Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| genetic evaluation for bovine tuberculosis resistance in dairy cattle. | genetic evaluations for resistance to bovine tuberculosis (btb) were calculated based on british national data including individual animal tuberculin skin test results, postmortem examination (presence of btb lesions and bacteriological culture for mycobacterium bovis), animal movement and location information, production history, and pedigree records. holstein cows with identified sires in herds with btb breakdowns (new herd incidents) occurring between the years 2000 and 2014 were considered. ... | 2017 | 27939547 |
| behaviour of european badgers and non-target species towards candidate baits for oral delivery of a tuberculosis vaccine. | in the uk and the republic of ireland, the european badger (meles meles) is a maintenance host for mycobacterium bovis, and may transmit the infection to cattle causing bovine tuberculosis (tb). vaccination of badgers using an injectable bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine is undertaken in some areas of the uk with the intention of interrupting this transmission, and vaccination research is underway in ireland. an oral badger tb vaccine is also under development. we investigated the behaviour ... | 2016 | 27931935 |
| assessing the impact of tailored biosecurity advice on farmer behaviour and pathogen presence in beef herds in england and wales. | the term 'biosecurity' encompasses many measures farmers can take to reduce the risk of pathogen incursion or spread. as the best strategy will vary between settings, veterinarians play an important role in assessing risk and providing advice, but effectiveness requires farmer acceptance and implementation. the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of specifically-tailored biosecurity advice packages in reducing endemic pathogen presence on uk beef suckler farms. one hundred and sixt ... | 2016 | 27931934 |
| mycobacterium malmesburyense sp. nov: a novel non-tuberculous mycobacterium species revealed by multiple gene sequence characterization. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous in the environment and an increasing number of ntm species have been isolated and characterized from both humans and animals, highlighting the zoonotic potential of these bacteria. host exposure to ntm may impact on cross-reactive immune responsiveness which may affect diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis and may also play a role in the variability of the efficacy of mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccination against tuberculosis. in this study we character ... | 2016 | 27926825 |
| infection by mycobacterium bovis in a dog from brazil. | tuberculosis (tb) is a chronic disease caused by bacteria belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). this disease rarely affects dogs. canine infections are usually caused by m. tuberculosis. mycobacterium bovis infections are rare in dogs and associated with consumption of raw milk or contaminated products. here, we report a boxer dog who had a m. bovis infection and was admitted to a brazilian veterinary hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic ehrlichiosis. despite re ... | 2017 | 27914739 |
| arteriocutaneous fistula associated with bilateral femoral pseudoaneurysms caused by bacillus calmette-guérin. apropos of a case and review of literature. | vascular complications of intravesical instillation of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) are rare. bcg is an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis that was initially developed for vaccination against tuberculosis, but it has also been used as an adjuvant treatment for bladder transitional carcinoma. we report a patient with a history of instillation of bcg 2 years before, who underwent surgical treatment of 2 pseudoaneurysms. the first, located in the left superficial femoral artery (sfa), was r ... | 2017 | 27903467 |
| differential cytokine gene expression in granulomas from lungs and lymph nodes of cattle experimentally infected with aerosolized mycobacterium bovis. | the hallmark lesion of tuberculosis in humans and animals is the granuloma. the granuloma represents a distinct host cellular immune response composed of epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, often surrounding a caseous necrotic core. within the granuloma, host-pathogen interactions determine disease outcome. factors within the granulomas such as cytokines and chemokines drive cell recruitment, activity, function and ultimately the success or failure of the host's ... | 2016 | 27902779 |
| field trial of an aerially-distributed tuberculosis vaccine in a low-density wildlife population of brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula). | oral-delivery mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine in a lipid matrix has been shown to confer protection against m. bovis infection and reduce the severity of tuberculosis (tb) when fed to brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula), the major wildlife vector of bovine tb in new zealand. here we demonstrate the feasibility of aerial delivery of this live vaccine in bait form to an m. bovis-infected wild possum population, and subsequently assess vaccine uptake and field effic ... | 2016 | 27893793 |
| endophthalmitis in a patient treated with bacillus calmette-guérin immunotherapy. | intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) instillation has become one of the mainstays of adjunctive therapy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. ophthalmologic complications are rare, but few cases are reported in the literature. | 2016 | 27893591 |
| co-infection with mycobacterium bovis does not alter the response to bovine leukemia virus in bola drb3*0902, genetically resistant cattle. | high proviral load (hpl) profile in bovine leukemia virus infected animals poses increased risk of transmission, and development of hpl or low proviral load (lpl) profile may be attributed to host genetics. genetic resistance and susceptibility has been mapped to the major histocompatibility complex class ii drb3 gene (bola drb3). the aim of this work was to determine the effect of mycobacterium bovis infection on certain virological and host immunological parameters of blv experimental infectio ... | 2016 | 27892856 |
| a slowly growing orange patch on the cheek: diagnosis of lupus vulgaris 20 years after onset of first skin changes. | tuberculosis is a worldwide occurring disease that affects approximately 20-40% of the world's population and in particular in developing countries. however, in times of migration, industrialised countries are again being more and more affected. cutaneous tuberculosis is rare and lupus vulgaris represents its most common form. preferentially, young adults in developing or low-income countries are affected from cutaneous tuberculosis, which usually occurs in previously sensitized persons with a h ... | 2017 | 27888486 |
| mucosal bcg vaccination induces protective lung-resident memory t cell populations against tuberculosis. | mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (tb), yet its moderate efficacy against pulmonary tb calls for improved vaccination strategies. mucosal bcg vaccination generates superior protection against tb in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection remain elusive. tissue-resident memory t (trm) cells have been implicated in protective immune responses against viral infections, but the role of trm cells following mycobacterial in ... | 2016 | 27879332 |
