant tissues printed or squashed onto the same supports, without extract preparation. spot real-time rt-pcr was validated as a ppv diagnostic method in ...	2009	19440977
further characterization of a new recombinant group of plum pox virus isolates, ppv-t, found in orchards in the ankara province of turkey.	sixteen plum pox virus (ppv) isolates collected in the ankara region of turkey were analyzed using available serological and molecular typing assays. surprisingly, despite the fact that all isolates except one, which was a mix infection, were typed as belonging to the ppv-m strain in four independent molecular assays, nine of them (60%) reacted with both ppv-m specific and ppv-d specific monoclonal antibodies. partial 5' and 3' genomic sequence analysis on four isolates demonstrated that irrespe ...	2009	19428744
identification of the constituents of balsam of peru in tomatoes.	studies show that balsam-restricted diets result in significant improvement of systemic contact dermatitis in patients with contact allergy to balsam of peru (bop). while tomatoes have been implicated as a frequent cause of bop-related dermatitis, the presence of bop in tomatoes has never been confirmed.	2009	19426616
inhibitory effect of immature plum on pma-induced mmp-9 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma.	the goal of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of prunus salicina lindl. cv. soldam at three maturity stages (immature, midmature and mature). in search for anticancer effects of immature plum extract (ipe), we have found its antimigrative property in (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) pma-induced hepg2 cells, and this effect is associated with inhibition of mmp-9 activity. ipe appeared to have a strong inhibitory effect on the pma-induced mmp-9 secretion through suppression of the ...	2009	19418353
sensitive and rapid detection of peach latent mosaic viroid by the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification.	a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method for the detection of peach latent mosaic viroid (plmvd) was developed. four primer sets (old, old1, new, and fukuta's) were designed originally. based on initial experiments the set old1 was selected for further evaluation. simple and accelerated rt-lamp was preformed using degenerate and no degenerate forward-loop (f-loop) and backward-loop (b-loop) primers. degenerate primers were selected, and after determination ...	2009	19409419
specific detection and quantification of the phytopathogenic agent 'candidatus phytoplasma prunorum'.	'candidatus phytoplasma prunorum' is a wall-less bacterium associated with european stone fruit yellows (esfy), a severe disease of prunus spp. (mainly apricot and japanese plum trees). it can be spread by one insect vector, cacopsylla pruni, and by the trade of infected material. the availability of pcr-based methods allowing a sensitive and specific detection of 'ca. p. prunorum' is crucial for this phytoplasma because, at present, it is uncultured and cannot be detected serologically. we deve ...	2009	19401232
quantitative trait loci meta-analysis of plum pox virus resistance in apricot (prunus armeniaca l.): new insights on the organization and the identification of genomic resistance factors.	plum pox virus (ppv) is responsible for sharka disease, one of the most detrimental stone fruit diseases affecting prunus trees worldwide. only a few apricot cultivars have been described as resistant, most originating from north american breeding programmes. several ppv resistance quantitative trait loci (qtls) have been mapped in various progenies, consistently highlighting the contribution to the resistance of the upper part of linkage group 1 (lg1). however, to date, no consensus has been re ...	2009	19400838
cell-to-cell transport through plasmodesmata in tree callus cultures.	one factor that contributes to a successful fruit tree grafting is the establishment of symplasmic contacts in the graft interface to facilitate the transfer of compounds between scion and stock. using novel experimental and theoretical approaches we investigated whether the localized incompatibility, experienced in some prunus grafts, could be related to insufficient plasmodesmal coupling at an early stage of development within one of the partners. dye-coupling analysis using fluorescent tracer ...	2009	19398772
native electrophoresis and western blot analysis: method and applications.	native electrophoresis and western blot analysis (neweb) has been developed for the study of plant virus characteristics, among others, virus particle-protein interactions, electrophorotype formation, and strain separation. the method is based on the property of electrophoretic mobility of virus particles (vp) and proteins and combines the analytical capacity of electrophoresis with the specificity of western blot. one of its advantages is that it deals with entire vp that can be studied in caus ...	2009	19378066
[anaphylaxis due to peach with negative immunocap result to peach allergens, including rpru p 1, rpru p 3, and rpru p 4: a report of two cases].	we report two cases of anaphylactic reactions to peach with negative result of immunocap to peach. case 1 is a 35-year-old man, who felt an itch in his oral cavity immediately after ingesting a whole fresh peach. he rapidly developed generalized urticaria, dyspnea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. he recovered after treatment at a local hospital, thereafter he was referred to our hospital because immunocap conducted for screening allergens revealed a negative test result to peach and the cau ...	2009	19329877
the pin nematode, paratylenchus neoamblycephalus, on myrobalan plum and other hosts.	elimination of paratylenchus neoamblvcephalus from soil by fumigation with 1,2-dibromoethane stimulated the growth of myrobalan seedlings grown in it. addition of a suspension of p. neoamblycephalus to myrobalan seedlings inhibited their growth as compared to noninoculated controls. when nematodes were removed from the suspension by settling, and the supernatant liquid was used as inoculum, no stunting occurred. roots of myrobalan seedlings inoculated with surface-sterilized p. neoamblycephalus ...	1975	19308178
pathogenicity of criconemoides xenoplax to prune and plum rootstocks.	elimination of criconemoides xenoplax from a prune orchard soil by fumigation with ethylene dibromide at the rate of 42 muliter/liter of soil (equivalent to about 13 gal/acre) improved the growth of myrobalan plum, addition of this nematode to myrobalan seedlings or young 'marianna 2624' plants propagated from cuttings resulted in destruction of cortical root tissue, darkening of roots, alteration of water stress, lowering of nutrient levels in leaves, and reduction in plant weight. c. xenoplax ...	1975	19308143
