Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [susceptibility of clinically-isolated bacteria strains to respiratory quinolones and evaluation of antimicrobial agent efficacy by monte carlo simulation]. | respiratory quinolones (rqs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of a wide variety of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. however, bacterial resistance to quinolones has been on the increase. in this study, we investigated the predicted efficacy of rqs for various strains of 9 bacterial species clinically isolated at our university hospital using the monte carlo simulation (mcs) method based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling. in addition, the infl ... | 2016 | 27290828 |
| [surveillance of in vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents for 11,762 clinical isolates obtained from 69 centers in 2013]. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been conducted continuously as postmarketing surveillance of levofloxacin (lvfx) since 1994. the present survey was undertaken to investigate in vitro susceptibilities of bacteria to 33 selected antibacterial agents, focusing on fluoroquinolones (fqs), using 11,762 clinical isolates for 19 species collected from 69 centers during 2013 in japan. the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and ha ... | 2016 | 27290827 |
| detection of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in patients with paranasal chronic sinusitis by polymerase chain reaction method. | sinusitis is a complex involvement of the upper respiratory system by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other allergens. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the dominant bacterial microorganisms involved in acute sinusitis, whereas in chronic sinusitis, staphylococcus aureus and some anaerobic bacteria are the prevailing pathogens. appropriate antibiotic treatment requires sinusitis bacteriology assessment. the aim of this study was to isolate bacteria in c ... | 2016 | 27282403 |
| susceptibility of urinary tract bacteria to newer antimicrobial drugs. | urinary tract infections (utis) are among the commonest types of bacterial infections. the antibiotic treatment for utis is associated with important medical and economic implications. many different microorganisms can cause utis though the most common pathogens are e. coli and members of family enterobacteriaceae. the knowledge of etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the organisms causing urinary tract infection is essential. the present study was undertaken to evaluate trends of antib ... | 2016 | 27275323 |
| serum albumin and ca2+ are natural competence inducers in the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii. | the increasing frequency of bacteria showing antimicrobial resistance (amr) raises the menace of entering into a postantibiotic era. horizontal gene transfer (hgt) is one of the prime reasons for amr acquisition. acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen with outstanding abilities to survive in the hospital environment and to acquire resistance determinants. its capacity to incorporate exogenous dna is a major source of amr genes; however, few studies have addressed this subject. the tran ... | 2016 | 27270286 |
| sulfate-binding protein, cysp, is a candidate vaccine antigen of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis causes otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections would have an enormous impact globally in preventing morbidity caused by m. catarrhalis in these populations. using a genome mining approach we have identified a sulfate binding protein, cysp, of an atp binding cassette (abc) transporter system as a novel candidate vaccine antigen. cysp expresses epitope ... | 2016 | 27265455 |
| pneumococcal vaccine impact on otitis media microbiology: a new zealand cohort study before and after the introduction of phid-cv10 vaccine. | we compared the microbiology of middle ear fluid (mef) in two cohorts of children having ventilation tube (vt) insertion; the first in the era of 7-valent streptococcus pneumoniae conjugate vaccine (pcv7) and the second following introduction of the ten-valent pneumococcal vaccine (phid-cv10). | 2016 | 27265454 |
| the fifth international meeting of isev, isev2016, rotterdam, the netherlands, 4 - 7 may, 2016. | 2016 | 27247029 | |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of the novel oxabicyclooctane-linked bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor am-8722, a selective, potent inhibitor of bacterial dna gyrase. | oxabicyclooctane-linked novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (nbtis) represent a new class of recently described antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity. nbtis dually inhibit the clinically validated bacterial targets dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv and have been shown to bind distinctly from known classes of antibacterial agents directed against these targets. herein we report the molecular, cellular, and in vivo characterization of am-8722 as a representative n-alkylated-1,5-naph ... | 2016 | 27246784 |
| discovery and analysis of natural-product compounds inhibiting protein synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacterial protein synthesis is the target for numerous natural and synthetic antibacterial agents. we have developed a poly(u) mrna-directed aminoacylation/translation (a/t) protein synthesis system composed of phenylalanyl-trna synthetases (phers), ribosomes, and ribosomal factors from pseudomonas aeruginosa this system has been used for high-throughput screening of a natural-compound library. assays were developed for each component of the system to ascertain the specific target of inhibitory ... | 2016 | 27246774 |
| antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing acute otitis media in finnish children. | microbiology and susceptibility of middle ear pathogens in children change over time and antibiotic resistance is increasing globally. for the clinicians it is important to be up to date about the resistance situation when considering antibiotic treatment in acute otitis media (aom). in this study we analysed the resistance profile of aom pathogens in out-patient children in finland. | 2016 | 27240503 |
| pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in outpatients. | the aim of the present study was to determine the results of typical and atypical bacteria microbiological tests in patients with symptoms of chronic cough. we investigated 230 outpatients aged from 1 to 83 years (112 female, 72 male, and 46 children) who were free of any respiratory tract infection at the time of study. the material for the investigation consisted of pharyngeal swabs. two hundred and thirty pharyngeal swabs were examined for chlamydia pneumoniae antigen and for typical pathogen ... | 2016 | 27235165 |
| the frequency of influenza and bacterial coinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | coinfecting bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in influenza. however, there remains a paucity of literature on the magnitude of coinfection in influenza patients. | 2016 | 27232677 |
