Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection among blood donors in mainland china: a meta-analysis. | the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection from blood transfusion has raised increasing concern in many countries. several transfusion-transmitted cases have been described in the united kingdom and japan. the objective was to investigate the prevalence of hev infection among chinese blood donors and analyze the potential risk of hev infection through blood transfusion in china. | 2017 | 28035774 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in portuguese children. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has become a growing public health concern in industrialized countries. most of the hev seroprevalence studies have focused on adult populations and reports regarding hev seroepidemiology among children are scarce in these countries. the aims of the present work were to perform a nationwide seroprevalence study on hev infection in portuguese children and to compare the hev seropositivity in this 2015 children cohort with results in sera performed 20 years earlier. | 2016 | 28033239 |
| structure determination of a human virus by the combination of cryo-em and x-ray crystallography. | virus 3d atomic structures provide insight into our understanding of viral life cycles and the development of antiviral drugs. x-ray crystallography and cryo-em have been used to determine the atomic structure of viruses. however, limited availability of biological samples, biosafety issues due to virus infection, and sometimes inherent characteristics of viruses, pose difficulties on combining both methods in determining viral structures. these have made solving the high resolution structure of ... | 2016 | 28018964 |
| development of a vivo rabbit ligated intestinal loop model for hcmv infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections can be found throughout the body, especially in epithelial tissue. animal model was established by inoculation of hcmv (strain ad-169) or coinoculation with hepatitis e virus (hev) into the ligated sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix in living rabbits. the specimens were collected from animals sacrificed 1 and a half hours after infection. | 2016 | 27999668 |
| hev infection in french hiv-infected patients. | the reported prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies in hiv-positive patients from industrialized countries varies greatly. it is also difficult to compare these data with the anti-igg prevalence in the general population because age and sex are not matched in most studies. moreover, msm are at increased risk of viral hepatitis. | 2017 | 27998748 |
| specific memory b cell response and participation of cd4(+) central and effector memory t cells in mice immunized with liposome encapsulated recombinant ne protein based hepatitis e vaccine candidate. | liposome encapsulated neutralizing epitope protein of hepatitis e virus (hev), rnep, our hepatitis e vaccine candidate, was shown to be immunogenic and safe in pregnant and non-pregnant mice and yielded sterilizing immunity in rhesus monkeys. | 2016 | 27997340 |
| knowledge is safety: the time is ripe for hepatitis e virus blood donor screening. | 2016 | 27994530 | |
| surveillance at private laboratories identifies small outbreaks of hepatitis e in urban bangladesh. | although large outbreaks of hepatitis e are regularly identified in south asia, the majority of south asian countries lack surveillance systems for this disease, which has hindered burden of disease estimates and prioritization of resources for prevention. our study aimed to identify small hepatitis e outbreaks through a sentinel private laboratory in dhaka, bangladesh. we identified patients with detectable igm antibody against hepatitis e virus. we defined a small outbreak as at least two labo ... | 2017 | 27994104 |
| hepatitis e virus infection and hepatic gvhd in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. | 2017 | 27991886 | |
| a novel avian-like hepatitis e virus in wild aquatic bird, little egret (egretta garzetta), in hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the host species spectrum, animal to animal transmissions, the natural chain of hepevirus infections and the genetic diversity of hev in wildlife especially in birds are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a genetically divergent avian hev was serendipitously identified in wild bird in hungary. hev rna was detected with high faecal viral ... | 2016 | 27989815 |
| acute hepatitis e presenting with clinical feature of autoimmune hepatitis. | a 32-year-old immigrant man presented with new onset jaundice. his past medical history was significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. his initial laboratory finding and liver biopsy were suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis (aih). the plan was to start steroids pending negative results for viral serology, but it came back positive for hepatitis e virus. the patient's liver function test and clinical condition improved significantly on conservative management over ... | 2016 | 27987286 |
| hepatitis e virus in wild boars and spillover infection in red and roe deer, germany, 2013-2015. | to determine animal hepatitis e virus (hev) reservoirs, we analyzed serologic and molecular markers of hev infection among wild animals in germany. we detected hev genotype 3 strains in inner organs and muscle tissues of a high percentage of wild boars and a lower percentage of deer, indicating a risk for foodborne infection of humans. | 2017 | 27983488 |
| hepatitis e virus infection after platelet transfusion in an immunocompetent trauma patient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes acute liver disease, but severe infections are rare in immunocompetent patients. we describe a case of hev infection in a previously healthy male trauma patient in france who received massive transfusions. genotyping confirmed hev in a transfused platelet pool and the donor. | 2017 | 27983485 |
| hepatitis e virus: western cape, south africa. | to conduct a prospective assessment of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in the western cape province of south africa in conjunction with evaluating risk factors for exposure. | 2016 | 27956810 |
| variability in the performance characteristics of igg anti-hev assays and its impact on reliability of seroprevalence rates of hepatitis e. | hepatitis e is a major public health problem in developing countries and is increasingly being recognized as a cause of substantial sporadic viral hepatitis infections in industrialized countries. variable rates of hepatitis e seroprevalence have been reported from the same geographic regions depending on the assay used. in this study, we evaluated the performance characteristics of four assays which included two commercial assays, wantai hev-igg elisa kit (wantai, china), and ds-eia-anti-hev-g ... | 2016 | 27922197 |
