Publications

evolution of slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterotoxigenic characteristics of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens.	the present study was designed to determine the slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and the enterotoxigenic properties of staphylococcus aureus strains, and to evaluate the clinical importance of slime-producing cons and enterotoxigenic s. aureus strains isolated from various human clinical specimens. for this purpose, a total of 120 staphylococcus strains were isolated and identified, and further characterized for their slime production and enterotoxigenicity. of the cli ...	2007	17893164
genomic diversity in staphylococcus xylosus.	staphylococcus xylosus is a commensal of the skin of humans and animals and a ubiquitous bacterium naturally present in food. it is one of the major starter cultures used for meat fermentation, but a few strains could potentially be hazardous and are related to animal opportunistic infections. to better understand the genetic diversity of s. xylosus intraspecies, suppressive and subtractive hybridization (ssh) was carried out with the s. xylosus c2a strain, a commensal of human skin, used as the ...	2007	17890333
interactions between strains of staphylococcus xylosus and kocuria varians isolated from fermented meats.	to evaluate the interactions of staphylococcus xylosus on kocuria varians strains isolated from fermented meat products. methods and results: interactions were assessed in vitro by agar spot test, agar well diffusion assay and spectrophotometric assay. the growth of k. varians (five strains) alone was compared with that in the presence of growing cells of s. xylosus (50 strains) or in the presence of heat-treated or untreated supernatants of s. xylosus. sixteen strains stimulated the growth of k ...	2007	17714408
proteomic analysis of cell envelope from staphylococcus xylosus c2a, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus.	staphylococcus xylosus is a saprophytic bacterium commonly found on skin of mammals but also used for its organoleptic properties in manufacturing of fermented meat products. this bacterium is able to form biofilms and to colonize biotic or abiotic surfaces, processes which are mediated, to a certain extent, by cell-envelope proteins. thus, the present investigation aimed at evaluating and adapting different existing methods for cell-envelope subproteome analyses of the strain s. xylosus c2a. th ...	2007	17636987
the microbial ecology of a typical italian salami during its natural fermentation.	we have investigated the bacteria and yeast ecology of the typical italian ciauscolo salami that is produced in central italy using a polyphasic approach based on culture-dependent and -independent methods. the physico-chemical analyses showed a progressive drop in ph and water activity (aw) during ripening. the viable counts revealed a dominance of lactic acid bacteria (lab) over coagulase negative cocci (cnc) and yeasts. from the molecular identification of the isolates, the prevalence of lact ...	2007	17628130
microbial ecology of the soppressata of vallo di diano, a traditional dry fermented sausage from southern italy, and in vitro and in situ selection of autochthonous starter cultures.	the microbial ecology of "soppressata of vallo di diano," a traditional dry fermented sausage from southern italy, was studied by using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. the ripened fermented sausages were characterized by high microbial loads of both staphylococci and lactobacilli. using pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) targeting the variable v3 and v1 regions of the 16s rrna gene and direct dna sequencing, it was possible to identify staphylococcu ...	2007	17616625
the n-terminal his-tag affects the enantioselectivity of staphylococcal lipases: a monolayer study.	in order to check the influence of the polyhistidine tag at the n-terminus of recombinant lipases, a comparative study on the interfacial properties of native and recombinant staphylococcus simulans (ssl and rssl) or staphylococcus xylosus lipase (sxl and rsxl) was investigated using the monomolecular film technique. no phospholipase activity was detected with rssl or rsxl when using different phospholipids spread as monomolecular films maintained at various surface pressures, suggesting that th ...	2007	17532333
involvement of gly 311 residue on substrate discrimination, ph and temperature dependency of recombinant staphylococcus xylosus lipase: a study with emulsified substrate.	the importance of microbial lipases like the staphylococcal ones, results not only from their significance implication in the bacterial lipid metabolism but also their involvement in some pathogenic processes. the aminoacid sequence of the mature staphylococcus xylosus lipase (sxl) shows 99.7% identity with the mature aminoacid sequence of staphylococcus simulans lipase (ssl) with one substitution of gly311 by val. in spite of this high homology, the two lipases present significant differences i ...	2007	17521919
antibiotic resistance patterns of coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains isolated from blood cultures of septicemic patients in turkey.	the aim of this study is to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and slime production characteristics of coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) caused nosocomial bacteremia. a total of 200 cons strains were isolated from blood samples of patients with true bacteremia who were hospitalized in intensive care units and in other departments of istanbul university cerrahpasa medical hospital between 1999 and 2006. among 200 cons isolates, staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent species ...	2009	17475456
[sensitivity to various antibiotics of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from samples of milk from dutch dairy cattle].	during recent years the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in milk samples from dutch dairy cows has increased. in 1999 16.2% of the bacteria isolated from milk collected from cows with subclinical mastitis were coagulase-negative staphylococci. in 2004 this proportion was 42.2%. the proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci of the bacteria isolated from milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis was 7.3% in 1999 and 14.1% in 2004. in this study, the susceptibility of 108 coa ...	2007	17436810
gly311 residue triggers the enantioselectivity of staphylococcus xylosus lipase: a monolayer study.	using emulsified triacylglycerols, we have shown recently [mosbah et al., 2007, submitted for publication] that amino acid residue g311 of staphylococcus xylosus lipase (sxl) is critically involved in substrate selectivity, ph and temperature dependency. using the monomolecular film technique, we show in the present study that the four single mutants of this residue (g311l, g311w, g311d, and g311k), interact efficiently with egg-phosphatidyl choline (egg-pc) monomolecular films, comparably to th ...	2007	17335837
microbiological changes in naturally fermented cassava fish (pseudotolithus sp.) for lanhouin production.	cassava fish (pseudotolithus sp.) was naturally fermented on three different occasions at room temperature (28-30 degrees c) for 3 to 8 days and the microbial population and the occurrence of various bacterial species were monitored. in general, after a slight increase during the early stages of fermentation, the microbial population decreased as the fermentation progressed. a total of 224 isolates belonging to the genera bacillus, staphylococcus, micrococcus, streptococcus, corynebacterim, pseu ...	2007	17291615
