Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| comparison of a dot immunobinding assay and the serum agglutination test for detecting serological responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens following challenge with salmonella gallinarum. | a dot immunobinding assay (dia) was compared with the standard tube agglutination test (sat) for detecting antibodies in sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens challenged with salmonella gallinarum var duisburg . the virulence plasmid-cured s. gallinarum vaccine was given at 7 and 21 days, and the challenge at 35 days. the dia was very sensitive and detected antibodies to high titres in challenged birds. it also detected high titres in vaccinated, unchallenged birds which failed to react ... | 1999 | 16147555 |
| fowl typhoid in caged layer birds. | 2005 | 16127143 | |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum from salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum by pcr-rflp of the fimh gene. | in our studies on fimh adhesins expressed by different salmonella serovars, we cloned and sequenced the fimh genes from salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar gallinarum and s. enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar pullorum. comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position 544 bp from the a of the start codon of the fimh open reading frame (orf). further analysis of the restriction enzyme sites in fimh ge ... | 2005 | 16115094 |
| characterization of fimh adhesins expressed by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum: reconstitution of mannose-binding properties by single amino acid substitution. | recombinant fimh adhesins of type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum, in contrast to those of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, did not bind to high-mannose oligosaccharides or to human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. however, mutated fimh proteins from biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum, in which the isoleucine at position 78 was replaced by the threonine found in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, bound well to glycoproteins carrying hig ... | 2005 | 16113346 |
| effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 on progress of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail: clinical signs and hematologic studies. | to study the individual and combined effects of fumonisin b1 (fb1) toxicity and salmonella serotype gallinarum infection, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed fusarium moniliforme culture material (2.5%), 150 mg fb1/kg ration, and were subsequently challenged orally with salmonella gallinarum organisms (2 x 10(4) colony-forming units) at 21 days of age. the chicks were fed culture material containing fb1 from day 5 till the end of the experiment. after being infected with salmone ... | 2005 | 16094834 |
| novel haemolysins of salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar gallinarum. | haemolysins of salmonella are important due to their probable role in pathogenesis of systemic salmonellosis and use in sub-serovar level typing. the present study was undertaken to determine haemolytic potential of salmonella gallinarum strains through phenotypic and genotypic methods. amplification of haemolysin gene (clya) and cytolysin gene (slya) was attempted in order to determine their role in haemolysin production. study on 94 strains of s. gallinarum revealed the production of two types ... | 2005 | 16053269 |
| the genome of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: distinct insertions/deletions and rare rearrangements. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a fowl-adapted pathogen, causing typhoid fever in chickens. it has the same antigenic formula (1,9,12:--:--) as s. enterica serovar pullorum, which is also adapted to fowl but causes pullorum disease (diarrhea). the close relatedness but distinct pathogeneses make this pair of fowl pathogens good models for studies of bacterial genomic evolution and the way these organisms acquired pathogenicity. to locate and characterize the genomic differences between ... | 2005 | 15995186 |
| development of a pcr system for the characterisation of salmonella flagellin genes. | analysis of flagellin genes was carried out on strains of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella hadar, salmonella abortusequi, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum serovars, using a pcr system designed in this study. the purpose of these studies was to explore the flagellin genes of biphasic and monophasic salmonellae for future targeted genetic interventions. the pcr primers were designed for two different structural genes of flagellin (flic, fljb), for the repressor of flic (flja), fo ... | 2005 | 15959975 |