| the oligopeptide permease opp mediates illicit transport of the bacterial p-site decoding inhibitor ge81112. | ge81112 is a tetrapeptide antibiotic that binds to the 30s ribosomal subunit and specifically inhibits p-site decoding of the mrna initiation codon by the fmet-trna anticodon. ge81112 displays excellent microbiological activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in both minimal and complete, chemically defined, broth, but is essentially inactive in complete complex media. this is due to the presence of peptides that compete with the antibiotic for the oligopeptide permease sys ... | 2016 | 27231947 |
| associations between nasopharyngeal carriage of group b streptococcus and other respiratory pathogens during early infancy. | in west africa, the carriage of group b streptococcus (gbs), among infants is poorly characterised. we investigated co-carriage of gbs with other respiratory pathogens in the infants' nasopharynx in the gambia. | 2016 | 27230066 |
| etiological characteristics of chlamydia trachoma conjunctivitis of primary boarding school students in the qinghai tibetan area. | the aim of this study was to investigate the etiological characteristics of chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis among resident students at primary schools in the qinghai tibetan area in order to understand the distribution of c. trachomatis and other pathogenic microorganisms, to detect the isolation rate of infectious pathogens, and to provide an evidence for further targeted efforts in the prevent of sporadic trachoma efforts. from two primary schools in qinghai province, ocular samples from ... | 2016 | 27225259 |
| impact of widespread introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal and nonpneumococcal otitis media. | pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (pcvs) impact on complex otitis media (om; including recurrent, nonresponsive, and chronic om with effusion) was greater than that on simple, acute om in previous studies. since complex om is often a polymicrobial disease, we speculated that reduction of complex om by pcvs would be associated with reduction of non-pneumococcal om. | 2016 | 27225239 |
| flashy flagella: flagellin modification is relatively common and highly versatile among the enterobacteriaceae. | post-translational glycosylation of the flagellin protein is relatively common among gram-negative bacteria, and has been linked to several phenotypes, including flagellar biosynthesis and motility, biofilm formation, host immune evasion and manipulation and virulence. however to date, despite extensive physiological and genetic characterization, it has never been reported for the peritrichously flagellate enterobacteriaceae. | 2016 | 27206480 |
| a wide spectrum of fastidious and ampicillin-susceptible bacteria dominate in animal-caused wounds. | the main purpose of this study was to assess the actual occurrence of gram-negative oxidase-positive bacteria (gnop) in human wounds caused by animals, mostly cat and dog bites and scratches, and with signs of infection. we report a prospective series of 92 wound samples. routine culturing was combined with a procedure optimised for fastidious gnop. all gnop isolates were identified by 16s rdna sequencing to the species level. we observed a more prominent role of gnop, including at least 30 spec ... | 2016 | 27197725 |
| identification of bacterial and viral codetections with mycoplasma pneumoniae using the taqman array card in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. | mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in a number of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in a recent prospective study. to assess whether other pathogens were also detected in these patients, taqman array cards were used to test 216 m pneumoniae-positive respiratory specimens for 25 additional viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. it is interesting to note that 1 or more codetections, predominantly bacterial, were identified in approximately 60% of specimens, with codetections being mor ... | 2016 | 27191004 |
| phase 3 trials of thermosensitive ciprofloxacin gel for middle ear effusion in children with tubes. | to investigate the efficacy, safety, and microbiology of a thermosensitive otic suspension of ciprofloxacin (oto-201) in children with bilateral middle ear effusion undergoing tympanostomy tube placement. | 2016 | 27188702 |
| ten-year study of acute otitis media in rochester, ny. | this review summarizes a prospective, longitudinal 10-year study in rochester, ny, involving 760 children where virtually all clinically diagnosed acute otitis media (aom) was confirmed by bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. this review describes detection of otopathogens in middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal (np) otopathogen colonization patterns, aom risk factor analysis, biomarkers of aom and antibody responses to np colonization by otopathogens. after licensure of pcv13, there was an immedi ... | 2016 | 27182898 |
| membrane anchoring stabilizes and favors secretion of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase. | carbapenems, 'last-resort' β-lactam antibiotics, are inactivated by zinc-dependent metallo-β-lactamases (mbls). the host innate immune response withholds nutrient metal ions from microbial pathogens by releasing metal-chelating proteins such as calprotectin. we show that metal sequestration is detrimental for the accumulation of mbls in the bacterial periplasm, because those enzymes are readily degraded in their nonmetallated form. however, the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1) can persist u ... | 2016 | 27182662 |
| [prevalence of sensitization to fungi in patients with respiratory allergy]. | as part of the etiology of respiratory allergy we have genetics, prenatal factors and sensitivity to various airborne allergens, between these fungi are found. relationship has been found between sensitization to fungal in skin tests and allergy pathogenesis and aggravation. there is a few literature in mexico and in the north of the country it is lacking regarding this problem. | 2016 | 27174757 |
| [prevalence of sensitization to allergens in school children with asthma residents from guadalajara metropolitan area]. | allergic sensitization is dependent on the geographical and climatic conditions in each region; therefore, identify agents most commonly sensitized children with asthma is important for planning prevention measures. | 2016 | 27174756 |
| the chinchilla research resource database: resource for an otolaryngology disease model. | the long-tailed chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) is an established animal model for diseases of the inner and middle ear, among others. in particular, chinchilla is commonly used to study diseases involving viral and bacterial pathogens and polymicrobial infections of the upper respiratory tract and the ear, such as otitis media. the value of the chinchilla as a model for human diseases prompted the sequencing of its genome in 2012 and the more recent development of the chinchilla research resou ... | 2016 | 27173523 |
