Publications

shigella boydii as cause of malacoplakia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.		1999	10585840
global burden of shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies.	few studies provide data on the global morbidity and mortality caused by infection with shigella spp.; such estimates are needed, however, to plan strategies of prevention and treatment. here we report the results of a review of the literature published between 1966 and 1997 on shigella infection. the data obtained permit calculation of the number of cases of shigella infection and the associated mortality occurring worldwide each year, by age, and (as a proxy for disease severity) by clinical c ...	1999	10516787
severe shigellosis in childhood.	a prospective study was performed on 20 bacteriologically proven pediatric cases of severe shigellosis admitted to the department of pediatrics, chulalongkorn hospital during march 1989 to march 1990. fourteen patients were male and six were female. shigella b was found in 85% and shigella d in 15% of cases. the major indications for admission were convulsions and dehydration. fifteen per cent of cases had underlying malignancies and 42.1% had malnutrition. most patients had a peak of fever betw ...	1998	10437956
the aerobactin iron transport system genes in shigella flexneri are present within a pathogenicity island.	genes encoding the synthesis and transport of aerobactin, a hydroxamate siderophore associated with increased virulence of enteric bacteria, were mapped within a pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri. the island, designated shi-2 for shigella pathogenicity island 2, was located downstream of selc, the site of insertion of pathogenicity islands in several other enteric pathogens. dna sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple insertion sequences upstream and downstream of the aerobac ...	1999	10411724
a study on transferable r-plasmids among shigella species at lucknow.	a total of 500 shigella strains were included in the present study out of which 233 were isolated at national shigella centre of postgraduate department of microbiology, k.g. medical college, lucknow during last 5 years and 267 strains were received from different parts of the country. predominent serotypes were sheigella flexneri 292 (48.4%) followed by shigella dysenteriae 153 (30.6%), shigella boydii 32 (6.4%) and shigella sonnei 23 (4.6%). all the strains were sensitive to nalidix acid, gent ...	1997	10085641
identification of shigella boydii in colonic malacoplakia by universal bacterial 16s ribosomal dna-based amplification in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.		1999	10028087
shigella and the fluorinated quinolones.	between july 1996 to june 1997 a total of 531 stool samples from cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentry, colitis admitted to kasturba medical college hospital, manipal were investigated. shigella were isolated from 29 samples (5.46%). out of them, shigella flexneri were 16 (55.17%), shigella boydii 8 (27.58%), shigella dysentriae 3 (10.34%) and shigella sonnei 2 (6.89%). five strains of shigella flexneri and one strain of shigella dysentriae were found to show resistance to nalidixic acid and the ne ...	1998	9866907
inhibition of bacterial pathogens by lactobacilli.	lactobacilli produce many antimicrobial substances including organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. antagonistic activity of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women against infection by certain pathogens. in the present study, we investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, including 11 strains of vaginal origin. the aim was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible ...	1998	9861683
the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u is dispensable for colicin u activity but is important for interaction with the immunity protein.	the hydrophobic c terminus of pore-forming colicins associates with and inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane and is the target of the respective immunity protein. the hydrophobic region of colicin u of shigella boydii was mutated to identify determinants responsible for recognition of colicin u by the colicin u immunity protein. deletion of the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u resulted in a fully active colicin that was no longer inactivated by the colicin u immunity protein. replace ...	1998	9696757
[the adaptation of therapeutic standards as a function of antibiotic sensitivity of strains of shigella spp. isolated in rwanda in 1997].		1997	9612786
[antibacterial activity of lactobacilli].	the antagonistic action of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women from infection by other microorganisms. in the present study the authors investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, incl. 11 of vaginal origin. the objective was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible for inhibition. the investigated lactobacilli inhibited some strains of escherichia coli, serratia marcesce ...	1998	9611889
