Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| central and baroreflex control of heart period during the wake-sleep cycle in consomic rats with different genetic susceptibility to hypertension. | 1. in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr), the contributions of the baroreflex and central autonomic commands to the control of heart period (hp) vary among wake-sleep states and are impaired during quiet wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep (rems), respectively. 2. dahl salt-sensitive (ss) rats are genetically susceptible to salt-sensitive hypertension, the development of which depends on diet. substitution of chromosome 13 of ss rats with that of brown norway rats confers salt-resistance ... | 2010 | 19769608 |
| basal forebrain lactate release and promotion of cortical arousal during prolonged waking is attenuated in aging. | the wake-promoting basal forebrain (bf) is critically involved in sustaining cortical arousal. in the present study, we investigated how aging affects the capacity of the bf to cope with continuous activation during prolonged waking. increased neuronal activity induces lactate release in the activated brain area, and bf stimulation increases cortical arousal. we used in vivo microdialysis to measure lactate levels in the bf, and electroencephalography (eeg) to measure cortical arousal, during 3 ... | 2009 | 19759316 |
| biochemical and behavioural characterization of empa, a novel high-affinity, selective antagonist for the ox(2) receptor. | the ox(2) receptor is a g-protein-coupled receptor that is abundantly found in the tuberomammillary nucleus, an important site for the regulation of the sleep-wake state. herein, we describe the in vitro and in vivo properties of a selective ox(2) receptor antagonist, n-ethyl-2-[(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-(toluene-2-sulphonyl)-amino]-n-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-acetamide (empa). | 2009 | 19751316 |
| quinine, a selective gap junction blocker, decreases rem sleep in rats. | electrical synapses are formed by gap junctions that allow the direct communication between neurons, the intercellular transference of ions and small molecules as well as the electrical coupling of the cells. electrical coupling in neurons is mediated by the gap junction protein connexin36. there are reports about the presence of electrical coupling in the sublaterodorsal nucleus and pedunculopontine nucleus, which have been implicated in the modulation of the rapid eye movement sleep. in the pr ... | 2009 | 19747932 |
| delayed changes of sleep duration after rewarded olfactory discrimination learning in the rat. | the aim of this experiment was to determine if a task of associative olfactory learning, based on the ethological repertory of rats and learnt rapidly in 5 successive trials, could modify slow wave sleep (sws) and/or paradoxical sleep (ps) duration after learning and/or after a retrieval-reactivation test 24 h later. somnopolygraphic recordings were performed for 20 h per day on trained and control (submitted to a pseudo-learning test) rats. sws and ps durations were analyzed per 20 h and per 4 ... | 2009 | 19744525 |
| basal forebrain histaminergic transmission modulates electroencephalographic activity and emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. | the tuberomammillary histaminergic neurons are involved in the sedative component of anesthetic action. the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm) in the basal forebrain receives dense excitatory innervation from the tuberomammillary nucleus and is recognized as an important site of sleep-wake regulation. this study investigated whether nbm administration of histaminergic drugs may modulate arousal/emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. | 2009 | 19741500 |
| history of migraine with aura and cortical spreading depression from 1941 and onwards. | several personal descriptions of migraine with aura from 1870 onwards reported a slow, gradual progression of symptoms. lashley in 1941 meticulously chartered his own auras and concluded that the symptomatology reflected a cortical process progressing with a speed of 3 mm/min across the primary visual cortex. leão described cortical spreading depression (csd) in rabbits in 1944 and noticed its similarity to the migraine aura. despite these scattered pieces of evidence, the prevailing theory was ... | 2010 | 19740119 |
| protein expression is altered during spontaneous sleep in aged sprague dawley rats. | age-related changes in brain function include those affecting learning, memory, and sleep-wakefulness. sleep-wakefulness is an essential behavior that results from the interaction of multiple brain regions, peptides, and neurotransmitters. the biological function(s) of sleep, however, remains unknown due to a paucity of information available at the cellular level. aged rats exhibit alterations in the circadian and homeostatic influences associated with sleep-wake regulation. we recently showed t ... | 2009 | 19729003 |
