Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| the fish pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2: epidemiology, phylogeny, and virulence factors involved in warm-water vibriosis. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is the etiological agent of warm-water vibriosis, a disease that affects eels and other teleosts, especially in fish farms. biotype 2 is polyphyletic and probably emerged from aquatic bacteria by acquisition of a transferable virulence plasmid that encodes resistance to innate immunity of eels and other teleosts. interestingly, biotype 2 comprises a zoonotic clonal complex designated as serovar e that has extended worldwide. one of the most interesting virulence facto ... | 2015 | 26185080 |
| development and characterization of a catalytically inactive cysteine protease domain of rtxa1/martxvv as a potential vaccine for vibrio vulnificus. | recent studies have defined several virulence factors as vaccine candidates against vibrio vulnificus. however, most of these factors have the potential to cause pathogenic effects in the vaccinees or induce incomplete protection. to overcome these drawbacks, a catalytically inactive form, cpdvv (c3725s), of the well-conserved cysteine protease domain (cpd) of v. vulnificus multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martxvv /rtxa1) was recombinantly generated and characterized. notably, ac ... | 2015 | 26177798 |
| ttrap is a critical factor in grouper immune response to virus infection. | ttrap (traf and tnf receptor-associated protein) is latest identified cytosolic protein that serves as a negative regulator for tnf signaling pathway. in this study, a member of tnf superfamily, ttrap gene (designed as ecttrap) was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides. there was an exo_endo_phos type domain in ecttrap, and it was well conserved when compared with other ttraps, especially the endonuclease activity related motifs. ecttrap exhibited prominent endonuclease activity against the ... | 2015 | 26172204 |
| functional analyses of resurrected and contemporary enzymes illuminate an evolutionary path for the emergence of exolysis in polysaccharide lyase family 2. | family 2 polysaccharide lyases (pl2s) preferentially catalyze the β-elimination of homogalacturonan using transition metals as catalytic cofactors. pl2 is divided into two subfamilies that have been generally associated with secretion, mg(2+) dependence, and endolysis (subfamily 1) and with intracellular localization, mn(2+) dependence, and exolysis (subfamily 2). when present within a genome, pl2 genes are typically found as tandem copies, which suggests that they provide complementary activiti ... | 2015 | 26160170 |
| the infectious and noninfectious dermatological consequences of flooding: a field manual for the responding provider. | meteorological data show that disastrous floods are increasingly frequent and more severe in recent years, perhaps due to climatic changes such as global warming. during and after a flood disaster, traumatic injuries, communicable diseases, chemical exposures, malnutrition, decreased access to care, and even mental health disorders dramatically increase, and many of these have dermatological manifestations. numerous case reports document typical and atypical cutaneous infections, percutaneous tr ... | 2015 | 26159354 |
| manganese is an additional cation that enhances colonial phase variation of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus, an inhabitant of marine and estuarine environments around the world, is the leading cause of reported seafood-related deaths in the united states. disease is caused by opaque colony-forming strains that produce capsular polysaccharide, loss of which results in an unencapsulated translucent phenotype with diminished virulence potential. rugose is a third phenotypic variant of v. vulnificus, and produces a separate exopolysaccharide that results in a dry, wrinkled appearance and ... | 2015 | 26147440 |
| evaluation of recombinant leukocidin domain of vvha exotoxin of vibrio vulnificus as an effective toxoid in mouse model. | vibrio vulnificus hemolysin a (vvha) is a pore forming toxin and plays an important role in the pathogenesis. the hemolytic and cytotytic property of vvha toxin is associated with n-terminal leukocidin domain which triggers apoptotic signaling cascade in epithelial cells. the present study was undertaken to assess the protective efficacy of recombinant vvha leukocidin domain (rl/vvha) against vvha toxin challenge using in vitro and in vivo assays. the rl/vvha protein was found to be non-toxic wi ... | 2015 | 26141623 |
| characterization of prohibitin 1 as a host partner of vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 toxin. | rtxa1 toxin, which results in cytoskeletal rearrangement, contact cytotoxicity, hemolysis, tissue invasion, and lethality in mice, is the most potent cytotoxic virulence factor of vibrio vulnificus. bioinformatics analysis of rtxa1 predicted 4 functional domains that presumably performed discrete functions during host cell killing. v. vulnificus rtxa1 has a unique domain designated as rtxa1-d2, corresponding to amino acids 1951-2574, which is absent in vibrio cholerae multifunctional-autoprocess ... | 2016 | 26136468 |
| molecular and physical factors that influence attachment of vibrio vulnificus to chitin. | the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the united states. strains are genotyped on the basis of alleles that correlate with isolation source, with clinical (c)-genotype strains being more often implicated in disease and environmental (e)-genotype strains being more frequently isolated from oysters and estuarine waters. previously, we have shown that the ecologically distinct c- and e-genotype strains of v. vulnificus display different degrees of ch ... | 2015 | 26116670 |
| vibrio vulnificus vvpe inhibits mucin 2 expression by hypermethylation via lipid raft-mediated ros signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. | mucin is an important physical barrier against enteric pathogens. vvpe is an elastase encoded by gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus; however, the functional role of vvpe in intestinal mucin (muc) production is yet to be elucidated. the recombinant protein (r) vvpe significantly reduced the level of muc2 in human mucus-secreting ht29-mtx cells. the repression of muc2 induced by rvvpe was highly susceptible to the knockdown of intelectin-1b (itln) and sequestration of cholesterol by methyl- ... | 2015 | 26086960 |
| site-specific processing of ras and rap1 switch i by a martx toxin effector domain. | ras (rat sarcoma) protein is a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation. mutations in the ras gene are known to occur in human cancers and have been shown to contribute to carcinogenesis. in this study, we show that the multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx) toxin-effector domain duf5(vv) from vibrio vulnificus to be a site-specific endopeptidase that cleaves within the switch 1 region of ras and rap1. duf5(vv) processing of ras, which occurs both biochemically and in ... | 2015 | 26051945 |
| kissing loop interaction in adenine riboswitch: insights from umbrella sampling simulations. | riboswitches are cis-acting regulatory rna elements prevalently located in the leader sequences of bacterial mrna. an adenine sensing riboswitch cis-regulates adeninosine deaminase gene (add) in vibrio vulnificus. the structural mechanism regulating its conformational changes upon ligand binding mostly remains to be elucidated. in this open framework it has been suggested that the ligand stabilizes the interaction of the distal "kissing loop" complex. using accurate full-atom molecular dynamics ... | 2015 | 26051557 |