using epidemiologic tools to control an outbreak of diarrhoea in a textile factory, bulawayo, zimbabwe.	dysentery is endemic in zimbabwe. more than 260,000 cases and a case fatality of four per thousand were reported in 1993. in late july 1994, the health services department in bulawayo was informed of two cases of shigella dysenteriae type i at a textile factory that employs 138 workers. workers were interviewed at the factory regarding the date of the onset of illness, symptoms, food consumed, and treatment received. factory water supply, cooking, and sanitary facilities were inspected. stool an ...	1997	9557445
binding of shigella to rat and human intestinal mucin.	invasion of epithelial cells by shigella is an early step in their pathogenesis. adherence is generally presumed to be a prerequisite for invasion. this study examined the possibility of intestinal mucins serving as initial binding sites for clinical isolates of s. boydii and s. sonnei. the interactions of shigella with rat and human small intestinal and colonic mucin were investigated. in solid phase binding assays, [35s] labelled shigella did not show any preferential binding to rat/human smal ...	1998	9546608
increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in shigellas from humans in england and wales: recommendations for therapy.	since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, and sh. boydii infections in england and wales has increased from 42% to 65% and the incidence of resistance to trimethoprim, from 6% to 64%. furthermore, of 1524 strains received in 1995-1996, 46% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. for sh. sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. these results demonstra ...	1998	9533726
plasmid profiles of drug resistant shigella boydii types 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14 from ethiopia (1974-85).	plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was performed on 42 drug resistant strains of shigella boydii serotypes 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14, collected between 1974 and 1985 from endemic cases of shigellosis in ethiopia, and their escherichia coli k12 transconjugants. resistance factors (r factors) were further characterized by incompatibility testing. patterns of small plasmids, less than 15 kb, were similar within each of the individual s. boydii serotypes. plasmids of about 3.3-3.7 kb we ...	1997	9440431
a succinylanthranilic acid ester and other bioactive constituents of jolyna laminarioides.	methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl] benzoate, fucosterol, trans-phytol and p-formylphenol were isolated for the first time from a methanolic extract of jolyna laminarioides. methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl]-benzoate exhibited chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and also found to be active against escherichia coli and shigella boydii. fucosterol exhibited antifungal activity against curvularia lunata, stachybotrys atra and microsporum canis.	1997	9423291
microbiological screening of indian medicinal plants with special reference to enteropathogens.	the world health organisation (who) has recommended that all member states actively promote native medicines in their country. ten indian medicinal plants were screened for antibacterial activity specific to enteropathogens. diffusion and dilution methods were used to measure the antibacterial activity. allium sativum, camellia sinensis, and chamaesyce hirta showed higher activity when compared to the rest. they had a minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of < 100 micrograms/ml and gave inhib ...	1997	9395690
[studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995].	a total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at osaka and kansai airport quarantine station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. isolated species were as follows: plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic escherichia coli (1,621 ...	1997	9391324
antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of shigella isolates in kigali, rwanda (1983 to 1993): increasing frequency of multiple resistance.	the serotype distribution and susceptibility to nine antibiotics was determined for 2491 shigella isolates cultured in the medical laboratory of the centre hospitalier de kigali, rwanda, during 1983 to 1993. overall, shigella flexneri was the most frequent species, ranking before shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, and shigella dysenteriae. however, the relative frequency of the different shigella spp. showed an important variability over time. s flexneri increased from 40% in 1983 to 68% of the i ...	1997	9327243
the molecular epidemiology of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole- resistance of shigella flexneri in the trakya region of turkey.	trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (sxt) resistance increased among shigella flexneri isolates in 1995 relative to previous years, in the trakya region, the european part of turkey. since this region is the entrance to turkey from northern countries, a heavy traffic of travellers passing through should have been importing or exporting the resistant isolates. we studied the genetic basis and epidemiology of this resistance and monitored the clonal changes which have taken place in the meanwhile. duri ...	1997	9258942