| effects of some antipsychotics and a benzodiazepine hypnotic on the sleep-wake pattern in an animal model of schizophrenia. | we studied the effects of antipsychotics and a hypnotic on sleep disturbance in schizophrenia using an animal model of the disease. electrodes for the electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg) were chronically implanted into the cortex and the dorsal neck muscle of rats. eeg and emg were recorded with an electroencephalograph for 6 h (10:00 - 16:00). sleepsign ver. 2.0 was used for eeg and emg analysis. haloperidol and olanzapine had an antagonizing effect on the increases in sleep lat ... | 2009 | 19721330 |
| state-dependent changes in high-frequency oscillations recorded in the rat nucleus accumbens. | among the local field potentials recorded in the rat nucleus accumbens (nac) spontaneous high frequency oscillations (hfo) are typically represented by a small peak in the power spectra in the range of 140-180 hz. these hfo are known to occur in the awake state, but their distribution over the sleep-wake cycle has not been investigated. to address this issue we firstly examined the power of hfo during periods of quiet waking, slow-wave sleep (sws) and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. since genera ... | 2009 | 19716859 |
| automated analysis of sleep-wake state in rats. | a fully automated computer-based sleep scoring system is described and validated for use in rats. the system was designed to emulate visual sleep scoring by using the same basic features of the electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg), and a similar set of decision-making rules. state indices are calculated for each 5s epoch by combination of amplitudes (microvrms) of 6 filtered eeg frequency bands (eeglo, d.c.-1.5hz; delta, 1.5-6hz; theta, 6-9hz; alpha, 10.5-15hz; beta, 22-30hz; gamm ... | 2009 | 19703489 |
| a novel gabaergic afferent input to the pontine reticular formation: the mesopontine gabaergic column. | pharmacological manipulations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) neurotransmission in the nucleus pontis oralis (pno) of the rat brainstem produce alterations in sleep/wake behavior. local applications of gaba(a) receptor antagonists and agonists increase rem sleep and wake, respectively. these findings support a role for gabaergic mechanisms of the pno in the control of arousal state. we have been investigating sources of gaba innervation of the pno that may interact with local gaba(a) receptors ... | 2009 | 19699725 |
| gaba in pedunculopontine tegmentum increases rapid eye movement sleep in freely moving rats: possible role of gaba-ergic inputs from substantia nigra pars reticulata. | pedunculopontine tegmentum (ppt) has gaba-ergic neurons and receives gaba-ergic projections from substantia nigra pars reticulata (snrpr). based on the recent studies from our and other laboratories, it was hypothesized that gaba in ppt promotes rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. in order to further study the role of gaba in ppt in rem sleep regulation, we microinjected gaba-a agonist, muscimol (200 nl, 3.5 mm), into the ppt. muscimol in ppt significantly enhanced the amount of rem sleep by increas ... | 2009 | 19698764 |
| nitric oxide modulates the discharge rate of basal forebrain neurones: a study in freely moving rats. | in urethane-anaesthetized rats the infusion of a nitric oxide (no)-donor [noc-18, 1 mm (deta/no); 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazino)bis-ethanamine)] into the basal forebrain (bf) inhibited the discharge rate of most neurones, suggesting that no may promote sleep via inhibition of wake-promoting neurones in the bf. however, this hypothesis still needs to be confirmed in freely moving rats. the objective of this study was to examine whether no modulates the discharge rate of bf neurones in freely movi ... | 2009 | 19674257 |
| small platform sleep deprivation selectively increases the average duration of rapid eye movement sleep episodes during sleep rebound. | the single platform-on-water (flower pot) method is extensively used for depriving rapid eye movement sleep (rems). detailed comparison of sleep-wake architecture, recorded during the rebound period after spending three days on either a small or large platform, could separate the effects of rems deficit from other stress factors caused by the procedure. a further aim of the study was to find the most characteristic rems parameter of the rebound originating from rems deficit. rats were kept on a ... | 2009 | 19665493 |
| role of the melanin-concentrating hormone neuropeptide in sleep regulation. | melanin-concentrating hormone (mch), a neuropeptide secreted by a limited number of neurons within the tuberal hypothalamus, has been drawn in the field of sleep only fairly recently in 2003. since then, growing experimental evidence indicates that mch may play a crucial role in the homeostatic regulation of paradoxical sleep (ps). mch-expressing neurons fire specifically during ps. when injected icv mch induces a 200% increase in ps quantities in rats and the lack of mch induces a decrease in s ... | 2009 | 19660508 |