| vibrio vulnificus secretes an insulin-degrading enzyme that promotes bacterial proliferation in vivo. | we describe a novel insulin-degrading enzyme, sidc, that contributes to the proliferation of the human bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus in a mouse model. sidc is phylogenetically distinct from other known insulin-degrading enzymes and is expressed and secreted specifically during host infection. purified sidc causes a significant decrease in serum insulin levels and an increase in blood glucose levels in mice. a comparison of mice infected with wild type v. vulnificus or an isogenic sidc-del ... | 2015 | 26041774 |
| analysis of vibrio vulnificus infection risk when consuming depurated raw oysters. | a beta poisson dose-response model for vibrio vulnificus food poisoning cases leading to septicemia was used to evaluate the effect of depuration at 15 °c on the estimated health risk associated with raw oyster consumption. statistical variability sources included v. vulnificus level at harvest, time and temperature during harvest and transportation to processing plants, decimal reductions (sv) observed during experimental circulation depuration treatments, refrigerated storage time before consu ... | 2015 | 26038900 |
| suspension of oysters reduces the populations of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) and vibrio vulnificus (vv) are associated with the consumption of raw oysters and cause illnesses ranging from simple gastroenteritis to life-threatening septicaemia. these halophilic bacteria are frequently found in marine and estuarine systems, accumulating within the tissues of a number of aquatic organisms and passing on to humans after consumption, through contaminated water, or via open wounds. as benthic organisms capable of filtering 40 gallons of water per h ... | 2015 | 26031606 |
| host-like carbohydrates promote bloodstream survival of vibrio vulnificus in vivo. | sialic acids are found on all vertebrate cell surfaces and are part of a larger class of molecules known as nonulosonic acids. many bacterial pathogens synthesize related nine-carbon backbone sugars; however, the role(s) of these non-sialic acid molecules in host-pathogen interactions is poorly understood. vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related death in the united states due to its ability to quickly access the host bloodstream, which it can accomplish through gastrointestinal ... | 2015 | 26015477 |
| deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria related to human pathogenic vibrio species. | vibrio species are both ubiquitous and abundant in marine coastal waters, estuaries, ocean sediment, and aquaculture settings worldwide. we report here the isolation, characterization, and genome sequence of a novel vibrio species, vibrio antiquarius, isolated from a mesophilic bacterial community associated with hydrothermal vents located along the east pacific rise, near the southwest coast of mexico. genomic and phenotypic analysis revealed v. antiquarius is closely related to pathogenic vibr ... | 2015 | 25964331 |
| occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio vulnificus in the aquacultural environments of taiwan. | the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. the halophilic v. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log cfu/g. v. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in ... | 2015 | 25951392 |
| model for end-stage liver disease (meld) score as a predictor and monitor of mortality in patients with vibrio vulnificus necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections. | vibrio vulnificus necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (vnsstis) usually predispose patients with or without preexisting liver disease to septic shock, and then evolve to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (mods), thus resulting in high mortality in humans. however, clinicians do not have a valid prediction model to provide a reliable estimate of case-fatality rate when caring for these acutely and/or critically ill patients. | 2015 | 25923115 |
| vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 modulated calcium flux contributes reduced internalization in phagocytes. | vibrio vulnificusis an opportunistic pathogen that causes primary septicemia and wound infection with high mortality rate. this pathogen produces an rtx toxin (rtxa1) which can cause host cell rounding, cell death and interference with internalization by host phagocytes. however, the mechanism of rtxa1-induced phagocyte paralysis is not clear. | 2015 | 25916802 |
| induced autoprocessing of the cytopathic makes caterpillars floppy-like effector domain of the vibrio vulnificus martx toxin. | the multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx(vv)) toxin that harbours a varied repertoire of effector domains is the primary virulence factor of vibrio vulnificus. although ubiquitously present among biotype i toxin variants, the 'makes caterpillars floppy-like' effector domain (mcf(vv)) is previously unstudied. using transient expression and protein delivery, mcf(vv) and mcf(ah) from the aeromonas hydrophila martx(ah)) toxin are shown for the first time to induce cell rounding. al ... | 2015 | 25912102 |
| role of acsr in expression of the acetyl-coa synthetase gene in vibrio vulnificus. | vars/vara is one of the global factors regulating diverse aspects of the metabolism and virulence of bacteria including pathogenic vibrio spp. an experiment to identify the vars/vara-regulon in v. vulnificus revealed that a putative luxr-type transcriptional regulator was down-regulated in δvara mutant. to investigate the roles of this regulatory cascade, the target gene regulated by a luxr-regulator was identified and its expression was characterized. | 2015 | 25887971 |
| stationary-phase induction of vvps expression by three transcription factors: repression by leuo and activation by smcr and crp. | an exoprotease of vibrio vulnificus, vvps, exhibits an autolytic function during the stationary phase. to understand how vvps expression is controlled, the regulators involved in vvps transcription and their regulatory mechanisms were investigated. leuo was isolated in a ligand-fishing experiment, and experiments using a leuo-deletion mutant revealed that leuo represses vvps transcription. leuo bound the extended region including leuo-binding site (lbs)-i and lbs-ii. further screening of additio ... | 2015 | 25869813 |
| host-pathogen interactions in vibrio vulnificus: responses of monocytes and vascular endothelial cells to live bacteria. | to demonstrate that vibrio vulnificus, a sepsis-related aquatic pathogen, can provoke a strong pro-inflammatory reaction in blood-associated target cells. | 2015 | 25865188 |
| identification of novel inflammatory cytokines and contribution of keratinocyte-derived chemokine to inflammation in response to vibrio vulnificus infection in mice. | currently, only tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) and interleukin family cytokines have been found to be elicited in vibrio vulnificus (v. vulnificus)-infected animal models and humans. however, multiple other cytokines are also involved in the immune and inflammatory responses to foreign microorganism infection. antibody array technology, unlike traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), is able to detect multiple cytokines at one time. therefore, in this study, we examined the pr ... | 2015 | 25862020 |