| over-expression of the mycobacterial trehalose-phosphate phosphatase otsb2 results in a defect in macrophage phagocytosis associated with increased mycobacterial-macrophage adhesion. | trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (otsb2) is involved in the otsab trehalose synthesis pathway to produce free trehalose and is strictly essential for mycobacterial growth. we wished to determine the effects of otsb2 expression on mycobacterial phenotypes such as growth, phagocytosis and survival in macrophages. mycobacterium bovis-bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) over-expressing otsb2 were able to better survive in stationary phase. over-expression of otsb2 led to a decrease in phagocytosis but n ... | 2016 | 27867377 |
| oral vaccination of cattle with heat inactivated mycobacterium bovis does not compromise bovine tb diagnostic tests. | in this study we investigated whether oral uptake of a heat inactivated m. bovis wildlife vaccine by domestic cattle induced systemic immune responses that compromised the use of tuberculin or defined antigens in diagnostic tests for bovine tb. positive skin test and blood-based ifn-γ release assay (igra) results were observed in all calves vaccinated via the parenteral route (i.e. intramuscular). in contrast, no positive responses to tuberculin or defined antigens were observed in either the sk ... | 2016 | 27863556 |
| test performance of three serological assays for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus). | sporadic cases of bovine tuberculosis (btb) have been reported in warthogs in southern africa and confirmed through mycobacterial culture. however, there are no validated ante-mortem tests currently available for btb in warthogs. in this study, we evaluated the use of three serological assays for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in warthogs; an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using bovine purified protein derivative (ppdb) as a capture antigen (indirect ppd elisa ... | 2016 | 27863555 |
| long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme a ligase fadd2 mediates intrinsic pyrazinamide resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | pyrazinamide (pza) is a first-line tuberculosis (tb) drug that has been in clinical use for 60 years yet still has an unresolved mechanism of action. based upon the observation that the minimum concentration of pza required to inhibit the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis is approximately 1,000-fold higher than that of other first-line drugs, we hypothesized that m. tuberculosis expresses factors that mediate intrinsic resistance to pza. to identify genes associated with intrinsic pza resista ... | 2017 | 27855077 |
| primary tuberculosis of hand soft tissue. | the musculoskeletal extrapulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon, the upper extremity tuberculosis is not common and the mycobacterial involvement of skin of hands and synovial sheath of tendons is rare. this prospective observational study was undertaken between august 2014 and december 2015 in a tertiary referral hospital. patients attending with suspected primary tuberculosis of soft tissue of the hand were included. anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the hand, wrist and lung and mri were ... | 2016 | 27853698 |
| enhanced protective efficacy against tuberculosis provided by a recombinant urease deficient bcg expressing heat shock protein 70-major membrane protein-ii having pest sequence. | enhancement of the t cell-stimulating ability of mycobacterium bovis bcg (bcg) is necessary to develop an effective tuberculosis vaccine. for this purpose, we introduced the pest-hsp70-major membrane protein-ii (mmpii)-pest fusion gene into urec-gene depleted recombinant (r) bcg to produce bcg-pest. the pest sequence is involved in the proteasomal processing of antigens. bcg-pest secreted the pest-hsp70-mmpii-pest fusion protein and more efficiently activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cel ... | 2016 | 27847173 |
| detection of mycobacterium bovis in artisanal cheese in the state of pernambuco, brazil. | the present study was aimed at detecting mycobacterium bovis in artisanal cheese using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | 2016 | 27847008 |
| is targeted removal a suitable means for tuberculosis control in wild boar? | we assessed the suitability of targeted removal as a means for tuberculosis (tb) control on an intensely managed eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) hunting estate. the 60km(2) large study area included one capture (treatment) site, one control site, and one release site. each site was fenced. in the summers of 2012, 2013 and 2014, 929 wild boar were live-captured on the treatment site. all wild boar were micro-chipped and tested using an animal side lateral flow test immediately after capture in or ... | 2016 | 27843020 |
| management of on-farm risk to livestock from bovine tuberculosis in michigan, usa, white-tailed deer: predictions from a spatially-explicit stochastic model. | the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, from cattle in many locations worldwide is complicated by endemic foci of the disease in free-ranging wildlife. recent simulation modeling of the btb outbreak in white-tailed deer (wtd) in michigan, usa, suggests current management is unlikely to eradicate btb from the core outbreak area (dmu 452) within the next three decades. however, some level of control short of eradication might sufficiently reduce transmission fr ... | 2016 | 27836043 |
| draft genome sequence of mycobacterium bovis strain d-10-02315 isolated from wild boar. | mycobacterium bovis is the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease, affecting livestock, wild animals, and sometimes humans. we report the draft genome sequence of a mycobacterium bovis strain isolated from wild boar of spoligotype sb0120 (or bcg-like) also present in wildlife-livestock multi-host systems. | 2016 | 27834714 |
| trna-mediated codon-biased translation in mycobacterial hypoxic persistence. | microbial pathogens adapt to the stress of infection by regulating transcription, translation and protein modification. we report that changes in gene expression in hypoxia-induced non-replicating persistence in mycobacteria-which models tuberculous granulomas-are partly determined by a mechanism of trna reprogramming and codon-biased translation. mycobacterium bovis bcg responded to each stage of hypoxia and aerobic resuscitation by uniquely reprogramming 40 modified ribonucleosides in trna, wh ... | 2016 | 27834374 |
| low dose bcg infection as a model for macrophage activation maintaining cell viability. | mycobacterium bovis bcg, the current vaccine against tuberculosis, is ingested by macrophages promoting the development of effector functions including cell death and microbicidal mechanisms. despite accumulating reports on m. tuberculosis, mechanisms of bcg/macrophage interaction remain relatively undefined. in vivo, few bacilli are sufficient to establish a mycobacterial infection; however, in vitro studies systematically use high mycobacterium doses. in this study, we analyze macrophage/bcg i ... | 2016 | 27833923 |
| divergent macrophage responses to mycobacterium bovis among naturally exposed uninfected and infected cattle. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (tb), is a successful pathogen that remains an important global threat to livestock. cattle naturally exposed to m. bovis normally become reactive to the m. bovis-purified protein derivative (tuberculin) skin test; however, some individuals remain negative, suggesting that they may be resistant to infection. to better understand host innate resistance to infection, 26 cattle from herds with a long history of high tb prevalence were ... | 2016 | 27833091 |