| uropathogenic e. coli exploit cea to promote colonization of the urogenital tract mucosa. | attachment to the host mucosa is a key step in bacterial pathogenesis. on the apical surface of epithelial cells, members of the human carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) family are abundant glycoproteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and modulation of cell signaling. interestingly, several gram-negative bacterial pathogens target these receptors by specialized adhesins. the prototype of a ceacam-binding pathogen, neisseria gonorrhoeae, utilizes colony opacity associated (opa) proteins to engage cea ... | 2016 | 27171273 |
| comparative analysis of prophage-like elements in helicobacter sp. genomes. | prophages are regarded as one of the factors underlying bacterial virulence, genomic diversification, and fitness, and are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes. information on helicobacter sp. prophages remains scarce. in this study, sixteen prophages were identified and analyzed in detail. eight of them are described for the first time. based on a comparative genomic analysis, these sixteen prophages can be classified into four different clusters. phylogenetic relationships of cluster a helicobacter ... | 2016 | 27169002 |
| comparative efficacy and safety of cefixime and ciprofloxacin in the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia in ibadan, nigeria. | initial antibiotic therapy in upper and lower respiratory tract infections is usually empirical. however, the decreasing susceptibility of respiratory pathogens to antibacterials have raised concerns about the decreasing efficacy of currently available antibiotics. | 2015 | 27162517 |
| high azithromycin concentration in lungs by way of bovine serum albumin microspheres as targeted drug delivery: lung targeting efficiency in albino mice. | following administration, the antibiotic travels freely through the body and also accumulates in other parts apart from the infection site. high dosage and repeated ingestion of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia leads to undesirable effects and inappropriate disposition of the drug. by way of targeted lung delivery, this study was intended to eliminate inappropriate azithromycin disposition and to achieve higher azithromycin concentration to treat deeper airway infections. | 2016 | 27150818 |
| defining the binding region in factor h to develop a therapeutic factor h-fc fusion protein against non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) cause a range of illnesses including otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections that contribute to the problem of antibiotic resistance and are themselves often intractable to standard antibiotic treatment regimens. we investigated a strategy to exploit binding of the complement inhibitor factor h (fh) to nthi as a functional target for an immunotherapeutic containing the nthi binding domain of fh fuse ... | 2016 | 27148489 |
| pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management. | a pleural effusion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. it can pose a diagnostic dilemma to the treating physician because it may be related to disorders of the lung or pleura, or to a systemic disorder. patients most commonly present with dyspnea, initially on exertion, predominantly dry cough, and pleuritic chest pain. to treat pleural effusion appropriately, it is important to determine its etiology. however, the etiology of pleural effusion remains unclear in nearly 20 ... | 2012 | 27147861 |
| direct molecular detection of a broad range of bacterial and viral organisms and streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine serotypes in children with otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) causes significant morbidity in children, but the causes of ome and methods for prevention are unclear. to look for potential infectious etiologies, we performed a pilot study using multiple-target real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for 27 infectious agents, including nine bacterial organisms and 18 respiratory viruses in middle ear fluids (mefs) from children with ome. qpcr was also performed for the 13 streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes contained in the ... | 2016 | 27130295 |
| effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugated vaccine (phid-cv) against carriage and acute otitis media-a double-blind randomized clinical trial in finland. | after administering the 10-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugated vaccine (phid-cv) to children aged 2-18 months, we observed a reduction in vaccine-type nasopharyngeal carriage, resulting in a reduction of overall pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage, which may be important for indirect vaccine effects. we noted a trend toward reduction of acute otitis media. | 2016 | 27125273 |
| draft genome sequence of psychrobacter sp. ennn9_iii, a strain isolated from water in a polluted temperate estuarine system (ria de aveiro, portugal). | the genus psychrobacter includes gram-negative coccobacilli that are non-pigmented, oxidase-positive, non-motile, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, and halotolerant. psychrobacter strain ennn9_iii was isolated from water in a polluted temperate estuarine system, contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals. the genome has a g + c content of 42.7%, 2618 open reading frames (orfs), three copies of the rrnas operon, and 29 trna genes. twenty-five sequences related to the degradation of aromatic ... | 2016 | 27114904 |
| microbiology of peritonsillar abscess in the south estonian population. | the first aim of this study was to compare the microbiota of different locations (pus, tonsillar fossa, blood) in peritonsillar abscess (pta) patients in order to optimize the sampling scheme. the second aim was to estimate the occurrence of tonsillitis episodes and macroscopic oropharyngeal signs characteristic of recurrent tonsillitis in pta patients. | 2016 | 27113570 |
| early-life intranasal colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae exacerbates juvenile airway disease in mice. | accumulating evidence suggests a connection between asthma development and colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). specifically, nasopharyngeal colonization of human infants with nthi within 4 weeks of birth is associated with an increased risk of asthma development later in childhood. monocytes derived from these infants have aberrant inflammatory responses to common upper respiratory bacterial antigens compared to those of cells derived from infants who were not colonized ... | 2016 | 27113355 |