| full-length genomic sequence analysis of new subtype 3k hepatitis e virus isolates with 99.97% nucleotide identity obtained from two consecutive acute hepatitis patients in a city in northeast japan. | full-length genomic sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) obtained from two consecutive cases of acute self-limiting hepatitis e in a city in northeast japan were determined. interestingly, two hev isolates from each patient shared nucleotide identity of 99.97% in 7 225 nucleotides, and a phylogenetic analysis showed that they formed a cluster of japanese isolates that is considered as a new hev subtype 3k. the high similarity of hev sequences of two isolates from these patients in this study sug ... | 2016 | 27922191 |
| assessment of the risk of foodborne transmission and burden of hepatitis e in switzerland. | the objective of this study was i) to quantify the risk of hepatitis e for swiss consumers by specified pork products and ii) to estimate the total burden of human food-borne hepatitis e in switzerland. a quantitative risk assessment from slaughter to consumption was carried out according to the codex alimentarius framework. in the hazard characterization, assumptions were made due to the lack of a dose-response relationship for oral exposure to hepatitis e virus (hev). the prevalence of hev in ... | 2017 | 27919006 |
| hepatitis e virus infection and cirrhosis of the liver. | 2016 | 27917096 | |
| hepatitis e virus: infection beyond the liver? | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are not limited to the liver but may also affect other organs. several diseases, including guillain-barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemia, pancreatitis, lymphoma, thrombopenia, meningitis, thyroiditis and myocarditis have been observed in the context of hepatitis e. to date, the definite pathophysiological links between hev and extrahepatic manifestations are not yet established. however, it is suggested that hev infection m ... | 2016 | 27913223 |
| retrospective study evaluating seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in blood donors and in swine veterinarians in italy (2004). | hepatitis e is an emerging viral disease in developed countries, with sporadic cases occasionally linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pork, wild boar or deer meat. cases due to transfusion or transplantation have also been reported. in developed countries, hepatitis e is considered a zoonosis and pig is the main reservoir. in the last few years, several studies conducted in europe reported variable seroprevalence rates among the general population, ranging between 0.26% and 52.5%. a ... | 2016 | 27911040 |
| systematic identification of hepatitis e virus orf2 interactome reveals that tmem134 engages in orf2-mediated nf-κb pathway. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis e. open reading frame 2 (orf2) encodes the capsid protein of hev, which is the main structural protein and may participate, together with the host factors, in viral entry and egress. however, it is still not clear which host proteins are involved in the interaction with orf2 and what the functions of these orf2-interacting proteins are. in this study, we have applied a split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screening approach in combina ... | 2017 | 27899274 |
| hepatitis e virus in wild boar in northwest poland: sensitivity of methods of detection. | in northwest poland, 163 blood and 53 fecal samples of wild boars were collected in winter 2012/13 and 2013/14. all blood samples were tested for the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) ribonucleic acid (rna) by two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) based methods and by anti-hev igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). about 17.2% of blood samples were seropositive. one-step nested rt-pcr turned out to be too insensitive (11.6% were positive). therefore a two-step ne ... | 2017 | 27893287 |
| a comparative study of assay performance of commercial hepatitis e virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in australian blood donor samples. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is transfusion-transmissible and therefore poses a risk to blood transfusion safety. seroprevalence studies are useful for estimating disease burden and determining risk factors. considerable variability in the sensitivity of hev antibody detection assays exists. this study aimed to compare the performances of commercially available hev enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) in australian blood donor samples. plasma samples that tested positive (n = 194) or negative ( ... | 2016 | 27891290 |
| evidence of genotypes 1 and 3 of avian hepatitis e virus in wild birds. | although the presence of four genotypes of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) in chickens has been demonstrated, its natural host range is still barely known. in this study, swab samples from 626 wild birds originating from 62 bird species were investigated for hev detection by molecular methods. the aim was to explore the cross-species infection of avian hev and to compare the genetic diversity between strains infecting chicken and wild birds. in total, 8 positive samples from 4 different bird speci ... | 2017 | 27890632 |
| hepatitis e virus seroepidemiology: a post-earthquake study among blood donors in nepal. | as one of the causative agents of viral hepatitis, hepatitis e virus (hev) has gained public health attention globally. hev epidemics occur in developing countries, associated with faecal contamination of water and poor sanitation. in industrialised nations, hev infections are associated with travel to countries endemic for hev, however, autochthonous infections, mainly through zoonotic transmission, are increasingly being reported. hev can also be transmitted by blood transfusion. nepal has exp ... | 2016 | 27887586 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in patients on dialysis and in solid organ transplant recipients in argentina: exploring associated risk factors. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) leads to acute hepatitis infection in immunocompetent hosts. hev genotype 3 can present with high frequency and lead to chronic infection in individuals with a compromised immune system. the risk factors related to increased seroprevalence or chronicity in this population are not entirely understood. moreover, most studies addressing risk factors for hev in non-endemic areas come from developed areas such as north america and europe. in this study we evalua ... | 2017 | 27885564 |