| human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis: a retrospective comparison with mycobacterium tuberculosis in a mexican tertiary care centre, 2000-2015. | human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis is believed to be frequent in developing countries. transmission is usually through ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, although airborne contagion is possible. disease caused by m. tuberculosis or m. bovis is clinically indistinguishable from each other. the aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with m. bovis disease. | 2016 | 27825312 |
| increased lytic efficiency of bovine macrophages trained with killed mycobacteria. | innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved in multicellular organisms and was considered to lack memory until very recently. one of its more characteristic mechanisms is phagocytosis, the ability of cells to engulf, process and eventually destroy any injuring agent. we report the results of an ex vivo experiment in bovine macrophages in which improved clearance of mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) was induced by pre-exposure to a heat killed m. bovis preparation. the effects were independent of hu ... | 2016 | 27820836 |
| comparative study of mycobacterium bovis primary isolation methods. | for the definitive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, isolation of the etiologic agent is required. however, there is no consensus on the best methodology for isolation of mycobacterium bovis in brazil. this study evaluated the most used decontaminants and culture media in the country, in order to identify the best combination for the brazilian samples. three decontaminants - 2% sodium hydroxide (w/v), 0.75% hexadecylpiridinium chloride (w/v) and 5% sulphuric acid (v/v) and four culture media - 7 ... | 2017 | 27818094 |
| isolation of mycobacterium bovis from free-ranging wildlife in south korea. | we demonstrate mycobacterium bovis infection in wild boar ( sus scrofa ) in south korea. during 2012-15, we attempted to isolate m. bovis from 847 wild animals, mainly korean water deer ( hydropotes inermis argyropus), raccoon dogs ( nyctereutes procyonoides ), and wild boar, from 11 regions in south korea. we isolated m. bovis from three of 118 wild boar (2.5%) captured in gyeonggi province, where bovine tuberculosis (btb) outbreaks have also occurred in livestock. spoligotypes and mycobacteria ... | 2017 | 27809648 |
| limited antibody evidence of exposure to mycobacterium bovis in feral swine (sus scrofa) in the usa. | bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease of cattle ( bos taurus ) caused by the bacterium mycobacterium bovis . efforts have been made in the us to eradicate the disease in cattle, but spillover into wildlife and subsequent spillback have impeded progress in some states. in particular, infection in white-tailed deer ( odocoileus virginianus ) has been followed by infection in cattle in some midwestern states. infection has also been documented in feral swine ( sus scrofa ) on the hawaiian island ... | 2017 | 27809647 |
| an unusual case of candida ciferrii fungemia in an immunocompromised patient with crohn's and mycobacterium bovis disease. | we present a case report of a fungal bloodstream infection due to an unusual pathogen. this is a 30 years-old female patient diagnosed with crohn's disease and a disseminated mycobacterium bovis infection subsequently complicated by fungemia due to the emergent yeast pathogen candida ciferrii, who was unresponsive to fluconazole and made a full recovery after treatment with posaconazole. to our knowledge, this is the first report of candida ciferrii isolation from blood in an adult associated to ... | 2016 | 27801382 |
| increased tnf-α/ifn-γ/il-2 and decreased tnf-α/ifn-γ production by central memory t cells are associated with protective responses against bovine tuberculosis following bcg vaccination. | central memory t cell (tcm) and polyfunctional cd4 t cell responses contribute to vaccine-elicited protection with both human and bovine tuberculosis (tb); however, their combined role in protective immunity to tb is unclear. to address this question, we evaluated polyfunctional cytokine responses by cd4 t cell effector/memory populations from bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves by flow cytometry prior to and after aerosol challenge with virulent mycobacterium bovi ... | 2016 | 27799930 |
| diagnosis and implications of mycobacterium bovis infection in banded mongooses (mungos mungo) in the kruger national park, south africa. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) was first diagnosed in the kruger national park (knp) in 1990. research has since focused on the maintenance host, the african buffalo ( syncerus caffer ) and clinically affected lion ( panthera leo ). however, little is known about the role of small predators in tuberculosis epidemiology. during 2011-12, we screened banded mongooses ( mungos mungo ) in the btb high-prevalence zone of the knp for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members. fecal swabs, tracheal swabs, a ... | 2017 | 27788055 |
| sternal osteomyelitis after bacillus calmette-guérin vaccination. | presented here is the case of a nine-month-old boy with the osteomyelitis of the upper area sternum caused by bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), the danish 1331 strain vaccine against tuberculosis. upon examination, a swelling of approximately 2×3 cm diameter was observed in the upper sternal area. the mass was hard, fixed and sensitive to palpation with no local skin hyperaemia. chest x-rays revealed a round mass anterior to the sternum, suggesting a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. a consequent sterna ... | 2016 | 27777704 |
| molecular and epidemiological population-based integrative analysis of human and animal mycobacterium bovis infections in a low-prevalence setting. | human mycobacterium bovis infections are considered to be due to reactivations, when involve elderly people, or to recent transmissions, when exposure is occupational. we determined the cause of m. bovis infections by genotyping m. bovis isolates in a population-based study integrating human and animal databases. among the 1,586 tuberculosis (tb) cases in asturias, northern spain (1,080,000 inhabitants), 1,567 corresponded to m. tuberculosis and 19 to m. bovis. the number of human isolates shari ... | 2016 | 27771068 |
| secretome profiling of highly virulent mycobacterium bovis 04-303 strain reveals higher abundance of virulence-associated proteins. | mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of tuberculosis in farms, wildlife and causes sporadic disease in humans. despite the high similitude in genome sequence between m. bovis strains, some strains like the wild boar 04-303 isolate show a highly virulent phenotype in animal models. comparative studies will contribute to link protein expression with the virulence phenotype. in vitro, the 04-303 strain was more phagocytized by j774a.1 macrophages in comparison with 444 strain (a cow isolate w ... | 2016 | 27769937 |