colicin u, a novel colicin produced by shigella boydii.	a novel colicin, designated colicin u, was found in two shigella boydii strains of serovars 1 and 8. colicin u was active against bacterial strains of the genera escherichia and shigella. plasmid pcolu (7.3 kb) of the colicinogenic strain s. boydii m592 (serovar 8) was sequenced, and three colicin genes were identified. the colicin u activity gene, cua, encodes a protein of 619 amino acids (mr, 66,289); the immunity gene, cui, encodes a protein of 174 amino acids (mr, 20,688); and the lytic prot ...	1997	9244283
[water-borne disease outbreaks and investigation of epidemics].		1997	9235061
cloning and characterization of the region iii flagellar operons of the four shigella subgroups: genetic defects that cause loss of flagella of shigella boydii and shigella sonnei.	to detect genetic defects that might have caused loss of flagella in shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, the region iii flagellar (fli) operons were cloned from certain strains and analyzed with reference to the restriction maps and genetic maps of escherichia coli fli operons. s. boydii nctc9733 (strain c5 in this paper) had the 988-bp internal deletion in the flif gene that encodes a large substructural protein of the basal body. two strains (c1 and c8) had deletions of the entire flif operon ...	1997	9226258
characterization of shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, fima sequence, and phase variation.	this study documents the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella and confirms these mannose-sensitive adherence structures to be bona fide components of the shigella surface. while laboratory-passaged shigella strains and lyophilized clinical isolates failed to express type 1 fimbriae, 6 of 20 recent clinical isolates, including 4 shigella flexneri strains, 1 shigella boydii strain, and 1 shigella dysenteriae strain, produced type 1 fimbriae as detected by mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (msh ...	1997	9169792
epidemiology of shigellosis among children exposed to cases of shigella dysentery: a multivariate assessment.	we followed 1,756 young, rural bangladeshi children less than five years of age for one month after identification of sentinel shigella patients in their neighborhoods. two hundred nineteen (12%) children developed shigella diarrhea (shigellosis) and 227 (13%) developed culture-negative dysentery. shigella flexneri (60%) and s. dysenteriae, type 1 (15%) were the most common isolates among shigellosis cases. within individual neighborhoods, there was poor agreement (kappa = 0.21) between shigella ...	1997	9129527
cloning, purification, and characterization of the shigella boydii dgtp triphosphohydrolase.	the nucleotide sequence of the shigella boydii dgt gene, which encodes the enzyme deoxyguanosine triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dgtpase, ec 3.1.5.1), has been determined. the 1515-nucleotide shigella dgt open reading frame has been subcloned into a t7 rna polymerase-based expression vector. the resulting expressed protein has been purified to homogeneity using a novel single-day chromatographic regime. the protocol includes ion exchange, affinity, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. t ...	1997	8995266
vertebral osteomyelitis due to shigella boydii.		1996	8722953
[outbreak of shigella boydii dysentery in the county of el bierzo].	investigation of an outbreak of bacillar dysentery of possible transmission by water produced by shigella boydii.	1996	8695684
detection and characterization of the flagellar master operon in the four shigella subgroups.	strains in the genus shigella are nonmotile, but they retain some cryptic flagellar operons whether functional or defective (a.tominaga, m. a.-h. mahmoud, t. mukaihara, and m. enomoto, mol. microbiol. 12:277-285, 1994). to disclose the cause of motility loss in shigellae, the presence or defectiveness of the flhd and flhc genes, composing the master operon whose mutation causes inactivation of the entire flagellar regulon, was examined in the four shigella subgroups. the flhd operon cloned from ...	1996	8682772
expression of flagella and motility by shigella.	since the discovery of shigella as the aetiologic agent of acute dysentery almost 100 years ago, this organism has been described as a non-motile and nonflagellated organism that invades the human colonic mucosa. in this study, the production of flagella by prototypic strains of all four shigella species and, moreover, by fresh clinical isolates was demonstrated by electron microscopy. the flagellum of shigella (flash) is approximately 10 microns long and 12-14 nm in diameter and is typically se ...	1995	8596461
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 5 lipopolysaccharide: a repeated study.	an acidic, partially o-acetylated o-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of shigella boydii type 5 lipopolysaccharide and studied by 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, 13c-1h heteronuclear cosy, 1d noe, and 2d roesy experiments, and chemical methods (sugar and methylation analysis, o-deacetylation, carboxyl reduction, solvolysis with anhydrous hf, partial acid hydrolysis. smith degradation). it was concluded that the polysaccharide has a hexasaccharide repea ...	1995	8593622