| ultra-deep and quantitative saliva proteome reveals dynamics of the oral microbiome. | the oral cavity is home to one of the most diverse microbial communities of the human body and a major entry portal for pathogens. its homeostasis is maintained by saliva, which fulfills key functions including lubrication of food, pre-digestion, and bacterial defense. consequently, disruptions in saliva secretion and changes in the oral microbiome contribute to conditions such as tooth decay and respiratory tract infections. here we set out to quantitatively map the saliva proteome in great dep ... | 2016 | 27102203 |
| evaluation of various culture media for detection of rapidly growing mycobacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis. | isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) is challenging due to overgrowth by rapidly growing species that colonize the lungs of patients with cf. extended incubation on burkholderia cepacia selective agar (bcsa) has been recommended as an expedient culture method for the isolation of rapidly growing ntm in this setting. the aim of this study was to assess five selective media designed for the isolation of burkholderia cepacia complex, a ... | 2016 | 27098962 |
| retrospective analysis of the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia in turkish patients with lung cancer. | the spectrum of pulmonary infections in patients with lung cancer is wide, and tools for target-oriented infection control measures are necessary. in this retrospective study we report the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia (based on the results of sputum culture) in a case series of turkish patients with lung malignancies. | 2016 | 27095942 |
| moonlighting of helicobacter pylori catalase protects against complement-mediated killing by utilising the host molecule vitronectin. | helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a common cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. despite h. pylori provoking strong innate and adaptive immune responses, the bacterium is able to successfully establish long-term infections. vitronectin (vn), a component of both the extracellular matrix and plasma, is involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of the complement system. the aim of this study was to define a receptor in h. pylori that binds vn and deter ... | 2016 | 27087644 |
| microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. | most sinus infections are viral and only a small percentage develop bacterial infection. rhino-, influenza, and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral causes of sinusitis. the most common bacterial isolates from children and adult patients with community-acquired acute bacterial sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes. staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic organisms (prevotella and porphyromonas, fusobacterium, a ... | 2016 | 27086363 |
| clinical impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on bacterial pneumonia: cultivation and 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | determining whether methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a true causative pathogen or reflective of colonization when mrsa is cultured from the respiratory tract remains important in treating patients with pneumonia. | 2016 | 27083412 |
| airway microbiota in severe asthma and relationship to asthma severity and phenotypes. | the lower airways harbor a community of bacterial species which is altered in asthma. | 2016 | 27078029 |
| in vitro evaluation of the comprehensive antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of curtisia dentata (burm.f) c.a. sm: toxicological effect on the human embryonic kidney (hek293) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cell lines. | curtisia dentata is used in african traditional medicine to treat variety of infections. c. dentata leaves were collected from buffelskloof nature reserve, south africa. the ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using micro dilution assay against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium smegmatis, mycoplasma hominis, candida albicans and some clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis, proteus mirabilis and staphylococcus ... | 2015 | 27065768 |
| infections and foreign bodies in ent. | infections play a major role in the practice of ent. microbial penetration into tissues of the head and neck can initiate a focal reaction causing superficial self-resolving infections. however, some of these have the potential to develop into life-threatening disease. we provide an overview of the most common ent infections with focus on the presentation, diagnosis and management. foreign bodies of the ear, nose and throat are a common presentation to primary and emergency care. most commonly t ... | 2012 | 27057069 |
| antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and its major constituents. | oregano is a perennial shrub that grows in the mountains of the mediterranean and euro/irano-siberian regions. this study was conducted to identify the major constituents of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and examine the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the extract but more importantly the contribution of its specific major constituent(s) or their combination to the overall extract biological activity. gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the e ... | 2016 | 27051475 |
| results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2011-13 in turkey. | data are presented from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) for respiratory tract infection pathogens collected in 2011-13 from turkey. | 2016 | 27048584 |
| results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2009-11 and 2013-14 in china. | to compare antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory bacteria in china during 2009-11 and 2013-14. | 2016 | 27048581 |
| results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2012-14 in thailand, india, south korea and singapore. | to provide susceptibility data for community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected in 2012-14 from four asian countries. | 2016 | 27048580 |
| bronchiectasis: a bacteriological profile. | the occurrence of bronchiectasis can involve a combination of many environmental factors, including infection. the aim of our work is to determine the bacteriological profile of bronchiectasis. this is a retrospective study of 100 patients hospitalized in between january 2010 and july 2013. the average age was 48 years with a 58% female predominance. symptomatology was by a bronchial syndrome in 90% of cases. bacteriological examination was able to isolate the microbe in 35% of cases. in our stu ... | 2015 | 27047618 |
| infection with and carriage of mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. | "atypical" pneumonia was described as a distinct and mild form of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) already before mycoplasma pneumoniae had been discovered and recognized as its cause. m. pneumoniae is detected in cap patients most frequently among school-aged children from 5 to 15 years of age, with a decline after adolescence and tapering off in adulthood. detection rates by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or serology in children with cap admitted to the hospital amount 4-39%. although the i ... | 2016 | 27047456 |