| a cfse-based assay to study the migration of murine skin dendritic cells into draining lymph nodes during infection with mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin. | dendritic cells (dcs) are important for initiating immune responses, in part through their ability to acquire and shuttle antigen to the draining lymph node (dln). the mobilization of dcs to the dln is complex and remains to be fully elucidated during infection. herein described is the use of an innovative, simple assay that relies on the fluorochrome 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (cfse) to track the migration of dcs during footpad infection with mycobacterium bovis ba ... | 2016 | 27768071 |
| mycobacterium bovis bcg and new vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis. | tuberculosis infects millions of people worldwide and remains a leading global killer despite widespread neonatal administration of the tuberculosis vaccine, bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). bcg has clear and sustained efficacy, but after 10 years, its efficacy appears to wane, at least in some populations. fortunately, there are many new tuberculosis vaccines in development today, some in advanced stages of clinical trial testing. here we review the epidemiological need for tuberculosis vaccinat ... | 2016 | 27763257 |
| left anterior descending coronary artery and multiple peripheral mycotic aneurysms due to mycobacterium bovis following intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin therapy: a case report. | the use of live attenuated intravesicular bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) therapy is a generally accepted safe and effective method for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder. although rare, < 5% of patient's treated with intravesicular bcg therapy may develop potentially serious complications, including localized infections to the genitourinary tract, mycotic aneurysms and osteomyelitis. we present here a case of a 63-year-old male who developed left corona ... | 2016 | 27761190 |
| pyrazinamide resistance is caused by two distinct mechanisms: prevention of coenzyme a depletion and loss of virulence factor synthesis. | pyrazinamide (pza) is a critical component of first- and second-line treatments of tuberculosis (tb), yet its mechanism of action largely remains an enigma. we carried out a genetic screen to isolate mycobacterium bovis bcg mutants resistant to pyrazinoic acid (poa), the bioactive derivative of pza, followed by whole genome sequencing of 26 poa resistant strains. rather than finding mutations in the proposed candidate targets fatty acid synthase i and ribosomal protein s1, we found resistance co ... | 2016 | 27759369 |
| differential inflammasome activation signatures following intracellular infection of human macrophages with mycobacterium bovis bcg or trypanosoma cruzi. | pathogens frequently exploit or evade inflammasome activation in order to survive and proliferate. alternatively, inadequate inflammasome activation by attenuated microorganisms or adjuvanted subunit vaccines may contribute to poor longevity of protection. to further understand these pathways, we determined the differential inflammasome transcriptome of human thp monocyte-derived macrophages in response to mycobacterium bovis bcg, as compared to lps or trypanosoma cruzi. the results identify the ... | 2016 | 27733245 |
| experimental infection models of tuberculosis in domestic livestock. | in this article we present experimental mycobacterium bovis infection models in domestic livestock species and how these models were applied to vaccine development, biomarker discovery, and the definition of specific antigens for the differential diagnosis of infected and vaccinated animals. in particular, we highlight synergies between human and bovine tuberculosis (tb) research approaches and data and propose that the application of bovine tb models could make a valuable contribution to human ... | 2016 | 27726786 |
| paleomicrobiology of human tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is a significant global disease today, so understanding its origins and history is important. it is primarily a lung infection and is transmitted by infectious aerosols from person to person, so a high population density encourages its spread. the causative organism is mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate pathogen in the m. tuberculosis complex that also contains closely related species, such as mycobacterium bovis, that primarily infect animals. typical bone lesions occur in abo ... | 2016 | 27726782 |
| suppression of protective responses upon activation of l-type voltage gated calcium channel in macrophages during mycobacterium bovis bcg infection. | the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) strains eliciting drug resistance has necessitated the need for understanding the complexities of host pathogen interactions. the regulation of calcium homeostasis by voltage gated calcium channel (vgccs) upon m. tb infection has recently assumed importance in this area. we previously showed a suppressor role of vgcc during m. tb infections and recently reported the mechanisms of its regulation by m. tb. here in this report, we further charact ... | 2016 | 27723836 |
| innate immune responses after airway epithelial stimulation with mycobacterium bovis bacille-calmette guérin. | mycobacterium bovis bacilli calmette-guerin (bcg) is used as a benchmark to compare the immunogenicity of new vaccines against tuberculosis. this live vaccine is administered intradermal, but several new studies show that changing the route to mucosal immunisation represents an improved strategy. we analysed the immunomodulatory functions of bcg on human neutrophils and primary airway epithelial cells (aecs), as the early events of mucosal immune activation are unclear. neutrophils and the prima ... | 2016 | 27723804 |
| evaluating the efficacy of regionalisation in limiting high-risk livestock trade movements. | many countries implement regionalisation as a measure to control economically important livestock diseases. given that regionalisation highlights the difference in disease risk between animal subpopulations, this may discourage herd managers in low-risk areas from purchasing animals from high-risk areas to protect the disease-free status of their herds. using bovine tuberculosis (btb) in new zealand as a case example, we develop a novel network simulation model to predict how much the frequency ... | 2016 | 27720025 |
| improving qpcr methodology for detection of foaming bacteria by analysis of broad-spectrum primers and a highly specific probe for quantification of nocardia spp. in activated sludge. | to develop qpcr broad-spectrum primers combined with a nocardia genus-specific probe for the identification of a broad spectrum of nocardia spp. and to analyse the effects of using this developed primer and probe set on the ability to quantify nocardia spp. in mixed dna. | 2017 | 27699950 |
| zoonotic tuberculosis in human beings caused by mycobacterium bovis-a call for action. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is recognised as the primary cause of human tuberculosis worldwide. however, substantial evidence suggests that the burden of mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, might be underestimated in human beings as the cause of zoonotic tuberculosis. in 2013, results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of global zoonotic tuberculosis showed that the same challenges and concerns expressed 15 years ago remain valid. these challenges faced by people with z ... | 2017 | 27697390 |