physical and genetic map of the staphylococcus xylosus c2a chromosome.	staphylococcus xylosus is a ubiquitous bacterium frequently isolated from mammalian skin and occurring naturally on meat and dairy products. a physical and genetic map of the s. xylosus c2a chromosome was constructed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis after digestion with asci, apai, i-ceui, sfii and smai enzymes and hybridization analysis. the chromosome size was estimated to be 2868+/-10 kb. thirty-three genetic markers were mapped. the probable origin of replication (oric) was posit ...	2007	17233729
a new device for rapid evaluation of biofilm formation potential by bacteria.	this work describes the implementation of a new assay named the biofilm ring test to evaluate the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. this assay is based on the immobilisation (or not) of magnetic beads embedded by bacterial aggregates or mats (patented concept). it is realised on modified polystyrene 96-wells microtiter plates with individual 8-wells slides. the kinetic of biofilm formation of four bacterial species, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, staphylococcus carnosus and staphy ...	2007	17218029
monitoring of staphylococcal starters in two french processing plants manufacturing dry fermented sausages.	the growth and survival of staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus were monitored during sausage manufacture in two processing plants.	2007	17184340
carbon catabolite repression of sucrose utilization in staphylococcus xylosus: catabolite control protein ccpa ensures glucose preference and autoregulatory limitation of sucrose utilization.	sucrose utilization in staphylococcus xylosus is dependent on two genes, scra and scrb; encoding a pts permease and a sucrose phosphate hydrolase, respectively. the genes are encoded on separate loci and are transcribed from two promoters, p(scra) and p(scrb), both of which are controlled by the repressor scrr by binding to the operator sequences o(a) and o(b). in the scra promoter region, a catabolite-responsive element (cre), operator for the global catabolite control protein ccpa, is also pre ...	2007	17183218
comparative study of cd(ii) and cr(vi) biosorption on staphylococcus xylosus and pseudomonas sp. in single and binary mixtures.	biosorption of cd(ii) and cr(vi) ions in single solutions using staphylococcus xylosus and pseudomonas sp., and their selectivity in binary mixtures was investigated. langmuir and freundlich models were applied to describe metal biosorption and the influence of ph, biomass concentration and contact time was determined. maximum uptake capacity of cadmium was estimated to 250 and 278 mg g(-1), whereas that of chromium to 143 and 95 mg g(-1) for s. xylosus and pseudomonas sp., respectively. in bina ...	2007	17098422
the distribution of staphylococci in bioaerosols from red-meat abattoirs.	the quality and shelf-life of perishable foodstuffs can be reduced by high concentrations in the processing environment of bioaerosols consisting of spoilage microbiota. a lack of documented literature on the distribution of such bioaerosols has, however, led to the underestimation of their impact. in the study reported here, the deboning rooms of selected south african red-meat abattoirs were investigated for airborne concentrations of staphylococci; the authors studied the distribution of stap ...	2006	17091740
lysis of staphylococcal mastitis pathogens by bacteriophage phi11 endolysin.	the staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi11 endolysin has two peptidoglycan hydrolase domains (endopeptidase and amidase) and an sh3b cell wall-binding domain. in turbidity reduction assays, the purified protein can lyse untreated staphylococcal mastitis pathogens, staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (staphylococcus chronogenes, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus hyicus, staphylococcus simulans, staphylococcus warneri and staphylococcus xylosus), making it a stro ...	2006	17054440
occurance of staphylococcus nepalensis strains in different sources including human clinical material.	five isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci were obtained from human urine, the gastrointestinal tract of squirrel monkeys, pig skin and from the environment. all key biochemical characteristics of the tested strains corresponded with the description of staphylococcus xylosus species. however, partial 16s rrna gene sequences obtained from analysed strains corresponded with those of staphylococcus nepalensis reference strains, except for two strains which differed in one residue. ribotyping ...	2006	16978351
microbiological characteristics of "androlla", a spanish traditional pork sausage.	counts of total aerobic mesophilic microflora, lactic acid bacteria, salt-tolerant microflora, enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, moulds and yeasts, and staphylococci, and some physico-chemical parameters (total solids, nacl and nitrate contents and ph and aw values) were determined in 20 units of "androlla", a traditional dry-fermented sausage made in the nw of spain. in general, high counts of all the investigated microbial groups were observed, with average values of 8.99 +/- 0.46 log cfu/g for ...	2007	16943094
protease and esterase activity of staphylococci.	the aim of this work was to characterize protease and esterase activities of staphylococci in order to establish if they could contribute to the release of amino acids and short-chain fatty acids during ripening of fermented sausages. eighteen staphylococcus strains belonging to the species staphylococcus xylosus (5), s. saprophyticus (3), s. equorum (4), s. carnosus (4) and s. simulans (2), previously isolated from different types of southern italian fermented sausages, were screened for protei ...	2006	16782222
invasive potential of bacterial isolates associated with subclinical bovine mastitis.	this work describes differences in the invasive ability of bacterial isolates associated with mastitis. invasion ability was determined by the uptake and survival in a primary culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmec). bmec were isolated from a healthy lactating cow and characterized by their morphology, immunostaining for cytokeratin and the detection of beta- and kappa-casein mrnas. ten bacterial isolates comprising the staphylococcal species staphylococcus aureus (3), staphylococcus e ...	2006	16624358
staphylococcus equorum and staphylococcus succinus isolated from human clinical specimens.	a polyphasic identification approach was applied to a group of 11 novobiocin-resistant staphylococci isolated from human clinical materials. phenotypic characteristics obtained by both commercial and conventional tests assigned eight strains as staphylococcus xylosus and three strains as ambiguous s. xylosus/staphylococcus equorum. in contrast to biotyping, ribotyping with ecori and hindiii restriction endonucleases and whole-cell protein fingerprinting assigned six analysed strains as s. equoru ...	2006	16585638
formation of biofilm by staphylococcus xylosus.	the ability of 12 staphylococcus xylosus strains to form biofilm was determined through the study of different criteria. eleven out of the 12 strains were able to form biofilm, 10 preferentially on hydrophilic support (glass) and one, s. xylosus c2a, on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (polystyrene) supports. the determination of bacterial surface properties showed that all strains were negatively charged with five strains moderately hydrophobic and seven hydrophilic. the bap and icaa genes, imp ...	2006	16503066
degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) by staphylococcus xylosus in liquid media and meat mixture.	we investigated the growth of the meat starter staphylococcus xylosus (10(4) cells ml(-1)) in liquid media containing 0.01 ppm of each polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs 10, 28, 52, 138, 153, and 180) and its ability to degrade pcbs during 168 h of incubation in liquid media (10(4) cells ml(-1), 0.01 ppm of each pcb congener) and cured meat mixture (0.1% of meat starter, 1 microg g(-1) fat of each pcb congener). pcbs did not affect the growth of the starter microorganism in nutritive (brain heart i ...	2006	16387403
expression, purification, and characterization of his-tagged staphylococcus xylosus lipase wild-type and its mutant asp 290 ala.	the gene encoding the extracellular lipase of staphylococcus xylosus (sxl) was cloned using pcr technique. the sequence corresponding to the mature lipase was subcloned in the pet-14b expression vector, with a strong t7 promoter, to construct a recombinant lipase protein containing six histidine residues at the n-terminal. high level expression of the lipase by escherichia coli bl21 (de3) cells harbouring the lipase gene containing expression vector was observed upon induction with 0.4 mm iptg a ...	2006	16380267
ecology and dynamics of coagulase-negative cocci isolated from naturally fermented italian sausages.	coagulase-negative cocci (cnc) ecology in naturally fermented sausages from friuli venezia giulia region, in the north east of italy, was investigated. a total of 617 cnc strains, isolated from three different plants during the fermentation process, were identified by traditional methods (biochemical tests) and molecular methods based on species specific pcr, pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and sequencing of the v3 region of the 16s rrna gene. the identification, by using bioc ...	2006	16337767
starter cultures and high-pressure processing to improve the hygiene and safety of slightly fermented sausages.	the effectiveness of selected starter cultures and high hydrostatic pressure after ripening was evaluated to improve the safety and quality of slightly fermented sausages. inhibition of common foodborne pathogens, spoilage bacteria, and biogenic amine content was studied. random amplification of polymorphic dna and plasmid profiles were used to monitor the competitiveness of the starter cultures during fermentation and ripening. lactobacillus sakei ctc6626 and staphylococcus xylosus ctc6013 domi ...	2005	16300071
molecular, technological and safety characterization of gram-positive catalase-positive cocci from slightly fermented sausages.	the population of gram-positive catalase-positive cocci from slightly fermented sausages was characterized at species and strain level by molecular techniques and some technological and hygienic aspects were also considered. staphylococcus xylosus was the predominant species (80.8%) followed by staphylococcus warneri (8.3%), staphylococcus epidermidis (5.8%) staphylococcus carnosus (4.6%), and kocuria varians (0.4%). proteolytic activity was observed in 23% of the isolates. the species with the ...	2006	16297478
bap-dependent biofilm formation by pathogenic species of staphylococcus: evidence of horizontal gene transfer?	the biofilm-associated protein (bap) is a surface protein implicated in biofilm formation by staphylococcus aureus isolated from chronic mastitis infections. the bap gene is carried in a putative composite transposon inserted in sapibov2, a mobile staphylococcal pathogenicity island. in this study, bap orthologue genes from several staphylococcal species, including staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus chromogenes, staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus simulans and staphylococcus hyicus, w ...	2005	16000737
biochemical and molecular characterization of staphylococcus xylosus lipase.	the staphylococcus xylosus strain secretes a non-induced lipase in culture medium: s. xylosus lipase (sxl). pure sxl is a monomeric protein (43 kda). the 23 n-terminal amino acid residues were sequenced. this sequence is identical to that of staphylococcus simulans lipase (ssl); in addition, it exhibits a high degree of homology with staphylococcus aureus lipase (sal nctc 8530) sequences. the cloning and sequencing of gene part encoding the mature lipase shows one nucleotide difference with ssl, ...	2005	15837431
identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci other than staphylococcus epidermidis by automated ribotyping.	as routine identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci is problematic, the performance of automated ribotyping was evaluated for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci other than staphylococcus epidermidis. in total, 177 isolates were tested, comprising 149 isolates from blood samples, 15 isolates that were not identified by internal transcribed spacer (its)-pcr in a previous study, and 13 reference strains. the identification results were compared with those obtained by the a ...	2005	15715714
evaluation of six commercial identification kits for the identification of staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.	comparison of six commercially available in human medicine well-established slide agglutination systems for the identification of staphylococcus aureus.	2005	15659199
the ph-unrelated influence of salt, temperature and manganese on aroma formation by staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus in a fermented meat model system.	the influence of manganese (0.01-0.1-1.0 microg/g), temperature (15-24 degrees c) and salt (3-4% w/w) on volatile formation in model minces inoculated with pediococcus pentosaceus and either staphylococcus xylosus or staphylococcus carnosus was studied in a full factorial experiment. in order to study the direct, ph-unrelated effect of the parameters, data were analysed by use of multiple linear regression and partial least-squares regression both before and after transformation of the volatile ...	2004	15527916
development of a multiplex pcr for the identification of staphylococcus genus and four staphylococcal species isolated from food.	to develop a multiplex pcr that allows the identification of bacteria belonging to the staphylococcus genus and in particular to the species staphylococcus xylosus, s. saprophyticus, s. epidermidis and s. aureus isolated from food manufacturing plants.	2004	15479426
high-resolution structure of the histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (hpr) from staphylococcus aureus and characterization of its interaction with the bifunctional hpr kinase/phosphorylase.	a high-resolution structure of the histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (hpr) from staphylococcus aureus was obtained by heteronuclear multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy on the basis of 1,766 structural restraints. twenty-three hydrogen bonds in hpr could be directly detected by polarization transfer from the amide nitrogen to the carbonyl carbon involved in the hydrogen bond. differential line broadening was used to characterize the interaction of hpr with the ...	2004	15317796
diversity and dynamics of communities of coagulase-negative staphylococci in traditional fermented sausages.	evaluation of composition and evolution of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) communities in two traditionally fermented sausages (salsiccia and soppressata lucana) produced in basilicata, southern italy.	2004	15239693