partial molecular characterization of an unusual, recombinant plum pox virus isolate from bulgaria.		2009	19301955
differentiation of plum pox virus isolates by single-strand conformation polymorphism and low-stringency single specific primer pcr analysis of hc-pro genome region.	single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) and low-stringency single specific primer (lssp)-pcr were assessed for suitability and reliability in genotyping of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates. examined ppv isolates included 16 ppv-d, 12 ppv-m, and 14 ppv-rec isolates collected in czech republic. the analysis was performed on the helper component protease (hc-pro) region of the ppv genome. sscp and lssp-pcr allowed the differentiation of ppv strain, but sscp was not able to distinguish isolates ...	2009	19301952
host suitability of eight prunus spp. and one pyrus communis rootstocks to pratylenchus vulnus, p. neglectus, and p. thornei.	the effects of pratylenchus vulnus on rootstocks of eight commonly used prunus spp. and one pyrus communis were evaluated under greenhouse conditions during a 15-month period. in a first experiment, two almonds (moncayo and garrigues), one peach (gf-305), and two peach-almond hybrids (gf-677 and adafuel) inoculated with 2,000 nematodes per plant proved to be good hosts of p. vulnus. highest (p < 0.05) numbers of nematodes per gram of fresh root weight were recovered from adafuel and gf-677. root ...	1991	19283165
host range of a population of pratylenchus vulnus in commercial fruit, nut, citrus, and grape rootstocks in spain.	in a host-range study carried out under greenhouse conditions, a total of 37 commercial fruit tree, grape, and citrus rootstocks were tested for their reaction to a population of the lesion nematode, pratylenchus vulnus, in spain. twenty-five rootstocks had a pf/pi > 1.5. these included almond (desmayo rojo, 1143), apple (em-9, em-106), avocado (hass), cherry (santa lucia 64, camil, m x m 14, masto de montafiana), grape (41-b, fercal, ritcher 110), hazelnut (pauetet), loquat (nadal), peach (mont ...	1992	19283047
reproductive fitness and random amplified polymorphic dna variation among isolates of pratylenchus vulnus.	the reproductive fitness of seven isolates of pratylenchus vulnus from different geographical areas and hosts was assessed in monoxenic cultures (carrot), and greenhouse cultures (plum, sour orange, and quince). the genetic makeup of the different isolates was compared by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd-pcr). the apple (pvap-s) and apricot (pvat-f) isolates reproduced less in monoxenic cultures than the rose (pvro-s) and walnut (pvwa-a and pvwa-u) isolates. on plum, the rose isolate (pvro ...	1994	19279892
effect of cutting age on the resistance of prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum) to meloidogyne arenaria.	the response of softwood cuttings of myrobalan plum infested after 50 and 105 days with 3,000 second-stage juveniles (j2) of meloidogyne arenaria was compared to 15-month-old hardwood cuttings in 13 genotypes ranging from highly resistant to susceptible. gall index and number of galls were recorded 30 days after infestation. fifty-day-old cuttings rooted in perlite developed many rootlets, but had only incipient galls after infestation. in sand, rooting of 50-day-old cuttings not treated with in ...	1995	19277333
prunus rootstock evaluation to root-knot and lesion nematodes in spain.	two screening and one resistance verification trial involving 20 prunus rootstocks were conducted under greenhouse conditions against meloidogyne spp. and pratylenchus vulnus. most of the rootstocks were experimental genotypes or new commercial peach and plums of spanish and french origin. nearly all are interspecific hybrid rootstocks. in the first trial, the rootstocks bruce, cadaman, mirac, g x n no. 15, cachirulo x (g x n no. 9), and p. myra x peach were immune or resistant to a mixture of s ...	1996	19277184
viewpoint: dried plum, an emerging functional food that may effectively improve bone health.	osteoporosis is a debilitating disorder that affects both female and male, albeit to a greater extent in women than men. as the demographic shift to a more aged population continues, a growing number of men and women will be afflicted with osteoporosis and a search for potential non-pharmacological alternative therapies for osteoporosis is of prime interest. aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. among nutrition ...	2009	19274852
foliar sprays with steinernema carpocapsae against early-season apple pests.	persistence and field efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae a11 strain applied by foliar sprays were evaluated against the apple sawfly hoplocampa testudinea and the plum curculio conotrachelus nenuphar, two early-season pests in quebec apple orchards. from 1992 to 1995, bioassays with galleria mellonella larvae were conducted to assess the persistence of s. carpocapsae on leaves, flower clusters, and twigs up to 4 days after evening application. s. carpocapsae juveni ...	1998	19274253
differential response to root-knot nematodes in prunus species and correlative genetic implications.	responses of 17 prunus rootstocks or accessions (11 from the subgenus amygdalus and 6 from the subgenus prunophora) were evaluated against 11 isolates of meloidogyne spp. including one m. arenaria, four m. incognita, four m. javanica, one m. hispanica, and an unclassified population from florida. characterization of plant response to root-knot nematodes was based on a gall index rating. numbers of females and juveniles plus eggs in the roots were determined for 10 of the rootstocks evaluated aga ...	1997	19274170
growth response of peach and plum rootstocks infected with pratylenchus vulnus in microplots.	the effects of pratylenchus vulnus on growth and nutrition of cadaman peach and ishtara and julior plum rootstocks were evaluated in a microplot experiment lasting two growing seasons. cadaman peach was the only rootstock that showed suppressed growth for all growth parameters at the end of the first year. at the end of the second growing season, dry and fresh shoot weights as well as shoot length and root weights of cadaman peach were reduced in nematode-inoculated microplots in comparison to u ...	1999	19270932