| nmr study of the o-specific polysaccharide and the core oligosaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide produced by plesiomonas shigelloides o24:h8 (strain cnctc 92/89). | the structures of the o-specific polysacccharide and core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from plesiomonas shigelloides o24:h8, strain cnctc 92/89, have been investigated by nmr spectroscopy and esi mass spectrometry. the o-specific polysaccharide was found to be composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of [→3)-α-fucpnac-(1→3)-α-galpnaca-(1→3)-α-quipnac-(1→] and of α-rhapnac (1→4) linked to the galpnaca residue. an identical structure has been reported for the capsular p ... | 2015 | 25834986 |
| distinct roles of the repeat-containing regions and effector domains of the vibrio vulnificus multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx) toxin. | vibrio vulnificus is a seafood-borne pathogen that destroys the intestinal epithelium, leading to rapid bacterial dissemination and death. the most important virulence factor is the multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx) toxin comprised of effector domains in the center region flanked by long repeat-containing regions which are well conserved among martx toxins and predicted to translocate effector domains. here, we examined the role of the repeat-containing regions using a modi ... | 2015 | 25827415 |
| molecular analysis of promoter and intergenic region attenuator of the vibrio vulnificus prx1ahpf operon. | prx1, an ahpf-dependent 2-cys peroxiredoxin (prx), was previously identified in vibrio vulnificus, a facultative aerobic pathogen. in the present study, transcription of the v. vulnificus prx1ahpf genes, which are adjacently located on the chromosome, was evaluated by analyzing the promoter and intergenic region of the two genes. northern blot analyses revealed that transcription of prx1ahpf results in two transcripts, the prx1 and prx1ahpf transcripts. primer extension analysis and a point muta ... | 2015 | 25824432 |
| vibrio vulnificus glycogen branching enzyme preferentially transfers very short chains: n1 domain determines the chain length transferred. | the glycogen branching enzyme from vibrio vulnificus (vvgbe) transfers short side chains (dp 3-5) significantly greater than any other bacterial glycogen branching enzyme (gbe). to elucidate the role of the n-domain of vvgbe in the unique branching pattern, domain-truncated (n1 and n) and n1-domain-swapped (with vvgbe n1 replacing the counter part of escherichia coli gbe) mutants were constructed. the truncation mutants synthesized branched products with a greatly reduced proportion of short cha ... | 2015 | 25819440 |
| vibrio vulnificus detected in the spleen leads to fatal outcome in a mouse oral infection model. | vibrio vulnificus causes rapid disseminating septicemia by oral infection in infected individuals who have an underlying disease, especially chronic liver diseases. although the elucidation of specific risk factors for v. vulnificus infection in patients with liver diseases is of urgent importance, no appropriate experimental animal model that mimics the liver diseases in this bacterial infection has been available so far. to discover these risk factors, we generated a liver disordered mouse by ... | 2015 | 25790509 |
| signature-tagged mutagenesis of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of primary septicemia, wound infection and gastroenteritis in immunocompromised people. in this study, signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) was applied to identify the virulence genes of v. vulnificus. using stm, 6,480 mutants in total were constructed and divided into 81 sets (input pools); each mutant in a set was assigned a different tag. each input pool was intraperitoneally injected into iron-overloaded mice, and in vivo surviving mutants were collecte ... | 2015 | 25755021 |
| hygiene and health risks associated with the consumption of edible lamellibranch molluscs. | edible lamellibranch molluscs are frequently the cause of very serious outbreaks of food poisoning. microbiological suitability for human consumption, according to ec reg. n. 1441/2007, is only based on two faecal bacteriological contamination parameters (escherichia coli and salmonella) and does not consider other microorganisms which are naturally present within the marine environment and are potentially pathogenic such as those belonging to the genus vibrio. in this study, a total of 540 samp ... | 2015 | 25744696 |
| evaluation of the bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for identification of blood isolates of vibrio species. | among 56 blood isolates of vibrio species identified by sequencing analysis of 16s rrna and rpob genes, the bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) system correctly identified all isolates of vibrio vulnificus (n = 20), v. parahaemolyticus (n = 2), and v. fluvialis (n = 1) but none of the isolates of serogroup non-o1/o139 (non-serogroup o1, non-o139) v. cholerae (n = 33) to the species level. all of these serogroup non-o1/o139 v ... | 2015 | 25740773 |
| functional analysis of vibrio vulnificus rnd efflux pumps homologous to vibrio cholerae vexab and vexcd, and to escherichia coli acrab. | resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) efflux pumps are associated with multidrug resistance in many gram-negative pathogens. the genome of vibrio vulnificus encodes 11 putative rnd pumps homologous to those of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli. in this study, we analyzed three putative rnd efflux pumps, showing homology to v. cholerae vexab and vexcd and to e. coli acrab, for their functional roles in multidrug resistance of v. vulnificus. deletion of the vexab homolog resulted in increased su ... | 2015 | 25740377 |
| vibrio vulnificus vvha induces nf-κb-dependent mitochondrial cell death via lipid raft-mediated ros production in intestinal epithelial cells. | the gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus produces hemolysin (vvha), which induces cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. however, our understanding of the cytotoxic mechanism and the modes of action of vvha are still fragmentary and incomplete. the recombinant protein (r) vvha (50 pg/ml) significantly induces necrotic cell death and apoptosis in human intestinal epithelial (int-407) cells. the apoptotic cell death induced by rvvha is highly susceptible to the sequestration of cholesterol by methy ... | 2015 | 25695598 |
| a novel recombinant bivalent outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas hydrophila as a vaccine antigen of american eel (anguilla rostrata). | the immogenicity of a novel vaccine antigen was evaluated after immunized american eels (anguilla rostrata) with a recombinant bivalent expressed outer membrane protein (omp) of vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas hydrophila. three groups of eels were intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with phosphate-buffered saline (pbs group), formaline-killed-whole-cell (fkc) of a. hydrophila and v. vulnificus (fkc group) or the bivalent omp (omp group). on 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-vaccination respectively, prolif ... | 2015 | 25655329 |