| a novel avian-like hepatitis e virus in wild aquatic bird, little egret (egretta garzetta), in hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the host species spectrum, animal to animal transmissions, the natural chain of hepevirus infections and the genetic diversity of hev in wildlife especially in birds are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a genetically divergent avian hev was serendipitously identified in wild bird in hungary. hev rna was detected with high faecal viral ... | 2016 | 27876615 |
| seroprevalence of avian hepatitis e virus and avian leucosis virus subgroup j in chicken flocks with hepatitis syndrome, china. | from 2014 to 2015 in china, many broiler breeder and layer hen flocks exhibited a decrease in egg production and some chickens developed hepatitis syndrome including hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage. avian hepatitis e virus (hev) and avian leucosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) both cause decreasing in egg production, hepatomegaly and hepatic hemorrhage in broiler breeder and layer hens. in the study, the seroprevalence of avian hev and alv-j in these flocks emerging the disease from sha ... | 2016 | 27876045 |
| new hepatitis e virus genotype in bactrian camels, xinjiang, china, 2013. | 2016 | 27869607 | |
| hepatitis e virus in yellow cattle, shandong, eastern china. | 0 | 27869603 | |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection in patients with acute liver failure in china: not quite an uncommon cause. | 2016 | 27862123 | |
| neuralgic amyotrophy associated with hepatitis e virus infection: first case in the united states. | hepatitis e is an emerging viral infection in developed countries. it can present with multiple extra-hepatic manifestations, including neuralgic amyotrophy. we report a 52-year-old man who presented with neck and shoulder pain followed by orthopnea and left arm weakness. electrodiagnostic testing showed left phrenic neuropathy and denervation in bilateral c5 and c6 myotomes. he also had elevated liver enzymes, which led to the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e. this is the first case of neuralgic ... | 2016 | 27861224 |
| hepatitis e virus (genotype 3) in slurry samples from swine farming activities in italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emergent causative agent of acute hepatitis, transmitted by fecal-oral route. infection with hev is a global cause for morbidity and mortality throughout the world: it mainly causes large outbreaks in endemic areas and sporadic autochthonous cases in industrialized countries where hev infections seem to be an emergent zoonotic disease. infection of porcine livestock and its relationship with the human cases have been demonstrated. the present study describes an inve ... | 2016 | 27853931 |
| hepatitis e virus: emerging from the shadows in developed countries. | following the discovery of hev in the 1980s, it became apparent that hev is endemic in a number of developing countries in asia, africa and mexico. in these geographical settings hev is spread oral faecally by hev genotypes (gt) 1 and 2, which are obligate human pathogens. infection occurs oro-faecally, often as a result in the breakdown of fragile sanitary infrastructure allowing drinking water supplies to become contaminated with human sewage. hepatitis e usually causes a self-limiting hepatit ... | 2016 | 27843081 |
| persistence of antibodies acquired by natural hepatitis e virus infection and effects of vaccination. | naturally acquired anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) immunity can protect against new hev infections. the aim of this study was to analyse the persistence of naturally acquired anti-hev immunoglobulin (ig) g and anti-hev igg concentrations after vaccination. | 2016 | 27836809 |
| exacerbation of hepatitis e virus infection during anti-tnfα treatment. | chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection may occur in immunocompromised patients. previous studies report that different immunosuppressive agents interfere with viral replication. however, the role of tnfα in hev infection is currently unknown. here, we describe a case of severe exacerbation of a chronic hev infection in a patient undergoing treatment with a tnfα-inhibitor for psoriatic arthritis despite potent anti-hev t-cell responses. we used state-of-the-art hev cell culture methods to test ... | 2017 | 27836355 |
| investigation of liver dysfunction: who should we test for hepatitis e? | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in developed countries, but unrecognized infection is common. many national guidelines now recommend hev testing in patients with acute hepatitis irrespective of travel history. the biochemical definition of 'hepatitis' that best predicts hev infection has not been established. this study aimed to determine parameters of liver biochemistry that should prompt testing for acute hev. | 2017 | 27832041 |
| acute hepatitis e: two sides of the same coin. | the relevance of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infections has been underestimated for a long time. in the past, hev infection had been interpreted falsely as a disease limited to the tropics until the relevance of autochthonous hev infections in the western world became overt. due to increased awareness, the incidence of diagnosed autochthonous hev infections (predominantly genotype 3) in industrialized countries has risen within the last decade. the main source of infections in industrialized c ... | 2016 | 27827877 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus differs in dutch and first generation migrant populations in amsterdam, the netherlands: a cross-sectional study. | in the last decade hepatitis e virus (hev) is increasingly recognized as a cause of acute viral hepatitis in developed countries. hev is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. in countries like the netherlands, hev infection is suspected to be a zoonosis but hev may also be introduced by migrants. we studied the seroprevalence of hev among different migrants, mainly moroccans and turks, and compared this to that of the native dutch population in amsterdam, the netherlands. | 2016 | 27825308 |
| hepatitis e virus and guillain-barré syndrome. | 2017 | 27820625 | |
