Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| examining the role of niemann-pick c1 protein in the permissiveness of aedes mosquitoes to filoviruses. | aedes mosquitoes vector many viruses with divergent characteristics, yet the criteria needed for a virus to be vectored by an arthropod remain unknown. the intracellular cholesterol transporter protein niemann-pick c1 (npc1) has been identified as the necessary entry receptor for filoviruses such as ebola and marburg viruses. while homologues of npc1 are observed in mosquitoes, currently no filovirus has been identified as circulating in mosquitoes. this work aimed at increasing the understandin ... | 2020 | 32609483 |
| cataract management in ebola virus disease survivors: clinical and scientific implications. | "the evict study was the first study to demonstrate a step-wise approach on how to safely screen evd survivors for cataract surgery, providing evidence that vision restoration though surgical management was safe and feasible in this cohort of evd survivors". | 2019 | 32601524 |
| [virus specific antibody - based remedies for the urgent prevention and treatment of ebola virus disease]. | the ebola virus (member of ebolavirus genus filoviridae family) is the etiologic agent of extremely hazard human disease with high mortality rates (up to 90%). the most important components of spectrum of therapeutics for special prophylactic and current of disease, caused by ebola virus, are prepares, based on virus specific antibodies (convalescent's plasma, geterologic immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies. the use of different class therapeutics, based on virus specific antibodies, the poss ... | 2019 | 32598619 |
| pregnancy and breastfeeding in the context of ebola: a systematic review. | the outbreaks of ebola virus between 2014 and 2020 have drawn attention to knowledge gaps related to ebola virus disease in pregnant women. the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate available data on pregnant and lactating women with acute ebola virus disease or following recovery. we searched medline, embase, cochrane library (central), web of science core collection, cinahl, popline, global health, and who global index medicus, in addition to grey literature, for relevant articles. ... | 2020 | 32595045 |
| evaluating case definitions for ebola virus disease. | 2020 | 32593319 | |
| clinical and epidemiological performance of who ebola case definitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | ebola virus disease case definition is a crucial surveillance tool to detect suspected cases for referral and as a screening tool for clinicians to support admission and laboratory testing decisions at ebola health facilities. we aimed to assess the performance of the who ebola virus disease case definitions and other screening scores. | 2020 | 32593318 |
| persistence of bacteriophage phi 6 on porous and nonporous surfaces and the potential for its use as an ebola virus or coronavirus surrogate. | the infection of health care workers during the 2013 to 2016 ebola outbreak raised concerns about fomite transmission. in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, investigations are ongoing to determine the role of fomites in coronavirus transmission as well. the bacteriophage phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human enveloped viruses. the persistence of phi 6 was evaluated as a surrogate for ebola virus (ebov) ... | 2020 | 32591388 |
| what is the impact of the ebola virus disease outbreak on cancer management in guinea? | to assess the impact of the ebola virus disease outbreak (evdo) on cancer management at the surgical oncology unit of donka national hospital. | 2020 | 32589461 |
| addressing challenges for clinical research responses to emerging epidemics and pandemics: a scoping review. | major infectious disease outbreaks are a constant threat to human health. clinical research responses to outbreaks generate evidence to improve outcomes and outbreak control. experiences from previous epidemics have identified multiple challenges to undertaking timely clinical research responses. this scoping review is a systematic appraisal of political, economic, administrative, regulatory, logistical, ethical and social (pearles) challenges to clinical research responses to emergency epidemic ... | 2020 | 32586391 |
| surveillance system assessment in guinea: training needed to strengthen data quality and analysis, 2016. | the 2014-2016 ebola virus disease outbreak revealed the fragility of the guinean public health infrastructure. as a result, the guinean ministry of health is collaborating with international partners to improve compliance with the international health regulations and work toward the global health security agenda goals, including enhanced case- and community-based disease surveillance. we assessed the case-based disease surveillance system during october 1, 2015-march 31, 2016, in the boffa prefe ... | 2020 | 32584846 |
| assessing the contributions of inactivation, removal, and transfer of ebola virus and vesicular stomatitis virus by disinfectant pre-soaked wipes. | disinfectant pre-soaked wipes (dpw) containing activated hydrogen peroxide (ahp) or quaternary ammonium compounds (qac) were tested using astm e2967-15 to determine removal, transfer, and inactivation of ebola virus makona variant (ebov/mak) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) from contaminated stainless steel prototypic environmental surfaces. the infectious virus-contaminated carriers were subjected to wiping in the wiperator per the standard. following the use of negative control (j-cloth)-, ... | 2020 | 32582604 |
| coronavirus disease 2019-covid-19. | summaryin recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including ebola virus, zika virus, nipah virus, and coronaviruses (covs). recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in wuhan city, china, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced covs, suggesting a novel cov strain (2019-ncov), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome cov-2 (sars-cov-2). although coronavirus disease 2 ... | 2020 | 32580969 |
| how villagers in central sierra leone understand infection risks under threat of covid-19. | concern has been expressed over how well africa is prepared to cope with the pandemic of covid-19. will rural populations with low levels of education know how to apply community-based infection control? we undertook fieldwork in two villages in central sierra leone to gain insight into how rural people faced with covid-19 assess epidemic infection risks. | 2020 | 32579602 |
| buying time: drug repurposing to treat the host in covid-19h. | in 2016 fedson stated …. "for almost two decades, leading scientists and health officials have warned that we must prepare for a potentially devastating global pandemic of an infectious disease. initial concern was focused on …h5n1…. more recently…a devastating outbreak of ebola virus..(and) several other emerging viruses are believed to seriously threaten global health and global security. to prepare, scientists have been urged to discover new vaccines and treatments for these emerging viruses. ... | 2020 | 32578336 |