| genetic characterization of vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from oyster samples in mexico. | vibrio vulnificus strains were isolated from oysters that were collected at the main seafood market in mexico city. strains were characterized with regard to vvha, vcg genotype, pfge, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and rtxa1. analyses included a comparison with rtxa1 reference sequences. environmental (vcge) and clinical (vcgc) genotypes were isolated at nearly equal percentages. pfge had high heterogeneity, but the strains clustered by vcge or vcgc genotype. select housekeeping genes for ml ... | 2015 | 25651067 |
| vvpm induces human cell death via multifarious modes including necroptosis and autophagy. | vvpm, one of the extracellular metalloproteases produced by vibrio vulnificus, induces apoptotic cell death via a pathway consisting of erk activation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases-9 and -3. vvpm-treated cells also showed necrotic cell death as stained by propidium iodide (pi). the percentage of pi-stained cells was decreased by pretreatment with necrostatin-1, indicating that vvpm-mediated cell death occurs through necroptosis. the appearance of autophagic vesicles and lipid ... | 2015 | 25649984 |
| the immediate global responses of aliivibrio salmonicida to iron limitations. | iron is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms, and virulence and sequestration of iron in pathogenic bacteria are believed to be correlated. as a defence mechanism, potential hosts therefore keep the level of free iron inside the body to a minimum. in general, iron metabolism is well studied for some bacteria (mostly human or animal pathogens). however, this area is still under-investigated for a number of important bacterial pathogens. aliivibrio salmonicida is a fish pathogen, an ... | 2015 | 25649684 |
| tetanus toxin fragment c fused to flagellin makes a potent mucosal vaccine. | recombinant subunit vaccines provide safe and targeted protection against microbial infections. however, the protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines tends to be less potent than the whole cell vaccines, especially when they are administered through mucosal routes. we have reported that a bacterial flagellin has strong mucosal adjuvant activity to induce protective immune responses. in this study, we tested whether flab could be used as a fusion partner of subunit vaccine for tetanus. | 2015 | 25649002 |
| comparative genomic analysis of clinical and environmental vibrio vulnificus isolates revealed biotype 3 evolutionary relationships. | in 1996 a common-source outbreak of severe soft tissue and bloodstream infections erupted among israeli fish farmers and fish consumers due to changes in fish marketing policies. the causative pathogen was a new strain of vibrio vulnificus, named biotype 3, which displayed a unique biochemical and genotypic profile. initial observations suggested that the pathogen erupted as a result of genetic recombination between two distinct populations. we applied a whole genome shotgun sequencing approach ... | 2014 | 25642229 |
| sediment and vegetation as reservoirs of vibrio vulnificus in the tampa bay estuary and gulf of mexico. | the opportunistic pathogen vibrio vulnificus occurs naturally in estuarine habitats and is readily cultured from water and oysters under warm conditions but infrequently at ambient conditions of <15°c. the presence of v. vulnificus in other habitats, such as sediments and aquatic vegetation, has been explored much less frequently. this study investigated the ecology of v. vulnificus in water by culture and quantitative pcr (qpcr) and in sediment, oysters, and aquatic vegetation by culture. v. vu ... | 2015 | 25636843 |
| novel host-specific iron acquisition system in the zoonotic pathogen vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium associated with human and fish (mainly farmed eels) diseases globally known as vibriosis. the ability to infect and overcome eel innate immunity relies on a virulence plasmid (pvvbt2) specific for biotype 2 (bt2) strains. in the present study, we demonstrated that pvvbt2 encodes a host-specific iron acquisition system that depends on an outer membrane receptor for eel transferrin called vep20. the inactivation of vep20 did not affect either bacterial growt ... | 2015 | 25630302 |
| ph level as a marker for predicting death among patients with vibrio vulnificus infection, south korea, 2000-2011. | vibrio vulnificus infection can progress to necrotizing fasciitis and death. to improve the likelihood of patient survival, an early prognosis of patient outcome is clinically important for emergency/trauma department doctors. to identify an accurate and simple predictor for death among v. vulnificus-infected persons, we reviewed clinical data for 34 patients at a hospital in south korea during 2000-2011; of the patients, 16 (47%) died and 18 (53%) survived. for nonsurvivors, median time from ho ... | 2015 | 25627847 |
| role of hemf and hemn in the heme biosynthesis of vibrio vulnificus under s-adenosylmethionine-limiting conditions. | vibrio vulnificus contains two coproporphyrinogen iii oxidases (cpos): o2-dependent hemf and o2-independent hemn. the growth of the hemf mutant hf1 was similar to wild-type cells at ph 7.5 under 2% o2 conditions where hemn was active and had a half-life of 64 min. however, hf1 did not grow when the medium ph decreased to ph 5.0, where oxidative stress affects endogenous s-adenosylmethionine (sam) levels. the growth of hf1 was restored not only by elevating the expression of mnsod but also throug ... | 2015 | 25626927 |
| early steps in the european eel (anguilla anguilla)-vibrio vulnificus interaction in the gills: role of the rtxa13 toxin. | vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic gram-negative bacterium that causes a systemic disease in eels called warm-water vibriosis. natural disease occurs via water born infection; bacteria attach to the gills (the main portal of entry) and spread to the internal organs through the bloodstream, provoking host death by haemorrhagic septicaemia. v. vulnificus produces a toxin called rtxa13 that hypothetically interferes with the eel immune system facilitating bacterial invasion and subsequent death by sep ... | 2015 | 25613341 |
| identification of the target dna sequence and characterization of dna binding features of hlyu, and suggestion of a redox switch for hlya expression in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae from in silico studies. | hlyu, a transcriptional regulator common in many vibrio species, activates the hemolysin gene hlya in vibrio cholerae, the rtxa1 operon in vibrio vulnificus and the genes of plp-vah1 and rtxachbde gene clusters in vibrio anguillarum. the protein is also proposed to be a potential global virulence regulator for v. cholerae and v. vulnificus. mechanisms of gene control by hlyu in v. vulnificus and v. anguillarum are reported. however, detailed elucidation of the interaction of hlyu in v. cholerae ... | 2015 | 25605793 |
| multiplex pcr for detection of virulence markers of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative pathogen found in coastal and estuarine waters worldwide that can cause life threatening diseases. characterization of the vcg (virulence correlated gene) or 16s rrna alleles is used to distinguish virulent (clinical (c)-type) from presumably avirulent (environmental (e)-type) strains. however, some studies reported a significant number of clinical strains belonging to the e-type. in recent years more potential virulence markers have been identified, that are ... | 2015 | 25604517 |