| diagnostic challenges and clinical characteristics of hepatitis e virus-associated guillain-barré syndrome. | hepatitis e virus (hev) recently has been shown to be an antecedent infection in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), but the clinical spectrum of hev-associated gbs is not yet documented, and diagnosing acute hev infection can be a challenge. | 2017 | 27820624 |
| the effect of phylogenetic signal reduction on genotyping of hepatitis e viruses of the species orthohepevirus a. | commonly, hepatitis e virus (hev) sequences are genotyped phylogenetically using subgenomic sequences. this paper examines this practice with sequences from members of the species orthohepevirus a. as the length of sequences becomes progressively shorter, the number of identical sequences in an alignment tends to increase; however, these sequences retain their genotypic identity down to 100 nucleotides in length. the best substitution models tend to become less parameterized, bootstrap support d ... | 2017 | 27817109 |
| 2016 | 27805857 | ||
| hemoglobin during ribavirin-based hcv therapy is closely related to circulating levels of dhea. | ribavirin-induced anemia is the major side effect observed during hcv therapy. in an in vitro study, we recently discovered that dhea can strongly inhibit this adverse event. we also evaluated a possible link between pre-treatment serum dhea and hemoglobin during hcv therapy. among the 108 patients of our cohort serum baseline dhea levels were associated with hemoglobin levels at week 12 of treatment (r = 0.35; p = 0.0021). patients with low baseline serum dhea developed severe anemia. a serum l ... | 2016 | 27805268 |
| detection and molecular characterisation of swine hepatitis e virus in brescia province, italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important public health concern in many developing countries and it occurs in sporadic forms in industrialized areas. with the discovery of swine hev in pigs, which is genetically closely related to human hev, hepatitis e is considered to be a zoonotic disease. to investigate the circulation of hev within a distinct area of lombardy region (northern italy), 17 pig farms were subjected to monitoring study by collection of fresh stool samples each represented by groun ... | 2015 | 27800394 |
| binding preference of anti-hev antibodies in sera collected in algeria for antigens derived from hev genotype 1. | two hepatitis e virus (hev) outbreaks occurred in algeria (1979 - 1980 and 1987 - 1988). however, to date, no study on the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies has been conducted in algeria, and the genotype of the circulating strains remains unclear. | 2016 | 27795723 |
| epizootiological study of rodent-borne hepatitis e virus hev-c1 in small mammals in hanoi, vietnam. | there is concern about the zoonotic potential of rodent-borne hepatitis e virus, designated as hev-c1. however, epizootiological information about hev-c1 is limited. to address this issue, serum samples from 443 small mammals captured at 5 sites in hanoi, vietnam, were examined for anti-hev-c1 igg antibodies. in addition, livers of seropositive animals were examined for viral rna. anti-hev-c1 antibodies were detected in 57 (12.9%) of the 443 serum samples. seropositive animals were found in all ... | 2017 | 27795461 |
| real-time stability of a hepatitis e vaccine (hecolin®) demonstrated with potency assays and multifaceted physicochemical methods. | the first prophylactic vaccine against hepatitis e virus (hev), hecolin®, was licensed in china. recombinant p239 virus-like particle (vlp) is its active component with dimeric protein as the basic building block harboring the immuno dominant and neutralizing epitopes. the real time and real condition stability of the prefilled syringes for the vaccine was demonstrated using both in vivo mouse potency and in vitro antigenicity assays. a total of 12 lots of hecolin® were assessed with a set of as ... | 2016 | 27793484 |
| red blood cell transfusion-transmitted acute hepatitis e in an immunocompetent subject in europe: a case report. | acute hepatitis e in industrialized countries is usually related to intake or manipulation of undercooked or raw meat. cases of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e have rarely been documented in immunosuppressed patients, mainly after receiving frozen plasma. | 2017 | 27785789 |
| seroepidemiology of hev and hav in two populations with different socio-economic levels and hygienic/sanitary conditions. | the epidemiological scenarios of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections have changed in the last few decades, but precise epidemiological data on the prevalence of anti-hev and anti-hav, alone or in combination, in the general population are scanty. we investigated hev and hav seroprevalence comparing two population samples living in northern (abbiategrasso, milan) and southern italy (cittanova, reggio calabria), the latter being characterized by a poorer socio-economic l ... | 2017 | 27785638 |
| inactivation of viruses and bacteriophages as models for swine hepatitis e virus in food matrices. | hepatitis e virus has been recognised as a food-borne virus hazard in pork products, due to its zoonotic properties. this risk can be reduced by adequate treatment of the food to inactivate food-borne viruses. we used a spectrum of viruses and bacteriophages to evaluate the effect of three food treatments: high pressure processing (hpp), lactic acid (la) and intense light pulse (ilp) treatments. on swine liver at 400 mpa for 10 min, hpp gave log10 reductions of ≥4.2, ≥5.0 and 3.4 for feline cali ... | 2017 | 27783334 |
| a single lineage of hepatitis e virus causes both outbreaks and sporadic hepatitis in sudan. | few studies have reported sporadic hepatitis e virus (hev) infections during non-outbreak periods in africa. in this study, the prevalence of hev infection in sudan was investigated in 432 patients with acute hepatitis from 12 localities in north kordofan, and from 152 patients involved in smaller outbreaks of hepatitis in the neighbouring darfur. hev infection was diagnosed in 147 (25%) patients: 98 from kordofan and 49 from darfur. the mortality was 10%; six of the patients who died from the i ... | 2016 | 27782061 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e in pregnant women and children in iran: a general overview. | from an epidemiological point of view, hepatitis e is an old infection in iran, but only recently has its importance as a public health concern been considered from research and public health standpoints. as such, there is still a long road ahead to clarify the real burden of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in iran. according to the available epidemiological studies, the seroprevalence of hev infection among pregnant women is between 3.6% and 7.4%, and among iranian children is between 0.9% to ... | 2016 | 27777896 |