| influence of antibiotics on growth dynamics and movement ability of salmonella rods. | variety of traits important in diagnostics and epidemiology of pathogenic microorganisms may change due to antibiotics. movement ability, that is characteristic for every serovar except from salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, is important to salmonellas. in own experiments using semi-fluid msrv medium, it was found that a decrease in salmonella sensibility to selected antibiotics and chemiotherapeutics due to passage might lead to weakening of its movement ability. movement ability of all strains ( ... | 2004 | 15633786 |
| allele-specific pcr method based on rfbs sequence for distinguishing salmonella gallinarum from salmonella pullorum: serotype-specific rfbs sequence polymorphism. | cloning and sequence analysis of rfbs gene identified two polymorphic nucleotides, one at position 598 (salmonella gallinarum-specific) and other at position 237 (salmonella pullorum-specific). based on s. gallinarum-specific nucleotide found at position 598, an allele-specific pcr method was developed for serotype-specific detection of s. gallinarum. this pcr method was able to discriminate pure cultures of s. gallinarum from s. pullorum and other salmonella serotypes from serogroup d in less t ... | 2005 | 15590091 |
| salmonella gallinarum gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative organism of fowl typhoid, and an outbreak of fowl typhoid in korea was confirmed in 1992. the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in fluoroquinolone susceptibility among s. gallinarum isolates from 1995 to 2001, and to analyse mutations of the gyra gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. among 258 s. gallinarum isolates tested by the disk diffusion method, isolates from 1995 (n=18) were ... | 2004 | 15276996 |
| typing of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by means of bacteriophage. | 1952 | 14933053 | |
| the effect of sulfonamides on the control of fowl typhoid in chickens. | 1952 | 14927495 | |
| the effect of aureomycin against salmonella gallinarum in vivo and in vitro. | 1951 | 14829770 | |
| a study of sulfaquinoxaline and sulfamethazine in fowl typhoid among breeder turkeys. | 1951 | 14829766 | |
| fowl typhoid. i. comparison of antigenicity of sixteen gallinarum antigens. | 1951 | 14801734 | |
| the prophylactic and therapeutic properties of sulfamerazine in fowl typhoid. | 1950 | 14783269 | |
| competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum of salmonella enteritidis infected chickens. | to evaluate the degree of competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum(s. gallinarum) of salmonella enteritidis(s. enteritidis) infected chickens, fifty-six, 4-week old hyline layer suspected of s. enteritidis infection were challenged with s. gallinarum. all chickens were tested for s. enteritidis isolation using cloacal swabs and serum plate agglutination test using s. enteritidis ag. before challenge and classified into four groups(se isolated, se nonisolated, se seropositive and se se ... | 2001 | 14614291 |
| biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of salmonella gallinarum isolated in korea. | fowl typhoid (ft) reported since 1992 in korea is a septicemic disease of domestic birds caused by salmonella gallinarum (s. gallinarum). the purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of field isolates of s. gallinarum isolated by year in korea. a total of 258 isolates of s. gallinarum from 1995 to 2001 showed the same pattern in the majority of biochemical test such as imvic (indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer and citrate utiliza ... | 2003 | 14610370 |
| adhesion of probiotic lactobacilli to chick intestinal mucus. | in the present work, interactions between three lactobacillus strains (lactobacillus fermentum crl1015, lactobacillus animalis crl1014, and lactobacillus fermentum crl1016) and chicken small intestinal mucus were determined. three lactobacilli isolated from chicken and selected by their potentially probiotic properties were able to grow in mucus preparations. three peaks from gel filtration chromatography of intestinal mucus were obtained. the adhesion to three mucus fractions (i, ii, and iii), ... | 2003 | 14569288 |
| occurrence and regulation of the multicellular morphotype in salmonella serovars important in human disease. | multicellular behavior in salmonella typhimurium atcc14028 called the rdar morphotype is characterized by the expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. over 90% of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis strains from human disease, food and animals expressed the rdar morphotype at 28 degrees c. regulation of the rdar morphotype occurred via the response regulator ompr, which activated transcription of csgd required for production of cellulose and curli fimbriae. s ... | 2003 | 14503792 |
| water-soluble nitrofuran therapy in pullorum and fowl typhoid in chicks. | 1962 | 14491993 | |
| [transduction of a somatic antigen during infection of salmonella gallinarum with a temperate phage of salmonella typhimurium]. | 1959 | 14412466 | |
| influence of high levels of vitamins on resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. | 1955 | 14371690 | |
| [variations in carbohydrate metabolism by salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum; their diagnostic value]. | 1954 | 14350347 | |