[species and serovar-distribution, and drug-resistance of shigella strains isolated from imported and domestic cases from 1990 through 1994 in tokyo].	a total of 446 shigella strains consisting of 336 imported and 110 domestic strains isolated in tokyo from 1990 to 1994 were examined for their species and serovar-distribution, and their drug-resistance. in both imported and domestic strains, s. sonnei was found to be the most prevalent species, followed by s. flexneri. in imported strains, however, the isolation frequency of s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were higher than that of domestic strains, and the serovar of each species was ...	1995	8586884
septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal.	we describe septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal, the newly described causative agent of cholera, in a child who also had simultaneous intestinal infection with shigella boydii. because v. cholerae 0139 is capsulated, its propensity to cause extraintestinal infection is stressed.	1995	8582139
development of a flow injection analysis (fia) immunosensor for the detection of escherichia coli.	a flow injection immunoanalysis (fia) system has been developed for the detection of escherichia coli in artificially contaminated food samples. anti-e. coli antibodies were covalently immobilized onto porous aminopropyl glass beads via glutaraldehyde activation to form an immunoreactor. after adsorption of the cells onto anti-e. coli antibody bound glass beads, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide was injected into the system which was then hydrolyzed by the adsorbed e. coli cells containing ...	1995	8579984
shigellosis in children from north india: a clinicopathological study.	stool samples of 1488 children suffering from acute diarrhoea were studied for bacterial culture and sensitivity. shigella culture was positive in 143 (10 per cent) children and 53 hospitalized children could be studied in detail. thirty-six (68 per cent) children were under 2 years of age and peak prevalence was observed in summer months. fever and diarrhoea were universal features; 96 per cent had blood and mucus in the stools, but 32 per cent started with watery diarrhoea lasting 1-3 days fol ...	1995	8531265
enteric protein loss during shigellosis.	to determine whether protein-losing enteropathy occurs during shigellosis, we measured concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin in sequential stool samples from 110 adults hospitalized with acute dysentery due to shigella infection. mean stool concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin on admission were 10.9 micrograms/mg dry weight of stool. stool alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower on the 3rd and 5th study days (4.1 and 2.2 micrograms/mg, respectively) than on admis ...	1993	8420274
recent trends in the epidemiology of shigella species in israel.	trends in the epidemiology of infections due to shigella species over a period of 6 years (1986-1991) in israel were studied by analysis of the results of 51,300 stool cultures, of which 2,987 yielded shigella species. in a university hospital, the relative prevalence of shigella sonnei in patients with shigellosis increased over the years from 60% in 1986 to 91% in 1991 (r = 0.93; p = .007); concomitantly, the prevalence of shigella flexneri decreased from 29% to only 8% (r = -0.80; p < .05). i ...	1993	8286636
[immunochemical studies of o-specific polysaccharide from proteus penneri 14 lipopolysaccharide].	o-specific polysaccharide was obtained on mild acid degradation of proteus penneri strain 14 lipopolysaccharide and found to contain equimolar of d-galactose, d-ribose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, n-(d-galacturonoyl)-l-alanine and 3-(nacety-l-alanyl)-amido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. on the basis of non-destructive nmr analysis it was concluded that repeat unit of the 0-specific polysaccharide of p. penneri 14 has the following structure: -2-beta-d- quip3nalaac-(1-->4)-alfa-d-galpaala-(1-->2)-beta ...	1993	8231451
a randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis.	we compared the clinical and bacteriologic response of 5-day treatment with cefixime, 8 mg/kg per day, with the response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), 10-50 mg/kg per day, the currently recommended therapy. of the assessable children with acute, culture-proven shigellosis, 38 received cefixime and 39 received tmp-smx. pretreatment data on the two study groups were similar. in the first group, all isolates were susceptible to cefixime; in the tmp-smx group, 32 isolates were resistan ...	1993	8229498
salmonella typhimurium loci involved in survival within macrophages.	a set of tn10 mutants of salmonella typhimurium which have a diminished capacity to survive in murine macrophages and decreased virulence in mice has been described previously. in this study, we characterized 30 of these mutants and determined map locations of tn10 insertions for 23 of these strains. in addition, short fragments of transposon-flanking dna were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined for 23 mutants. seven mutants carried transposon insertions in known genes, representi ...	1994	8168923
[l-forms of the dysentery bacteria in models of shigella and non-shigella infections].		1993	8079561
epidemiology of shigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in southern israel.	the epidemiology of shigellosis in the jewish and bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. the average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989-1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. the average annual attack rate among the jews, who enjoy western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disea ...	1994	8070448