| cutthroat trout virus-towards a virus model to support hepatitis e research. | cutthroat trout virus (ctv) is a non-pathogenic fish virus belonging to the hepeviridae family, and it is distantly related to hepatitis e virus (hev). here, we report the development of an efficient cell culture system where ctv can consistently replicate to titers never observed before with a hepevirus. by using the rainbow trout gill (rtgill-w1) cell line, ctv reaches 10(10) geq/ml intracellularly and 10⁸ geq/ml extracellularly within 5-6 days in culture. we additionally established a qpcr sy ... | 2016 | 27775612 |
| evidence of hepatitis e virus transmission by renal graft. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can cause chronic infection among immunocompromised patients, especially solid organ transplant recipients, and can evolve to cirrhosis. several modes of transmission are known. here we describe the first two cases, to our knowledge, of hev infection transmitted by a kidney graft from the same infected donor that led to chronic hepatitis. consequently, systematic screening of donors by hev serology and hev rna detection by polymerase chain reaction, particularly in endemi ... | 2017 | 27775205 |
| a novel astrovirus-like rna virus detected in human stool. | several novel clades of astroviruses have recently been identified in human faecal samples. here, we describe a novel astrovirus-like rna virus detected in human stools, which we have tentatively named bastrovirus. the genome of this novel virus consists of 6,300 nucleotides organized in three open reading frames. several sequence divergent strains were detected sharing 67-93 per cent nucleotide identity. bastrovirus encodes a putative structural protein that is homologous to the capsid protein ... | 2016 | 27774298 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in workers occupationally exposed to swine in portugal. | the concept of zoonotic hepatitis e in industrialized countries has emerged with the discovery of swine strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3, closely related to human hev. different routes of zoonotic hev transmission have been recognized, including contact with infected pigs. workers occupationally exposed to swine (woes) have been considered a risk group for hev infection, but contradictory results have been reported. in the present study, we searched for anti-hev igg in woes (butcher ... | 2017 | 27770276 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in patients with acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in central brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has a worldwide distribution and represents an important cause of acute hepatitis. this study aims to investigate the occurrence of hev infection and factors associated with this infection in patients with acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in central brazil. from april 2012 to october 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 379 patients with acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in the city of goiania, central brazil. serum samples of all patients were ... | 2016 | 27759769 |
| mutagenic effects of ribavirin on hepatitis e virus-viral extinction versus selection of fitness-enhancing mutations. | hepatitis e virus (hev), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. to date, hev infections can only be treated with ribavirin (rbv). major drawbacks of this therapy are that rbv is not approved for administration to pregnant women and that the virus can acquire mutations, which render the intra-host population less sensitive or even resistant to rbv. one of the proposed modes of action of rbv is a direc ... | 2016 | 27754363 |
| [hepatitis e and pregnancy]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among pregnant women is severe, often leading to fulminant hepatic failure and death, with mortality rates up to 15-25%. studies suggest that differences in genotypes/subgenotypes, hormonal and immunological changes during pregnancy may contribute to the severe consequences for pregnant women with hev. although the increased mortality among pregnant women predominantly is seen in developing countries where genotype 1 is endemic, there are also large differences ... | 2016 | 27745581 |
| treatment of hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are the most common cause of acute hepatitis, but they can also take a chronic course. there is no specific therapy for acute hepatitis, and current treatment is supportive. choosing ribavirin as the first-line therapy for chronic hev is advisable, especially in solid organ transplant patients. pegylated interferon-α has been used successfully for treatment of hepatitis e but is associated with major side effects. cholestasis is one of the most common, but deva ... | 2016 | 27738987 |
| laboratory diagnosis of hev infection. | serological and nucleic acid tests for detecting hepatitis e virus (hev) have been developed for both epidemiologic and diagnostic purposes. the laboratory diagnosis of hev infection depends on the detection of hev antigen, hev rna, and serum antibodies against hev (immunoglobulin [ig]a, igm, and igg). anti-hev igm antibodies can be detected during the acute phase of the illness and can last approximately 4 or 5 months, representing recent exposure, whereas anti-hev igg antibodies can last more ... | 2016 | 27738986 |
| animal models for hepatitis e virus. | animal models are one of the most important tools in the study of human hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. they are particularly important in light of the major limitations of the cell culture system for hev. besides nonhuman primates, which are extremely valuable because of their susceptibility to hev genotypes 1-4, animals like swine, rabbit, and chicken are also potential models for studies of pathogenesis, cross-species infection, and the molecular biology of hev. identification of the most ... | 2016 | 27738984 |