| comparative activity of nihydrazone and furazolidone against salmonella gallinarum and escherichia coli in chickens. | 1965 | 14340751 | |
| biochemical differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum cultures. | 1965 | 14334406 | |
| [studies on the antigenic structure and serologic behavior of salmonella gallinarum. 1. studies on the distribution of individual antigens in various salmonella gallinarum strains]. | 1965 | 14314882 | |
| [lysogenic conversion of the 01 antigen of the salmonella gallinarum-pullorum serotype]. | 1964 | 14305626 | |
| [comparative study of water-soluble proteins of initial and phageresistant variants of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum by paper electrophoresis]. | 1964 | 14301106 | |
| [studies on toxic properties and composition of complex salmonella gallinarum antigens obtained from bacterial suspension treated and untreated with ultrasonics]. | 1964 | 14266482 | |
| [purification of complex salmonella gallinarum o-antigen by the fractionation on ion-exchange deae-cellulose and gel filtration]. | 1964 | 14266475 | |
| effect of salmonella gallinarum on certain krebs cycle intermediates of domestic fowl. | freeman, b. m. (houghton poultry research station, huntingdon, england), and l. g. chubb. effect of salmonella gallinarum on certain krebs cycle intermediates of domestic fowl. j. bacteriol. 88:93-95. 1964.-in chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum, the citric acid content of the blood rose but that of the liver fell significantly. the former may be due solely to anorexia; the latter is suggested to be a result of the inhibition of the reaction between pyruvic and oxaloacetic acids. pyruvi ... | 1964 | 14197910 |
| attempts to purify the salmonella gallinarum complex o-antigen by fractionation over ion-exchange deae-cellulose and gel-filtration. | 1964 | 14182620 | |
| [a case of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infection]. | 1964 | 14138791 | |
| fructose-6-phosphate reductase from salmonella gallinarum. | zancan, glaci t. (universidade do paraná, curitiba, paraná, brazil), and metry bacila. fructose-6-phosphate reductase from salmonella gallinarum. j. bacteriol. 87:614-618. 1964.-a fructose-6-phosphate reductase present in cell-free extracts of salmonella gallinarum was purified approximately 42 times. the optimal ph for this enzyme is 8.0. the enzyme is specific for fructose-6-phosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh). the dissociation constants are 1.78 x 10(-4)m for fructo ... | 1964 | 14127579 |
| studies on immunity and pathogenesis of salmonellosis. ii. antibody production and accumulation of bacterial polysaccharide in the tissues of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | 1963 | 14088891 | |
| studies on immunity and pathogenesis of salmonellosis. i. antigen-antibody reactions on circulating leucocytes of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | 1963 | 14088890 | |
| the differentiation of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by biochemical methods. | 1962 | 13993927 | |
| [on the nutrition of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. 3. on the purine requirement of salmonella pullorum strain no. 21]. | 1962 | 13938795 | |
| the in vivo sensitization of avian erythrocytes with salmonella gallinarum polysaccharide. | 1959 | 13806563 | |
| pathological changes in the blood of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | 1960 | 13806562 | |
| [investigation on antigenic value of isolated in bulgaria strains of salmonella gallinarum (syn. salmonella pullorum) in diagnosis of pullorosis before incubation]. | 1958 | 13549099 | |
| attempt to stimulate lymphatic gland changes of fowl typhoid with adrenal cortex extract. | 1957 | 13465781 | |
| [vaccination against avian typhosis with killed vaccine does not interfere with the serological identification of fowl typhoid]. | 2013 | 13413610 | |
| the effect of feeding different levels of protein concentrates on the susceptibility of chickens to salmonella gallinarum infection. | 1957 | 13406119 | |
| antigenic analysis of d-valine adapted salmonella gallinarum. | 1956 | 13376505 | |
| the immunity to salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens produced by live cultures of members of the salmonella genus. | 1956 | 13367410 | |
| the use of live vaccines in experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens with observations on their interference effect. | 1956 | 13367409 | |
| [immunochemical study of salmonella. ii. analysis of precipitins of some anti-salmonella gallinarum and anti-salmonella typhi sera]. | 1956 | 13363029 | |
| the effect of high levels of vitamins on the resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. | 1955 | 13340620 | |
| [invalidness of the distinction between salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum and their mutual biochemical variants]. | 1956 | 13340328 | |
| antigenic studies using ammonium sulfate. iv. the sedimentation effect of ammonium sulfate on salmonella gallinarum. | 1956 | 13340122 | |