shigellosis in neonates and young infants.	to determine the clinical features and outcome of shigellosis in young infants, we reviewed the hospital records of 159 infants < or = 3 months of age (including 30 neonates) and 159 children 1 to 10 years of age with shigellosis who were admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre in dacca, bangladesh. infants more commonly had a history of nonbloody diarrhea (82.8% vs 42.7%; p < 0.001), moderate or severe dehydration (59.9% vs 32.1%; p < 0.001), or bacteremia (12.0% vs 5.0%; p = 0.027) and less ...	1994	8021764
an outbreak of shigellosis in a slum colony of delhi-1990.		1993	8014439
polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia with shigella in a patient with aids.	shigella gastroenteritis is uncommon among hiv seropositive patients and may be complicated in some patients by bacteremia; s. flexneri being the most frequently detected serogroup. while recurrent salmonella bacteremia is common among hiv-seropositive patients, recurrent shigella bacteremia is not. we report here an hiv-seropositive patient with shigella gastroenteritis, polymicrobial bacteremia due to s. flexneri and s. boydii, and recurrent gastroenteritis and bacteremia with s. boydii. relap ...	1994	7984973
asymptomatic shigella infections in a cohort of mexican children younger than two years of age.	the proportion of shigella infections that occur asymptomatically in young children has not been established. a community-based cohort study of 367 infants was followed prospectively by weekly home visits from january, 1990, through december, 1991. stool samples were collected weekly and when diarrhea occurred and were tested for shigella and other enteropathogens. there were 2925 child months of observation and 65 episodes of shigella infection. there were 3.1 episodes/100 child months during t ...	1994	7970946
[shigella boydii strains having a provisional serovar isolated from travellers' diarrhea in tokyo].	two shigella strains (85-634 and 94-30) isolated from two sporadic travellers with diarrhea who returning to tokyo from abroad, did not react to any antisera to shigella prepared commercially. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of s. boydii and were biochemically identical, and were positive in the serény test and other tests for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of serological analyses using the antisera to 6 kinds of prov ...	1994	7930789
[triple shigellosis in the same patient contracted during operation "turquoise" in rwanda].	we report a case of shigellosis observed in a young french sanitary assistant, returning from a refugees camp in goma after a 5-week stay. three different species were isolated from stool samples: shigella flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei. this observation raises the matter of a chemical prophylaxis during a short stay in developing countries where sanitary conditions are poor.	1994	7866040
plasmid profiles of shigella and salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhoeic humans in ibadan, nigeria.	clinical isolates of shigella flexneri, s. dysentariae, s. boydii and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. most of the isolates harboured more than one plasmid ranging in molecular size from 1.3 to 36.1 x 10(6) daltons. very large plasmids were not encountered.	1993	7839920
structural studies of the shigella boydii type 5 o-antigen polysaccharide.	the structure of the shigella boydii type 5 o-antigen polysaccharide has been investigated by sugar and methylation analyses, and specific degradations. it is proposed that it is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units with the following structure. the repeating unit also contains an o-acetyl group, linked to one of the primary positions. [formula: see text]	1994	7834648
fecal excretion of leukotriene c4 during human disease due to shigella dysenteriae.	fecal excretion of leukotriene c4 was determined in 26 individuals with dysentery and in 19 healthy controls. of the patients, five were infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1, 15 were infected with shigella flexneri, two were infected with shigella boydii, and four were infected with shigella sonnei. three of the healthy controls were infected with non-dysenteriae shigellae. all isolates of shigella dysenteriae type 1 produced shiga toxin; the other strains were not toxigenic. patients with ...	1995	7714683
evaluation of commercial antisera for shigella serogrouping.	shigella serogrouping antisera from six companies (becton dickinson, denka, difco, murex, roach, and sanofi-pasteur) intended for the slide agglutination test and those of the wellcolex colour shigella latex agglutination test were evaluated to identify quality products for shigella identification. forty-six reference shigella strains (one for each serotype and species), 50 clinical strains (21 s. flexneri, 21 s. sonnei, 4 s. dysenteriae, 4 s. boydii) representing the most prevalent species and ...	1995	7559936
mucosal immune response in patients with dysentery.		1995	7502926
[epidemiology and prevention of dysentery].		1982	7047217
[etiological factors in bacillary dysentery in poland 1965-1979].		1981	7041196