| ebola outbreak in democratic republic of congo: lessons learned, or ignored? | infectious diseases became an increasing public health threat as humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to stable, agrarian communities. it is accurate to say the international community was not optimally prepared for the 2014-2015 ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak in west africa, which eventually spread and caused secondary cases in the united states. from that experience, much was learned about the management of an evd outbreak, from prevention and treatment, to the need f ... | 2020 | 32576308 |
| health screening strategies for international air travelers during an epidemic or pandemic. | air travelers can carry an infectious disease's pathogenic microorganism in their bodies and spread the disease from one country to another in a few days. to delay the spread, health screening stations may be set up at airport terminals to screen travelers. this research tested three different health screening strategies, each with a different combination of screening stations at trip origins, destinations and connecting airports. discrete event simulations were performed, based on the 2014 to 2 ... | 2019 | 32572324 |
| 'no ebola…still doomed' - the ebola-induced tourism crisis. | many recent crisis and disasters affecting tourism have been studied, but few explicitly explore health related crisis in developing countries. this study analyses the effect of the ebola virus disease epidemic (evde) on the gambia, where, despite no reported cases, evde had devastating consequences. a rapid situation analysis is used to gain insights into responses to the evde, encompassing interviews with key stakeholders, field observations and follow up meetings with those involved in managi ... | 2018 | 32572288 |
| approach to cataract surgery in an ebola virus disease survivor with prior ocular viral persistence. | a 46-year-old patient with previously documented ebola virus persistence in his ocular fluid, associated with severe panuveitis, developed a visually significant cataract. a multidisciplinary approach was taken to prevent and control infection. ebola virus persistence was assessed before and during the operation to provide safe, vision-restorative phacoemulsification surgery. | 2020 | 32568043 |
| consumer perceptions and reported wild and domestic meat and fish consumption behavior during the ebola epidemic in guinea, west africa. | the handling, capturing, butchering, and transportation of wildmeat can increase the risk of zoonoses, including the ebola virus disease (evd). guinea, west africa, experienced a catastrophic outbreak of evd between 2013 and 2016. this study aimed to understand local people's sources of information concerning evd, their perceptions of potential wildlife carriers of evd and their meat and fish consumption behavior during this period. a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 332 partici ... | 2020 | 32566394 |
| applying lessons from the ebola vaccine experience for sars-cov-2 and other epidemic pathogens. | the world is experiencing an unprecedented global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). development of new vaccines and therapeutics are important to achieve long-term prevention and control of the virus. experience gained in the development of vaccines for ebola virus disease provide important lessons in the regulatory, clinical, and manufacturing process that can be applied to sars-cov-2 and ... | 2020 | 32566261 |
| analysis for fractional dynamics of ebola virus model. | ebola virus is very challenging problem of the world. the main purpose of this work is to study fractional ebola virus model. an efficient computational method based on iterative scheme is proposed to solve fractional ebola model numerically. stability of proposed method is also discussed. efficiency of proposed method is shown by listing cpu time. proposed computational method will work for long time domain. numerical results are presented graphically. the main reason for using this technique i ... | 2020 | 32565622 |
| recent successes in therapeutics for ebola virus disease: no time for complacency. | the palm trial in the democratic republic of the congo identified a statistically significant survival benefit for two monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics in the treatment of acute ebola virus disease; however, substantial gaps remain in improving the outcomes of acute ebola virus disease and for the survivors. ongoing efforts are needed to develop more effective strategies, particularly for individuals with severe disease, for prevention and treatment of viral persistence in immune-privilege ... | 2020 | 32563280 |
| responding to the challenge of the dual covid-19 and ebola epidemics in the democratic republic of congo-priorities for achieving control. | as of june 11, 2020, the democratic republic of the congo (drc) has reported 4,258 covid-19 cases with 90 deaths. with other african countries, the drc faces the challenge of striking a balance between easing public health lockdown measures to curtail the spread of sars-cov-2 and minimizing both economic hardships for large sectors of the population and negative impacts on health services for other infectious and noninfectious diseases. the drc recently controlled its tenth ebola virus disease ( ... | 2020 | 32563272 |
| bacillus paranthracis isolate from blood of fatal ebola virus disease case. | a bacillus paranthracis isolate was cultured from the blood of a fatal ebola virus disease (evd) case in liberia and was identified by whole genome sequencing. although b. paranthracis has only recently been described and is poorly characterized, this case may represent the bacterial co-infection of an evd patient. | 2020 | 32560095 |
| the cost and public health system effects of active monitoring and illness response for ebola virus disease: a case evaluation of georgia. | in august 2014, the world health organization declared the ebola virus disease epidemic in west africa a public health emergency of international concern. after 2 imported cases of the disease were identified in the united states in autumn 2014, the centers for disease control and prevention recommended that all jurisdictions begin active monitoring of travelers at risk of developing ebola virus disease for 21 days from the last day of a potential exposure to minimize the risk of disease transmi ... | 2020 | 32559157 |
| assessing and reducing risk to healthcare workers in outbreaks. | the 2014-2016 west african ebola epidemic was devastating in many respects, not least of which was the impact on healthcare systems and their health workforce. healthcare workers-including physicians, clinical officers, nurses, midwives, and community health workers-serve on the front lines of efforts to detect, control, and stop the spread of disease. risk mitigation strategies, including infection prevention and control (ipc) practices, are meant to keep healthcare workers safe from occupation ... | 2020 | 32559156 |