susceptibility of the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, to entomopathogenic nematodes.	the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of pome and stone fruit. our objective was to determine virulence and reproductive potential of six commercially available nematode species in c. nenuphar larvae and adults. nematodes tested were heterorhabditis bacteriophora (hb strain), h. marelatus (point reyes strains), h. megidis (uk211 strain), steinernema riobrave (355 strain), s. carpocapsae (all strain), and s. feltiae (sn strain). survival of c. nenuphar larvae treated with s. ...	2002	19265940
international multidimensional authenticity specification (imas) algorithm for detection of commercial pomegranate juice adulteration.	the pomegranate fruit ( punica granatum ) has become an international high-value crop for the production of commercial pomegranate juice (pj). the perceived consumer value of pj is due in large part to its potential health benefits based on a significant body of medical research conducted with authentic pj. to establish criteria for authenticating pj, a new international multidimensional authenticity specifications (imas) algorithm was developed through consideration of existing databases and co ...	2009	19249817
[measurement of fruit maturity based on laser-induced photoluminescence spectrum].	grounding on the concepts of biophotonics measurement, the authors first used a red semiconductor laser (655 nm) to irradiate fruits. compared with other kinds of illuminating sources, the red semiconductor laser is less expensive and takes little space. the laser-induced photoluminescence spectrums could be detected by coupling fibre-optics probe when the fruits are illuminated by laser. and the spectrum has a distinct peak of relative intensity around the 685 nm wavelength that varies with the ...	2008	19248480
[light competition and productivity of agroforestry system in loess area of weibei in shaanxi].	agroforestry is the most effective way for the restoration of disturbed land on loess plateau and the development of poorly local economy. taking the tree-based intercropping systems of walnut or plum with soybean or pepper in the loess area of weibei as test objects, the photosynthesis, growth, and yield of soybean (qindou 8) and pepper (shanjiao 981) in the systems were studied. the results showed that the photosynthetic active radiation (par), net photosynthetic rate (pn), growth, and yield o ...	2008	19238840
scale insects and mealy bugs (homoptera: coccoidea) attacking deciduous fruit trees in the western north coast of alexandria, egypt.	this investigation covered a survey of scale insects and mealy bugs infesting ten growing species of deciduous fruit trees in three localities in alexandria govemorate. these localities were merghem, burg el-arab, and el-nahda about 50 km. west of alexandria under both rain-fed and irrigation system conditions. the common inspected fruit trees were fig, white mulberry, pomegranate, apple, pear, apricot, european plum, peach, almond, and persimmon. it was shown that a group of twenty scale insect ...	2008	19226793
new facility to advance study of foreign animal disease. kansas site recommended for national bio and agro-defense facility to replace plum island.		2009	19226691
molecular characterization of seven genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcriptional factors during plum fruit development and ripening.	seven erf cdnas were cloned from two japanese plum (prunus salicina l.) cultivars, 'early golden' (eg) and 'shiro' (sh). based on the sequence characterization, these ps-erfs could be classified into three of the four known erf families. their predicted amino acid sequences exhibited similarities to erfs from other plant species. functional nuclear localization signal analyses of two ps-erf proteins (ps-erf1a and -1b) were carried out using confocal microscopy. expression analyses of ps-erf mrna ...	2009	19213809
synteny of prunus and other model plant species.	fragmentary conservation of synteny has been reported between map-anchored prunus sequences and arabidopsis. with the availability of genome sequence for fellow rosid i members populus and medicago, we analyzed the synteny between prunus and the three model genomes. eight prunus bac sequences and map-anchored prunus sequences were used in the comparison.	2009	19208249
effect of different formulations on tebuconazole residues in stone fruits.	the correlation between pesticide residue levels and formulation of an active substance is often not considered, even if it is reasonable to expect some differences arising from behaviour during dilution and spraying, from adhesion to plant and from degradation. an experimental study to investigate the magnitude of tebuconazole residues as a function of different tebuconazole formulated products was carried out in italy. the fungicide was applied as wettable powder (wp) and water-dispersible gra ...	2009	19165745
quantitative resistance traits and suitability of woody plant species for a polyphagous scarab, popillia japonica newman.	the japanese beetle, popillia japonica newman, has an unusually broad host range among deciduous woody plants, yet it feeds only sparingly, or not at all, on certain species in the field. we evaluated beetles' preference, survival over time and fecundity on eight woody plant species historically rated as susceptible or resistant and, after verifying those ratings, tested whether resistance is correlated with so-called quantitative defense traits including leaf toughness, low nutrient content (wa ...	2008	19161699
development and testing of the gait assessment and intervention tool (g.a.i.t.): a measure of coordinated gait components.	recent neuroscience methods have provided the basis upon which to develop effective gait training methods for recovery of the coordinated components of gait after neural injury. we determined that there was not an existing observational measure that was, at once, adequately comprehensive, scored in an objectively-based manner, and capable of assessing incremental improvements in the coordinated components of gait. therefore, the purpose of this work was to use content valid procedures in order t ...	2009	19146879
phenolic compounds in rosaceae fruits from ecuador.	rp-hplc-dad was used to study the content of phenolic compounds in four ecuadorian fruits (strawberry, andean blackberry, plum, and capuli cherry). compounds were identified using spectral characteristics of representative standards and reference samples. further, lc-ms with ms/ms was used to confirm molecular assignments in previously unstudied capuli cherry. gallic acid was detected in andean blackberry, and galloyl esters were detected in strawberries. both these berries contained ellagic aci ...	2009	19143537