imported shigellosis: aerogenic shigella boydii 74 (sachs a 12) in a traveller followed by two cases of laboratory-associated infections.	during their holiday in tunesia two members of a family developed severe dysentery which prompted hospitalization of one of them after their return to germany. shigella boydii 4 was isolated from a stool culture. from another, healthy family member an aerogenic, mannitol negative strain of s. boydii 14 (formerly sachs a 12) was isolated which subsequently infected a laboratory technician when she was handling the fecal specimen. a second laboratory infection due to this organism occurred while p ...	1981	7015640
resistance to trimethoprim and other antibiotics in shigellae isolated in the province of ontario.	antimicrobial susceptibility determinations for three commonly used and seven seldom used antibacterial drugs against 482 strains of shigellae isolated in ontario during 1977 and 1978 were carried out. resistance to the first-line treatment drugs, ampicillin and tetracycline, occurred in 20.5 and 39.2% of strains, respectively. the emergence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was noted for the first time in 3.2% of the strains in 1978. all strains retained their susceptibility to gentam ...	1980	7006767
survival of shigellae in soil.	the survival of four shigella strains in soil (sh. sonnei, sh. boydii, sh. flexneri and sh. dysenteriae) was studied under various conditions. their survival period was tested in two different types of sterile soil at 18-20 degrees c and in one type of soil at 4 and 37 degrees c. this latter type of soil, after enrichment with casaminoacids or (nh4)2hpo4 was also used for testing again the survival of the strains at 18-20 degrees c. though the initial number of the inoculated microorganisms was ...	1980	7006270
faecal excretion of entero-pathogens in a pakistani family returning to the u.k. after a visit to rawalpindi.	the family consisted of two parents and five children. while the father remained in cardiff, the mother and all the children visited rawalpindi, pakistan, for 6 weeks to stay with relatives. travel was by flight from heathrow airport to pakistan and by a short road journey to rawalpindi. mrs m. - the mother - as a guest, did no cooking on the holiday. the house which they were living in had a piped water supply, thought to be treated. there was no flush toilet but a commode was available and was ...	1980	7005329
[formation of iron-binding metabolites by bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family].	the capacity of enterobacteriaceae strains cultivated in a synthetic medium for the biosynthesis of catechols and hydroxamates has been studied. among the strains under study all strains of the genera salmonella (8 strains), escherichia (102 strains), citrobacter (5 strains), enterobacter (2 strains), serratia (1 strain) synthesize catechols. in the genus shigella (128 strains) all sh. flexneri serovars (79 strains) do not synthesize catechols, other representatives of this genus synthesize iron ...	1980	6998212
new invasive escherichia coli strain.	a new invasive escherichia coli serogroup is described. its o antigen is identical to the o antigen of shigella boydii 3. we propose the designation of e. coli são paulo for this serogroup until the situation of its o antigen is settled.	1980	6989859
[a familial case of bacillary dysentery caused by gas producing shigella boydii 14].		1982	6818307
structural studies on a carbohydrate chain isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of shigella boydii type 8.	the lipopolysaccharide isolated from the cells of shigella boydii type 8 bacteria gave precipitin bands against homologous antisera on ouchterlony plates, whereas the carbohydrate-containing fractions obtained from it did not. one of the fractions was obtained in major proportion and contained 23.5% of sugars. a structure was assigned to the carbohydrate chain in this material by using the results of methylation, periodate oxidation, and deamination studies.	1982	6816467
increase in drug resistance among shigella dysenteriae, sh flexneri, and sh boydii.	two thousand three hundred and seventy strains of shigella dysenteriae, sh flexneri, and sh boydii isolated in england and wales from 1974 to 1978 were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. eighty per cent of strains were resistant to one or more drugs, with sulphonamide resistance occurring most frequently. resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol increased during the period, as did the incidence of multiple resistance. most infections due to sh dysen ...	1981	6790085
[formation of donor strains of enteropathogenic escherichia, serogroups o112ac, o129, o143, and sh. boydii 8 using r-plasmids].	the possibility of the formation of enteropathogenic escherichia and shigella donor strains by means of r-plasmids rp4 and rpi-2 with thermosensitive replication was studied. the donor strains of e. coli, serogroups o112ac, o129, o143, and sh. boydii 8 were thus obtained; these strains had the above-mentioned plasmids integrated into their chromosome, and in the process of conjugation they transferred plasmid and chromosomal genes to e. coli, k12 and o129, with the effectiveness 10(5)--10(8). su ...	1980	6778027