| results from the solithromycin international surveillance program (2014). | solithromycin, a fourth-generation macrolide (a fluoroketolide with enhanced activity against macrolide-resistant bacteria due to interaction with three ribosomal sites) and the first fluoroketolide, was tested against a 2014 collection of 6,115 isolates, including streptococcus pneumoniae (1,713 isolates), haemophilus influenzae (1,308), moraxella catarrhalis (577), staphylococcus aureus (1,024), and beta-hemolytic streptococci (1,493), by reference broth microdilution methods. the geographic s ... | 2016 | 27044551 |
| provider decisions to treat respiratory illnesses with antibiotics: insights from a randomized controlled trial. | lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) frequently causes adult hospitalization and antibiotic overuse. procalcitonin (pct) treatment algorithms have been used successfully in europe to safely reduce antibiotic use for lrti but have not been adopted in the united states. we recently performed a feasibility study for a randomized clinical trial (rct) of pct and viral testing to guide therapy for non-pneumonic lrti. | 2016 | 27043012 |
| treatment of patients with copd and recurrent exacerbations: the role of infection and inflammation. | exacerbations of copd represent an important medical and health care problem. certain susceptible patients suffer recurrent exacerbations and as a consequence have a poorer prognosis. the effects of bronchial infection, either acute or chronic, and of the inflammation characteristic of the disease itself raise the question of the possible role of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents in modulating the course of the disease. however, clinical guidelines base their recommendations on clinical t ... | 2016 | 27042040 |
| bacterial-viral load and the immune response in stable and exacerbated copd: significance and therapeutic prospects. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung. bacteria and viruses are a major cause of copd exacerbations and may contribute to copd progression by perpetuating the inflammatory response in the airways. bacterial variety diminishes with increasing copd severity. respiratory viruses can colonize the lower respiratory tract in stable copd, altering the respiratory microbiome and facilitating second ... | 2016 | 27042037 |
| moraxella catarrhalis induces ceacam3-syk-card9-dependent activation of human granulocytes. | the human restricted pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is an important causal agent for exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease in adults. in such patients, increased numbers of granulocytes are present in the airways, which correlate with bacteria-induced exacerbations and severity of the disease. our study investigated whether the interaction of m. catarrhalis with the human granulocyte-specific carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (ceacam)-3 is linked to nf-κb activa ... | 2016 | 27038042 |
| pipeline of known chemical classes of antibiotics. | many approaches are used to discover new antibiotic compounds, one of the most widespread being the chemical modification of known antibiotics. this type of discovery has been so important in the development of new antibiotics that most antibiotics used today belong to the same chemical classes as antibiotics discovered in the 1950s and 1960s. even though the discovery of new classes of antibiotics is urgently needed, the chemical modification of antibiotics in known classes is still widely used ... | 2013 | 27029317 |
| molecular targets of β-lactam-based antimicrobials: beyond the usual suspects. | the common practice in antibacterial drug development has been to rapidly make an attempt to find ever-more stable and broad-spectrum variants for a particular antibiotic, once a drug resistance for that antibiotic is detected. we are now facing bacterial resistance toward our clinically relevant antibiotics of such a magnitude that the conversation for antimicrobial drug development ought to include effective new antibiotics with alternative mechanisms of action. the electrophilic β-lactam ring ... | 2014 | 27025739 |
| elderberry supplementation reduces cold duration and symptoms in air-travellers: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. | intercontinental air travel can be stressful, especially for respiratory health. elderberries have been used traditionally, and in some observational and clinical studies, as supportive agents against the common cold and influenza. this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of 312 economy class passengers travelling from australia to an overseas destination aimed to investigate if a standardised membrane filtered elderberry (sambucus nigra l.) extract has beneficial effects ... | 2016 | 27023596 |
| acute otitis media and other complications of viral respiratory infection. | viral upper and lower respiratory tract infections (uri, lri) are common in infants. we determined the prevalence of viral uri and its complications, including acute otitis media (aom) and lri, and assessed the effect of bacterial-viral interactions, and genetic and environmental risks on aom development. | 2016 | 27020793 |
| copd disease severity and innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. | the airways of copd patients are often colonized with bacteria leading to increased airway inflammation. this study sought to determine whether systemic cytokine responses to microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are increased among subjects with severe copd. in an observational cross-sectional study of copd subjects, pamp-induced cytokine responses were measured in whole blood ex vivo. we used pamps derived from microbial products recognized by toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, 5, ... | 2016 | 27019597 |
| a study of the infant nasal microbiome development over the first year of life and in relation to their primary adult caregivers using cpn60 universal target (ut) as a phylogenetic marker. | whereas the infant gut microbiome is the subject of intense study, relatively little is known regarding the nares microbiome in newborns and during early life. this study aimed to survey the typical composition and diversity of human anterior nare microflora for developing infants over time, and to explore how these correlate to their primary caregivers. single nare swabs were collected at five time points over a one-year period for each subject from infant-caregiver pairs. our study comprised o ... | 2016 | 27019455 |