| immunobiology and host response to hev. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute self-limiting hepatitis in most cases and chronic infection in rare circumstances. it is believed to be noncytopathic, so immunologically mediated events should play important roles in its pathogenesis and infection outcomes. the anti-hev antibody response was clarified when the major antigenic determinants on the orf2 polypeptide were determined, which are located in its c-terminal portion. this subregion also forms the conformational neutralization epitopes ... | 2016 | 27738982 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus. | transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) occurs predominantly by the fecal-oral route. large epidemics of hepatitis e in the developing countries of asia and africa are waterborne and spread through contaminated drinking water. the reservoir of hev in developed countries is believed to be in animals with zoonotic transmission to humans, possibly through direct contact or the consumption of undercooked contaminated meat. hev transmission through blood and vertical transmission have also been repor ... | 2016 | 27738981 |
| genetic evolution of hepatitis e virus. | comparative analysis of the genomic sequences of multiple hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates has revealed extensive genomic diversity among them. recently, a variety of genetically distinct hev variants have also been isolated and identified from large numbers of animal species, including birds, rabbits, rats, ferrets, bats, cutthroat trout, and camels, among others. furthermore, it has been reported that recombination in hev genomes takes place in animals and in human patients. also, chronic hev ... | 2016 | 27738980 |
| hepatitis e as a zoonosis. | hepatitis e (he) virus infection is not limited to spread from human to human but also occurs between animals and more importantly as zoonotic spread from animals to humans. genotyping of strains from hepatitis e virus-infected patients has revealed that these infections are not all caused by genotypes 1 or 2 but often by genotypes 3 or 4. therefore, it is important to understand the striking difference between the spread of genotypes 1 and 2 in countries with poor sanitary standards and the spr ... | 2016 | 27738979 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is globally prevalent with relatively high percentages of anti-hev immunoglobulin g-positive individuals in the populations of developing and developed countries. there are two distinct epidemiologic patterns of hepatitis e. in areas with high disease endemicity, primarily developing countries in asia and africa, this disease is caused mainly by genotype 1 or 2 hev, both of which transmit predominantly through contaminated water and occur as either outbreaks or as sporadi ... | 2016 | 27738978 |
| characteristics and functions of hev proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a non-enveloped virus containing a single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome of 7.2 kb, which consists of a 5' noncoding region, three open reading frames (orfs), and a 3' noncoding region. orf1 is diverse between genotypes and encodes the nonstructural proteins, which include the enzymes needed for virus replication. in addition to its role in virus replication, the function of orf1 is relevant to viral adaption in cultured cells and may also relate to virus infectio ... | 2016 | 27738977 |
| hepatitis e virus. | since the sequence of hepatitis e virus (hev) was determined from a patient with enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in 1989, similar sequences have been isolated from many different animals, including pigs, wild boars, deer, rabbits, bats, rats, chicken, and trout. all of these sequences have the same genomic organization, which contains open reading frames (orfs) 1, 2, and 3, although their genomic sequences are variable. some have proposed that they be classified as new family, hep ... | 2016 | 27738976 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in children in the province of van, turkey. | hepatitis e virus is an etiological agent of hepatitis which is transmitted enterically and may lead to water-born outbreaks. although it is mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route, it is estimated that many cases are associated with zoonotic transmission in developing countries. in this study, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis e in the childhood age group in the province of van and to demonstrate the relationship between seroprevalence and demographic properties, reside ... | 2016 | 27738399 |
| ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus and a significant etiological agent of hepatitis, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks globally. tracing the evolutionary ancestry of hev has proved difficult since its identification in 1992, it has been reclassified several times, and confusion remains surrounding its origins and ancestry. | 2016 | 27733122 |
| ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus and a significant etiological agent of hepatitis, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks globally. tracing the evolutionary ancestry of hev has proved difficult since its identification in 1992, it has been reclassified several times, and confusion remains surrounding its origins and ancestry. | 2016 | 27733122 |
| simple and specific method for detection of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in mammalian species. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, a food- and water-borne disease. in developed countries, consumption of meats from pigs, wild boars and deer is a major source of infection. although hev and hev-related viruses have been detected in many animal species, their zoonotic potential and prevalence has not been completely understood. to detect anti-hev antibody in mammalian species, a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was established using extract from cell ... | 2016 | 27732880 |
| emerging foodborne and agriculture-related viruses. | viruses rapidly evolve and can emerge in unpredictable ways. transmission pathways by which foodborne viruses may enter human populations and evolutionary mechanisms by which viruses can become virulent are discussed in this chapter. a majority of viruses emerge from zoonotic animal reservoirs, often by adapting and infecting intermediate hosts, such as domestic animals and livestock. viruses that are known foodborne threats include hepatitis e virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, enteroviruses ... | 2016 | 27726774 |
| chronic hepatitis e infection in a persistently immunosuppressed patient unable to be eliminated after ribavirin therapy. | recent case reports have shown that hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can cause chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients. a 37-year-old woman suffered from prolonged elevation of aminotransferases after chemotherapy for burkitt's lymphoma and was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis e due to a transfusion during chemotherapy. after an 8-month administration of ribavirin, complete hev clearance was not achieved, likely due to prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia. this case indic ... | 2017 | 27725541 |