new provisional serovar of shigella boydii.	ten bacterial strains are described that give biochemical reactions characteristic of the genus shigella but do not belong to any of the established or provisional serovars. the strains ferment mannitol and are antigenically indistinguishable. they do not possess any of the group antigens of shigella flexneri, and it is therefore proposed that they be regarded as members of a new provisional serovar of shigella boydii. strain e16553 is designated as the test strain for the new serovar.	1982	6761353
[use of coagglutination for serotyping shigella dysenteriae and shigella boydii].	the coagglutination test was used to identify shigella boydii and shigella dysenteriae. a trial was carried out with 13 native rabbit antisera to s. boydii and 10 antisera to s. dysenteriae, as well as with coagglutinating reagents prepared from these antisera. the use of coagglutinating reagents was shown to ensure the complete specificity of the results, to prevent the adsorption of diagnostic antisera and to decrease their consumption 50 times. the importance of the coagglutination test for t ...	1982	6760638
[shigella: microbiological aspects and incidence in our environment].		1980	6755638
[bacillary dysentery - 1980].		1982	6755564
confirmation of aerogenic strains of shigella boydii 13 and further study of shigella serotypes by dna relatedness.	shigella boydii 13 strains are separable from other shigella and escherichia coli strains on the basis of dna relatedness. from this observation, it was possible to confirm the existence of aerogenic s. boydii 13 strains. dna relatedness studies also showed that strains of e. coli and strains representing all other serotypes of shigella, including provisional strains, belong to the same genetic species.	1982	6752183
[a strain of shigella boydii serovar 18 isolated in japan from a diarrhea patient after a trip to southeast asia].		1984	6442723
sialic acids of a new type from the lipopolysaccharides of pseudomonas aeruginosa and shigella boydii.		1984	6437679
drug resistance in shigella dysenteriae, s flexneri and s boydii in england and wales: increasing incidence of resistance to trimethoprim.	a total of 2753 strains of shigella belonging to subgroups a, b, and c that were isolated from patients in england and wales during the period from 1979 to mid-1983 were studied. of these, 1690 (61%) were from patients recently returned from abroad or in contact with recent travellers, and 760 (45%) of these affected travellers from the indian subcontinent. the number of strains resistant to sulphonamides and streptomycin remained at a high level throughout (average 76% and 72% respectively). re ...	1984	6423079
[structure of the causative agents of shigellosis in areas of the ussr 1979-1981].	summarized data on the specific structure of shigella strains isolated in different territories of the ussr in 1979-1981 are presented. these data indicate that in the intra-specific structure of s. flexneri strains the proportion of serological subvariant 2a increased and that of serological variant 6 and subvariants 16 and 4a decreased during this period. using one of the base territories of the all-union shigellosis center as an example, the spread of an unusual serological variant of s. flex ...	1984	6395590
[species of shigella isolated in a 4-year period and antimicrobial sensitivity].		1984	6395307
[conditions and factors determining the etiological structure of dysentery and its alterations. ii. concepts, hypotheses and points of view yesterday and today].		1984	6391040
[clinical and treatment characteristics of acute dysentery caused by shigella boydii and newcastle].		1984	6390958
[bacillary dysentery 1982].		1984	6390523
[shigellosis abroad].		1983	6379992
[clinical characteristics of dysentery in relation to the oxidation-reduction features of isolated shigella].		1984	6379895
an outbreak of shigellosis in an ultra-orthodox jewish community.	an outbreak of shigellosis due to shigella sonnei, s. flexnerii and s. boydii in an ultra-religious jewish community in southern israel is described. the source of epidemic was traced to vegetables bought from a single source. the importance of epidemic and endemic modes of spread of shigella is discussed.	1984	6379888
shigella dysentery in tripoli, libya.		1984	6371260
somatic antigens of shigella: the structure of the polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 2 lipopolysaccharide.	the structure of the polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 2 lipopolysaccharide was established using mainly 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy, partial hydrolysis, smith degradation, and methylation analysis. the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was concluded to be a branched hexasaccharide, as follows: (formula in text). acetaldehyde was detected in the hyrolysate of the lipopolysaccharide, but no evidence was obtained to indicate that acetaldehyde is located in the polysaccharide moiety.	1983	6362879
molecular comparison of virulence plasmids in shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli.	virulent isolates of shigella dysenteriae and shigella boydii harboured a 140 mdal plasmid which was either absent or deleted in spontaneously avirulent strains. together with previous data concerning s. sonnei, s. flexneri and enteroinvasive escherichia coli, the present results established the general role of extrachromosomal elements in the virulence of such enteroinvasive species. among different species, these virulence plasmids showed unrelated endonuclease cleavage patterns, whereas hybri ...	1983	6357023