| differential specificity of selective culture media for enumeration of pathogenic vibrios: advantages and limitations of multi-plating methods. | plating environmental samples on vibrio-selective chromogenic media is a commonly used technique that allows one to quickly estimate concentrations of putative vibrio pathogens or to isolate them for further study. although this approach is convenient, its usefulness depends directly on how well the procedure selects against false positives. we tested whether a chromogenic medium, chromagar vibrio (cav), used alone (single-plating) or in combination (double-plating) with a traditional medium thi ... | 2015 | 25602161 |
| histidine phosphocarrier protein regulates pyruvate kinase a activity in response to glucose in vibrio vulnificus. | the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts) consists of two general energy-coupling proteins [enzyme i and histidine phosphocarrier protein (hpr)] and several sugar-specific enzyme iis. although, in addition to the phosphorylation-coupled transport of sugars, various regulatory roles of pts components have been identified in escherichia coli, much less is known about the pts in the opportunistic human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. in this study, we have identified pyruv ... | 2015 | 25598011 |
| draft genome sequences of four closely linked vibrio vulnificus isolates from the biotype 1 environmental genotype. | biotype 1 of vibrio vulnificus, which causes severe invasive intestinal and wound infections, is split into two genotypes with all previously sequenced clinical isolates from the c genotypes. we report here the whole-genome sequencing of two clinical isolates and two closely linked oyster isolates from the e genotype for comparative studies. | 2015 | 25593245 |
| hepcidin-induced hypoferremia is a critical host defense mechanism against the siderophilic bacterium vibrio vulnificus. | hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disease caused by a deficiency in the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, is associated with lethal infections by siderophilic bacteria. to elucidate the mechanisms of this susceptibility, we infected wild-type and hepcidin-deficient mice with the siderophilic bacterium vibrio vulnificus and found that hepcidin deficiency results in increased bacteremia and decreased survival of infected mice, which can be partially ameliorated by dietary iron depletion ... | 2015 | 25590758 |
| cyclo(phe-pro) produced by the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus inhibits host innate immune responses through the nf-κb pathway. | cyclo(phe-pro) (cfp) is a secondary metabolite produced by certain bacteria and fungi. although recent studies highlight the role of cfp in cell-to-cell communication by bacteria, its role in the context of the host immune response is poorly understood. in this study, we investigated the role of cfp produced by the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus in the modulation of innate immune responses toward the pathogen. cfp suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and reacti ... | 2015 | 25561711 |
| danger on a half shell: vibrio vulnificus septicemia. | 2015 | 25555549 | |
| genome-wide snp-genotyping array to study the evolution of the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 3. | vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic bacterium and an important human pathogen. strains of v. vulnificus are classified into three different biotypes. the newly emerged biotype 3 has been found to be clonal and restricted to israel. in the family vibrionaceae, horizontal gene transfer is the main mechanism responsible for the emergence of new pathogen groups. to better understand the evolution of the bacterium, and in particular to trace the evolution of biotype 3, we performed genome-wide snp genoty ... | 2014 | 25526263 |
| transcriptome sequencing reveals the virulence and environmental genetic programs of vibrio vulnificus exposed to host and estuarine conditions. | vibrio vulnificus is a natural inhabitant of estuarine waters worldwide and is of medical relevance due to its ability to cause grievous wound infections and/or fatal septicemia. genetic polymorphisms within the virulence-correlated gene (vcg) serve as a primary feature to distinguish clinical (c-) genotypes from environmental (e-) genotypes. c-genotypes demonstrate superior survival in human serum relative to e-genotypes, and genome comparisons have allowed for the identification of several put ... | 2014 | 25489854 |
| efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water for reducing pathogenic bacteria contaminating shrimp. | pathogenic contamination is a food safety concern. this study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (new) in killing pathogens, namely, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, salmonella enteritidis, and escherichia coli in shrimp. pure cultures of each pathogen were submerged separately in new containing five different chlorine concentrations: 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 ppm. for each concentration, three submersion times were tested: 1, 3, and 5 min. the popul ... | 2014 | 25474069 |
| bacterial zoonoses of fishes: a review and appraisal of evidence for linkages between fish and human infections. | human contact with and consumption of fishes presents hazards from a range of bacterial zoonotic infections. whereas many bacterial pathogens have been presented as fish-borne zoonoses on the basis of epidemiological and phenotypic evidence, genetic identity between fish and human isolates is not frequently examined or does not provide support for transmission between these hosts. in order to accurately assess the zoonotic risk from exposure to fishes in the context of aquaculture, wild fisherie ... | 2015 | 25466575 |
| zebrafish fed on recombinant artemia expressing epinecidin-1 exhibit increased survival and altered expression of immunomodulatory genes upon vibrio vulnificus infection. | artemia has been used extensively in aquaculture as fodder for larval fish, shrimp, and shellfish. epinecidin-1, an antimicrobial peptide, was isolated from grouper (epinephelus coioides) in 2005. epinecidin-1 has been previously reported to possess antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, including staphylococcus coagulase, pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus pyogenes, and vibrio vulnificus. in this study, we used electroporation to introduce p ... | 2015 | 25462461 |
| recreational swimmers' exposure to vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in the chesapeake bay, maryland, usa. | vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus are ubiquitous in the marine-estuarine environment, but the magnitude of human non-ingestion exposure to these waterborne pathogens is largely unknown. we evaluated the magnitude of dermal exposure to v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus among swimmers recreating in vibrio-populated waters by conducting swim studies at four swimming locations in the chesapeake bay in 2009 and 2011. volunteers (n=31) swam for set time periods, and surface water (n=25 ... | 2015 | 25454225 |
| development of a matrix tool for the prediction of vibrio species in oysters harvested from north carolina. | the united states has federal regulations in place to reduce the risk of seafood-related infection caused by the estuarine bacteria vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. however, data to support the development of regulations have been generated in a very few specific regions of the nation. more regionally specific data are needed to further understand the dynamics of human infection relating to shellfish-harvesting conditions in other areas. in this study, oysters and water were collec ... | 2015 | 25452288 |