| nitric oxide production inhibition and anti-mycobacterial activity of extracts and halogenated sesquiterpenes from the brazilian red alga laurencia dendroidea j. agardh. | red algae of the genus laurencia j. v. lamouroux are a rich source of secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities such as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-leishmanial, anti-helminthic, anti-malarial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-microbial as well as anti-bacterial against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2015 | 27013803 |
| sinus balloon dilation as treatment for acute sphenoid sinusitis with impaired vision for a child. | this paper is about sinus balloon dilatation in treatment of acute left sphenoid sinusitis with left impaired vision in a child. balloon catheter dilatation (bcd) of the sinus ostia is a new technique. it has been shown to be a minimally invasive technique to manage chronic sinusitis. however, this method is rarely used in the treatment of acute sinusitis. so far, we know of no reported cases of sinus balloon dilatation in treatment of this case, especially for children. | 2016 | 27006660 |
| the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis targets collagen for maximal adherence to host tissues. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and is associated with exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the first step in m. catarrhalis colonization is adherence to the mucosa, epithelial cells, and extracellular matrix (ecm). the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of m. catarrhalis interactions with collagens from various angles. clinical isolates (n= 43) were tested for collage ... | 2016 | 27006460 |
| nonencapsulated streptococcus pneumoniae: emergence and pathogenesis. | while significant protection from pneumococcal disease has been achieved by the use of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, capsule-independent protection has been limited by serotype replacement along with disease caused by nonencapsulatedstreptococcus pneumoniae(nesp). nesp strains compose approximately 3% to 19% of asymptomatic carriage isolates and harbor multiple antibiotic resistance genes. surface proteins unique to nesp enhance colonization and virulence despite ... | 2016 | 27006456 |
| cefepime shows good efficacy and no antibiotic resistance in pneumonia caused by serratia marcescens and proteus mirabilis - an observational study. | many antibiotics have no effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, which necessitates the prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that can lead to increased risk of antibiotic resistance. these pathogens constitute a further threat because they are also resistant to numerous beta-lactam antibiotics, as well as other antibiotic groups. this study retrospectively investigates antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized patients suffering from pneumonia triggered by gram-negative ... | 2016 | 27004519 |
| targeting antibiotic resistance. | finding strategies against the development of antibiotic resistance is a major global challenge for the life sciences community and for public health. the past decades have seen a dramatic worldwide increase in human-pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. more and more infections caused by resistant microorganisms fail to respond to conventional treatment, and in some cases, even last-resort antibiotics have lost their power. in addition, industry pipelines for th ... | 2016 | 27000559 |
| [the pathogenic potential of moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus epidermidis under inflammatory processes of upper respiratory tracts]. | the frequent isolation from biological material of moraxella catarrhalis under bronchitis and pneumonia and staphilococcus epidermidis under rhinitis and sinusitis requires profound investigation offactors ofpathogenicity ofthe mentioned microorganisms. the genetic and phenotypic markers of virulence of strains m. catarrhalis and s. epidermidis are examined. their etiologic role in development of infection processes of respiratory tract and middle ear is determined the most of m catarrhalis stra ... | 2015 | 26999868 |
| oxazolidinone antimicrobials: a patent review (2012-2015). | antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria is a major health care issue. this review summarizes patent publications from 2012 to 2015 that divulged novel oxazolidinones as antibacterial agents. | 2016 | 26998627 |
| formulation of thermosensitive in situ otic gel for topical management of otitis media. | antibiotics and antiinflammatory agents are the primary and main therapeutic categories in the treatment of otitis media. one of the simpler and feasible approaches of minimizing the problem of repeated use and subsequent resistance is development of sustained release formulation. therefore, the present investigation aimed to develop a sustained release in situ gel formulation containing combination of broad spectrum antibiotic and antiinflammatory agents for the management of otits media. the p ... | 2015 | 26997706 |
| community-acquired moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia: two case reports and review of the literature. | moraxella (formerly branhamella) catarrhalis was discovered at the end of the nineteenth century, and for many decades it was considered to be a harmless commensal of the upper respiratory tract. it is a gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus considered to be the third most common pathogen isolated in childhood sinusitis and otitis media and in adult chronic lower respiratory disease, as well as an etiological agent of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients or those with chronic obstructive pulmonar ... | 2016 | 26989548 |
| moraxella catarrhalis decreases antiviral innate immune responses by down-regulation of tlr3 via inhibition of p53 in human bronchial epithelial cells. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is complicated by infectious exacerbations with acute worsening of respiratory symptoms. coinfections of bacterial and viral pathogens are associated with more severe exacerbations. moraxella catarrhalis is one of the most frequent lower respiratory tract pathogens detected in copd. we therefore studied the impact of m. catarrhalis on the antiviral innate immune response that is mediated via tlr3 and p53. molecular interactions between m. catarrhalis ... | 2016 | 26979086 |
| potential use of antimicrobial peptides as vaginal spermicides/microbicides. | the concurrent increases in global population and sexually transmitted infection (sti) demand a search for agents with dual spermicidal and microbicidal properties for topical vaginal application. previous attempts to develop the surfactant spermicide, nonoxynol-9 (n-9), into a vaginal microbicide were unsuccessful largely due to its inefficiency to kill microbes. furthermore, n-9 causes damage to the vaginal epithelium, thus accelerating microbes to enter the women's body. for this reason, anti ... | 2016 | 26978373 |