[trends in the spread of boyd 4 dysentery and the characteristics of its clinical picture and of the biology of its causative agent].	the data on the proportion of s. boydii 4 in the general structure of the causative agents of dysentery, as well as in the intraspecific structure of s. boydii, in some areas of the ussr in 1977-1981 are presented. s. boydii strains 4, circulating in one of the areas where their proportion considerably increased in 1980-1981, corresponded to their taxonomic position in their biological properties, while forming a single biochemical variant according to the character of the fermentation of sorbit ...	1983	6356722
[epidemiology of bacillary dysentery in algeria. i. the epidemiological aspects of dysentery in algeria].	bacterial dysentery plays an important role among infectious diseases in algeria. a tendency to the growth of the morbidity rate has been observed. dysentery is irregularly spread in different zones of the country. the highest morbidity rate is registered in the sahara zone and in the eastern part of the country. the morbidity rate among the urban population is higher than among the rural population. s. flexneri prevail in the etiological structure of dysentery infection. of all age groups, the ...	1983	6342313
enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains belonging to a new o group, o167.	a new escherichia coli o group, o167, is described. its o antigen is related to that of shigella boydii 3. a total of 29 strains belonging to the new o group were examined. three strains were determined to be invasive by the sereny test and by tissue culture tests and were non-enterotoxigenic. all three were nonmotile and failed to decarboxylate lysine. a total of 26 strains were noninvasive. of these, 25 were motile, 24 decarboxylated lysine, and 19 were enterotoxigenic, 17 producing heat-stabl ...	1983	6341404
cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli 0114:h2. structure of the polysaccharide chain.	the o-specific polysaccharide of the 0114 antigen (lipopolysaccharide) of escherichia coli 0114 and oligosaccharides obtained from it by smith degradation and hydrogen fluoride solvolysis were analyzed, using proton and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and methylation. the results indicated that the 0114 polysaccharide has the tetrasaccharide repeating unit alpha-n-acetylglucosamine(1 leads to 4) beta-3,6-dideoxy-3-(n-acetyl-l-seryl)aminoglucose(1 leads to 3) beta-ribofuranose(1 leads ...	1983	6309515
[bacterial antigenic polysaccharides. 12. structure and 13c nmr spectrum of the polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 8 lipopolysaccharide].	a specific acidic polysaccharide was isolated from sh. boydii type 8 antigenic lipopolysaccharide after mild hydrolysis followed by chromatography on sephadex g-50. the polysaccharide consists of d-glucuronic acid, d-galacturonic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol residues in 1:1:1:1:1 ratio. from the results of methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and smith degradation, the structure of the repeating unit of the specific pol ...	1983	6207837
new provisional serovar (e10163) of shigella boydii.	eleven bacterial strains are described which give the biochemical reactions characteristic of the genus shigella but do not belong to any of the established or provisional serovars. the strains are biochemically and serologically indistinguishable, and it is proposed that they be regarded as members of a new provisional serovar of shigella boydii. strain e10163 is designated as the test strain for this new serovar.	1980	6164688
effects of saliva and alpha-amylase on antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria.	two hundred and ninety-six bacterial isolates were investigated for the effects of saliva and alpha-amylase on their susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. when the test organisms were primed with normal and 'diseased' saliva there were no observable differences in the mics of ampicillin and chloramphenicol for group-a streptococci, but alpha-amylase significantly reduced the mic of tetracycline from 2 to 0.25 mg/1. with staphyloccus aureus, priming with sali ...	1984	6087634
[two atypical groups shigella boydii 6].		1967	6057340
[antidysenteric vaccination. xv. immunogenicity of various strains of shigella schmitzi shigella flexneri 1b, 2b, 3a, 4, 6, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei "s" in relation to the immunogenicity of a keratoconjunctivitis positive enterobacterium lacking shigella antigens (agglutinogens) (strain "well 3")].		1966	5985458
[studies on the distribution of serotypes and lysotypes of shigella boydii in moldavia. considerations on the epidemiologic meaning of the type determination].		1966	5985361
[a new serotype of shigella boydii].		1966	5976374
[outbreak of bacterial dysentery caused by shigella boydii 4 on a ship].		1966	5925367
shigella boydii bacteremia.		1969	5795349
studies on the antigenic structure of shigellae. ii. studies on immunochemistry of shigella boydii.		1968	5666681
[the colicin factor and the antibiotic resistance in shigella boydii and shigella sonnei. preliminary note].		1970	5416565
[demonstration of a colicin common to 3 serotypes of shigella boydii (1,3 and 8)].		1969	5367498