| the longevity of salmonella gallinarum in the faeces of infected chickens. | 1955 | 13242676 | |
| the isolation of salmonella gallinarum in wild birds. | 1955 | 13242673 | |
| the chemotherapy of experimental fowl typhoid in fowls (gallus domesticus). | 1955 | 13233366 | |
| observations on experimental fowl typhoid. | 1955 | 13233365 | |
| food as a vehicle of infection; the effect of variations in the diet on the induction of salmonella gallinarum infection. | 1954 | 13208934 | |
| furazolidone in the treatment of fowl typhoid in turkeys. | 1954 | 13142959 | |
| comparison of the immune responses against salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection between naked neck chickens and a commercial chicken line. | the immune responses of indigenous naked neck (nana and nana) and normally feathered (nana) chickens against a salmonella gallinarum (sg) infection were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial line (b-380). groups of 28-day-old chickens (nana, nana, nana, and b-380) were immunized orally and subcutaneously with 50 microg of sg antigens. control non-immunized animals were inoculated with sterile saline solution. all chickens were challenged with 1 ld(50) of sg and mortality was recorded ... | 2003 | 12745372 |
| comparison of intestinal invasion and macrophage response of salmonella gallinarum and other host-adapted salmonella enterica serovars in the avian host. | the purpose of this investigation was to study the host specific infection of salmonella gallinarum in chickens and to determine the contribution of intestinal invasion and macrophage survival in relation to systemic infection in the host. this was carried out by comparing the kinetics of infection of s. gallinarum to that of other salmonella host-adapted (s. cholerae-suis, s. dublin and s. typhimurium) and host-specific (s. pullorum and s. abortus-ovis) serovars. establishment of the rate of co ... | 2003 | 12488070 |
| differential diagnosis of salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum using pcr-relp. | salmonellosis in poultry of korea is a significant health problem, which causes substantial economic losses. the most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis ar s. gallinarum and s. pullorum. traditional methods used to detect salmoenella spp. in chicken are tedious, time consuming and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for the differentiation of salmonella serogroup d was assessed. we first amplified the rfbs genes by ... | 2001 | 12441691 |
| serological monitoring of 40 swiss fancy breed poultry flocks. | rapid serum agglutination, haemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen swiss fancy breed chicken flocks for antibodies against 12 avian infectious agents. for this purpose, 1,002 blood samples from 40 flocks were collected and tested. ten percent of the samples were positive for salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and 62.5% of the flocks were affected. more than 75% of the flocks had antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum/mycoplasma synoviae, infectiou ... | 2002 | 12396360 |
| distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum. | fowl typhoid caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in korea. due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by pcr and direct sequencing, respectively. ou ... | 2002 | 12383639 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies of genetic resistance to systemic salmonellosis in the chicken encoded by the sal1 locus. | a number of inbred lines of chickens have been shown to be resistant or susceptible to systemic salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in adult birds, or by s. enterica serovar enteritidis and s. enterica serovar typhimurium in young chicks. resistant lines show only moderate pathology and low mortality rates, whereas susceptible lines display extensive pathological changes and higher levels of mortality following salmonella infection. genetic resistance to salmonellosis ... | 2002 | 12361910 |
| surface plasmon resonance (biacore) detection of serum antibodies against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium. | we have used a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (biacore 3000) to detect serum antibodies in chickens having current or recent infections. three well-defined salmonella flagellar recombinant dna antigens reflecting salmonella enteritidis (h:g,m flagellin) and salmonella typhimurium (h:i and h:1,2 flagellins) expressed in escherichia coli were each immobilized in a single flow cell of a biosensor chip. glutathione-s-transferase was immobilized on the surface of another flow cell to monitor non ... | 2002 | 12133620 |
| comparative pathogenesis of experimental infections with salmonella gallinarum in local and commercial chickens. | the pathogenicity of a virulent strain of salmonella gallinarum was studied in local chickens and commercial layers. sixty 4-month-old chickens were used. of these, 50 chickens were orally infected with s. gallinarum, comprising 25 commercial layers and 25 local chickens. five chickens in each group were used as uninfected negative controls. the clinical signs and pathological features of acute, subacute and chronic fowl typhoid were observed in both groups. chickens in both groups seroconverted ... | 2002 | 12094675 |