abiotic factors and trap design modulate the performance of traps used to monitor the plum curculio.	all published studies on effects of abiotic factors on plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (hersbt), adults have taken a retrospective approach. here, we present the results of experiments where factors and their levels were determined and controlled a priori. we compared the effectiveness of miniature pyramidal traps (45 by 20 by 20 cm) constructed of four kind of materials--wood, geotextile, nylon screening, and corrugated plastic--to monitor overwintered and summer adults of univoltine plum ...	2008	19133465
compromised virus-induced gene silencing in rdr6-deficient plants.	rna silencing in plants serves as a potent antiviral defense mechanism through the action of small interfering rnas (sirnas), which direct rna degradation. sirnas can be derived directly from the viral genome or via the action of host-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs). plant genomes encode multiple rdrs, and it has been demonstrated that plants defective for rdr6 hyperaccumulate several classes of virus. in this study, we compared the effectiveness of virus-induced gene silencing (vig ...	2009	19129420
[combination of acupuncture with cupping increases life quality of patients of osteoporosis].	to observe therapeutic effect of "general regulation" acupuncture and cupping therapy on osteoporosis.	2008	19127911
identification and urinary excretion of metabolites of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in human subjects following consumption of dried plums or dried plum juice.	5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (i) is a major breakdown product occurring in solutions with high concentrations of fructose and glucose and is present in many fruit juices, in heat-sterilized parenteral solutions, and in baby cereals. the objective of this study was to characterize and identify 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural metabolites in human subjects following the consumption of dried plum juice and/or dried plums. subjects were fasted overnight and blood and urine samples were obtained during t ...	2006	19127754
plum juice, but not dried plum powder, is effective in mitigating cognitive deficits in aged rats.	normal aging in animals and humans is accompanied by a decline in cognitive performance that is thought to be due to the long-term effects of oxidative stress and inflammation on neurologic processes. previous findings have suggested that protection against age-related cognitive declines may be achieved by increasing the dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, especially those that are high in antioxidant activity, such as blueberries and strawberries. the objective of this study was to investi ...	2009	19097856
characterization of a natural plum pox virus isolate bearing a truncated coat protein.	plum pox virus (ppv) isolates were collected in hungary from plum varieties. pcr targeting the 3' genomic region resulted in a shorter pcr product in the case of the b1298 isolate bearing a 135-nucleotide deletion in frame in the n-terminal part of the coat protein (cp). the isolate was aphid-transmissible and the virion diameter was reduced compared to ppv-sk68. detectability of this isolate by western blot varied according to the antibody used. integration of the deleted cp gene into an infect ...	2009	19082685
shining light on foreign animal diseases: the story of plum island.		2008	19069040
potential of two entomopathogenic nematodes for suppression of plum curculio (conotrachelus nenuphar, coleoptera: curculionidae) life stages in northern climates.	plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of pome and stone fruits in north america. we evaluated the potential efficacy of two entomopathogenic nematode species for suppression of plum curculio in northern regions, targeting life stages that reside in soil during spring and summer. a strain of heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolated from soil infested with plum curculio in northern utah and a commercially available strain of steinernema feltiae known to tolerate cool temperatures we ...	2008	19036207
evaluation of reproductive compatibility of interstrain matings among plum curculio populations in the eastern united states.	reproductive compatibility of interstrain matings in plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), was studied during the summers of 2004 and 2006. there was a unidirectional incompatibility in the cross-matings along a rough north to south transect of the range of plum curculio (4 x 4 two-factorial design). there was significantly lower fertility in west virginia males mated with new york and virginia females (40 and 29%, respectively), and florida males had a significantly lower fertility wi ...	2008	19036199
clinical, anamnestic and serological features of peach allergy in portugal.	peach is a common food allergen source throughout europe. the aim of this study was to characterize peach allergy in a portuguese patient population.	2009	19033734
trace element levels in some dried fruit samples from turkey.	trace element levels in nine different dried fruit samples from kayseri, turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after dry and wet digestion methods. good accuracy was assured by the analysis of standard reference material (nist-srm 1515-apple leaves). the contents of trace elements in the samples were determined in the ranges of 1.68-4.52, 0.6-9.4, 5.5-12.4, 6.76-64.1, 4.74-25.5, 0.2-1.78, 0.8-6.17 and 0.1-0.81 microg/g for copper, nickel, lead, iron, manganese, cobalt, c ...	2008	18991103
is a plum a memory problem? longitudinal study of the reversal of concreteness effect in a patient with semantic dementia.	the concreteness effect, which refers to the typically superior performance for concrete concepts compared to abstract ones, is a robust phenomenon that has been observed in normal and brain-damaged subjects in a number of cognitive domains. reversal of this effect was also reported in a few neuropsychological studies, mainly in patients with semantic dementia (sd). in this article, we report the first longitudinal single-case study of a patient with sd, sc, who performed better for abstract tha ...	2009	18973766