| serum survival of vibrio vulnificus: role of genotype, capsule, complement, clinical origin, and in situ incubation. | virulence of the human pathogen, v. vulnificus, is associated with encapsulation, serum complement resistance, and genotype. the c-genotype of this bacterium is correlated (>90%) with virulence and with isolation source (clinical settings). e-genotype strains are highly correlated with environmental isolation (93%) but appear less virulent. in this study, we characterized the importance of genotype, encapsulation, serum complement, and in situ exposure to estuarine water on the survival of the t ... | 2014 | 25436506 |
| impact of analytic provenance in genome analysis. | many computational methods are available for assembly and annotation of newly sequenced microbial genomes. however, when new genomes are reported in the literature, there is frequently very little critical analysis of choices made during the sequence assembly and gene annotation stages. these choices have a direct impact on the biologically relevant products of a genomic analysis--for instance identification of common and differentiating regions among genomes in a comparison, or identification o ... | 2014 | 25435180 |
| draft genome sequence of fish pathogenic vibrio vulnificus biotype 2. | vibrio vulnificus is a marine pathogen capable of causing severe soft tissue infections and septicemia in humans. v. vulnificus biotype 2 is the etiological agent of fish vibriosis. we describe here the first draft genome sequence of v. vulnificus biotype 2, strain es-7601, isolated from an infected eel in japan. | 2014 | 25428972 |
| bacterial virulence analysis using brine shrimp as an infection model in relation to the importance of quorum sensing and proteases. | brine shrimp are aquatic crustaceans belonging to a genus of artemia. this organism is widely used for testing the toxicity of chemicals. in this study, brine shrimp were evaluated as an infection model organism to study bacterial virulence. artemia nauplii were infected with various pathogenic bacteria, such as vibrio vulnificus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia vietnamiensis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli, and the susceptibility to these bacteria was investigated by counting ... | 2014 | 25420421 |
| role of anaerobiosis in capsule production and biofilm formation in vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus, a pervasive human pathogen, can cause potentially fatal septicemia after consumption of undercooked seafood. biotype 1 strains of v. vulnificus are most commonly associated with human infection and are separated into two genotypes, clinical (c) and environmental (e), based on the virulence-correlated gene. for ingestion-based vibriosis to occur, this bacterium must be able to withstand multiple conditions as it traverses the gastrointestinal tract and ultimately gains entry in ... | 2015 | 25404024 |
| [the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell on lung injury induced by vibrio vulnificus sepsis]. | to discuss the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (bmsc) on lung injury induced by vibrio vulnificus sepsis and its mechanism. | 2014 | 25399898 |
| characterization of the vibrio vulnificus 1-cys peroxiredoxin prx3 and regulation of its expression by the fe-s cluster regulator iscr in response to oxidative stress and iron starvation. | peroxiredoxins (prxs) are ubiquitous antioxidant enzymes that reduce toxic peroxides. a new vibrio vulnificus prx, named prx3, was identified and characterized in this study. biochemical and mutational analyses revealed that prx3 reduces h2o2, utilizing glutaredoxin 3 (grx3) and glutathione (gsh) as reductants, and requires only n-terminal peroxidatic cysteine for its catalysis. these results, combined with the monomeric size of prx3 observed under non-reducing conditions, suggested that prx3 is ... | 2014 | 25398878 |
| vvpm, an extracellular metalloprotease of vibrio vulnificus, induces apoptotic death of human cells. | a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus produces various extracellular proteases including the elastolytic metalloprotease, vvpe. in silico analysis of its genome revealed a vvpe-homologous protease, vvpm whose proteolytic activity was abolished by specific inhibitors against metalloproteases. to investigate whether this newly identified protease has pathogenic role in host interaction in addition to proteolytic role, human cell lines were incubated with recombinant vvpm (rvvpm). rvvpm-challen ... | 2014 | 25363631 |
| temperature effect on high salinity depuration of vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus from the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | vibrio vulnificus (vv) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) are opportunistic human pathogens naturally associated with the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. the abundances of both pathogens in oysters are positively correlated with temperature, thus ingestion of raw oysters during the warm summer months is a risk factor for contracting illness from these bacteria. current post-harvest processing (php) methods for elimination of these pathogens are expensive and kill the oyster, changing their o ... | 2015 | 25310264 |
| occurrence of vibrio vulnificus and toxigenic vibrio parahaemolyticus on sea catfishes from galveston bay, texas. | dorsal and pectoral fin spines from two species of sea catfishes (bagre marinus and ariopsis felis) landed at 54 sites in galveston bay, texas, and its sub-bays from june to october 2005 were screened with traditional cultivation-based assays and quantitative pcr assays for vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. v. vulnificus was present on 51.2% of fish (n = 247), with an average of 403 ± 337 sd cells g(-1). v. parahaemolyticus was present on 94.2% (n = 247); 12.8% tested positive for t ... | 2014 | 25285498 |
| abundance of vibrio cholerae, v. vulnificus, and v. parahaemolyticus in oysters (crassostrea virginica) and clams (mercenaria mercenaria) from long island sound. | vibriosis is a leading cause of seafood-associated morbidity and mortality in the united states. typically associated with consumption of raw or undercooked oysters, vibriosis associated with clam consumption is increasingly being reported. however, little is known about the prevalence of vibrio spp. in clams. the objective of this study was to compare the levels of vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters and clams harvested concurrently from long island sound ... | 2014 | 25281373 |
| complete genome sequence of vibrio vulnificus 93u204, a bacterium isolated from diseased tilapia in taiwan. | vibrio vulnificus 93u204 is a bacterium isolated from a moribund tilapia collected in kaohsiung, taiwan. here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium to facilitate the investigation of its pathogenicity and for comparative analyses with human-pathogenic strains within the same species. | 2014 | 25278541 |
| factors affecting the uptake and retention of vibrio vulnificus in oysters. | vibrio vulnificus, a bacterium ubiquitous in oysters and coastal water, is capable of causing ailments ranging from gastroenteritis to grievous wound infections or septicemia. the uptake of these bacteria into oysters is often examined in vitro by placing oysters in seawater amended with v. vulnificus. multiple teams have obtained similar results in studies where laboratory-grown bacteria were observed to be rapidly taken up by oysters but quickly eliminated. this technique, along with suggested ... | 2014 | 25261513 |