| hybrid modeling of ebola propagation. | the ebola virus disease (evd) epidemic that occurred in west africa between 2014-16 resulted in over 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths - one of the deadliest to date. a generalized model of the spatiotemporal progression of evd for liberia, guinea, and sierra leone in 2014-16 remains elusive. there is also a disconnect in the literature on which interventions are most effective in curbing disease progression. to solve these two key issues, we designed a hybrid agent-based and compartmental model th ... | 2019 | 32551185 |
| discovery of adamantane carboxamides as ebola virus cell entry and glycoprotein inhibitors. | we identified and explored the structure-activity-relationship (sar) of an adamantane carboxamide chemical series of ebola virus (ebov) inhibitors. selected analogs exhibited half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (ec50 values) of ∼10-15 nm in vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) pseudotyped ebov (pebov) infectivity assays, low hundred nanomolar ec50 activity against wild type ebov, aqueous solubility >20 mg/ml, and attractive metabolic stability in human and nonhuman liver microsomes. x-ray cocryst ... | 2020 | 32550996 |
| the journey of remdesivir: from ebola to covid-19. | countries around the world are currently fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). sars-cov-2 is a betacoronavirus, belonging to the same genus as severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov. currently, there are no proven antiviral therapies for covid-19. numerous clinical trials have been initiated to identify an effective treatment. one leading can ... | 2020 | 32547625 |
| previremic identification of ebola or marburg virus infection using integrated host-transcriptome and viral genome detection. | outbreaks of filoviruses, such as those caused by the ebola (ebov) and marburg (marv) virus, are difficult to detect and control. the initial clinical symptoms of these diseases are nonspecific and can mimic other endemic pathogens. this makes confident diagnosis based on clinical symptoms alone impossible. molecular diagnostics for these diseases that rely on the detection of viral rna in the blood are only effective after significant disease progression. as an approach to identify these infect ... | 2020 | 32546624 |
| an analysis of international health regulations emergency committees and public health emergency of international concern designations. | nine events have been assessed for potential declaration of a public health emergency of international concern (pheic). a pheic is defined as an extraordinary event that constitutes a public health risk to other states through international spread and requires a coordinated international response. the who director-general convenes emergency committees (ecs) to provide their advice on whether an event constitutes a pheic. the ec rationales have been criticised for being non-transparent and contra ... | 2020 | 32546587 |
| ocular complications in ebola virus disease survivors: the importance of continuing care in west africa. | the largest ebola virus (ebov) outbreak occurred from 2013 - 2016 in west africa and consequently resulted in the largest cohort of ebola virus disease (evd) survivors to date. ocular disease is among the most common sequelae reported in evd survivors. this review discusses the prevalence, manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of evd-related ocular disease. | 2019 | 32542071 |
| exosome mimicry by a havcr1-npc1 pathway of endosomal fusion mediates hepatitis a virus infection. | cell-to-cell communication by exosomes controls normal and pathogenic processes1,2. viruses can spread in exosomes and thereby avoid immune recognition3. while biogenesis, binding and uptake of exosomes are well characterized4,5, delivery of exosome cargo into the cytoplasm is poorly understood3. we report that the phosphatidylserine receptor havcr1 (refs. 6,7) and the cholesterol transporter npc1 (ref. 8) participate in cargo delivery from exosomes of hepatitis a virus (hav)-infected cells (exo ... | 2020 | 32541946 |
| psychological distress among adults from the urban and rural areas affected by the ebola virus disease in the democratic republic of the congo. | ebola virus disease (evd) is associated with high anxiety and multiple bereavement that can induce severe psychological distress (spd) in individuals living in affected communities. using data from the evd and mental health project (ebomh), this study assessed the prevalence and determinants of spd symptoms in a representative sample of adults in communities affected by evd. | 2020 | 32537693 |
| ensuring ethical data access: the sierra leone ebola database (sled) model. | organizations responding to the 2014-2016 ebola epidemic in sierra leone collected information from multiple sources and kept it in separate databases, including distinct data systems for ebola hot line calls, patient information collected by field surveillance officers, laboratory testing results, clinical information from ebola treatment and isolation facilities, and burial team records. | 2020 | 32532366 |
| inhibition of in vitro ebola infection by anti-parasitic quinoline derivatives. | there continues to be no approved drugs for the treatment of ebola virus disease (evd). despite a number of candidate drugs showing limited efficacy in vitro and/or in non-human primate studies, evd continues to plaque certain areas of africa without any efficacious treatments yet available. recently, we have been exploring the potential for anti-malarial drugs to inhibit an in vitro model of ebola zaire replication using a transcription-competent virus-like particle (trvlp) assay. we examined t ... | 2020 | 32528661 |
| public trust in the time of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): the case of the dr congo. | over the past half century, the democratic republic of the congo (drc), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several ebola virus disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. the drc is currently experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. using the pen-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. results of this analysis revealed the perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that i ... | 2020 | 32528613 |
| bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence. | most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. over the past 50 years, several viruses, including ebola virus, marburg virus, nipah virus, hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory coronavirus (mers-cov) and sars-cov-2, have been linked back to various bat species. despite decades of research into bats and the pathogens they carry, the fields of bat virus ecology and molecular biology are stil ... | 2020 | 32528128 |