addition of fructooligosaccharides and dried plum to soy-based diets reverses bone loss in the ovariectomized rat.	dietary bioactive components that play a role in improving skeletal health have received considerable attention in complementary and alternative medicine practices as a result of their increased efficacy to combat chronic diseases. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the additive or synergistic effects of dried plum and fructooligosaccharides (fos) and to determine whether dried plum and fos or their combination in a soy protein-based diet can restore bone mass in ovarian hormone defic ...	2008	18955356
comparison of monoclonal antibodies and polymerase chain reaction assays for the typing of isolates belonging to the d and m serotypes of plum pox potyvirus.	abstract plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates may be divided into four groups separated by serological, molecular, and epidemiological differences. monoclonal antibodies specific for the two major groups of isolates, represented by the d and m serotypes of the virus, have been obtained. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays allowing the direct detection and differentiation of ppv isolates have also been developed. we now report on a large-scale comparison of these two typing approaches. the ...	1998	18944965
causal role of xylella fastidiosa in oleander leaf scorch disease.	abstract a lethal leaf scorch disease of oleander (nerium oleander) appeared in southern california in 1993. a bacterium, xylella fastidiosa, was detected by culturing, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction in most symptomatic plants but not in symptomless plants or negative controls. inoculating oleanders mechanically with x. fastidiosa cultures from diseased oleanders caused oleander leaf scorch (ols) disease. the bacterium was reisolated from inoculated plants that became d ...	1999	18944803
influence of stem diameter, water content, and freezing-thawing on bacterial canker development in excised stems of dormant stone fruit.	abstract in excised dormant stems of peach (prunus persica), prune (prunus domestica), and almond (prunus dulcis), stem diameter, stem hydration, and freezing-thawing influenced the extent of infection caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. bacterial lesion length increased with increasing stem diameter, demonstrating the need to account for the effects of stem diameter when lesion length data are analyzed. lesion length increased or decreased with stem hydration or dehydration, respective ...	1999	18944742
interference between d and m types of plum pox virus in japanese plum assessed by specific monoclonal antibodies and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.	abstract the dynamics of virus interference between two isolates of plum pox virus (ppv) belonging to the main ppv types, d and m, were analyzed in japanese plum (prunus salicina) by challenge inoculations. to assess the consequences of a ppv-m infection on plum already infected with ppv-d, and vice versa (predominance of one of the strains, recombination, synergism, symptoms aggravation, and so on), 30 japanese plum trees were graft inoculated with ppv-d or ppv-m isolates in quarantine conditio ...	2006	18944448
a single amino acid mutation in the plum pox virus helper component-proteinase gene abolishes both synergistic and rna silencing suppression activities.	abstract the effects on symptom expression of single amino acid mutations in the central region of the plum pox virus (ppv) helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) gene were analyzed in nicotiana benthamiana using potato virus x (pvx) recombinant viruses. pvx recombinant virus expressing the wild-type variant of ppv hc-pro induced the expected enhancement of pvx pathogenicity, manifested as necrosis and plant death. recombinant virus expressing a variant of ppv hc-pro containing a single point muta ...	2005	18944411
identification of plum pox virus determinants implicated in specific interactions with different prunus spp.	abstract the characterization of pathogenic properties of two infectious clones of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates, pgppv (d group) and pgppvps (m group), was investigated in their woody hosts (seedlings of prunus spp.). the two clones differed in their ability to infect plum and peach cultivars, from no infection to local and systemic infection. the phenotype determinants were located with a set of chimeric viruses from the two clones. in plum, determinants of systemic infection were located in a ...	2001	18944389
risk analysis of brown rot blossom blight of prune caused by monilinia fructicola.	experiments under controlled environmental conditions were conducted during bloom of prune (prunus domestica, l.) in 1999 and 2000 to assess the effects of inoculum concentration (ic), wetness duration (wd), temperature, and bloom stages on development of brown rot blossom blight of prunes. branches from trees of a prune orchard were inoculated with monilinia fructicola at different bloom stages and incubated at different temperatures with different periods of wd. the proportion of blighted blos ...	2001	18944033
an evaluation of the genetic diversity of xylella fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus and coffee in são paulo, brazil.	abstract strains of xylella fastidiosa, isolated from sweet orange trees (citrus sinensis) and coffee trees (coffea arabica) with symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis and requeima do café, respectively, were indistinguishable based on repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr assays. these strains were also indistinguishable with a previously described pcr assay that distinguished the citrus strains from all other ...	2001	18943950
phylogenetic relationships of xylella fastidiosa strains isolated from landscape ornamentals in southern california.	abstract xylella fastidiosa is an insect-borne, xylem-limited pathogenic bacterium that has been associated with a rise in incidence of diseased landscape ornamentals in southern california. the objective of this study was to genetically characterize strains isolated from ornamental hosts to understand their distribution and identity. strains of x. fastidiosa isolated from ornamentals were characterized using a multiprimer polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system, random amplified polymorphic dna ...	2007	18943935
identifying risk factors for european stone fruit yellows from a survey.	abstract european stone fruit yellows (esfy) is becoming a major economic problem for prunus growers in europe. the causal agent ("candidatus phytoplasma prunorum") and its vector (cacopsylla pruni) have been identified, but the present knowledge of the risk factors for this disease relies, at best, on specific experiments. to assess the relative significance of several factors correlated with esfy incidence in the field, an exhaustive survey was performed on apricot and japanese plum orchards i ...	2006	18943755