heterocyclic bis-cations as starting hits for design of inhibitors of the bifunctional enzyme histidine-containing protein kinase/phosphatase from bacillus subtilis.	the main mechanism of carbon catabolite repression/activation in low-guanine and low-cytosine gram-positive bacteria seems to involve phosphorylation of hpr (histidine-containing protein) at ser-46 by the atp-dependent hpr kinase, which in bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus casei, and staphylococcus xylosus also exhibits phosphatase activity and is thus a bifunctional enzyme (hprk/p). since deficiency of hprk/p in s. xylosus, l. casei, and b. subtilis mutants leads to severe growth defects, inhibi ...	2004	15084125
catabolism of leucine to branched-chain fatty acids in staphylococcus xylosus.	staphylococcus xylosus is an important starter culture in the production of flavours from the branched-chain amino acids leucine, valine and isoleucine in fermented meat products. the sensorially most important flavour compounds are the branched-chain aldehydes and acids derived from the corresponding amino acids and this paper intends to perspectivate these flavour compounds in the context of leucine metabolism.	2004	15078537
study of the ecology of fresh sausages and characterization of populations of lactic acid bacteria by molecular methods.	in this study, a polyphasic approach was used to study the ecology of fresh sausages and to characterize populations of lactic acid bacteria (lab). the microbial profile of fresh sausages was monitored from the production day to the 10th day of storage at 4 degrees c. samples were collected on days 0, 3, 6, and 10, and culture-dependent and -independent methods of detection and identification were applied. traditional plating and isolation of lab strains, which were subsequently identified by mo ...	2004	15066777
development of a large-scale hplc-based purification for the urease from staphylococcus leei and determination of subunit structure.	coagulase-positive staphylococcus species, related to but distinct from the genetic homology group containing staphylococcus cohnii, staphylococcus xylosus, and staphylococcus saphrophyticus, were isolated from biopsy material obtained from a cluster of patients in korea suffering from gastritis. the prototype isolate, staphylococcus leei, has high urease activity that is similar with respect to a low k(m) value and acid resistance of the urease found in the stomach adapted pathogen, helicobacte ...	2004	14766306
on-line monitoring of important organoleptic methyl-branched aldehydes during batch fermentation of starter culture staphylococcus xylosus reveal new insight into their production in a model fermentation.	a small fermentor (55 ml) was directly interfaced to a membrane inlet mass spectrometer for continuous on-line monitoring of oxygen and volatile metabolites during batch fermentations of the starter culture staphylococcus xylosus. using this technique, we were able to correlate production of the very important flavor compounds 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 2-methylpropanal with various growth conditions. we found that the aldehydes were present in the culture broth only as transient meta ...	2004	14748085
design and evaluation of specific pcr primers for rapid and reliable identification of staphylococcus xylosus strains isolated from dry fermented sausages.	rapid and reliable identification of staphylococcus xylosus was achieved by species-specific pcr assays. two sets of primers, targeting on xylulokinase (xylb) and 60 kda heat-shock protein (hsp60) genes of s. xylosus, respectively, were designed. species-specificity of both sets of primers was evaluated by using 27 reference strains of the dsm collection, representing 23 different species of the staphylococcus genus and 3 species of the kocuria genus. moreover, 90 wild strains isolated from diff ...	2003	14666989
staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov., isolated from goats of the himalayan region.	four coagulase-negative, novobiocin-resistant cocci, designated cw1(t), pm34, mm3 and rw78, were isolated from the respiratory tract of goats kept in the himalayan region. the four isolates were assigned to a single species on the basis of almost identical biochemical and physiological traits, protein profiles obtained after sds-page and identical genomic fingerprints generated after enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-pcr. strain cw1(t) showed highest 16s rdna sequence simila ...	2003	14657137
assessment of in-line near-infrared spectroscopy for continuous monitoring of fermentation processes.	the application of nir in-line to monitor and control fermentation processes was investigated. determination of biomass, glucose, and lactic and acetic acids during fermentations of staphylococcus xylosus es13 was performed by an interactance fiber optic probe immersed into the culture broth and connected to a nir instrument. partial least squares regression (plsr) calibration models of second derivative nir spectra in the 700-1800 nm region gave satisfactory predictive models for all parameters ...	2003	14656161
development of specific pcr primers for a rapid and accurate identification of staphylococcus xylosus, a species used in food fermentation.	twenty-seven staphylococcus strains isolated from food and food environments were assigned to staphylococcus xylosus by api-staph system. but only seven isolates had similar patterns to this species when compared to the pulse-field gel electrophoresis patterns of 12 s. xylosus strains. to perform a rapid identification of the s. xylosus species, a random amplified polymorphic dna product of 539-bp shared by all of the s. xylosus strains was used to design a pair of primers. these primers were sp ...	2003	14500019
inoculation of staphylococcus xylosus in sjl/j mice to determine pathogenicity.	an experimental study was performed to investigate whether intradermal tail inoculations of staphylococcus xylosus would result in pathologic lesions in the sjl/j strain of mice (mus musculus). this organism historically has been classified as a nonpathogenic, commensal bacterium associated with skin and mucous membranes and rarely implicated in infections. in this study, sjl/j mice inoculated with s. xylosus developed cutaneous tail lesions post-inoculation, and the organism was recovered from ...	2003	12906403
development of a sensitive gene expression reporter system and an inducible promoter-repressor system for clostridium acetobutylicum.	a sensitive gene expression reporter system was developed for clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824 by using a customized gusa expression cassette. in discontinuous cultures, time course profiles of beta-glucuronidase specific activity reflected adequately in vivo dynamic up- and down-regulation of acidogenesis- and/or solventogenesis-associated promoter expression in c. acetobutylicum. furthermore, a new inducible gene expression system was developed in c. acetobutylicum, based on the staphylococ ...	2003	12902297
microbial quality and direct pcr identification of lactic acid bacteria and nonpathogenic staphylococci from artisanal low-acid sausages.	detection of six species of lactic acid bacteria and six species of gram-positive catalase-positive cocci from low-acid fermented sausages (fuets and chorizos) was assessed by species-specific pcr. without enrichment, lactobacillus sakei and lactobacillus curvatus were detected in 11.8% of the samples, and lactobacillus plantarum and staphylococcus xylosus were detected in 17.6%. enriched samples allowed the detection of l. sakei and s. xylosus in all of the samples (100%) and of enterococcus fa ...	2003	12902246