| nucleotide and amino acid sequences of orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions and mobilization of virulence plasmids of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, gallinarum-pullorum, and typhimurium. | the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum-pullorum (pspv) but not those of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis (psev) and typhimurium (pstv) can be readily mobilized by an f or f-like conjugative plasmid. to investigate the reason for the difference, the orit-tram-traj-tray-traa-tral regions of the three salmonella virulence plasmids (psvs) were cloned and their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were examined. the cloned fragments were generally mobilized mor ... | 2002 | 12003924 |
| virulence analysis of a salmonella gallinarum strain by oral inoculation of 20-day-old chickens. | in order to know the effect of in vitro passages on the pathogenicity of the salmonella gallinarum strain inta 91, a lyophilized culture was compared with the same strain recently isolated from a sick bird. the mean lethal dose (ld50) of the orally administered lyophilized culture was determined as 2.04 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/chicken. there was no correlation between the ld50 dose and the degree of disease produced; doses 10 or 100 times higher than the calculated ld50 did not produc ... | 2002 | 11922332 |
| efficacy of crude extract of aloe secundiflora against salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected free-range chickens in tanzania. | the ethnoveterinary use of aloe species extract in free-range local chickens against fowl typhoid was investigated. five-months-old local chickens, free of antibodies against fowl typhoid were used. the chickens were randomly assorted into five groups including pretreated and infected (g1, n=21), infected and untreated (g2, n=21), infected and treated (g3, n=21), untreated and uninfected (g4, n=10) and treated uninfected (g5, n=10). groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with 5.0 x 10(8) c.f.u/ml of ... | 2002 | 11849835 |
| the spread of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine strain under field conditions. | a live vaccine based on an attenuated salmonella gallinarum 9r strain is in use in a salmonella enteritidis control program in commercial layer flocks in the netherlands. in a field study, the potential spread of the vaccine strain from vaccinated flocks to nonvaccinated flocks has been studied after both the primary and the booster injection at four different rearing farms and at one layer farm. the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated flocks were monitored at regular intervals by bacteriologic and ... | 2001 | 11785873 |
| classification of grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions seen at postmortem in canadian poultry abattoirs according to a hazard identification decision tree. | this study was designed to review all grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions (gdacs) encountered in poultry in canadian abattoirs to determine which have potential to cause adverse health effects for the consumer. review of the literature and consultation with scientists in the field of microbiology, epidemiology, poultry pathology, chemistry, and meat inspection served to generate an inventory of gdacs, and a decision tree containing algorithms was developed to identify gdacs potential ... | 2001 | 11770626 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella species from stool specimens. | the performance of bbl chromagar salmonella (becton dickinson, france), a new selective chromogenic medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of salmonella spp., was evaluated. on this medium, which is a modification of chromagar salmonella (chromagar microbiology, france) with enhanced selectivity, the colonies of salmonella are stained in mauve (rose-violet), while those of other organisms appear in blue-green or are not stained by any of the chromogens of the medium. the medium ... | 2001 | 11681435 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system but not the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system for virulence in chickens. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a host-specific serotype that causes the severe systemic disease fowl typhoid in domestic poultry and a narrow range of other avian species but rarely causes disease in mammalian hosts. specificity of the disease is primarily at the level of the reticuloendothelial system, but few virulence factors have been described other than the requirement for an 85-kb virulence plasmid. in this work, by making functional mutations in the type iii secretion systems ... | 2001 | 11500419 |