| identification of capsule, biofilm, lateral flagellum, and type iv pili in vibrio mimicus strains. | vibrio mimicus is a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis; it is closely related to vibrio cholerae, and can cause acute diarrhea like cholera- or dysentery-type diarrhea. it is distributed worldwide. factors associated with virulence (such as hemolysins, enterotoxins, proteases, phospholipases, aerobactin, and hemagglutinin) have been identified; however, its pathogenicity mechanism is still unknown. in pathogenic vibrio species such as v. cholerae, vibrio. parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificu ... | 2014 | 25246027 |
| activities of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunits c1 and c2 of vibrio parahaemolyticus against different peroxides. | alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c gene (ahpc) functions were characterized in vibrio parahaemolyticus, a commonly occurring marine food-borne enteropathogenic bacterium. two ahpc genes, ahpc1 (vpa1683) and ahpc2 (vp0580), encoded putative two-cysteine peroxiredoxins, which are highly similar to the homologous proteins of vibrio vulnificus. the responses of deletion mutants of ahpc genes to various peroxides were compared with and without gene complementation and at different incubation tem ... | 2014 | 25239899 |
| expression of high mobility group protein b1 in the lungs of rats with sepsis. | vibrio vulnificus inside the body could activate the nf-κb signaling pathway and initiate the inflammatory cascade. the lung is one of the earliest organs affected by sepsis associated with acute lung injury. high mobility group protein b1 (hmgb1) is an important late-acting pro-inflammatory cytokine involving in the pathophysiology of sepsis. it is also involved in the injury process in the lung, liver and intestine. there has been no report on the involvement of hmgb1 in vibrio vulnificus seps ... | 2011 | 25215028 |
| the rnd protein is involved in the vulnibactin export system in vibrio vulnificus m2799. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic marine bacterium that causes a serious, often fatal, infection in humans, requires iron for its pathogenesis. this bacterium exports vulnibactin for iron acquisition from the environment. the mechanisms of vulnibactin biosynthesis and ferric-vulnibactin uptake systems have recently been reported, while the vulnibactin export system has not been reported. mutant growth under low-iron concentration conditions and a bioassay of the culture supernatant indicate th ... | 2014 | 25205089 |
| necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus and klebsiella pneumoniae in diabetic patients. | vibrio vulnificus related necrotizing fasciitis is a fatal, rapidly progressive soft-tissue infection. necrotizing fasciitis caused by klebsiella pneumoniae is rare, which is indistinguishable from v. vulnificus infection in the emergency room. the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome between these two pathogens in diabetic patients. | 2016 | 25179718 |
| prevalence and characterisation of non-cholerae vibrio spp. in final effluents of wastewater treatment facilities in two districts of the eastern cape province of south africa: implications for public health. | vibrios and other enteric pathogens can be found in wastewater effluents of a healthy population. we assessed the prevalence of three non-cholerae vibrios in wastewater effluents of 14 wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) in chris hani and amathole district municipalities in the eastern cape province of south africa for a period of 12 months. with the exception of wwtp10 where presumptive vibrios were not detected in summer and spring, presumptive vibrios were detected in all seasons in other wwtp ... | 2015 | 25167817 |
| monoclonal antibodies against vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 elicit protective immunity through distinct mechanisms. | vibrio vulnificus causes rapidly progressing septicemia with an extremely high mortality rate (≥50%), even with aggressive antibiotic treatment. the bacteria secrete multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx) toxins, which are involved in the pathogenesis of gram-negative vibrio species. recently, we reported that immunization with the c-terminal region of v. vulnificus rtxa1/martxvv, rtxa1-c, elicits a protective immune response against v. vulnificus through a poorly defined mechan ... | 2014 | 25156730 |
| modeling and forecasting the distribution of vibrio vulnificus in chesapeake bay. | to construct statistical models to predict the presence, abundance and potential virulence of vibrio vulnificus in surface waters of chesapeake bay for implementation in ecological forecasting systems. | 2014 | 25139334 |
| pathogenic vibrios in environmental, seafood and clinical sources in germany. | bacteria of the family vibrionaceae naturally occur in marine and estuarine environments. only few species of vibrionaceae are associated with human cases of gastroenteritis, ear and wound infections, caused by ingestion of seafood or contact with vibrio containing water. increasing consumption of seafood (fish, fishery products and shellfish) poses a possible source of vibrio infections in germany. additionally, there is a growing concern that abundances of pathogenic vibrios may increase in ge ... | 2014 | 25129553 |
| occurrence of the three major vibrio species pathogenic for human in seafood products consumed in france using real-time pcr. | vibrio spp. have emerged as a serious threat to human health worldwide. vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus are of particular concern as they have been linked to gastrointestinal infections and septicemia associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. we developed hydrolysis probe-based real-time pcr systems with an internal amplification control for the detection of these species. we applied these systems to a total of 167 fresh or frozen crustacean, f ... | 2014 | 25128747 |
| comparison of skin and soft tissue infections caused by vibrio and aeromonas species. | the aim of this study was to compare skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) caused by vibrio and aeromonas spp. | 2014 | 25126885 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pvv01, a p1-like plasmid prophage of vibrio vulnificus. | we report here the 79,263-bp plasmid pvv01 isolated from vibrio vulnificus. pvv01 is closely related to the vibrio plasmid p0908 and shows some similarities to phage p1. unlike p0908, pvv01 represents an intact prophage inducible by mitomycin c. pvv01 phage particles revealed a myoviridal morphology and lytic activity. | 2014 | 25125637 |
| crystal structure of the full-length atpase gspe from the vibrio vulnificus type ii secretion system in complex with the cytoplasmic domain of gspl. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) is present in many gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for secreting a large number of folded proteins, including major virulence factors, across the outer membrane. the t2ss consists of 11-15 different proteins most of which are present in multiple copies in the assembled secretion machinery. the atpase gspe, essential for the functioning of the t2ss, contains three domains (n1e, n2e and cte) of which the n1e domain is associated with the cytoplasmic do ... | 2014 | 25092625 |