| multinucleated giant cell cytokine expression in pulmonary granulomas of cattle experimentally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | regardless of host, pathogenic mycobacteria of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex such as mycobacterium bovis, induce a characteristic lesion known as a granuloma, tubercle or tuberculoid granuloma. granulomas represent a distinct host response to chronic antigenic stimuli, such as foreign bodies, certain bacterial components, or persistent pathogens such as m. bovis. granulomas are composed of specific cell types including epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes and a morphologically distincti ... | 2016 | 27692093 |
| quinolidene-rhodanine conjugates: facile synthesis and biological evaluation. | a series of rhodanine incorporated quinoline derivatives were efficiently synthesized using reusable dbu acetate as ionic liquid and evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra (mtb) (atcc 25177) and mycobacterium bovis bcg (atcc 35743) both in active and dormant state. compounds 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h and 3i exhibited very good antitubercular activity. the active compounds were studied for cytotoxicity against huvec, thp-1, macrophages, a549, panc-1 and ... | 2017 | 27688192 |
| responses to diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis in dairy and non-dairy cattle naturally exposed to mycobacterium bovis in great britain. | field surveillance of british cattle using the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (sicct) test shows a higher incidence rate of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in dairy compared to beef herds, but a lower probability of post-mortem examination confirmed (pmc) mycobacterium bovis infection in dairy herds. a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare animal level differences in btb detection between dairy and non-dairy cattle in great britain. during the period from 2002 to 2005, 200 ... | 2016 | 27687920 |
| oxidative stress in wild boars naturally and experimentally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ros-rns) are important defence substances involved in the immune response against pathogens. an excessive increase in ros-rns, however, can damage the organism causing oxidative stress (os). the organism is able to neutralise os by the production of antioxidant enzymes (ae); hence, tissue damage is the result of an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status. though some work has been carried out in humans, there is a lack of information about the oxida ... | 2016 | 27682987 |
| total hip arthroplasty infection due to mycobacterium bovis, after bcg therapy. | the loosening of total joint replacement is a frequent complication after total hip arthroplasty (tha). septic osteolysis should always be feared. we report here a rare case of hip arthroplasty infection due to mycobacterium bovis after bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) therapy in a context of bladder cancer. | 2016 | 27676732 |
| investigation of c-5 alkynyl (alkynyloxy or hydroxymethyl) and/or n-3 propynyl substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogs as a new class of antimicrobial agents. | the resurgence of mycobacterial infections and the emergence of drug-resistant strains urgently require a new class of agents that are distinct than current therapies. a group of 5-ethynyl (6-10), 5-(2-propynyloxy) (16, 18, 20, 22, 24), 5-(2-propynyloxy)-3-n-(2-propynyl) (17, 19, 21, 23, 25) and 5-hydroxymethyl-3-n-(2-propynyl) (30-33) derivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated against mycobacteria [mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and mycobac ... | 2016 | 27665179 |
| association between vitamin d supplementation and severity of tuberculosis in wild boar and red deer. | tuberculosis (tb) is a chronic disease affecting humans and other mammal species. severity of tb caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans seems to be influenced by nutritional factors like vitamin d3 intake. however, this relationship has been scarcely studied in cattle and other mammals infected with mycobacterium bovis. the aim of this work was to assess if wildlife reservoirs of m. bovis show different levels of tb severity depending on the level of vitamin d found in serum after supple ... | 2016 | 27663379 |
| balancing trained immunity with persistent immune activation and the risk of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in infant macaques vaccinated with attenuated mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccine. | our goal is to develop a pediatric combination vaccine to protect the vulnerable infant population against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and tuberculosis (tb) infections. the vaccine consists of an auxotroph mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that coexpresses hiv antigens. utilizing an infant rhesus macaque model, we have previously shown that this attenuated m. tuberculosis (amtb)-simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) vaccine is immunogenic, and although the vaccine did not prevent o ... | 2017 | 27655885 |
| evaluation of complementary diagnostic tools for bovine tuberculosis detection in dairy herds from india. | a cross-sectional study was undertaken to know the herd prevalence and evaluate the single intradermal tuberculin testing (sitt), culture isolation, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (tb). | 2016 | 27651675 |
| disseminated bacille calmette-guérin disease in saudi children: clinical profile, microbiology, immunology evaluation and outcome. | the bacille calmette guérin (bcg) vaccine is administered worldwide to prevent tuberculosis. although, post bcg vaccination complications like disseminated bcg infections are rare and immunocompromised children are at high risk of developing bcg-related complications including bcg-lymphadenitis and other disseminated diseases. | 2016 | 27649674 |
| first report of mycobacterium bovis isolation from a european fallow deer (dama dama dama) in iran. | at present, most of iran is free of bovine tuberculosis (tb). the strategy of control and eradication in iran involves a tuberculation test and slaughter of reactors, a procedure transformed the present-day prevalence of tb into a sporadic occurrence. this paper describes the first report of bovine tuberculosis in a european fallow deer (dama dama dama) in iran. the deer was emaciated and found dead in the hoveize provincial zoo park. post-mortem examinations revealed multifocal granulomatous an ... | 2016 | 27648426 |
| molecular typing of mycobacterium bovis from cattle reared in midwest brazil. | mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), the pathogen responsible for serious economic impact on the livestock sector. in order to obtain data on isolated m. bovis strains and assist in the control and eradication program for btb, a cross sectional descriptive molecular epidemiology study in the brazilian midwest was conducted. through spoligotyping and 24-loci miru-vntr methods, 37 clinical isolates of m. bovis circulating in the region were analyzed, 10 isolated ... | 2016 | 27631383 |
| two alternative dna extraction methods to improve the detection of mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex members in cattle and red deer tissue samples. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), which is caused by mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae, is a notifiable animal disease in germany. diagnostic procedure is based on a prescribed protocol that is published in the framework of german btb legislation. in this protocol small sample volumes are used for dna extraction followed by real-time pcr analyses. as mycobacteria tend to concentrate in granuloma and the infected tissue in early stages of infection does not necessarily show any visible lesions, it is li ... | 2016 | 27629399 |