| isolation and characterization of salmonella gallinarum cytotoxic factors. | two distinct cytotoxic factors isolated from a salmonella gallinarum strain recovered from a bird died during an outbreak of fowl typhoid were purified to homogeneity through ciprofloxacin extraction, salt precipitation, dialysis, gelfiltration, ionexchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. these were designated as salmonella gallinarum cytotoxin i (gct-i) and ii (gct-ii). gct-i was a glycoprotein having mol.wt and pi of ca 70 kda and 8.8, respectively. it was lethal to birds (ld50, 150 micro ... | 2000 | 11395962 |
| vaccination against salmonella enteritidis in dutch commercial layer flocks with a vaccine based on a live salmonella gallinarum 9r strain: evaluation of efficacy, safety, and performance of serologic salmonella tests. | this study describes a field trial in which 80 commercial layer flocks, with an increased risk of salmonella enteritidis (se) infection and placed on farms with a certified standardized biosecurity programme (sbp) or a request for a sbp certificate, were vaccinated with a vaccine based on a live attenuated salmonella gallinarum (sg) 9r strain. an evaluation is presented of the efficacy of the vaccine against se infections, the effect on the performance of serologic salmonella tests, and the spre ... | 2001 | 11332503 |
| studies of the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella. | to study the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella, a mathematical model has been developed which permits a definition and experimental investigation of the specific interaction between the adapted serovar and the adequate host. after experimental infection using a mixture of equal parts of two salmonella strains, a and b, the bacterial concentrations ca and cb were determined in the organs of the animals infected. if an animal of species a and an animal of species b are infected with the ... | 2000 | 11244872 |
| bacterial colonization and endotoxin activity during experimental acute fowl typhoid in chickens. | bacterial colonization and endotoxin production were investigated before and after experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens. these parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (cfu) and the limulus amebocyte lysate test (lal), respectively. birds were infected per os with 1,5 x 10(9) cfu/ml of wild strain of s. gallinarum isolated from a dead hen. approximately 1,5 x 10(2); 1,3 x 10(2) and 1,2 x 10(2) cfu of s. gallinarum were recorded f ... | 2000 | 11206397 |
| serologic survey of slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected avian pathogens. | serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in ohio and indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), paramyxovirus (pmv) 2, pmv3, pmv7, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), bordetella avium, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella typhimurium. one ostrich had antibodies to aiv h5n9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to ... | 2000 | 11195659 |
| health status of northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) in eastern kansas. | the health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) from lyon county, kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. serologic tests for antibodies to salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, pasteurella multocida, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. intestinal coccidia (eimeria spp.) wer ... | 2000 | 11195653 |
| differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts. although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of salmonella in the chicken. type iii secretion systems play a key role in host cell invasiveness and trigger th ... | 2000 | 11101679 |
| competitive exclusion of salmonella enteritidis by salmonella gallinarum in poultry. | salmonella enteritidis emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen in the late 20th century. epidemiologic data from england, wales, and the united states indicate that s. enteritidis filled the ecologic niche vacated by eradication of s. gallinarum from poultry, leading to an epidemic increase in human infections. we tested this hypothesis by retrospective analysis of epidemiologic surveys in germany and demonstrated that the number of human s. enteritidis cases is inversely related to the preva ... | 2000 | 10998373 |
| ostrich diseases. | scientific knowledge of ostrich diseases is incomplete and very fragmented, with specific details on technical aspects of diagnostic and/or screening tests completely absent in most cases. salmonella typhimurium is common in multispecies collections and causes mortality in chicks younger than three months on commercial farms, but is rarely found in chicks older than six months, or slaughter birds of twelve to fourteen months in southern africa. campylobacter jejuni and chlamydia psittaci are occ ... | 2000 | 10935285 |