factors affecting the spread of plum pox virus strain m in peach orchards subjected to roguing in france.	abstract we evaluated the impact of roguing on the spread and persistence of the aggressive plum pox virus strain m (ppv-m) in 19 peach orchard blocks in southern france. during a 7- to 10-year period, orchards were visually inspected for ppv symptoms, and symptomatic trees were removed every year. disease incidence was low in all orchards at disease discovery and was <1% in 16 of the 19 orchard blocks. the spread of sharka disease was limited in all 19 blocks, with an annual disease incidence b ...	2004	18943711
spatial pattern analysis of sharka disease (plum pox virus strain m) in peach orchards of southern france.	abstract the spatial pattern of sharka disease, caused by plum pox virus (ppv) strain m, was investigated in 18 peach plots located in two areas of southern france. ppv infections were monitored visually for each individual tree during one to three consecutive years. point pattern and correlation-type approaches were undertaken using the binary data directly or after parsing them in contiguous quadrats of 4, 9, and 16 trees. ordinary runs generally revealed a low but variable proportion of rows ...	2003	18943618
species-specific detection of monilinia fructicola from california stone fruits and flowers.	abstract a set of molecular diagnostics was developed for monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, capable of sensitive detection of the pathogen in planta. species-specific repetitive sequences were identified from a partial library of 312 recombinant clones hybridized with total dna, followed by subsequent screening for specificity. one hundred isolates, comprising 12 fungal species common to california stone fruits, were surveyed for specificity. three clones hybridize ...	2001	18943587
simultaneous detection of the three ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees by nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.	abstract the three most economically damaging ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees on a worldwide scale are the related prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv), prune dwarf virus (pdv), and apple mosaic virus (apmv). nonisotopic molecular hybridization and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) methodologies were developed that could detect all these viruses simultaneously. the latter technique was advantageous because it was discriminatory. for rt-pcr, a degenerate ...	2000	18943373
plum pox in north america: identification of aphid vectors and a potential role for fruit in virus spread.	abstract thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit pennsylvania isolates of plum pox virus (ppv) collected in columbia (penn-3), franklin (penn-4), and york (penn-7) counties, pa. four species, aphis fabae, a. spiraecola, brachycaudus persicae, and myzus persicae, consistently transmitted ppv in preliminary transmission tests. two species, metopolophium dirhodum and rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. toxoptera citricida, from florida, also was an effe ...	2004	18943108
characterization of apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus, a novel trichovirus isolated from stone fruit trees.	abstract a trichovirus closely related to apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) was detected in symptomatic apricot and japanese plum from italy. the sus2 isolate of this agent cross-reacted with anti-aclsv polyclonal reagents but was not detected by broad-specificity anti- aclsv monoclonal antibodies. it had particles with typical trichovirus morphology but, contrary to aclsv, was unable to infect chenopodium quinoa and c. amaranticolor. the sequence of its genome (7,494 nucleotides [nt], mis ...	2005	18943045
the structure of egg-plum gum; the hydrolysis products obtained from the methylated degraded gum.		1948	18906368
analysis of cyanogens with resorcinol and picrate.	the total cyanogenic potential of various substrates (flax seed, stones of peach, plum, nectarine and apricot as well as apple seeds, and various model compounds) was investigated by using the acid hydrolysis method, picrate method, and a novel method based on the reaction of cyanide liberated from plants with resorcinol and picrate. the hydrocyanic acid liberated from cyanogens was trapped by using a 1% sodium bicarbonate. then, 1 ml of extract was mixed with 1 ml of working reagent containing ...	2008	18824068
effect of plasticizer type and amount on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-beeswax edible film properties and postharvest quality of coated plums (cv. angeleno).	the effect of the composition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc)-beeswax (bw) edible coatings on stand-alone film properties and on postharvest quality of coated 'angeleno' plums was studied. glycerol (g) and mannitol (m) were tested as plasticizers at two different plasticizer/hpmc ratios (100:1 and 300:1 molar basis). bw content was 20 or 40% (dry basis). an increase in g content increased film flexibility and vapor permeability (wvp), whereas an increase in m content enhanced film brittl ...	2008	18823125
separation of dna for molecular markers analysis from leaves of the vitis vinifera.	in the present study, three dna extraction procedures were examined to determine which might yield dna from grape leaves suitable for molecular analysis for rapd, ssr. aflp and etc analysis. the three methods examined were: the miniprep procedure and the modified ctab for difficult species and protocol ctab. only the modified ctab method consistently yielded dna suitable for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification, regardless of plant growing conditions or leaf age. the quality and quantit ...	2008	18817243
expression analysis of a plum pathogenesis related 10 (pr10) protein during brown rot infection.	plant pr10 is one of the pathogenesis related proteins, induced upon exposure to different stress conditions including fungal infection. pr10 proteins have been implicated in fungal disease resistance in some species; however its transcriptional regulation is not well understood. in the present work we cloned a pr10 gene from european plums (prunus domestica l.) and monitored the quantitative changes in its transcript levels as a result of fungal infection in two varieties. we also studied the p ...	2009	18815787