characterization of rap, a quorum sensing activator of staphylococcus aureus.	staphylococcus aureus are gram-positive bacteria and cause diverse serious diseases in humans and animals through the production of toxins. the production of toxins is regulated by quorum sensing mechanisms, where proteins such as rnaiii activating protein (rap) are secreted by the bacteria and induce virulence. antibodies to rap have been shown to protect mice from infection, but the molecular structure of rap was not known and hindered vaccine development. to characterize rap, recombinant prot ...	2003	12829282
a survey of antibiotic resistance in micrococcaceae isolated from italian dry fermented sausages.	the transfer of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial agents or resistance genes from animals to humans via the food chain is increasingly a problem. therefore, it is important to determine the species and the numbers of bacteria involved in this phenomenon. for this purpose, 148 strains of microstaphylococci were isolated from three types of italian dry fermented sausages. eight of 148 strains belonged to the genera kocuria and micrococcus. the remaining 140 strains belonged to 11 differ ...	2003	12800992
occurrence of resistance to antibiotics, metals, and plasmids in clinical strains of staphylococcus spp.	presence of staphylococci resistant to antibiotics is of concern, as is the possible spread of resistance determinants among staphylococcus species. during the past several years, a series of staphylococcal isolates that demonstrated reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or other glycopeptides has been reported. however, there are no useful data on species sensitivity of coagulase-negative staphylococci to heavy metals.	2003	12700009
crystal structure of hpr kinase/phosphatase from mycoplasma pneumoniae.	hpr kinase/phosphatase (hprk/p) modifies serine 46 of histidine-containing protein (hpr), the phosphorylation state of which is the control point of carbon catabolite repression in low g+c gram-positive bacteria. to understand the structural mechanism by which hprk/p carries out its dual, competing activities we determined the structure of full length hprk/p from mycoplasma pneumoniae (pd8 id, 1knx) to 2.5a resolution. the enzyme forms a homo-hexamer with each subunit containing two domains conn ...	2003	12589763
identification of staphylococcus xylosus isolated from c57bl/6j-nos2(tm1lau) mice with dermatitis.	coagulase negative staphylococci (cns) are significant pathogens, particularly in medical device related infections and in immunocompromised patients. five cns strains were isolated from 5 nos2 knockout mice with dermatitis. histologically, granulomatous dermatitis was found in the skin around the ear with epidermal ulceration. dermal lesions included pustules, necrosis, and accumulations of neutrophils and macrophages. isolates of the bacterial strains were identified to be staphylococcus xylos ...	2002	12437030
characterisation of the kata gene encoding a catalase and evidence for at least a second catalase activity in staphylococcus xylosus, bacteria used in food fermentation.	the catalase gene kata of staphylococcus xylosus was cloned. it encodes a protein of 494 amino acids with a molecular mass of 56.9 kda, closely related to monofunctional catalases. a kata mutant still showed a relatively high catalase activity demonstrating that s. xylosus possesses more than one enzyme. by southern blot analysis using a kata probe, a second genetic locus distinct from kata was detected that probably contained the additional catalase gene. to analyse kata expression, a transcrip ...	2002	12435514
staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus xylosus in a secondary root canal infection with persistent symptoms: a case report.	the aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of maintaining the aseptic chain during endodontic treatment. this paper describes a clinical situation in which persistent symptoms had developed after the first appointment to treat a vital pulp case. microbiological analysis of the case indicated that symptoms were probably due to a secondary root canal infection by two species of coagulase-negative staphylococci--staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus xylosus. symptoms had per ...	2002	12360671
cloning and inactivation of a branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase gene from staphylococcus carnosus and characterization of the enzyme.	staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus are widely used as aroma producers in the manufacture of dried fermented sausages. catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (bcaas) by these strains contributes to aroma formation by production of methyl-branched aldehydes and carboxy acids. the first step in the catabolism is most likely a transamination reaction catalyzed by bcaa aminotransferases (ilve proteins). in this study, we cloned the ilve gene from s. carnosus by using degenerate olig ...	2002	12147502
engineering of staphylococcal surfaces for biotechnological applications.	novel surface proteins can be introduced onto bacterial cell surfaces by recombinant means. here, we describe various applications of two such display systems for the food-grade bacteria staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus, respectively. the achievements in the use of such staphylococci as live bacterial vaccine delivery vehicles will be described. co-display of proteins and peptides with adhesive properties to enable targeting of the bacteria, have significantly improved the vacc ...	2002	12142144
[microflora of the inflammatory erosive areas of the esophagus in esophagitis patients].	seven patients with erosive esophagitis and reflux esophagitis were examined. in cases of inflammatory erosive phenomena staphylococci, micrococcus luteus, candida, bacteria of the genera pseudomonas, veilonella, klebsiella and other bacteria of the family enterobacteriaceae, as well as helicobacter pylori were detected in different frequency. in most cases concentrations of microorganisms were 4.07-5.39 ig cfu/g. isolated microorganisms producing different pathogenicity enzymes--hemolysin (stre ...	2002	12043159
growth and aroma production by staphylococcus xylosus, s. carnosus and s. equorum--a comparative study in model systems.	a laboratory medium inoculated with 20 different staphylococcus strains was prepared in accordance with a full factorial experimental design investigating the effect of temperature, ph, nacl and glucose on growth. the 12 strains most suited to growth in a fermented meat environment were inoculated in sausage minces together with pediococcus pentosaceus, incubated at 25 degrees c for 1 week and the produced aroma compounds collected. the data were analysed by multiple linear regression and partia ...	2002	11999121
carbon catabolite repression by the catabolite control protein ccpa in staphylococcus xylosus.	carbon catabolic repression (cr) by the catabolite control protein ccpa has been analyzed in staphylococcus xylosus. genes encoding components needed to utilize lactose, sucrose, and maltose were found to be repressed by ccpa. in addition, the ccpa gene is under negative autogenous control. among several tested sugars, glucose caused strongest ccpa-dependent repression. glucose can enter s. xylosus in nonphosphorylated form via the glucose uptake protein glcu. internal glucose is then phosphoryl ...	2002	11931563