| polyfunctional cd4 t-cells correlate with in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition following mycobacterium bovis bcg-vaccination of infants. | vaccination with bacillus calmette guerin (bcg) protects infants against childhood tuberculosis however the immune mechanisms involved are not well understood. further elucidation of the infant immune response to bcg will aid with the identification of immune correlates of protection against tuberculosis and with the design of new improved vaccines. the purpose of this study was to investigate bcg-induced cd4+ t-cell responses in blood samples from infants for cytokine secretion profiles thought ... | 2016 | 27622301 |
| antimycobacterial activity and low cytotoxicity of leaf extracts of some african anacardiaceae tree species. | treatment of tuberculosis (tb) is a challenge because of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis. plant species contain antimicrobial compounds that may lead to new anti-tb drugs. previous screening of some tree species from the anacardiaceae family revealed the presence of antimicrobial activity, justifying further investigations. leaf extracts of 15 anacardiaceae tree species were screened for antimycobacterial activity using a twofold serial micr ... | 2016 | 27619156 |
| differential cell composition and cytokine expression within lymph node granulomas from bcg-vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle experimentally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | cattle vaccination against bovine tuberculosis (btb) has been proposed as a supplementary method to help control the incidences of this disease. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is currently the only viable candidate vaccine for immunization of cattle against btb, caused by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis). in an attempt to characterize the differences in the immune response following m. bovis infection between bcg-vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals, a combination of gross pathology, histopatholo ... | 2016 | 27615603 |
| mycobacterium bovis prosthetic joint infection. | 2016 | 27609594 | |
| miru-vntr allelic variability depends on mycobacterium bovis clonal group identity. | the description of the population of m. bovis strains circulating in france from 1978 to 2013 has highlighted the discriminating power of the mlva among predominant spoligotype groups. in the present study we aimed to characterize clonal groups via mlva and to better understand the strain's population structure. mlva was performed with eight miru-vntr loci, most of them defined by the venomyc european consortium. the discriminatory index of each mlva loci was calculated for sb0120, sb0134, sb012 ... | 2016 | 27594144 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of mycobacterium bovis causing pulmonary tuberculosis and epistaxis in a thoroughbred horse. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) is very uncommon in horses worldwide. | 2016 | 27590011 |
| mycobacterium bovis deleted in mce2 and phop loci protects c57bl/6 mice against tuberculosis. | 2016 | 27580338 | |
| sleeping beauty and the story of the bacille calmette-guérin vaccine. | mycobacterium bovis bcg is the only available vaccine for protection against tuberculosis (tb). while bcg protects children from severe disease, it has little impact on pulmonary disease in adults. a recombinant bcg vaccine bcg δurec::hly (strain vpm1002) is in advanced clinical trials and shows promise for improved vaccine safety but little change in efficacy in animal models. a second-generation recombinant bcg vaccine with an additional deletion of the nuog gene (bcg δurec::hly δnuog) shows i ... | 2016 | 27578760 |
| survival kinetics of mycobacterium bovis during manufacture and ripening of raw milk cheddar and caerphilly cheese produced on a laboratory-scale. | persistence of mycobacterium bovis was investigated in uk raw milk cheeses. | 2016 | 27563832 |
| disseminated mycobacterium bovis infection complicating intravesical bcg instillation for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. | intravesical instillation of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) remains a first-line treatment for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. although its use is relatively safe, severe complications such as granulomatous hepatitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonitis, and sepsis occur in few patients. complications of intravesical instillation of bcg can be local or systemic, with early or late presentation. | 2016 | 27559301 |
| il-21 inhibits il-17a-producing γδ t-cell response after infection with bacillus calmette-guérin via induction of apoptosis. | innate γδ t cells expressing vγ6 produce il-17a at an early stage following infection with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). in this study, we used il-21 receptor knockout (il-21r ko) mice and il-21-producing recombinant bcg mice (rbcg-ag85b-il-21) to examine the role of il-21 in the regulation of il-17a-producing innate γδ t-cell response following bcg infection. il-17a-producing vγ6(+) γδ t cells increased in the peritoneal cavity of il-21r ko mice more than in wild type mice ... | 2016 | 27554052 |
| in-depth analysis of the genome sequence of a clinical, extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium bovis strain. | although human-to-human transmission of mycobacterium bovis strains and other members of the animal lineage of the tubercle bacilli is a rare event, an extensively drug resistant (xdr) strain, named m. bovis b strain, caused a lethal outbreak in the nineties in spain. the genome of m. bovis b strain was re-sequenced by solid platform and mapped to the reference m. bovis af2122/97. the genetic polymorphisms detected have been analysed in depth. one hundred and fifty-eight specific non-synonymous ... | 2016 | 27553409 |
| trisaccharides of phenolic glycolipids confer advantages to pathogenic mycobacteria through manipulation of host-cell pattern-recognition receptors. | despite mycobacterial pathogens continue to be a threat to public health, the mechanisms that allow them to persist by modulating the host immune response are poorly understood. among the factors suspected to play a role are phenolic glycolipids (pgls), produced notably by the major pathogenic species such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae. here, we report an original strategy combining genetic reprogramming of the pgl pathway in mycobacterium bovis bcg and chemical synthesi ... | 2016 | 27548027 |
| assessment of an elisa method to support surveillance of bovine tuberculosis in albania. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is an important bacterial infectious disease in albania of concern to animal and human health; its prevalence is poorly documented. | 2015 | 27547376 |
| genetic diversity based on miru-vntr profile of isolates of mycobacterium bovis from mexican cattle. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a disease caused by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), which affects cattle, animal species and humans. to determinate the genetic structure of strains of m. bovis in mexican cattle, 467 isolates obtained from 2009 to 2010 from different regions of mexico with known spoligotype were included in the study. the isolates were genotyped by interspersed repeated mycobacterial units-variable number tandem repeats (miru-vntr) obtaining 13 miru-vntr groups. when combining miru- ... | 2016 | 27544255 |