| fowl typhoid and pullorum disease. | fowl typhoid (ft) and pullorum disease (pd) are septicaemic diseases, primarily of chickens and turkeys, caused by gram negative bacteria, salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum, respectively. clinical signs in chicks and poults include anorexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, weakness and high mortality. in mature fowl, ft and pd are manifested by decreased egg production, fertility, hatchability and anorexia, and increased mortality. gross and microscopic lesions due to ft and pd in chicks and poults ... | 2000 | 10935271 |
| phosphine generation by mixed- and monoseptic-cultures of anaerobic bacteria. | a microbial basis for bioreductive generation of phosphine is proposed, which could account at least in part for the presence of this toxic gas in natural anaerobic environments and in sewage and landfill gases. phosphine generation under anaerobic growth conditions was dependent upon both the culture inoculum source (animal faeces) and enrichment culture conditions. phosphine was detected in headspace gases from mixed cultures under conditions promoting fermentative growth of mixed acid and but ... | 2000 | 10811253 |
| differentiation of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin c gene (flic). | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum and biotype pullorum are non-motile and pathogenic avian strains. biotype gallinarum causes fowl typhoid and biotype pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease in chickens. the two biotypes could be differentiated based on biochemical characteristics. however, conventional culture and biochemical assays are time-consuming, laborious and need sterile laboratory practices. although the two biotypes, gallinarum and pullorum are non-motile, t ... | 2000 | 10739340 |
| vaccination for control of salmonella in poultry. | salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens causing localised or systemic infections, in addition to a chronic asymptomatic carrier state. they are of worldwide economic and public health significance. in poultry, which represent important sources of cheap protein throughout the world, fowl typhoid and pullorum disease continue to cause economic losses in those parts of the world where the poultry industries are continuing to intensify and where open sided housing is common. a number ... | 1999 | 10418900 |
| salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (phasianus colchicus). | in 1996, pullorum disease due to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west scotland. the gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for s pullorum on the site in 1997. the causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selectiv ... | 1999 | 10204223 |
| purification and characterization of phospholipase c of salmonella gallinarum. | phospholipase c was isolated from an outbreak strain of salmonella gallinarum with ciprofloxacin extraction, dialysis, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and chromatofocussing. purified phospholipase c (mol wt. 65 kda; isoelectric point, pi 3.5) was resistant to pasteurization, stomach enzyme (pepsin), bacterial protease and lipase but lost its activity on trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment. it was sensitive to ph > or = 8.0. it was haemolytic, embryotoxic, enterohaemorrhagic, lethal to ... | 1998 | 10093508 |
| lactobacilli isolated from chicken intestines: potential use as probiotics. | lactobacillus strains were tested for their in vitro probiotic properties. cell surface hydrophobicity was found to be very high for lactobacillus fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and salmonella gallinarum; high values could indicate a greater ability to adhere to epithelial cells. studies on lactobacillus animalis indicated relative cell surface hydrophobicities smaller than those of l. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and l. fermentum. l. animalis and enterococcus faecalis were able to coaggregate wit ... | 1999 | 10090244 |
| effect of a commercial competitive exclusion culture (preempt) on mortality and horizontal transmission of salmonella gallinarum in broiler chickens. | a commercial competitive exclusion (ce) culture (preempt) was evaluated for its ability to decrease mortality during the first 10-12 days posthatch resulting from the causative agent of fowl typhoid, salmonella gallinarum. in the first experiment, chicks provided the ce culture on day of hatch and challenged with 10(5) s. gallinarum on day 3 had a significant decrease in mortality compared with non-ce-treated s. gallinarum-challenged chicks in all four replicates. mortality for control chicks wh ... | 1998 | 9876831 |
| comparison of immune responses of two salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in kenya. | the immune responses of two s. gallinarum strains, l46 and cn 180, were compared in 15-week-old cockerels. the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were assayed by means of the indirect haemagglutination test (iha) and the macrophage migration inhibition test (mit), respectively. birds were vaccinated with the two vaccines, respectively, and bled for sera (for iha) and cells (for mit) every week up to the seventh week, post vaccination, then every alternate week, three times, and later onc ... | 1998 | 9741049 |