structure of the full-length hpr kinase/phosphatase from staphylococcus xylosus at 1.95 a resolution: mimicking the product/substrate of the phospho transfer reactions.	the histidine containing phospho carrier protein (hpr) kinase/phosphatase is involved in carbon catabolite repression, mainly in gram-positive bacteria. it is a bifunctional enzyme that phosphorylates ser-46-hpr in an atp-dependent reaction and dephosphorylates p-ser-46-hpr. x-ray analysis of the full-length crystalline enzyme from staphylococcus xylosus at a resolution of 1.95 a shows the enzyme to consist of two clearly separated domains that are assembled in a hexameric structure resembling a ...	2002	11904409
proteolytic activity of staphylococcus xylosus strains on pork myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins and use of selected strains in the production of "naples type" salami.	the aim of this study was to determine the proteolytic activities of staphylococcus xylosus strains on sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins in order to evaluate the suitability of selected strains as starter cultures in the processing of a dry fermented pork sausage.	2002	11872124
monitoring of staphylococcus xylosus dsm 20266 added as starter during fermentation and ripening of soppressata molisana, a typical italian sausage.	"soppressata molisana", a fermented sausage produced in southern italy, is commonly obtained without starter addition. however, the use of starter cultures is more and more recommended in meat fermentation processes in order to guarantee stable production performance. in this study, the survival of the staphylococcus xylosus dsm 20266 was evaluated during the ripening of "soppressata molisana" fermented sausage.	2002	11849340
antibiotic resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cope's gray treefrogs (hyla chrysoscelis).	organisms belonging to the genus staphylococcus were isolated on mannitol salt agar from the feces of wild caught cope's gray treefrogs (hyla chrysoscelis) from east-central kansas. all 222 presumptive isolates were confirmed as coagulase-negative staphylococci with staphylococcus sciuri and staphylococcus xylosus being most prevalent. antibiotic susceptibility patterns to five different antibiotics were determined and the results indicated 99% of all isolates were resistant to penicillin g and ...	2001	11750814
interaction of coagulase-negative staphylococcus species with bovine mammary epithelial cells.	three coagulase-negative staphylococcus species (cns) (staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus hyicus), from the milk of cows with mastitis, were used to evaluate adherence to and internalization by bovine mammary epithelial cells, and to investigate involvement of host cell signal transduction and host cell cytoskeleton rearrangement on internalization of cns. s. xylosus showed highest adherence and internalization values of the species evaluated. host cell cytoske ...	2001	11710840
the growth, properties and interactions of yeasts and bacteria associated with the maturation of camembert and blue-veined cheeses.	the growth of yeasts and bacteria were monitored during the maturation of camembert and blue-veined cheese produced in australia. yeasts were prominent throughout maturation, growing to 10(5)-10(9)/g, depending on the manufacturer. debaryomyces hansenii predominated, but there were lesser, inconsistent contributions from yarrowia lipolytica. of the non-lactic acid bacteria, acinetobacter species were significant during the maturation of camembert but not blue-veined cheeses, and grew to 10(6)-10 ...	2001	11589557
the differential adherence capabilities of two listeria monocytogenes strains in monoculture and multispecies biofilms as a function of temperature.	to determine the differential adherence capabilities at three different temperatures of listeria monocytogenes scott a, a clinical food pathogen, and l. monocytogenes fm876, a persistent strain from a milk-processing environment, to stainless steel.	2001	11559409
characterization of the single superoxide dismutase of staphylococcus xylosus.	staphylococcus xylosus is a facultative anaerobic bacterium used as a starter culture for fermented meat products. in an attempt to analyze the antioxidant capacities of this organism, the superoxide dismutase (sod) was characterized. s. xylosus contains a single cytoplasmic sod, which was not inhibited by h2o2. the sod activity in crude extracts was completely lost upon metal depletion, but it could be recovered by manganese and very weakly by iron. it is therefore suggested that the s. xylosus ...	2001	11526011
roles of superoxide dismutase and catalase of staphylococcus xylosus in the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation.	staphylococcus xylosus used as starter culture in sausages decreases the level of volatile organic compounds arising from lipid oxidation and so contributes to the aroma by avoiding rancidity. the aim of this study was to characterize the roles of catalase and superoxide dismutase (sod) in the inhibition of free fatty acid oxidation by comparing antioxidant capacity of the s. xylosus wild-type strain with those of the kata mutant and the sod mutant. antioxidant capacity was determined by measuri ...	2001	11470359
bacterial flora of the conjunctiva and nasal cavity in normal and diseased captive bustards.	a survey was carried out to describe the normal aerobic bacterial flora of the conjunctiva and nasal cavity of captive houbara bustards (chlamydotis undulata), kori bustards (ardeotis kori), and white-bellied bustards (eupodotis senegalensis) maintained at the national avian research center, abu dhabi, united arab emirates. a total of 58 samples were examined from the nasal cavity and 55 samples from the conjunctiva of healthy bustards. there was no bacterial growth in 45% of conjunctival sample ...	2001	11417826
effect of the interaction between a low tyramine-producing lactobacillus and proteolytic staphylococci on biogenic amine production during ripening and storage of dry sausages.	the interaction between tyrosine-decarboxylase and proteolytic activities of a lactobacillus curvatus and staphylococcus xylosus, respectively, on biogenic amine production during the ripening and the storage of dry fermented sausages was investigated. water content, ph, proteolysis parameters, microbial counts, and biogenic amine contents were monitored in spontaneously and starter fermented sausages. the use of proteolytic staphylococci as starter resulted in a higher content of non-protein ni ...	2001	11322694
identification by 16s-23s rdna intergenic region amplification, genotypic and phenotypic clustering of staphylococcus xylosus strains from dry sausages.	to ascertain the identification and typing of the gram-positive, coagulase-negative cocci present in 'salsiccia sotto sugna', an italian artisanal sausage.	2001	11298231
staphylococcal surface display and its applications.	novel surface proteins can be introduced onto the bacterial cell surface by recombinant means. here, we describe the development of such display systems for two food-grade bacteria, staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus, and present how such engineered bacteria can be used in different applications. a study will be described in which such staphylococci were employed as vaccine delivery vehicles to elicit protective antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the use of ...	2000	11200538
analysis of catabolite control protein a-dependent repression in staphylococcus xylosus by a genomic reporter gene system.	a single-copy reporter system for staphylococcus xylosus has been developed, that uses a promoterless version of the endogenous beta-galactosidase gene lach as a reporter gene and that allows integration of promoters cloned in front of lach into the lactose utilization gene cluster by homologous recombination. the system was applied to analyze carbon catabolite repression of s. xylosus promoters by the catabolite control protein ccpa. to test if lach is a suitable reporter gene, beta-galactosida ...	2001	11133951