a temperature-controlled amplicon system derived from plum pox potyvirus.	the control of replication can facilitate a viral amplicon to reach high expression levels by enabling the virus to escape host defence mechanisms and reducing the deleterious effects of viral infection. we have developed a novel system to regulate amplicon expression by controlling the temperature of plant growth. nicotiana benthamiana plants were transformed at two different temperatures with a cdna copy of the plum pox potyvirus genome harbouring the open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus ...	2009	18801011
inhibitory effects of methanol extract of plum (prunus salicina l., cv. 'soldam') fruits against benzo(alpha)pyrene-induced toxicity in mice.	this study was carried out to investigate the chemopreventive effects of immature plum extracts. the methanol extract of immature plums (plum 1), that are picked at 20-40 days before final harvest, has remarkably inhibited the growth of hepatoma hepg2 cells. the effects of immature plum extracts on hepatotoxicity in benzo(alpha)pyrene (b(alpha)p, carcinogen)-treated mice were investigated. male icr mice were pretreated with immature plum extracts (2.5 or 5 g/kg bw/day, for 5 days, i.p.) before t ...	2008	18786596
odor-baited trap trees: a novel management tool for plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae).	the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), one of the most important pests of apple (malus spp.) in eastern and central north america, historically has been managed in new england apple orchards by three full block insecticide applications. efforts to reduce insecticide inputs against plum curculio include perimeter row sprays, particularly after petal fall, to control immigrating adults. the odor-baited trap tree approach represents a new reduced input strat ...	2008	18767740
dried plums (prunes) reduce atherosclerosis lesion area in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice.	dried plums are a fruit high in pectin with substantial antioxidant activity. previous studies in rats and man indicate that dried plums or plum fibre lower liver and plasma cholesterol, respectively. the apoe-deficient mouse, which develops atherosclerotic lesions rapidly when fed cholesterol, was used to determine the ability of dried plums to reduce atherosclerosis. diets containing 0.15% cholesterol and either 0 (b+c), 4.75% (lo dp) or 9.5% (hi dp) dried plum powder were fed for 5 months. an ...	2009	18761779
non-carcinogenic carbon sorbents for respiratory protection.	activated carbons impregnated with compounds of chromium, copper and silver (cr-cu-ag) are widely used for removing toxic substances from air, mainly in respiratory protection for industrial and military applications. toxicological and epidemiological studies have shown chromium (especially hexavalent cr) to have carcinogenic properties. hence, research has been launched to develop a new adsorption-catalytic complex without chromium, which is intended to replace the activated carbon-catalyst (cr ...	2009	18752891
inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by peach and plum phenolic compounds.	the action of extracts from anthocyanin-enriched plums and peaches on growth and differentiation was studied with human colon cancer cells. growth inhibitory effects were observed in caco-2, sw1116, ht29 and ncm460 cells. in caco-2 cells but not in the other cells studied there was evidence for increased differentiation as judged by increased activity of alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase. a differentiating effect on caco-2 cells was not seen with cyanidin or cyanidin-3-glucoside but ...	2008	18751377
influences of cross pollination on pollen tube growth and fruit set in zuili plums (prunus salicina).	zuili plum (prunus salicina l.) trees usually set fruit poorly, although they produce high quality fruit. to elucidate the causes of the poor fruit set, pollen tube growth into pistils and fruit set percentage were investigated after cross-, self- and open-pollination. ovule development in zuili pistils was also investigated. pollen tube penetration into the ovules via the obturator and micropyle was best when zuili pistils were pollinated by cv. black amber (p. domestica) pollen grains, althoug ...	2008	18713443
host-specific effect of p1 exchange between two potyviruses.	the potyviruses plum pox virus (ppv) and tobacco vein mottling virus (tvmv) have distinct host ranges and induce different symptoms in their common herbaceous hosts. to test the relevance of the p1 protein in host compatibility and pathogenicity, hybrid viruses were constructed in which the p1 coding sequence of ppv was completely or partially replaced by the corresponding sequences from tvmv. infections induced by these chimeric viruses revealed that the tvmv p1 and a ppv/tvmv hybrid p1 protein ...	2008	18705848
aperitif effects on gastric emptying: a crossover study using continuous real-time 13c breath test (breathid system).	the aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between aperitif and gastric emptying. ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study. under two conditions (after drinking an aperitif versus not), the (13)c breath test was performed for 4 h with a liquid meal (200 kcal/200 ml) containing 100 mg (13)c acetate. we used 50 ml of umeshu as the aperitif. this is a traditional japanese plum liqueur, and contains 7 ml alcohol (14%). in the ape ...	2009	18688714
molecular markers reveal strong geographic, but not host associated, genetic differentiation in aphidius transcaspicus, a parasitoid of the aphid genus hyalopterus.	host plant associated genetic differentiation is a common phenomenon in phytophagous insects, but the degree to which such associations sequentially drive diversification at higher trophic levels is not as well understood. a recent study examining neutral molecular markers in hyalopterus aphids revealed that genetic structure in this genus is strongly determined by primary host plant use (prunus spp.). in this paper, we take a similar approach to determine whether this host plant specificity has ...	2009	18662432
a rapid and effective method for rna extraction from different tissues of grapevine and other woody plants.	rna quality and integrity are critical for many studies in plant molecular biology. high-quality rna extraction from grapevine and other woody plants is problematic due to the presence of polysaccharides, polyphenolics and other compounds that bind or co-precipitate with the rna.	2008	18618437