| identification of interferon-stimulated genes that attenuate ebola virus infection. | the west africa ebola outbreak was the largest outbreak ever recorded, with over 28,000 reported infections; this devastating epidemic emphasized the need to understand the mechanisms to counteract virus infection. here, we screen a library of nearly 400 interferon-stimulated genes (isgs) against a biologically contained ebola virus and identify several isgs not previously known to affect ebola virus infection. overexpression of the top ten isgs attenuates virus titers by up to 1000-fold. mechan ... | 2020 | 32528005 |
| covid-19: a perspective on africa's capacity and response. | global powerhouses with tried and tested health systems have struggled to contain the covid-19 pandemic. one is left to wonder what will be left of africa, the second most populous continent after asia, which is torn by civil wars, hunger, and diseases like aids and tb and, in recent years, the ebola virus disease (evd). the majority of countries' health systems, already dependent on donor aid, are ill-equipped and under-resourced to deal with the raging pandemic. there is a lack of isolation an ... | 2020 | 32525568 |
| management of used personal protective equipment and wastes related to covid-19 in south korea. | with the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), the amount of used personal protective equipment (ppe) including face masks and protective clothes has significantly increased. this used ppe in a hospital can lead to the indirect infection by covid-19. accordingly, it has been recognized that the management of used ppe is very important to prevent the spread of covid-19. through the experience of spreading some infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, middle ea ... | 2020 | 32517547 |
| evidence of behaviour change during an ebola virus disease outbreak, sierra leone. | to evaluate changes in ebola-related knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices during the sierra leone outbreak between 2014 and 2015. | 2020 | 32514198 |
| exploiting pre-existing cd4+ t cell help from bacille calmette-guérin vaccination to improve antiviral antibody responses. | the continuing emergence of viral pathogens and their rapid spread into heavily populated areas around the world underscore the urgency for development of highly effective vaccines to generate protective antiviral ab responses. many established and newly emerging viral pathogens, including hiv and ebola viruses, are most prevalent in regions of the world in which mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains endemic and vaccination at birth with m. bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is widely us ... | 2020 | 32513849 |
| the mechanism and clinical outcome of patients with corona virus disease 2019 whose nucleic acid test has changed from negative to positive, and the therapeutic efficacy of favipiravir: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. | a variety of possible mechanisms can make the nucleic acid test of patients who meet the discharge conditions positive again, including reinfection, reactivation of the original virus, lack of strict discharge criteria, new infection, and so on. different reasons will correspond to different prevention and control measures. we will enroll patients who are discharged after treatment, whose nucleic acid test has changed from negative to positive during the screening visit, regardless of the severi ... | 2020 | 32503657 |
| leveraging investments in ebola preparedness for covid-19 in sub-saharan africa. | the emergence of sars-cov-2 in china and transmission to more than 80 territories worldwide, including nine countries in africa, presents a delicate situation for low-resource settings. countries in eastern and central africa have been on high alert since mid-2018 in anticipation of regional spread of the ebola virus from the democratic republic of congo. significant investment has been made to support enhanced surveillance at point of entry and hospitals, infection control practices, clinical c ... | 2020 | 32500116 |
| serostatus cutoff levels and fold increase to define seroresponse to recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus - zaire ebola virus envelope glycoprotein vaccine: an evidence-based analysis. | the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus - zaire ebola virus envelope glycoprotein (rvsvδg-zebov-gp) vaccine is a live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) where the vsv g protein is replaced with zebov-gp. to better understand the immune response after receiving the rvsvδg-zebov-gp vaccine, the current analyses evaluated different definitions of seroresponse that differentiate vaccine and placebo recipients enrolled in a placebo-controlled clinical trial (prevail; nct02344407) in whic ... | 2020 | 32499064 |
| peripheral neuronopathy associated with ebola virus infection in rhesus macaques: a possible cause of neurological signs and symptoms in human ebola patients. | neurological signs and symptoms are the most common complications of ebola virus disease. however, the mechanisms underlying the neurologic manifestations in ebola patients are not known. in this study, peripheral ganglia were collected from 12 rhesus macaques that succumbed to ebola virus (ebov) disease from 5 to 8 days post exposure. ganglionitis, characterized by neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and mononuclear leukocyte infiltrates, was observed in the dorsal root, autonomic, and enteric gan ... | 2020 | 32498080 |
| ebola virus inclusion body formation and rna synthesis are controlled by a novel domain of nucleoprotein interacting with vp35. | ebola virus (ebov) inclusion bodies (ibs) are cytoplasmic sites of nucleocapsid formation and rna replication, housing key steps in the virus life cycle that warrant further investigation. during infection, ibs display dynamic properties regarding their size and location. the contents of ibs also must transition prior to further viral maturation, assembly, and release, implying additional steps in ib function. interestingly, the expression of the viral nucleoprotein (np) alone is sufficient for ... | 2020 | 32493824 |
| filoviruses use the hops complex and uvrag to traffic to niemann-pick c1 compartments during viral entry. | ebola virus (ebov) entry requires internalization into host cells and extensive trafficking through the endolysosomal network in order to reach late endosomal/lysosomal compartments that contain triggering factors for viral membrane fusion. these triggering factors include low-ph-activated cellular cathepsin proteases, which cleave the ebov glycoprotein (gp), exposing a domain which binds to the filoviral receptor, the cholesterol transporter niemann-pick c1 (npc1). here, we report that traffick ... | 2020 | 32493822 |
| discovery and structural optimization of 4-(aminomethyl)benzamides as potent entry inhibitors of ebola and marburg virus infections. | the recent ebola epidemics in west africa underscore the great need for effective and practical therapies for future ebola virus outbreaks. we have discovered a new series of remarkably potent small molecule inhibitors of ebola virus entry. these 4-(aminomethyl)benzamide-based inhibitors are also effective against marburg virus. synthetic routes to these compounds allowed for the preparation of a wide variety of structures, including a conformationally restrained subset of indolines (compounds 4 ... | 2020 | 32490678 |