potential use of presumptive enterococci and staphylococci as indicators of sanitary condition in plants making hard italian-type cheese.	raw milk, pasteurized milk, unripened cheese (1 day old), and partially ripened cheese (3 months) from 42 milk lots at a plant making hard italian-type cheese were analyzed for presumptive enterococci using kanamycin esculin azide agar pour plates. fully ripened (> or =10 months) cheeses, derived from other milk lots, were also tested. numbers of presumptive staphylococci (baird-parker agar [b-p]) were determined in the partially and fully ripened cheeses. presumptive enterococci were ubiquitous ...	2000	11131893
a survey on the microbiological changes during the manufacture of dry-cured lacón, a spanish traditional meat product.	this article describes a microbiological study carried out on lacón, a dry-cured meat product made in the north-west of spain from the fore extremity of pig. using classical methods, aerobic mesophilic flora, salt-tolerant flora, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, moulds and yeasts were enumerated, some physicochemical parameters (ph, aw and moisture and nacl contents) were determined and a representative number of isolates of the salt-tolerant flora (the main microbial group ...	2000	11123475
mixed starter cultures to control biogenic amine production in dry fermented sausages.	several combinations of an amine-negative lactobacillus sakei strain, along with proteolytic staphylococcus carnosus or staphylococcus xylosus strains, were used to study the influence of mixed starter cultures on biogenic amine production during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages. changes in ph, water content, proteolysis, microbial counts, and biogenic amine contents were simultaneously examined in a spontaneously fermented batch and in three mixed starter-mediated batches. a double-con ...	2000	11079700
fed-batch production of recombinant human calcitonin precursor fusion protein using staphylococcus carnosus as an expression-secretion system.	a ph-auxostatic fed-batch process was developed for the secretory production of a fusion protein consisting of the pro-part of staphylococcus hyicus lipase and two synthetic human calcitonin (hct) precursor repeats under the control of a xylose-inducible promotor from staphylococcus xylosus. using glycerol as the energy source and ph-controlled addition of yeast extract resulted in the production of 2000 mg 1(-1) of the fusion protein (420 mg 1(-1) of the recombinant hct precursor) within 14 h, ...	2000	11030573
biogenic amine formation and oxidation by staphylococcus xylosus strains from artisanal fermented sausages.	fifty strains of staph. xylosus, isolated from artisanal fermented sausages in southern italy (lucania region) were tested to verify their potential to produce or degrade biogenic amines. twenty-six strains analysed were not able to form amines, but seven had the potential to produce spermine and/or spermidine and, at lower levels, tryptamine and tyramine. by contrast, about 80% of the strains that did not possess amino acid decarboxylase activity, exhibited an ability to degrade histamine. the ...	2000	10972734
ribose utilization in lactobacillus sakei: analysis of the regulation of the rbs operon and putative involvement of a new transporter.	a 7-kb dna fragment of lactobacillus sakei, containing the rbsd, rbsk and rbsr genes was sequenced. the genes responsible for ribose utilization are organized differently from what was previously described for model organisms such as escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. no gene encoding rbsa, rbsb and rbsc, the subunits of the ribose abc-transporter, were present in the rbs gene cluster. instead, we found an open reading frame coding for rbsu, a protein similar to glta, the glucose transporte ...	1999	10941799
rapid identification of staphylococcus epidermidis.	during the collection of airborne bacteria in a museum in england some bacterial strains were isolated which due to their fatty acid profiles were clearly identified as members of the genus staphylococcus. as fatty acid compositions of coagulase-negative staphylococci are very similar, differing only in quantities but not in qualities, further identification at the species level without a fatty acid database was not achieved. investigation of the isolates using the staph id 32 api system resulte ...	2000	10843049
antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of resistance genes in staphylococci from poultry.	the species distribution, susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents and presence of selected genes encoding resistance to macrolides, streptogramins and tetracyclines were examined among 118 staphylococcal isolates from infections of poultry in denmark. isolates were identified using a combination of conventional biochemical testing and 16s rdna sequencing. the most common species were staphylococcus aureus (83), staphylococcus hyicus (11), staphylococcus xylosus (9) and staphylococcus cohnii (6 ...	2000	10831857
characterisation of micrococcaceae isolated from different varieties of chorizo.	a total of 426 strains of micrococcaceae bacteria isolated from chorizo (a traditional spanish fermented sausage) were identified. the chorizos were sampled from three regions of castilla and león in spain: burgos, segovia and salamanca. two factories were chosen in each region and the samples were taken at three stages of ripening. staphylococcus xylosus was the most predominant species isolated (95%). twelve strain types of s. xylosus were established according to their fermentation patterns, ...	2000	10777069
[study of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b antibiotics resistance in staphylococcus aureus].	macrolide antibiotics (mac) consist of a 12- to 16-membered lactone ring combined with a sugar moiety, and they inhibit protein synthesis via binding to 23s ribosomal rna in bacteria. the 14- and 16-membered mac are used for treating infectious diseases caused by gram-positive and other bacteria; e.g., haemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, legionella pneumophila, campylobacter, treponema pallidum and mycoplasma. resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin-b (mls) antibiotics ...	2000	10774259
the growth and resistance to sodium hypochlorite of listeria monocytogenes in a steady-state multispecies biofilm.	a constant-depth film fermenter (cdff) was used to culture a steady-state multispecies biofilm consisting of one strain each of listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas fragi and staphylococcus xylosus. these bacteria were initially grown together in a conventional chemostat to achieve a steady state before being inoculated into the cdff over an 18-h period. a dilute tryptone soya broth (tsb) medium was supplied to the cdff and the biofilm allowed to develop over a 28-d period. this mature biofilm wa ...	2000	10747232
antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from artisanal naples-type salami.	in the present paper 42 isolates from italian salami were specified as staphylococcus xylosus (30), staph. capitis (1), staph. saprophyticus (1), staph. hominis (1), staph. simulans (1), staph. cohnii (1) and as staph. spp. (7). these strains were coagulase-negative and were examined for resistance/sensitivity against 25 antibiotics including beta-lactams (7), macrolides (3), amynoglicosides (5), glycopeptides, lincosamides (4) and novobiocin, fusidic acid, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, tetracycl ...	2000	10746101