| risk profile of hepatitis e virus from pigs or pork in canada. | the role and importance of pigs and pork as sources of zoonotic hepatitis e virus (hev) has been debated in canada and abroad for over 20 years. to further investigate this question, we compiled data to populate a risk profile for hev in pigs or pork in canada. we organized the risk profile (rp) using the headings prescribed for a foodborne microbial risk assessment and used research synthesis methods and inputs wherever possible in populating the fields of this rp. a scoping review of potential ... | 2016 | 27718330 |
| no evidence for zoonotic hepatitis e virus infection through dairy milk in germany. | 2017 | 27718279 | |
| virological quality of irrigation water in leafy green vegetables and berry fruits production chains. | this study condenses data acquired during investigations of the virological quality of irrigation water used in production of fresh produce. one hundred and eight samples of irrigation water were collected from five berry fruit farms in finland (1), the czech republic (1), serbia (2), and poland (1), and sixty-one samples were collected from three leafy green vegetable farms in poland, serbia, and greece. samples were analyzed for index viruses of human or animal fecal contamination (human and p ... | 2017 | 27709435 |
| zoonotic hepatitis e virus: classification, animal reservoirs and transmission routes. | during the past ten years, several new hepatitis e viruses (hevs) have been identified in various animal species. in parallel, the number of reports of autochthonous hepatitis e in western countries has increased as well, raising the question of what role these possible animal reservoirs play in human infections. the aim of this review is to present the recent discoveries of animal hevs and their classification within the hepeviridae family, their zoonotic and species barrier crossing potential, a ... | 2016 | 27706110 |
| sofosbuvir shows antiviral activity in a patient with chronic hepatitis e virus infection. | 2017 | 27702641 | |
| time course of hepatitis e-specific antibodies in adults. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is highly endemic in industrialized countries, but there is a lack of knowledge on individual and overall antibody concentration dynamics. the aim of this study was to characterize longitudinal concentration changes of anti-hev immunoglobulin g (anti-hev igg) by enzyme immunoassay (eia). in total, 199 serum samples collected from 45 subjects over 18 years were analysed. a wide range of anti-hev igg levels was found. overall, anti-hev igg significantly decreased after an o ... | 2017 | 27699946 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | background hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of common causes of viral hepatitis worldwide with higher prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions. although epidemics of hev have been reported from iran, there are variable reports of this infection out of epidemics from different parts of iran. this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hev in iran. methods in this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched pubmed, scopus, science direct, google scholar, scientific information data ... | 2016 | 27698968 |
| enhanced replication of hepatitis e virus strain 47832c in an a549-derived subclonal cell line. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with increasing importance. the lack of efficient cell culture systems hampers systematic studies on its replication cycle, virus neutralization and inactivation. here, several cell lines were inoculated with the hev genotype 3c strain 47832c, previously isolated from a chronically infected transplant patient. at 14 days after inoculation the highest hev genome copy numbers were found in a549 cells, followed by plc/prf/5 cells, whereas hepg2/c3a, huh-7 ... | 2016 | 27690085 |
| incidence and characteristics of hepatitis e virus infection in children in assiut, upper egypt. | objective to describe the characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a cohort of children from upper egypt using data from a large multicentre prospective study of acute viral hepatitis (avh). methods data from subjects aged 2-18 years with avh or close contacts of those with avh found to have asymptomatic avh were included in the analysis. information concerning medical history, clinical examination, liver function tests and screening for hepatotropic viruses was recorded and analy ... | 2016 | 27688687 |
| [infectious and neoplasic complications after kidney transplantation]. | infections and malignancies are the expected complications of immunosuppressive therapy, which non-specifically impairs cellular and humoral immune responses in renal transplant recipients. infections were usually frequent and severe during the early post-transplant period (first year). recent diagnostic methods (molecular biology) and availability of new antivirals, antifungal and antibiotic drugs made rapid diagnosis and systematic preventive strategies much easier and this resulted in a signi ... | 2016 | 27686031 |
| pathogenic escherichia coli and enteric viruses in biosolids and related top soil improvers in italy. | to investigate the presence of genomic traits associated with a set of enteric viruses as well as pathogenic escherichia coli in top soil improvers (tsi) from italy. | 2017 | 27684893 |
| hepatitis e in norway: seroprevalence in humans and swine. | in norway, no published data on seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in humans and swine exists. serum samples from blood donors, veterinarians, swine farm workers and swine were analysed by elisa to estimate the seroprevalence of hev in norway and to investigate the association between direct contact with swine and hev seroprevalence in humans. the seroprevalence of hev igg antibodies was 30% (24/79) in farm workers, 13% (21/163) in veterinarians, 14% (162/1200) in blood donors and 90% (13 ... | 2017 | 27671461 |