| developmental emergence of power-law wake behavior depends upon the functional integrity of the locus coeruleus. | daily amounts of sleep and wakefulness are accumulated in discrete bouts that exhibit distinct statistical properties. in adult mammals, sleep bout durations follow an exponential distribution whereas wake bout durations follow a power-law distribution. in infant norway rats, however, wake bouts initially follow an exponential distribution and only transition to a power-law distribution beginning around postnatal day 15 (p15). here we test the hypothesis that the locus coeruleus (lc), one of sev ... | 2009 | 19639755 |
| potentiating effect of eszopiclone on gaba(a) receptor-mediated responses in pedunculopontine neurons. | the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn) is part of the cholinergic arm of the reticular activating system, which is mostly active during waking and rem sleep. gabaergic modulation of this area appears to regulate sleep-wake cycles. eszopiclone (esz), a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent, appears to modulate gabaergic receptors. however, the action site of esz in the brain is still unresolved. we tested the hypothesis that esz acts by potentiating gaba(a) receptors on ppn neurons. wholecell voltage clam ... | 2009 | 19639750 |
| estradiol and progesterone modulate spontaneous sleep patterns and recovery from sleep deprivation in ovariectomized rats. | women undergo hormonal changes both naturally during their lives and as a result of sex hormone treatments. the objective of this study was to gain more knowledge about how these hormones affect sleep and responses to sleep loss. | 2009 | 19639749 |
| a role for the preoptic sleep-promoting system in absence epilepsy. | absence epilepsy (ae) in humans and the genetic ae model in wag/rij rats are both associated with abnormalities in sleep architecture that suggest insufficiency of the sleep-promoting mechanisms. in this study we compared the functionality of sleep-active neuronal groups within two well-established sleep-promoting sites, the ventrolateral and median preoptic nuclei (vlpo and mnpn, respectively), in wag/rij and control rats. neuronal activity was assessed using c-fos immunoreactivity and chronic ... | 2009 | 19631751 |
| circadian variation in intestinal dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (dpd) expression: a potential mechanism for benefits of 5fu chrono-chemotherapy. | 5-fluorouracil (5fu) is associated with significant gi side-effects. randomized trials have shown a 50% reduction in severe diarrhea with chrono-chemotherapy versus conventional regimens at similar doses. dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (dpd) is the rate-limiting enzyme in 5fu breakdown. we hypothesized that dpd has a circadian expression pattern, accounting for the reduced gi side effects of chrono-modulated 5fu therapy. | 2009 | 19628084 |
| analysis of age dependent effects of heat stress on eeg frequency components in rats. | to demonstrate changes in different frequencies of cerebral electrical activity or electroencephalogram (eeg) following exposure to high environmental heat in three different age groups of freely moving' rats. | 2009 | 19618692 |
| effect of chronic manganese intoxication on the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | chronic manganese intoxication elicits in the rat an increase in slow wave sleep and a decrease in paradoxical sleep by modification of the length of the phases. the similarities between this observation and the sleep disturbances observed in man in parkinson's disease and chronic manganese poisoning are discussed. | 1977 | 19604921 |
| orexin receptor antagonism prevents transcriptional and behavioral plasticity resulting from stimulant exposure. | orexin is a key neurotransmitter of central arousal and reward circuits in the cns. two receptors respond to orexin signaling, orexin 1 receptor (ox1r) and orexin 2 receptor (ox2r) with partially overlapping brain distributions. genetic and pharmacological studies suggest orexin receptor antagonists could provide therapeutic benefit for insomnia and other disorders in which sleep/wake cycles are disrupted. preclinical data has also emerged showing that the orexin system is involved in the behavi ... | 2010 | 19596018 |
| dexamethasone alters the hepatic inflammatory cellular profile without changes in matrix degradation during liver repair following biliary decompression. | biliary atresia is characterized by extrahepatic bile duct obliteration along with persistent intrahepatic portal inflammation. steroids are standard in the treatment of cholangitis following the kasai portoenterostomy, and were advocated for continued suppression of the ongoing immunologic attack against intrahepatic ducts. recent reports, however, have failed to demonstrate an improved patient outcome or difference in the need for liver transplant in postoperative patients treated with a varie ... | 2009 | 19592011 |