| bovine tuberculosis in northern ireland: risk factors associated with duration and recurrence of chronic herd breakdowns. | this study investigated 8058 bovine tuberculosis (btb) confirmed breakdowns occurring in northern ireland during the period 2005-2010 inclusive. the methodology used two case-control studies; one determined the risk factors associated with long duration btb breakdowns and the other with recurrent btb breakdowns. the analyses were implemented using a generalized linear mixed model analysis with variables relating to repeated measures on herds, locality and year of breakdown included as random eff ... | 2016 | 27544245 |
| treatment of human disease due to mycobacterium bovis: a systematic review. | 2016 | 27540021 | |
| wildlife on the move: a hidden tuberculosis threat to conservation areas and game farms through introduction of untested animals. | in south africa, african buffaloes ( syncerus caffer ) are one of the wildlife maintenance hosts for bovine tuberculosis (btb) and play a key role in the spread of the disease to other wildlife species and potentially back to cattle. we report a trace-back investigation following the diagnosis of btb in a previously btb-free provincial game reserve, founded in the early 1990s in the north west province of south africa (sa). using the intradermal tuberculin and interferon gamma tests, we detected ... | 2016 | 27537933 |
| the case for live attenuated vaccines against the neglected zoonotic diseases brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis. | vaccination of humans and animals with live attenuated organisms has proven to be an effective means of combatting some important infectious diseases. in fact, the 20th century witnessed tremendous improvements in human and animal health worldwide as a consequence of large-scale vaccination programs with live attenuated vaccines (lavs). here, we use the neglected zoonotic diseases brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis (btb) caused by brucella spp. and mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis), respectively, ... | 2016 | 27537413 |
| role of chemokine c-c motif ligand-1 in acute and chronic pulmonary inflammations. | chemokine c-c motif ligand 1 (ccl1) accumulates c-c motif chemokine receptor 8 positive leukocytes to the inflammatory sites. single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the chemokine ccl1 gene are associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease. however, it is unclear whether ccl1 has immunomodulatory functions during pulmonary inflammation. this study aimed to elucidate this issue using newly generated transgenic mice that express ccl1 in the lungs (spc-ccl1 mice). | 2016 | 27536524 |
| development of one-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detecting mycobacterium bovis. | a multiplex pcr (m-pcr) with primers targeting the 16s rrna, rv3873 and a 12.7-kb fragment in the genomes of a mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was designed for the differential diagnosis of m. tuberculosis, m. bovis, m. bovis bcg and non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (ntm). the specificity of this assay was 100%, and the detection limit was 15 pg of genomic dna. of the 206 blinded clinical samples, the detection rate of m. bovis infection by m-pcr was lower than that of the interferon gamma (ifn ... | 2017 | 27534910 |
| dna vaccine with discontinuous t-cell epitope insertions into hsp65 scaffold as a potential means to improve immunogenicity of multi-epitope mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine. | dna-based vaccine is a promising candidate for immunization and induction of a t-cell-focused protective immune response against infectious pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb). to induce multi-functional t response against multi-tb antigens, a multi-epitope dna vaccine and a 'protein backbone grafting' design method is adopted to graft five discontinuous t-cell epitopes into hsp65 scaffold protein of m. tb for enhancement of epitope processing and immune presentation. a dna plas ... | 2016 | 27531823 |
| disseminated mycotic aneurysms following intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin therapy for bladder cancer: case discussion and systematic treatment algorithm. | numerous case reports have highlighted the relationship between bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) therapy and development of systemic mycotic aneurysms but none have established a management algorithm in patients with suspected vascular dissemination of mycobacterium bovis. delay in diagnosis of this disease process will lead to delays in initiation of antimycobacterium treatment to prevent dissemination into other arterial beds and potentially complicate effective surgical treatment leading to ane ... | 2017 | 27531091 |
| interactions between natural killer cells and dendritic cells favour t helper1-type responses to bcg in calves. | vaccination of neonatal calves with bcg induces a significant level of protection from infection with mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. since neonatal vaccination of humans with bcg induces activation of nk cells, and young calves have high circulating numbers of these cells, we hypothesised that nk cells are important in the protective response to bcg. furthermore, since nk cells play a role in shaping adaptive immune responses through interactions with dcs, we in ... | 2016 | 27530534 |
| a single ssdna aptamer binding to mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan of bacillus calmette-guérin enhances immunoprotective effect against tuberculosis. | because mycobacterium bovis, termed bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), the only available used tuberculosis (tb) vaccine, retains immunomodulatory properties that limit its protective immunogenicity, there are continuous efforts to identify the immunosuppression mechanism as well as new strategies for improving the immunogenicity of bcg. here, an ssdna aptamer "antibody" bm2 specifically bound to the mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (manlam) of bcg was selected. bm2 significantly blocked manlam-man ... | 2016 | 27529508 |
| [investigation of mycobacterium bovis subsp. bovis among the strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated in düzce province, turkey]. | throughout the history of mankind, tuberculosis (tb) has caused serious illness and still continues to do so. archaeobiological studies indicated that tb in humans dates back to 4000-8000 bc, and cases were shown to be due to mycobacterium bovis subsp.bovis rather than mycobacterium tuberculosis. moreover, this situation was thought to begin with domestication of animals, consumption of their milk, and living together in the same environment with them. over time, with the consumption of boiled m ... | 2016 | 27525395 |
| spoligotype diversity and 5-year trends of bovine tuberculosis in extremadura, southern spain. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) causes significant losses to farming economies worldwide. a better understanding on the epidemiology of this disease and the role that the different hosts develop in the maintenance and spread of btb is vital to control this zoonotic disease. this study reports the spoligotype diversity and temporal evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) isolates obtained from extremadura (southern spain). genotyping data of mycobacterium bovis (n = 2102) and mycobacteri ... | 2016 | 27524741 |