altered gene expression changes in arabidopsis leaf tissues and protoplasts in response to plum pox virus infection.	virus infection induces the activation and suppression of global gene expression in the host. profiling gene expression changes in the host may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie host physiological and phenotypic responses to virus infection. in this study, the arabidopsis affymetrix ath1 array was used to assess global gene expression changes in arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with plum pox virus (ppv). to identify early genes in response to ppv infection, an arab ...	2008	18613973
antioxidant properties of dried plum ingredients in raw and precooked pork sausage.	raw pork sausages with no antioxidant (control), 3% or 6% dried plum puree (dp), 3% or 6% dried plum and apple puree (dpa), or 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole (bha/bht) were (1) stored raw in chubs at 4 degrees c (rr) and evaluated weekly over 28 d, (2) cooked as patties, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 degrees c (pr) for weekly evaluation over 28 d, or (3) cooked, vacuum packaged, and stored at -20 degrees c (pf) and evaluated monthly over 90 d. dp at 3% or 6% level ...	2008	18576997
the prehistory of potyviruses: their initial radiation was during the dawn of agriculture.	potyviruses are found world wide, are spread by probing aphids and cause considerable crop damage. potyvirus is one of the two largest plant virus genera and contains about 15% of all named plant virus species. when and why did the potyviruses become so numerous? here we answer the first question and discuss the other.	2008	18575612
plum pox virus variability detected by the advanced analytical methods.	plum pox virus (ppv) infects stone-fruit trees with important economical impact mainly in europe and mediterranean region. the data about ppv intra-species variability accumulated markedly in the last two decades. six ppv strains have been recognized using different approaches including serology, protein analysis, specific amplification, and genome sequencing. reliable and sensitive diagnostics is the most important requirement for application of early control and safety measures. therefore, man ...	2008	18564894
the promiscuous evolutionary history of the family bromoviridae.	recombination and segment reassortment are important contributors to the standing genetic variation of rna viruses and are often involved in the genesis of new, emerging viruses. this study explored the role played by these two processes in the evolutionary radiation of the plant virus family bromoviridae. the evolutionary history of this family has been explored previously using standard molecular phylogenetic methods, but incongruences have been found among the trees inferred from different ge ...	2008	18559945
analyzing a liquid-solid phase countercurrent two- and three-stage adsorption process with the freundlich equation.	adsorbent consumption advantages of a countercurrent two- and three-stage process are described. the freundlich equation and equilibrium-stage were used to deduce these adsorption processes; it was proved that large adsorbent savings were obtained from operations of these systems in most cases. microporous activated carbon was prepared from plum kernels with koh chemical activation. isotherm equilibrium adsorptions of three dyes (bb1, mb, and ab74) and three phenols (phenol, 4-cp, and 2,4-dcp) w ...	2009	18556116
characterization of plum procyanidins by thiolytic depolymerization.	the phenolic compounds of 'green gage' (gg) plums ( prunus domestica l.), "rainha claudia verde", from a 'protected designation of origin' (pdo), in portugal, were quantified in both flesh and skin tissues of plums collected in two different orchards (gg-v and gg-c). analyzes of phenolic compounds were also performed on another gg european plum obtained in france (gg-f) and two other french plums, 'mirabelle' (m) and 'golden japan' (gj). thiolysis was used for the first time in the analysis of p ...	2008	18540618
characterization and antioxidative properties of oligomeric proanthocyanidin from prunes, dried fruit of prunus domestica l.	a prune extract was separated by an antioxidant-guided assay to obtain an oligomeric proanthocyanidin fraction. the antioxidative oligomer was characterized as a procyanidin oligomer with an average polymerization degree of five and composed of epicatechin and catechin units. the antioxidative activity of the oligomer showed greater potency than chlorogenic acid which is known as an antioxidative component in prunes.	2008	18540093
efficient amelioration of carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes by syzygium cumini skeels extract.	syzygium cumini, indian black plum or java plum, is a rich source for anthocyanins (230 mg/100g dw) showing high antioxidant activity in vitro. in the following study it is further demonstrated that s. cumini peel extract rich in anthocyanins (sca) offers considerable protection against carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced damage in rat hepatocytes. sca itself being non-toxic to primary rat hepatocytes at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ppm, was found to suppress ccl(4)-induced ldh leakag ...	2008	18538978
respiratory allergy to lipid transfer protein.	due to unclear reasons, allergy to lipid transfer protein (ltp) is frequent in mediterranean countries but rare in northern europe.	2008	18535391
alteration in the chloroplastic metabolism leads to ros accumulation in pea plants in response to plum pox virus.	in this work, a recombinant plum pox virus (ppv, sharka) encoding green fluorescent protein is used to study its effect on antioxidant enzymes and protein expression at the subcellular level in pea plants (cv. alaska). ppv had produced chlorotic spots as well as necrotic spots in the oldest leaves at 13-15 d post-inoculation. at 15 d post-inoculation, ppv was present in the chlorotic and necrotic areas, as shown by the fluorescence signal produced by the presence of the green fluorescent protein ...	2008	18535298
differential regulation of four members of the acc synthase gene family in plum.	the regulation of acc synthase (acs) genes was studied in early ('early golden') and late ('shiro') japanese plum cultivars (prunus salicina l.) in order to determine the role of this gene family in fruit ripening. of the four ps-acs cdnas isolated, two (ps-acs1 and -3) showed differential expression between the two cultivars. ps-acs1 accumulated during fruit ripening of 'early golden' ('eg') and 'shiro' ('sh') in ethylene-dependent and -independent manners, respectively. ps-acs3a transcripts ac ...	2008	18535295
biosecurity. fate of plum island animal lab still unclear.		2008	18511663