| emerging causes of superficial and invasive infections following marine injuries and exposures. | soft tissue bacterial infections following aquatic animal bites, stings, and minor injuries occur commonly and usually on the extremities in fishermen and beachgoers worldwide after freshwater and saltwater exposures. louisiana has more tidal, saltwater, and brackish water shorelines (more than 7,000 miles) than any other state, including alaska and hawaii. as a result, louisiana residents are often exposed to marine pathogens when fishing or working offshore or when enjoying louisiana's miles o ... | 2017 | 25075726 |
| occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrio in oysters (crassostrea gigas) and waters from bivalve mollusk cultivations in the south bay of santa catarina. | this research aimed to identify and quantify potentially pathogenic vibrio from different cultivations of bivalve shellfish in the state of santa catarina, brazil, and water regions in the south bay, as well as correlate the incidence of these microorganisms with the physicochemical parameters of marine waters. | 2014 | 25075484 |
| prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus in blue crabs (callinectes sapidus), seawater and sediments of the maryland coastal bays. | to determine the prevalence of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) and v. vulnificus (vv) in blue crabs, water and sediment from the maryland coastal bays (mcbs), usa. | 2014 | 25066367 |
| distinct characteristics of oxyr2, a new oxyr-type regulator, ensuring expression of peroxiredoxin 2 detoxifying low levels of hydrogen peroxide in vibrio vulnificus. | two peroxiredoxins, prx1 and prx2, were previously identified in vibrio vulnificus. besides oxyr1, a homologue of escherichia coli oxyr (ecoxyr), oxyr2 that shares low homology with ecoxyr was first identified in v. vulnificus. oxyr2 activated prx2 during aerobic growth, while oxyr1 activated prx1 only when exposed to exogenous h2o2. oxyr2 was oxidized to form a reversible c206 to c215 disulphide bond by sensing low levels of h2o2, which were insufficient to oxidize oxyr1, and only the oxidized ... | 2014 | 25041181 |
| isolation of vibrio vulnificus from seawater and emerging vibrio vulnificus septicemia on jeju island. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen, transmitted from seawater, raw oyster, and shellfish and responsible for severe septicemia. we studied v. vulnificus from surface seawater around jeju island between 2010 and 2011. in 2010, v. vulnificus was isolated and v. vulnificus septicemia was reported. surface seawater temperature is an important factor for growth of v. vulnificus, and here we showed that high surface seawater temperature may influence growth of v. vulnificus and occur ... | 2014 | 25024873 |
| occurrence of virulence genes among vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from treated wastewaters. | pathogenic vibrio species are an important cause of foodborne illnesses. the aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrio species in the final effluents of a wastewater treatment plant and the risk that they may pose to public health. during the 1-year monitoring, a total of 43 vibrio strains were isolated: 23 vibrio alginolyticus, 1 vibrio cholerae, 4 vibrio vulnificus, and 15 vibrio parahaemolyticus. the pcr investigation of v. parahaemolyticus and v. chole ... | 2014 | 25023745 |
| species differences in alternative substrate utilization by the antibacterial target undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase. | undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (upps) is a critical enzyme required for the biosynthesis of polysaccharides essential for bacterial survival. in this report, we have tested the substrate selectivity of upps derived from the mammalian symbiont bacteroides fragilis, the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus, and the typically benign but opportunistic pathogen escherichia coli. an anthranilamide-containing substrate, 2-amideanilinogeranyl diphosphate (2aa-gpp), was an effective substrate for only t ... | 2014 | 25020247 |
| flagellin from marinobacter algicola and vibrio vulnificus activates the innate immune response of gilthead seabream. | adjuvants have emerged as the best tools to enhance the efficacy of vaccination. however, the traditional adjuvants used in aquaculture may cause adverse alterations in fish making necessary the development of new adjuvants able to stimulate the immune system and offer strong protection against infectious pathogens with minimal undesirable effects. in this respect, flagellin seems an attractive candidate due to its ability to strongly stimulate the immune response of fish. in the present study, ... | 2014 | 25020195 |
| genetic analysis and prevalence studies of the brp exopolysaccharide locus of vibrio vulnificus. | phase variation in the gram-negative human pathogen vibrio vulnificus involves three colonial morphotypes- smooth opaque colonies due to production of capsular polysaccharide (cps), smooth translucent colonies as the result of little or no cps expression, and rugose colonies due to production of a separate extracellular polysaccharide (eps), which greatly enhances biofilm formation. previously, it was shown that the brp locus, which consists of nine genes arranged as an operon, is up-regulated i ... | 2014 | 25013926 |
| the effect of storage time on vibrio spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in an isco autosampler. | monitoring concentrations of bacterial pathogens and indicators of fecal contamination in coastal and estuarine ecosystems is critical to reduce adverse effects to public health. during storm events, particularly hurricanes, floods, nor'easters, and tropical cyclones, sampling of coastal and estuarine waters is not generally possible due to safety concerns. it is particularly important to monitor waters during these periods as it is at precisely these times that pathogenic bacteria such as vibri ... | 2014 | 25008356 |
| pleiotropic effects of a vibrio extracellular protease on the activation of contact system. | many proteases secreted by pathogenic bacteria can affect seriously on hemostatic system. we have reported that an extracellular zinc metalloprotease (named vep-45) from vibrio vulnificus atcc29307 activates prothrombin to active thrombin, leading the formation of fibrin clot. in this study, the effects of vep-45 on the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the kallikrein/kinin system were examined. the protease could activate proteolytically clotting factor zymogens, including fxii, fxi, fx, and ... | 2014 | 24996182 |
| in vivo efficacy of the combination of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime against vibrio vulnificus sepsis. | the in vivo efficacy of a cefotaxime-ciprofloxacin combination against vibrio vulnificus and the effects on rtxa1 expression of commonly used antibiotics are unknown. | 2014 | 24978586 |
| occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in retail raw oysters from the eastern coast of thailand. | occurrence, population density and virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in 240 retail raw oysters collected monthly between march 2010 and february 2011 from ang sila coast, chon buri province, thailand were determined using most probable number (mpn) multiplex pcr. multiplex pcr detected v. parahaemolyticus in 219 raw oyster samples, of which 29 samples contained the virulence tdh. mpn values for v. parahaemolyticus and pathogenic strains in most samples ranged from 10 to 10(2 ... | 2014 | 24974651 |