| ebola cases pass 2,000 as crisis escalates. | 2019 | 32488185 | |
| clinical aspects of ebola virus disease: a review. | ebola virus disease (evd), also known as ebola hemorrhagic fever (ehf), initially emerged over 40 years ago in the democratic republic of congo. endemic to africa, outbreaks have been recorded in six african countries since its detection in 1976. fruit bats are believed to be the natural hosts of ebola viruses (ebov), with humans and other mammals serving as accidental hosts. transmission of ebov has been reported in various ways, including human to human transmission through close contact with ... | 2020 | 32487785 |
| filoviruses infect rhesus macaque synoviocytes in vivo and primary human synoviocytes in vitro. | the most commonly reported symptom of post-ebola virus disease syndrome in survivors is arthralgia, yet involvement of the joints in acute or convalescent ebola virus infection is not well characterized in human patients or animal models. through immunohistochemistry, we found that the lining synovial intima of the stifle (knee) is a target for acute infection by ebola virus/kikwit, ebola virus/makona-c05, and marburg virus/angola in the rhesus macaque model. furthermore, histologic analysis, im ... | 2020 | 32479821 |
| ebola outbreak in west africa, 2014 - 2016: epidemic timeline, differential diagnoses, determining factors, and lessons for future response. | the outbreak of ebola virus disease (evd) that raged between 2014 and 2016 in the west african sub-region was one of the global epidemics that spiked international public health concern in the last decade. since the discovery of ebolavirus in 1976, the 2014-2016 epidemics have been the worst with significant case fatality rates and socioeconomic impact in the affected countries. this review looks at important health determinants that directly accounted for the spatial events of rapid spread and ... | 2020 | 32475805 |
| understanding the predictors that contribute to liberian health care workers feeling protected from ebola while at work. | to assess liberian health care workers' feelings around safety in returning to work in the setting of the ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014-2015 after receiving infection prevention and control (ipc) training. | 2020 | 32468986 |
| epitopes of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced anti-ebola virus glycoprotein antibodies in single amino acid resolution. | the ebola virus (ebov) can cause severe infections in humans, leading to a fatal outcome in a high percentage of cases. neutralizing antibodies against the ebov surface glycoprotein (gp) can prevent infections, demonstrating a straightforward way for an efficient vaccination strategy. meanwhile, many different anti-ebov antibodies have been identified, whereas the exact binding epitopes are often unknown. here, the analysis of serum samples from an ebov vaccine trial with the recombinant vesicul ... | 2020 | 32463974 |
| mental health among ebola survivors in liberia, sierra leone and guinea: results from a cross-sectional study. | to describe the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among adult ebola virus disease (evd) survivors in liberia, sierra leone and guinea. | 2020 | 32461296 |
| characterization of o-methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of tetrandrine in stephania tetrandra. | tetrandrine is the most effective small molecule that has been found to inhibit the ebola virus. it is a typical bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid and is the main active ingredient in stephania tetrandra. metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are potential methods for efficient and rapid acquisition of tetrandrine. s-adenosyl-l-methionine: (s)-norcoclaurine-6-o-methyltransferase (6omt) is a rate-limiting step involved in the biosynthesis of tetrandrine. in this study, we identify s-adenosyl-l ... | 2020 | 32460036 |
| a conserved tryptophan in the ebola virus matrix protein c-terminal domain is required for efficient virus-like particle formation. | the ebola virus (ebov) harbors seven genes, one of which is the matrix protein evp40, a peripheral protein that is sufficient to induce the formation of virus-like particles from the host cell plasma membrane. evp40 can form different structures to fulfil different functions during the viral life cycle, although the structural dynamics of evp40 that warrant dimer, hexamer, and octamer formation are still poorly understood. evp40 has two conserved trp residues at positions 95 and 191. the role of ... | 2020 | 32455873 |
| a multi-filovirus vaccine candidate: co-expression of ebola, sudan, and marburg antigens in a single vector. | in the infectious diseases field, protective immunity against individual virus species or strains does not always confer cross-reactive immunity to closely related viruses, leaving individuals susceptible to disease after exposure to related virus species. this is a significant hurdle in the field of vaccine development, in which broadly protective vaccines represent an unmet need. this is particularly evident for filoviruses, as there are multiple family members that can cause lethal haemorrhag ... | 2020 | 32455764 |
| atypical clinical presentation of ebola virus disease in pregnancy: implications for clinical and public health management. | between december 2013 and june 2016, west africa experienced the largest ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak in history. understanding evd in pregnancy is important for evd clinical screening and infection prevention and control. | 2020 | 32450292 |
| health hyperbolism: a study in health crisis rhetoric. | the ebola virus had only been in the united states for 2 months before it became a major national health concern. however, while some citizens panicked about the looming health crisis, others remained calm, offering explanations for why a rapid spread of the virus was unlikely. examining the distinctions between these different reactions can contribute to a better understanding of the coping strategies citizens use when facing a health crisis. we consider how citizens respond to fear by focusing ... | 2020 | 32449475 |
| fragment screening targeting ebola virus nucleoprotein c-terminal domain identifies lead candidates. | the ebola virus is a causative agent of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks and a potential global health risk. the outbreak in west africa (2013-2016) led to 11,000+ deaths and 30,000+ ebola infected individuals. the current outbreak in the democratic republic of congo (drc) with 3000+ confirmed cases and 2000+ deaths attributed to ebola virus infections provides a reminder that innovative countermeasures are still needed. ebola virus encodes 7 open reading frames (orfs). of these, the nucleocaps ... | 2020 | 32446802 |
| efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for severe covid-19 based on evidence in other severe respiratory viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) remain uncertain. to support a guideline on covid-19 management, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of convalescent plasma in covid-19 and other severe respiratory viral infections. | 2020 | 32444482 |
| exploiting the reverse vaccinology approach to design novel subunit vaccines against ebola virus. | ebola virus is a highly pathogenic rna virus that causes the ebola haemorrhagic fever in human. this virus is considered as one of the dangerous viruses in the world with very high mortality rate. to date, no epitope-based subunit vaccine has yet been discovered to fight against ebola although the outbreaks of this deadly virus took many lives in the past. in this study, approaches of reverse vaccinology were utilized in combination with different tools of immunoinformatics to design subunit vac ... | 2020 | 32444135 |
| a systematic review of chlorine-based surface disinfection efficacy to inform recommendations for low-resource outbreak settings. | infectious diseases can be transmitted via fomites (contaminated surfaces/objects); disinfection can interrupt this transmission route. however, disinfection guidelines for low-resource outbreak settings are inconsistent and not evidence-based. | 2020 | 32442652 |
| frontline science: cd40 signaling restricts rna virus replication in mϕs, leading to rapid innate immune control of acute virus infection. | many acute viral infections target tissue mϕs, yet the mechanisms of mϕ-mediated control of viruses are poorly understood. here, we report that cd40 expressed by peritoneal mϕs restricts early infection of a broad range of rna viruses. loss of cd40 expression enhanced virus replication as early as 12-24 h of infection and, conversely, stimulation of cd40 signaling with an agonistic ab blocked infection. with peritoneal cell populations infected with the filovirus, wild-type (wt) ebola virus (ebo ... | 2020 | 32441445 |
| reporting in a health emergency: the roles of sierra leonean journalists during the 2014-2015 ebola outbreak. | in public health emergencies, local media are important sources of information for the public. not much is known about the professional and personal roles and experiences of sierra leonean journalists during the ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak between 2014-2015. | 2020 | 32437345 |
| ebola-specific cd8+ and cd4+ t-cell responses in sierra leonean ebola virus survivors with or without post-ebola sequelae. | ebola virus (ebov) disease has killed thousands of west and central africans over the past several decades. many who survive the acute disease later experience post-ebola syndrome, a constellation of symptoms whose causative pathogenesis is unclear. | 2020 | 32436943 |
| immunologic timeline of ebola virus disease and recovery in humans. | a complete understanding of human immune responses to ebola virus infection is limited by the availability of specimens and the requirement for biosafety level 4 (bsl-4) containment. in an effort to bridge this gap, we evaluated cryopreserved pbmcs from 4 patients who survived ebola virus disease (evd) using an established mass cytometry antibody panel to characterize various cell populations during both the acute and convalescent phases. acute loss of nonclassical monocytes and myeloid dcs, esp ... | 2020 | 32434986 |
| recommendations for the covid-19 response at the national level based on lessons learned from the ebola virus disease outbreak in the democratic republic of the congo. | the tenth outbreak of ebola virus disease (evd) in north kivu, the democratic republic of the congo (drc), was declared 8 days after the end of the ninth evd outbreak, in the equateur province on august 1, 2018. with a total of 3,461 confirmed and probable cases, the north kivu outbreak was the second largest outbreak after that in west africa in 2014-2016, and the largest observed in the drc. this outbreak was difficult to control because of multiple challenges, including armed conflict, popula ... | 2020 | 32431285 |
| [the psychological impact of covid-19 on mental health - literature review]. | the spread of epidemics resulting in many deaths has been known since the dawn of civilization, for example, the typhus and smallpox epidemics and the plague. early in the previous century there was an outbreak of the spanish flue and towards the end of the 60's, the aids epidemic (hiv). since the start of the current century, several epidemics broke out and spread to various places around the world, for instance, sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome), the avian influenza and the swine influe ... | 2020 | 32431119 |
| identifying suspect bat reservoirs of emerging infections. | bats host a number of pathogens that cause severe disease and onward transmission in humans and domestic animals. some of these pathogens, including henipaviruses and filoviruses, are considered a concern for future pandemics. there has been substantial effort to identify these viruses in bats. however, the reservoir hosts for ebola virus are still unknown and henipaviruses are largely uncharacterized across their distribution. identifying reservoir species is critical in understanding the viral ... | 2020 | 32429501 |
| studying public perception about vaccination: a sentiment analysis of tweets. | text analysis has been used by scholars to research attitudes toward vaccination and is particularly timely due to the rise of medical misinformation via social media. this study uses a sample of 9581 vaccine-related tweets in the period january 1, 2019 to april 5, 2019. the time period is of the essence because during this time, a measles outbreak was prevalent throughout the united states and a public debate was raging. sentiment analysis is applied to the sample, clustering the data into topi ... | 2020 | 32429223 |
| tolcapone potently inhibits seminal amyloid fibrils formation and blocks entry of ebola pseudoviruses. | ebola virus (ebov), the causative pathogen of the deadly ebov disease (evd), can be transmitted via sexual transmission. seminal amyloid fibrils have been found enhancers of ebov infection. currently, limited preventive vaccine or therapeutic is available to block ebov infection through sexual intercourse. in this study, we repurpose tolcapone, a us food and drug administration (fda)-approved agent for parkinson's disease, as a potent inhibitor of seminal amyloid fibrils, among which semen-deriv ... | 2020 | 32425892 |
| an integrative review of the limited evidence on international travel bans as an emerging infectious disease disaster control measure. | in our increasingly interconnected world, the potential for emerging infectious diseases (eids) to spread globally is of paramount concern. travel bans-herein defined as the complete restriction of travel from at least one geographic region to at least one other international geographic region-are a potential policy solution to control the global spread of disease. the social, economic, and health-related consequences of travel bans, as well as the available evidence on the effectiveness of trav ... | 2020 | 32421851 |