| antagonism of alpha1-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors in the hypoglossal motor nucleus does not prevent motoneuronal activation elicited from the posterior hypothalamus. | the perifornical (pf) region of the posterior hypothalamus plays an important role in the regulation of sleep-wake states and motor activity. disinhibition of pf neurons by the gaba(a) receptor antagonist, bicuculline, has been used to study the mechanisms of wake- and motor activity-promoting effects that emanate from the pf region. bicuculline activates pf neurons, including the orexin-containing cells that have major excitatory projections to brainstem noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. ... | 2009 | 19573578 |
| increased numbers of motor activity peaks during light cycle are associated with reductions in adrenergic alpha(2)-receptor levels in a transgenic huntington's disease rat model. | huntington's disease (hd) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a cag repeat expansion in the hd gene. besides psychiatric, motor and cognitive symptoms, hd patients suffer from sleep disturbances. in order to screen a rat model transgenic for hd (tghd rats) for sleep-wake cycle dysregulation, we monitored their circadian activity peaks in the present study. tghd rats of both sexes showed hyperactivity during the dark cycle and more frequent light cycle activity peaks indicative for a distur ... | 2009 | 19573560 |
| localisation of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 in rat brain and evidence that sleep parameters are not altered despite high central receptor occupancy. | the present study describes the optimisation of an autoradiography assay that provides a means to measure the in vitro potency of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (mch(1)) antagonists in native tissues and their ex vivo receptor occupancy. initial localisation studies demonstrated that the mch(1) receptor radioligand [(125)i]-s36057 bound to rat caudate putamen with specific binding of consistently >60%. in vitro, the mch(1) receptor antagonists gw3430, snap-94847 and 4'-{[1-(cyclopropyl ... | 2009 | 19540226 |
| electromyographic activity at the base and tip of the tongue across sleep-wake states in rats. | obstructive sleep apnea (osa) patients have elevated tonic and phasic inspiratory activity in the genioglossus and other upper airway muscles during wakefulness; this protects their upper airway from collapse. in this group, sleep-related decrements of upper airway motor tone result in sleep-related upper airway obstructions. we previously reported that in the rat, a species widely used to study the neural mechanisms of both sleep and breathing, lingual electromyographic activity (emg) is minima ... | 2009 | 19539786 |
| diamine-based human histamine h3 receptor antagonists: (4-aminobutyn-1-yl)benzylamines. | a series of (4-aminobutyn-1-yl)benzylamines were prepared and the sar around three key areas: (1) the amine attached to the butynyl linker (r(3)r(4)n-); (2) the benzylamine moiety (r(1)r(2)n-); and (3) the point of attachment of the benzylamine group (r(1)r(2)n- in the ortho, meta, or para positions) was examined. one compound, 4-[3-(4-piperidin-1-yl-but-1-ynyl)-benzyl]-morpholine (9s) was chosen for further profiling and found to be a selective histamine h(3) antagonist with desirable drug-like ... | 2009 | 19524331 |
| suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation by short-term stimulant drug administration in adult rats. | sleep loss is known to potently suppress adult hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. whether sleep suppression following acute administration of stimulant drugs also decreases hippocampal cell proliferation is not known. the present study examined the effect of three mechanistically distinct stimulants (caffeine, methamphetamine and modafinil) on cell proliferation. to maximize sleep suppression, these drugs were administered to rats (three i.p. injections, once every 4 h) during thei ... | 2009 | 19490020 |
| serotonergic-postsynaptic receptors modulate gripping-induced immobility episodes in male taiep rats. | the taiep rat is a myelin mutant with a motor syndrome characterized by tremor, ataxia, immobility, epilepsy, and paralysis. the rat shows a hypomyelination followed by a progressive demyelination. during immobilities taiep rats show a rem-like sleep pattern and a disorganized sleep-wake pattern suggesting taiep rats as a model of narcolepsy-cataplexy. our study analyzed the role of postsynaptic serotonin receptors in the expression of gripping-induced immobility episodes (ies) in 8-month-old ma ... | 2009 | 19484723 |
| gabaergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus defines functional subterritories. | gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)ergic neurons are widely distributed in brainstem structures involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, locomotion, and attention. these brainstem structures include the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn), which is traditionally characterized by its population of cholinergic neurons that have local and wide-ranging connections. the functional heterogeneity of the ppn is partially explained by the topographic distribution of cholinergic neurons, but such heterog ... | 2009 | 19459217 |