| the cd4(+) t cell methylome contributes to a distinct cd4(+) t cell transcriptional signature in mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. | we hypothesised that epigenetic regulation of cd4(+) t lymphocytes contributes to a shift toward a dysfunctional t cell phenotype which may impact on their ability to clear mycobacterial infection. combined rna-seq transcriptomic profiling and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing identified 193 significantly differentially expressed genes and 760 differentially methylated regions (dmrs), between cd4(+) t cells from m. bovis infected and healthy cattle. 196 dmrs were located within 10 kb o ... | 2016 | 27507428 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium africanum in ghana. | mycobacterium africanum comprises two phylogenetic lineages within the m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and is an important cause of human tuberculosis (tb) in west africa. the reasons for this geographic restriction of m. africanum remain unclear. here, we performed a prospective study to explore associations between the characteristics of tb patients and the mtbc lineages circulating in ghana. | 2016 | 27506391 |
| nonpathogenic siv and pathogenic hiv infections associate with disparate innate cytokine signatures in response to mycobacterium bovis bcg. | infections with mycobacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) bcg, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for hiv-infected persons. in contrast to hiv, nonpathogenic siv infections of sooty mangabeys are characterized by a lack of clinical disease including an absence of opportunistic infections. the goal of this study was to identify innate immune responses to m. bovis bcg maintained during nonpathogenic lentiviral infections through a compa ... | 2016 | 27505158 |
| effects of lipid-lowering drugs on vancomycin susceptibility of mycobacteria. | tuberculosis is still a cause of major concern, partly due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. new drugs are therefore needed. vancomycin can target mycobacteria with cell envelope deficiency. in this study, we used a vancomycin susceptibility assay to detect drugs hampering lipid synthesis in mycobacterium bovis bcg and in mycobacterium tuberculosis we tested three drugs already used to treat human obesity: tetrahydrolipstatin (thl), simvastatin, and fenofibrate. only vancomycin an ... | 2016 | 27503643 |
| protection associated with a tb vaccine is linked to increased frequency of ag85a-specific cd4(+) t cells but no increase in avidity for ag85a. | there is a need to improve the efficacy of bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination against tuberculosis in humans and cattle. previously, we found boosting bcg-primed cows with recombinant human type 5 adenovirus expressing antigen 85a (ad5-85a) increased protection against mycobacterium bovis infection compared to bcg vaccination alone. the aim of this study was to decipher aspects of the immune response associated with this enhanced protection. we compared bcg-primed ad5-85a-boosted cattle w ... | 2016 | 27498622 |
| badgers prefer cattle pasture but avoid cattle: implications for bovine tuberculosis control. | effective management of infectious disease relies upon understanding mechanisms of pathogen transmission. in particular, while models of disease dynamics usually assume transmission through direct contact, transmission through environmental contamination can cause different dynamics. we used global positioning system (gps) collars and proximity-sensing contact-collars to explore opportunities for transmission of mycobacterium bovis [causal agent of bovine tuberculosis] between cattle and badgers ... | 2016 | 27493068 |
| inibac induction is vitamin b12- and mutab-dependent in mycobacterium marinum. | tuberculosis can be treated with a 6-month regimen of antibiotics. although the targets of most of the first-line antibiotics have been identified, less research has focused on the intrabacterial stress responses that follow upon treatment with antibiotics. studying the roles of these stress genes may lead to the identification of crucial stress-coping mechanisms that can provide additional drug targets to increase treatment efficacy. a three-gene operon with unknown function that is strongly up ... | 2016 | 27474746 |
| risk factors for failure to detect bovine tuberculosis in cattle from infected herds across northern ireland (2004-2010). | correctly identifying animals that are truly infected with a pathogen using ante-mortem tests is the cornerstone of any disease eradication programme. failure to identify all infected animals will impede the progress towards controlling and eradicating disease and may also have unforeseen consequences when specific prevention measures are in place to avoid animal-to-animal transmission. in the case of bovine tuberculosis (btb), the screening ante-mortem test, the single comparative intradermal t ... | 2016 | 27474001 |
| sex difference in the survival rate of wild brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula) experimentally challenged with bovine tuberculosis. | the main wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (tb) in new zealand is the introduced brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula), with spillover of infection from possums to livestock being regarded as the largest barrier to eradicating tb from the country. past studies have experimentally challenged possums with mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of tb) to quantify infection parameters. however, the challenge models used are invariably non-representative of natural infection due to their ... | 2016 | 27473982 |
| preparation, standardization and in vitro safety testing of mycobacterium nosodes (emtact- polyvalent nosode). | most of the nosodes in the homeopathic pharmacopeia have been sourced from obscure pathological material over a century ago; of which no scientific documentation is available. | 2016 | 27473543 |
| tumor necrosis factor and its receptors are crucial to control mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin pleural infection in a murine model. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is crucial to control mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. tnf blockade compromises host immunity and may cause reactivation of latent infection, resulting in overt pulmonary, pleural, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. herein, we investigate the roles of tnf and tnf receptors in the control of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) pleural infection in a murine model. as controls, wild-typ ... | 2016 | 27456129 |
| crucial requirement for standardization during the development of novel recombinant bcg vaccines: does the corresponding substrain background matter? | the bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine is not a single organism, but consists of substrains that vary in genotypes and phenotypes. actually, bcg is the common name given to a family of vaccines created in 1921 by the in vitro attenuation of a virulent mycobacterium bovis in france. even nearly a century of use, the bcg vaccine lingers generating confusion and debate due to its diversity and failure to protect against tuberculosis (tb). that is probably owing to the enduring lack of standardi ... | 2016 | 27454883 |