| does immune privilege result in recovered patients testing positive for covid-19 again? | recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated that a few patients who were believed to have recovered from covid-19 initially tested negative but later tested positive. several hospitals in different countries have detected sars-cov-2 rna in the semen and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe covid-19. given the fact that the testes and central nervous system are both immune privilege sites and the fact that ebola virus and zika virus can avoid immune clearance and continue prol ... | 2020 | 32418947 |
| adjuvant selection impacts the correlates of vaccine protection against ebola infection. | the establishment of correlates of protection is particularly relevant in the context of rare, highly lethal pathogens such as filoviruses. we previously demonstrated that an ebola glycoprotein virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine, when given as two intramuscular doses, conferred protection from challenge in a murine challenge model. in this study, we compared the ability of advax inulin-based adjuvant formulations (advax1-4) to enhance ebola vlp vaccine protection in mice. after two immunizations, ... | 2020 | 32418798 |
| perceptions on the collection of body fluids for research on persistence of ebola virus: a qualitative study. | against the background of the international public health emergency related to the ebola outbreak in the democratic republic of congo, in addition to other recent large ebola epidemics, the issue of transmission due to viral persistence from survivors' body fluids is becoming increasingly urgent. clinical research in which body fluids play a role is critical and semen testing programs are part of the suggested response to the outbreak. broad acceptance and understanding of testing programs and r ... | 2020 | 32407312 |
| willingness-to-pay for a hypothetical ebola vaccine in indonesia: a cross-sectional study in aceh. | background: some ebola vaccines have been developed and tested in phase iii clinical trials. however, assessment of whether public have willingness to purchase or not, especially in unaffected areas, is lacking. the aim of this study was to determine willingness to pay (wtp) for a hypothetical ebola vaccine in indonesia. methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 august to 30 december 2015 in five cities in aceh province of indonesia. patients' family members who visited outpatient de ... | 2019 | 32399182 |
| identification of novel adjuvants for ebola virus-like particle vaccine. | ebola virus disease is a severe disease, often fatal, with a mortality rate of up to 90%. presently, effective treatment and safe prevention options for ebola virus disease are not available. therefore, there is an urgent need to develop control measures to prevent or limit future ebola virus outbreaks. ebola virus protein-based virus-like particle (vlp) and inactivated whole virion vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in animal models, and the addition of appropriate adjuvants may provide additi ... | 2020 | 32397625 |
| a quality evaluation of guidelines on five different viruses causing public health emergencies of international concern. | this project aims to evaluate the methods and reporting quality of practice guidelines of five different viruses that have caused public health emergencies of international concern (pheic) over 20 past years: the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), zika virus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). we systematically searched databases, guideline websites and government health ... | 2020 | 32395544 |
| prevalence of mental health problems in populations affected by the ebola virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | studies have shown that, in addition to being associated with a high mortality rate, ebola virus disease (evd) is also related with mental health problems. this study aimed to determine prevalence of mental health problems and associated factors among survivors and individuals affected by evd. a systematic review of peer-reviewed empirical studies was conducted using embase, pubmed, psycinfo and psyarticles. a random effects meta-analysis was performed on the proportions of people diagnosed with ... | 2020 | 32388176 |
| entry dynamics of single ebola virus revealed by force tracing. | infections by the ebola virus (ebov) rapidly cause fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. viral entry into host cells is the most critical step in infection and an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. herein, the invagination behavior and entry dynamics of filamentous ebola virus-like particles (ebo-vlps) were investigated using a force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy and single-particle fluorescence tracking in real time. the filamentous ebov-vlps might enter cells in ... | 2020 | 32383590 |
| angiomotin regulates budding and spread of ebola virus. | the ebola virus (ebov) vp40 matrix protein (evp40) orchestrates assembly and budding of virions in part by hijacking select ww-domain-bearing host proteins via its ppxy late (l)-domain motif. angiomotin (amot) is a multifunctional ppxy-containing adaptor protein that regulates angiogenesis, actin dynamics, and cell migration/motility. amot also regulates the hippo signaling pathway via interactions with the ww-domain-containing hippo effector protein yes-associated protein (yap). in this report, ... | 2020 | 32381509 |
| preparedness tested: severe cerebral malaria presenting as a high-risk person under investigation for ebola virus disease at a us hospital. | in 2019, a 42-year-old african man who works as an ebola virus disease (evd) researcher traveled from the democratic republic of congo (drc), near an ongoing evd epidemic, to philadelphia and presented to the hospital of the university of pennsylvania emergency department with altered mental status, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. he was classified as a "wet" person under investigation for evd, and his arrival activated our hospital emergency management command center and bioresponse teams. he wa ... | 2020 | 32381125 |
| providing healthcare to ebola survivors: a qualitative exploratory investigation of healthcare providers' views and experiences in sierra leone. | although the experiences of healthcare workers regarding caring for ebola patients during the west african ebola outbreak have been explored, little is known about healthcare workers' experiences in providing care to ebola survivors. we employed a qualitative design to address this gap in the literature. healthcare providers described the health complaints of ebola survivors as similar to those of ordinary patients, but disproportionately frequent and severe. during the ebola outbreak, fear of i ... | 2020 | 32379008 |