| protection of chickens against experimental fowl typhoid using a nuog mutant of salmonella serotype gallinarum. | a nuog mutation in nadh dehydrogenase i was introduced into a virulent strain of salmonella serotype gallinarum, the causative agent of fowl typhoid, using gene replacement with a nuog open reading frame inactivated by insertion of dna encoding a kanamycin resistance determinant. the s. gallinarum nuog mutant, named sg9ngk, was highly attenuated in chickens. sg9ngk colonized the caeca of chickens less efficiently than the s. gallinarum parental strain, was less invasive and showed no evidence of ... | 1998 | 9682335 |
| variants of smooth salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grow to higher cell density than the wild type are more virulent. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grows to a higher cell density (se-hcd) than wild type while retaining o-chain lipopolysaccharide was isolated by transforming wild type serovar enteritidis with the cell density sensor plasmid psb402 and selecting for bioluminescence. a luminescent strain, se-hcd, that emitted light in proportion with cell density and opacity through stationary phase was isolated. after a peak cell density of 1.5 x 10(11) cfu/ml was observed, luminescence decreased, ... | 1998 | 9603830 |
| the presence of genes homologous to the k88 genes faeh and faei on the virulence plasmid of salmonella gallinarum. | a tn3 insertion mutation was produced in the virulence plasmid of a strain of salmonella gallinarum which conferred avirulence by parenteral and oral routes but which was also less invasive following oral inoculation. the transposon was found to have inserted near an open reading frame (orf) with no homologies in the data banks. this orf was adjacent to two additional orf's with a high degree of homology of escherichia coli genes encoding the minor structural subunits (faeh and faei) of the k88 ... | 1998 | 9503619 |
| [salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infection of poultry: experiences in switzerland]. | 37 salmonella gallinarum-pullorum-strains were isolated from dead poultry between 1986 and 1996. all strains except one belonged to the biovar pullorum. 33 isolates were from fancy poultry flocks, four from backyard flocks. 10 of 12 chicks and 10 of 25 adult birds showed clinical signs of disease. the growing significance of fancy and backyard flocks as a reservoir for s. gallinarum-pullorum is emphasized in view of the increase in free range management of commercial layer and broiler flocks. | 1997 | 9480540 |
| lead disrupts eicosanoid metabolism, macrophage function, and disease resistance in birds. | lead (pb) affects elements of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and diminishes host resistance to infectious disease. evidence is presented supporting a hypothesis of pb-induced immunosuppression stemming from altered fatty acid metabolism, and mediated by eicosanoids and macrophages (mo). chronic pb exposure increases the proportion of arachidonate (ara) among fatty acids in lipid from avian tissues, and this change provides precursors for eicosanoids, the oxygenated derivatives of ara that m ... | 1997 | 9404672 |
| status of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections in poultry in zambia. | ten outbreaks of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections on poultry farms in zambia were investigated. three cases were seen in day-old broiler chickens and were diagnosed by culture as s. gallinarum-pullorum and characterized as pullorum disease because the mortality was only in the first few weeks. another case was diagnosed by culture from broiler parent stock. day-old chicks from two of the three cases were supplied by a hatchery. five cases in 5-to-18-month-old layer chickens were diagnos ... | 1997 | 9201422 |
| immunoprophylaxis of salmonella gallinarum infection by salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines in broiler chicks. | research on the control of intestinal and tissue colonization of breeder and table-egg producing flocks by invasive salmonella enteritidis (se) has focused on the advancement of anti-salmonella feed additives, microbiological strategies, and the development of vaccines. recent investigations in our laboratories have concentrated on the development of immunoprophylactic measures to control salmonella infections. we have found an increased resistance to salmonella enteritidis (se) organ infectivit ... | 1997 | 9192048 |
| [antimicrobial activity and interaction with dna of medicinal plants from the peruvian amazon region]. | decoctions of four plants used for the treatment of different infections by indigenous groups of the peruvian amazon, i.e. abuta grandifolia, cyperus articulatus, gnaphalium spicatum and pothomorphe peltata were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by the "stroke method" in agar plates. tested organisms included staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, salmonella gallinarum, klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans, pseudomonas aeruginosa and mycobacterium gordonae. all decoctions showed antimicr ... | 1995 | 8850132 |