| bronchiectasis as a comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | bronchiectasis revealed by chest computed tomography in copd patients and its comorbid effect on prognosis have not been addressed by large-sized studies. understanding the presence of bronchiectasis in copd is important for future intervention and preventing disease progression. | 2016 | 26978269 |
| identification and characterization of msf, a novel virulence factor in haemophilus influenzae. | haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic pathogen. the emergence of virulent, non-typeable strains (nthi) emphasizes the importance of developing new interventional targets. we screened the nthi supragenome for genes encoding surface-exposed proteins suggestive of immune evasion, identifying a large family containing sel1-like repeats (slrs). clustering identified ten slr-containing gene subfamilies, each with various numbers of slrs per gene. individual strains also had varying numbers of slr ... | 2016 | 26977929 |
| in vitro activity of delafloxacin against clinical neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and selection of gonococcal delafloxacin resistance. | we evaluated the in vitro activity of delafloxacin against a panel of 117 neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including 110 clinical isolates collected from 2012 to 2015 and seven reference strains, compared with the activities of seven antimicrobials currently or previously recommended for treatment of gonorrhea. we examined the potential for delafloxacin to select for resistant mutants in ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant n. gonorrhoeae we characterized mutations in the gyra, gy ... | 2016 | 26976873 |
| restriction-modification systems interplay causes avoidance of gatc site in prokaryotic genomes. | palindromes are frequently underrepresented in prokaryotic genomes. palindromic 5[formula: see text]-gatc-3[formula: see text] site is a recognition site of different restriction-modification (r-m) systems, as well as solitary methyltransferase dam. classical gatc-specific r-m systems methylate gatc and cleave unmethylated gatc. on the contrary, methyl-directed type ii restriction endonucleases cleave methylated gatc. methylation of gatc by dam methyltransferase is involved in the regulation of ... | 2016 | 26972562 |
| detection of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute otitis media by pcr and comparison of findings in the middle ear and nasopharynx. | we conducted a series of polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) in order to detect bacteria (7 species) and viruses (17 species) in middle ear fluid (mef) and nasopharynx (nph) of children with acute otitis media (aom; n=179). bacterial and viral nucleic acids were detected in mef of 78.8% and 14.5% patients, respectively. the prevalence was as follows: streptococcus pneumoniae, 70.4%; haemophilus influenzae, 17.9%; staphylococcus aureus, 16.8%; streptococcus pyogenes, 12.3%; moraxella catarrhalis, 9 ... | 2016 | 26971180 |
| serum cytokine biomarkers accurately predict presence of acute otitis media infection and recovery caused by haemophilus influenzae. | we sought to develop an optimal model using a combination of serum biomarker pro-inflammatory and dampening inflammatory cytokine proteins to predict the presence of acute otitis media (aom) infection and recovery caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). | 2016 | 26968077 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the natural antibodies and antibody responses against protein antigens from streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in children with community-acquired pneumonia. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are common causative agents of respiratory infections. pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been introduced recently, but their effect on the natural immunity against protein antigens from these pathogens has not been elucidated. | 2016 | 26954601 |
| predominant bacteria detected from the middle ear fluid of children experiencing otitis media: a systematic review. | otitis media (om) is amongst the most common childhood diseases and is associated with multiple microbial pathogens within the middle ear. global and temporal monitoring of predominant bacterial pathogens is important to inform new treatment strategies, vaccine development and to monitor the impact of vaccine implementation to improve progress toward global om prevention. | 2016 | 26953891 |
| discovery of a biological mechanism of active transport through the tympanic membrane to the middle ear. | otitis media (om) is a common pediatric disease for which systemic antibiotics are often prescribed. while local treatment would avoid the systemic treatment side-effects, the tympanic membrane (tm) represents an impenetrable barrier unless surgically breached. we hypothesized that the tm might harbor innate biological mechanisms that could mediate trans-tm transport. we used two m13-bacteriophage display biopanning strategies to search for mediators of trans-tm transport. first, aliquots of lin ... | 2016 | 26946957 |
| haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation in chronic otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is a highly prevalent disease in children, but the exact pathogenesis and role of bacteria are still not well understood. this study aimed to investigate the presence of otopathogenic bacteria in the middle ear effusion (mee) and adenoid of children with chronic ome (come), and to investigate in vivo whether these bacteria, especially haemophilus influenzae, are organized as a biofilm in the middle ear fluid. mee and adenoid samples were collected from 21 patient ... | 2016 | 26946303 |
| readmission for acute exacerbation within 30 days of discharge is associated with a subsequent progressive increase in mortality risk in copd patients: a long-term observational study. | twenty per cent of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients are readmitted for acute exacerbation (aecopd) within 30 days of discharge. the prognostic significance of early readmission is not fully understood. the objective of our study was to estimate the mortality risk associated with readmission for acute exacerbation within 30 days of discharge in copd patients. | 2016 | 26943928 |
| [identification of microorganisms related to chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients with variable common immunodeficiency]. | the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is 52%. the patients with cvid show higher incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis, which is an inflammatory disease that affects the lining of one or more paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. | 2016 | 26943827 |
| respiratory microbiome of new-born infants. | the respiratory tract, once believed to be sterile, harbors diverse bacterial communities. the role of microorganisms within health and disease is slowly being unraveled. evidence points to the neonatal period as a critical time for establishing stable bacterial communities and influencing immune responses important for long-term respiratory health. this review summarizes the evidence of early airway and lung bacterial colonization and the role the microbiome has on respiratory health in the sho ... | 2016 | 26942168 |