| human bst-2/tetherin inhibits junin virus release from host cells and its inhibition is partially counteracted by viral nucleoprotein. | bone marrow stromal cell antigen-2 (bst-2), also known as tetherin, is an interferon-inducible membrane-associated protein. it effectively targets enveloped viruses at the release step of progeny viruses from host cells, thereby restricting the further spread of viral infection. junin virus (junv) is a member of arenaviridae, which causes argentine haemorrhagic fever that is associated with a high rate of mortality. in this study, we examined the effect of human bst-2 on the replication and prop ... | 2020 | 32375950 |
| natural antiviral compound silvestrol modulates human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. | outbreaks of infections with viruses like sars-cov-2, ebola virus and zika virus lead to major global health and economic problems because of limited treatment options. therefore, new antiviral drug candidates are urgently needed. the promising new antiviral drug candidate silvestrol effectively inhibited replication of corona-, ebola-, zika-, picorna-, hepatis e and chikungunya viruses. besides a direct impact on pathogens, modulation of the host immune system provides an additional facet to an ... | 2020 | 32374474 |
| an investigation of the effect of transfected defective, ebola virus genomes on ebola replication. | as the ongoing outbreak in the democratic republic of congo illustrates, ebola virus disease continues to pose a significant risk to humankind and this necessitates the continued development of therapeutic options. one option that warrants evaluation is that of defective genomes; these can potentially parasitize resources from the wild-type virus and may even be packaged for repeated co-infection cycles. deletion and copy-back defective genomes have been identified and reported in the literature ... | 2020 | 32373552 |
| occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. | to examine the psychological effects on clinicians of working to manage novel viral outbreaks, and successful measures to manage stress and psychological distress. | 2020 | 32371466 |
| the cellular protein cad is recruited into ebola virus inclusion bodies by the nucleoprotein np to facilitate genome replication and transcription. | ebola virus (ebov) is a zoonotic pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates with high case fatality rates. in recent years, the number and extent of outbreaks has increased, highlighting the importance of better understanding the molecular aspects of ebov infection and host cell interactions to control this virus more efficiently. many viruses, including ebov, have been shown to recruit host proteins for different viral processes. based on a genome-wide sirna scr ... | 2020 | 32370067 |
| viral genomics in ebola virus research. | filoviruses such as ebola virus continue to pose a substantial health risk to humans. advances in the sequencing and functional characterization of both pathogen and host genomes have provided a wealth of knowledge to clinicians, epidemiologists and public health responders during outbreaks of high-consequence viral disease. here, we describe how genomics has been historically used to investigate ebola virus disease outbreaks and how new technologies allow for rapid, large-scale data generation ... | 2020 | 32367066 |
| quercetin blocks ebola virus infection by counteracting the vp24 interferon-inhibitory function. | ebola virus (ebov) is among the most devastating pathogens causing fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. the epidemics from 2013 to 2016 resulted in more than 11,000 deaths, and another outbreak is currently ongoing. since there is no fda-approved drug so far to fight ebov infection, there is an urgent need to focus on drug discovery. considering the tight correlation between the high ebov virulence and its ability to suppress the type i interferon (ifn-i) system, identifying molecules targeting vi ... | 2020 | 32366711 |
| development and validation of a uhplc-ms/ms method for quantification of the prodrug remdesivir and its metabolite gs-441524: a tool for clinical pharmacokinetics of sars-cov-2/covid-19 and ebola virus disease. | remdesivir has received significant attention for its potential application in the treatment of covid-19, caused by sars-cov-2. remdesivir has already been tested for ebola virus disease treatment and found to have activity against sars and mers coronaviruses. the remdesivir core contains gs-441524, which interferes with rna-dependent rna polymerases alone. in non-human primates, following iv administration, remdesivir is rapidly distributed into pbmcs and converted within 2 h to the active nucl ... | 2020 | 32361744 |
| 'the world has never seen anything like this': who chief on battling ebola in a war zone. | 2019 | 32355241 | |
| the bat meat chain and perceptions of the risk of contracting ebola in the mount cameroon region. | local people's interaction with bats render them vulnerable to ebola virus disease (evd). this paper examines perceptions of risk involved in the hunting, handling, processing and consumption of bat meat in the mount cameroon region of southwest cameroon. it focuses on the myriad cultural beliefs, gendered patterns of activity and institutional arrangements in which the bat meat production chain is embedded. | 2020 | 32354371 |
| the surveillance outbreak response management and analysis system (sormas): digital health global goods maturity assessment. | digital health is a dynamic field that has been generating a large number of tools; many of these tools do not have the level of maturity required to function in a sustainable model. it is in this context that the concept of global goods maturity is gaining importance. digital square developed a global good maturity model (ggmm) for digital health tools, which engages the digital health community to identify areas of investment for global goods. the surveillance outbreak response management and ... | 2020 | 32347809 |
| mutation of hydrophobic residues in the c-terminal domain of the marburg virus matrix protein vp40 disrupts trafficking to the plasma membrane. | marburg virus (marv) is a lipid-enveloped negative sense single stranded rna virus, which can cause a deadly hemorrhagic fever. marv encodes seven proteins, including vp40 (mvp40), a matrix protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic leaflet of the host cell plasma membrane. vp40 traffics to the plasma membrane inner leaflet, where it assembles to facilitate the budding of viral particles. vp40 is a multifunctional protein that interacts with several host proteins and lipids to complete the vira ... | 2020 | 32344654 |
| the new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks. | virus taxonomy emerged as a discipline in the middle of the twentieth century. traditionally, classification by virus taxonomists has been focussed on the grouping of relatively closely related viruses. however, during the past few years, the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) has recognized that the taxonomy it develops can be usefully extended to include the basal evolutionary relationships among distantly related viruses. consequently, the ictv has changed its code to allow ... | 2020 | 32341570 |