| hepatitis e virus rna in australian blood donations. | hepatitis e virus (hev) poses a risk to transfusion safety. in australia, locally acquired hev is rare and cases are mainly reported in travelers returning from countries endemic for hev. the risk posed by hev to transfusion safety in australia is unknown; therefore, we aimed to measure the rate of current hev infection in australian blood donations. | 2016 | 27667133 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among farmers, veterinarians and control subjects in jilin province, shandong province and inner mongolia autonomous region, china. | china is commonly considered to be a hev-endemic region but limited epidemiological data for hev among farmers and veterinarians are available. thus, a case-control study was carried out to detect the seroprevalence and assess potential risk factors associated with the acquisition of hev infection by farmers and veterinarians in china from july 2013 to may 2015. three hundred veterinarians and 600 farmers recruited from jilin province, shandong province, and inner mongolia autonomous region and ... | 2017 | 27664799 |
| preparation and evaluation of ms2 bacteriophage-like particles packaging hepatitis e virus rna. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the pathogen causing hepatitis e (he). it arouses global public health concern since it is a zoonotic disease. the objective of this letter is to report a cost-effective internal control prepared for monitoring procedures of hev reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr detection. a selected conserved hev rna fragment was integrated into the downstream of the truncated ms2 bacteriophage genome based on armored rna technology. the resulting ms2-hev gene harbored by the pet-28b-ms2 ... | 2016 | 27664054 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus in developing countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev), an rna virus of the hepeviridae family, has marked heterogeneity. while all five hev genotypes can cause human infections, genotypes hev-1 and -2 infect humans alone, genotypes hev-3 and -4 primarily infect pigs, boars and deer, and genotype hev-7 primarily infects dromedaries. the global distribution of hev has distinct epidemiological patterns based on ecology and socioeconomic factors. in resource-poor countries, disease presents as large-scale waterborne epidemics, a ... | 2016 | 27657112 |
| markers for ongoing or previous hepatitis e virus infection are as common in wild ungulates as in humans in sweden. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with zoonotic spread, infecting both domestic and wild animals. about 17% of the swedish population is immune to hev, but few cases are reported annually, indicating that most infections are subclinical. however, clinical hepatitis e may also be overlooked. for identified cases, the source of infection is mostly unknown. in order to identify whether hev may be spread from wild game, the prevalence of markers for past and/or ongoing infection was invest ... | 2016 | 27657108 |
| molecular biology and infection of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a viral pathogen transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route. in humans, hev mainly causes acute hepatitis and is responsible for large outbreaks of hepatitis across the world. the case fatality rate of hev-induced hepatitis ranges from 0.5 to 3% in young adults and up to 30% in infected pregnant women. hev strains infecting humans are classified into four genotypes. hev strains from genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, whereas those from genotypes 1 and 2 have no known anim ... | 2016 | 27656178 |
| recent advancements in combination subunit vaccine development. | viral structural proteins share a common nature of homotypic interactions that drive viral capsid formation. this natural process has been mimicked in vitro through recombinant technology to generate various virus-like particles (vlps) and small subviral particles that exhibit similar structural and antigenic properties of their authentic viruses. therefore, such self-assembled, polyvalent, and highly immunogenic vlps and small subviral particles are excellent subunit vaccines against individual ... | 2017 | 27649319 |
| transcriptome analysis of hepg2 cells expressing orf3 from swine hepatitis e virus to determine the effects of orf3 on host cells. | hepatitis e virus- (hev-) mediated hepatitis has become a global public health problem. an important regulatory protein of hev, orf3, influences multiple signal pathways in host cells. in this study, to investigate the function of orf3 from the swine form of hev (shev), high-throughput rna-seq-based screening was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in orf3-expressing hepg2 cells. the results were validated with quantitative real-time pcr and gene ontology was employed to ass ... | 2016 | 27648443 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) in goats. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 also occur in animals and are recognized as zoonotic pathogens. in this study, by screening goat faecal samples collected from six small farms located in the province of teramo (abruzzo region, italy), hev rna was found with an overall prevalence of 9.2% (11/119). upon sequence analysis of a 0.8kb portion of the orf2 gene, four strains were grouped with ani ... | 2016 | 27647265 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against the orf3 protein of rat hepatitis e virus (hev) and demonstration of the incorporation of the orf3 protein into enveloped rat hev particles. | eight murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the c-terminal 15-amino-acid portion of the orf3 protein of rat hepatitis e virus (rathev) were produced and characterized. immunofluorescence assays using the anti-rathev orf3 mabs revealed the accumulation of orf3 protein in the cytoplasm of plc/prf/5 cells transfected with orf3-expressing plasmids or inoculated with cell-culture-generated rathev strains. anti-orf3 mabs could capture rathev particles in cult ... | 2016 | 27638774 |
| first directly sequenced genome of hepatitis e virus from the serum of a patient from the united kingdom. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is endemic in the united kingdom but the complete sequence of hev, generated directly from a clinical sample, is lacking. we report a near full-length genome sequence of genotype 3 hev from the serum of a patient with acute hepatitis. | 2016 | 27634993 |
| characterization of the specificity, functionality, and durability of host t-cell responses against the full-length hepatitis e virus. | the interplay between host antiviral immunity and immunopathology during hepatitis e virus (hev) infection determines important clinical outcomes. we characterized the specificity, functionality, and durability of host t-cell responses against the full-length hev virus and assessed a novel "quantiferon" assay for the rapid diagnosis of hev infection. eighty-nine volunteers were recruited from oxford, truro (uk), and toulouse (france), including 44 immune-competent patients with acute hev infecti ... | 2016 | 27631819 |