replication of staphylococcal multiresistance plasmids.	based on structural and functional properties, three groups of large staphylococcal multiresistance plasmids have been recognized, viz., the psk1 family, psk41-like conjugative plasmids, and beta-lactamase-heavy-metal resistance plasmids. here we describe an analysis of the replication functions of a representative of each of these plasmid groups. the replication initiation genes from the staphylococcus aureus plasmids psk1, psk41, and pi9789::tn552 were found to be related to each other and to ...	2000	10735859
ribotyping and rapid identification of staphylococcus xylosus by 16-23s spacer amplification.	ninety-five strains of staphylococcus xylosus isolated from goat milk, french sausage or mice were analyzed together with 35 staphylococcus type strains by 16-23s spacer amplification and ribotyping. the results obtained by pcr amplification of the 16-23s spacer region permitted the distinction of each type strain and additionally generated a dna banding pattern characteristic for 93 of the 95 staphylococcus xylosus strains. ribotyping proved to be an efficient epidemiological tool for staphyloc ...	2000	10731611
effect of proteolytic starter cultures of staphylococcus spp. on biogenic amine formation during the ripening of dry fermented sausages.	the effect of proteolytic starter cultures of staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus on biogenic amine production was examined during the fermentation process of dry sausages. microbial counts (lactic acid bacteria, micrococcaceae and enterobactenaceae), ph, moisture and proteolysis-related parameters were also studied. the polyamines spermine and spermidine were the main amines found in the raw material and they only showed slight fluctuations during the fermentation. the four elabo ...	1999	10728610
characterization of an hpr kinase mutant of staphylococcus xylosus.	the staphylococcus xylosus gene hprk, encoding hpr kinase (hprk), has been isolated from a genomic library. the hprk enzyme, purified as a his(6) fusion protein, phosphorylated hpr, the phosphocarrier protein of the bacterial phosphotransferase system, at a serine residue in an atp-dependent manner, and it also catalyzed the reverse reaction. therefore, the enzyme constitutes a bifunctional hpr kinase/phosphatase. insertional inactivation of the gene in the genome of s. xylosus resulted in the c ...	2000	10714994
staphylococcal surface display of metal-binding polyhistidyl peptides.	recombinant staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus strains were generated with surface-exposed chimeric proteins containing polyhistidyl peptides designed for binding to divalent metal ions. surface accessibility of the chimeric surface proteins was demonstrated and the chimeric surface proteins were found to be functional in terms of metal binding, since the recombinant staphylococcal cells were shown to have gained ni(2+)- and cd(2+)-binding capacity, suggesting that such bacteria ...	2000	10698802
carbon catabolite repression in lactobacillus pentosus: analysis of the ccpa region.	the catabolite control protein ccpa is a central regulator in low-g+c-content gram-positive bacteria. it confers carbon catabolite repression to numerous genes required for carbon utilization. it also operates as a transcriptional activator of genes involved in diverse phenomena, such as glycolysis and ammonium fixation. we have cloned the ccpa region of lactobacillus pentosus. ccpa encodes a protein of 336 amino acids exhibiting similarity to ccpa proteins of other bacteria and to proteins of t ...	2000	10618236
pepr1, a ccpa-like transcription regulator of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis.	the pepr1 protein from lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis dsm 7290 shares extensive homology with catabolite-control proteins from various gram-positive bacteria. expression of the subcloned pepr1 gene allowed for partial complementation of a ccpa defect in staphylococcus xylosus. the influence of pepr1 on transcription of the prolidase gene pepq, which is located adjacent to pepr1, was examined by use of lacz reporter gene fusions in escherichia coli. pepr1 stimulated transcription initiat ...	1999	10589722
evaluation of solid-phase microextraction for analysis of volatile metabolites produced by staphylococci.	the evaluation of solid-phase microextraction (spme) for analysis of flavor compounds produced by bacteria has been studied. first, it was necessary to determine the optimal conditions to extract the different volatile compounds in dilute aqueous solutions. for this, the effects of salt, headspace, and liquid samplings and two coating phases [poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pdms) and poly(acrylate) (pa)] were tested. the addition of salt enhanced spme absorption of all the compounds. ethyl ester was bet ...	1998	10554224
recombinant staphylococcus strains as live vectors for the induction of neutralizing anti-diphtheria toxin antisera.	we have investigated whether the nonpathogenic gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus xylosus and s. carnosus can display a whole domain of a toxic protein on their surface and if such vectors are suitable for immunization of balb/c mice. the nucleotide sequence encoding the receptor-binding domain (dtr; amino acids 382 to 535) of diphtheria toxin (dt) was inserted into plasmids pse'mp18abpxm and psppmabpxm, which were designed to display heterologous proteins on s. xylosus and s. carnosus cell s ...	1999	10496871
biochemical and molecular characterization of erthromycin-resistant avian staphylococcus spp. isolated from chickens.	the epidemiology of the two common erythromycin-resistant methylase (erm) genes ermc and erma was analyzed in 12 coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp. and 34 coagulase-positive staphylococcus spp. isolated from chicken. southern hybridization indicated that only 2 of the 12 coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp. strains contained the ermc gene on the plasmid; 1 strain of staphylococcus xylosus harbored the ermc gene on a 2.5-kb plasmid, and 1 strain of staphylococcus cohnii harbored the gene on ...	1999	10472846
identification of a gene in staphylococcus xylosus encoding a novel glucose uptake protein.	by transposon tn917 mutagenesis, two mutants of staphylococcus xylosus were isolated that showed higher levels of beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of glucose than the wild type. both transposons integrated in a gene, designated glcu, encoding a protein involved in glucose uptake in s. xylosus, which is followed by a glucose dehydrogenase gene (gdh). glucose-mediated repression of beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-glucuronidase activities was partially relieved in the mut ...	1999	10438764
the essential staphylococcus aureus gene fmhb is involved in the first step of peptidoglycan pentaglycine interpeptide formation.	the factor catalyzing the first step in the synthesis of the characteristic pentaglycine interpeptide in staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan was found to be encoded by the essential gene fmhb. we have analyzed murein composition and structure synthesized when fmhb expression is reduced. the endogenous fmhb promoter was substituted with the xylose regulon from staphylococcus xylosus, which allowed glucose-controlled repression of fmhb transcription. repression of fmhb reduced growth and triggered ...	1999	10430946