| management of acute otitis media in children six months of age and older. | acute otitis media (aom) continues to be a common infection in young children. milder disease, usually due to viruses or less virulent bacteria, resolves equally quickly with or without antibiotics. a bulging tympanic membrane, especially if yellow or hemorrhagic, has a high sensitivity for aom that is likely to be bacterial in origin and is a major diagnostic criterion for aom. perforation of the tympanic membrane with purulent discharge similarly indicates a bacterial cause. immediate antibiot ... | 2016 | 26941560 |
| does il-17 respond to the disordered lung microbiome and contribute to the neutrophilic phenotype in asthma? | th17/il-17 plays an important role in host defense and hyperimmune responses against pathogenic bacteria accompanied by the recruitment of neutrophils. th17-associated immune response is also involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, which is known as a noninfectious allergic airway disease and has been shown to be heterogeneous. th17-associated inflammation usually contributes to the neutrophilic phenotype, which is often characterized by greater severity, airflow obstruction, and steroid resista ... | 2016 | 26941484 |
| the impact of selection, gene conversion, and biased sampling on the assessment of microbial demography. | recent studies have linked demographic changes and epidemiological patterns in bacterial populations using coalescent-based approaches. we identified 26 studies using skyline plots and found that 21 inferred overall population expansion. this surprising result led us to analyze the impact of natural selection, recombination (gene conversion), and sampling biases on demographic inference using skyline plots and site frequency spectra (sfs). forward simulations based on biologically relevant param ... | 2016 | 26931140 |
| comparative genomic analyses of the moraxella catarrhalis serosensitive and seroresistant lineages demonstrate their independent evolution. | the bacterial speciesmoraxella catarrhalishas been hypothesized as being composed of two distinct lineages (referred to as the seroresistant [sr] and serosensitive [ss]) with separate evolutionary histories based on several molecular typing methods, whereas 16s ribotyping has suggested an additional split within the ss lineage. previously, we characterized whole-genome sequences of 12 sr-lineage isolates, which revealed a relatively small supragenome when compared with other opportunistic nasoph ... | 2016 | 26912404 |
| susceptibility to lower respiratory infections in childhood is associated with perturbation of the cytokine response to pathogenic airway bacteria. | neonatal colonization of the airways with respiratory pathogens is associated with increased risk of lower respiratory infections (lri) in early childhood. therefore, we hypothesized that children developing lri have an aberrant immune response to pathogenic bacteria in infancy. the objective was to characterize in vitro the early life systemic immune response to pathogenic bacteria and study the possible association with incidence of lri during the first 3 years of life. | 2016 | 26910587 |
| immunoinformatics identifies a lactoferrin binding protein a peptide as a promising vaccine with a global protective prospective against moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an established pathogen that is causing substantial infections to both children and adults. however, so far there is no effective vaccine to halt the spread of these infections. | 2016 | 26908723 |
| activity of aristolochia bracteolata against moraxella catarrhalis. | a bioassay-guided fractionation of methanol extract of aristolochia bracteolata whole plant was carried out in order to evaluate its antimicrobial activity and to identify the active compounds in this extract. antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extract against gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal strains were investigated by the agar disk diffusion method. among the strains tested, moraxella catarrhalis and sea urchin-derived bacillus sp. showed the highest sensitivity towar ... | 2014 | 26904734 |
| rapid pcr detection of mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum, and ureaplasma parvum. | objective. we compared laboratory developed real-time pcr assays for detection of mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for m. hominis and ureaplasma culture. methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for m. hominis and ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. nucleic acids were extracted using the total nucleic acid kit on the magna pure 2.0. 5 ... | 2013 | 26904723 |
| bronchodilator response in adults with bronchiectasis: correlation with clinical parameters and prognostic implications. | bronchial dilation testing is an important tool to assess airway reversibility in adults with bronchiectasis. this study aims to investigate the association of bronchodilator response (bdr) and clinical parameters in bronchiectasis, and the utility of bdr to indicate lung function decline and risks of bronchiectasis exacerbations (bes). | 2016 | 26904207 |
| peracetic acid treatment generates potent inactivated oral vaccines from a broad range of culturable bacterial species. | our mucosal surfaces are the main sites of non-vector-borne pathogen entry, as well as the main interface with our commensal microbiota. we are still only beginning to understand how mucosal adaptive immunity interacts with commensal and pathogenic microbes to influence factors such as infectivity, phenotypic diversity, and within-host evolution. this is in part due to difficulties in generating specific mucosal adaptive immune responses without disrupting the mucosal microbial ecosystem itself. ... | 2016 | 26904024 |
| comparison of serum procalcitonin in respiratory infections and bloodstream infections. | this study observed the relationship between procalcitonin (pct) and results of sputum culture, the relationship between pct and results of blood culture to evaluate and compare the value of pct in respiratory and bloodstream infections. | 2015 | 26885109 |
| the role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of bacterial pneumonia: an ecological perspective. | pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children less than 5 years old worldwide. a wide range of viral, bacterial and fungal agents can cause pneumonia: although viruses are the most common etiologic agent, the severity of clinical symptoms associated with bacterial pneumonia and increasing antibiotic resistance makes bacterial pneumonia a major public health concern. bacterial pneumonia can follow upper respiratory viral infection and complicate lower respiratory viral infection. seconda ... | 2016 | 26884414 |