| antagonism of t-type calcium channels inhibits high-fat diet-induced weight gain in mice. | the epidemics of obesity and metabolic disorders have well-recognized health and economic burdens. pharmacologic treatments for these diseases remain unsatisfactory with respect to both efficacy and side-effect profiles. here, we have identified a potential central role for t-type calcium channels in regulating body weight maintenance and sleep. previously, it was shown that mice lacking cav3.1 t-type calcium channels have altered sleep/wake activity. we found that these mice were also resistant ... | 2009 | 19451696 |
| [efficiency of the "disk-over-water" method without feedback for sleep deprivation in rats]. | the "disk-over-water" method, where animals are awakened by disk rotation triggered by sleep eeg signals, was efficiently used in many studies involving sleep deprivation. recently, the modification of this method has been developed where, during the period of deprivation, the disk was rotated in accordance with a pre-set program (the "disk-over-water" method without feedback). we considered this modification as a potentially promising one for investigation of relationship between maternal sleep ... | 2009 | 19445394 |
| sleep-promoting action of iik7, a selective mt2 melatonin receptor agonist in the rat. | several novel melatonin receptor agonists, in addition to various formulations of melatonin itself, are either available or in development for the treatment of insomnia. melatonin is thought to exert its effects principally through two high affinity, g-protein coupled receptors, mt1 and mt2, though it is not known which subtype is responsible for the sleep-promoting action. the present study used radiotelemetry to record eeg and emg in un-restrained freely moving rats to monitor the sleep-wake b ... | 2009 | 19429170 |
| to what extent is sleep rebound effective in reversing the effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on gene expression in the brain? | sleep is essential to maintaining health and well-being. it has been demonstrated that some of the biological alterations caused by paradoxical sleep deprivation (psd) are not completely reversed after a period of sleep rebound (sr). the purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the specific molecular changes that occur in the rat cerebral cortex after 96 h of psd can effectively be reversed during 24h of recovery. total rna from the right cerebral cortex of wistar male rats and gene ... | 2009 | 19428616 |
| heavy metal uranium affects the brain cholinergic system in rat following sub-chronic and chronic exposure. | uranium is a heavy metal naturally present in the environment that may be chronically ingested by the population. previous studies have shown that uranium is present in the brain and alters behaviour, notably locomotor activity, sensorimotor ability, sleep/wake cycle and the memory process, but also metabolism of neurotransmitters. the cholinergic system mediates many cognitive systems, including those disturbed after chronic exposure to uranium i.e., spatial memory, sleep/wake cycle and locomot ... | 2009 | 19409444 |
| characterisation of the effects of caffeine on sleep in the rat: a potential model of sleep disruption. | caffeine is known to disrupt sleep and its administration to human subjects has been used to model sleep disruption. we previously showed that its effects on sleep onset latency are comparable between rats and humans. this study evaluated the potential use of caffeine as a model of sleep disruption in the rat, by assessing its effects on sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (eeg) frequency spectrum, and using sleep-promoting drugs to reverse these effects. rats were implanted with radiote ... | 2009 | 19395429 |
| ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 in the ventral and lateral hypothalamic area of female rats: morphological characterization and functional implications. | based on its distribution in the brain, ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 (ntpdase3) may play a role in the hypothalamic regulation of homeostatic systems, including feeding, sleep-wake behavior and reproduction. to further characterize the morphological attributes of ntpdase3-immunoreactive (ir) hypothalamic structures in the rat brain, here we investigated: 1.) the cellular and subcellular localization of ntpdase3; 2.) the effects of 17beta-estradiol on the expression level of ... | 2009 | 19383175 |
| circadian timing of rem sleep is coupled to an oscillator within the dorsomedial suprachiasmatic nucleus. | sleep is consistently concentrated to a specific time of the day. its timing and consolidation depend on the interplay between a homeostatic and a circadian process of sleep regulation [1-3]. sleep propensity rises as a homeostatic response to increasing wake time, whereas a circadian clock determines the specific time when sleep will probably occur. this two-process regulation of sleep also determines which specific sleep stage will be manifested, and the circadian process governs tightly the m ... | 2009 | 19375313 |
| influence of the novel antidepressant and melatonin agonist/serotonin2c receptor antagonist, agomelatine, on the rat sleep-wake cycle architecture. | the novel antidepressant, agomelatine, behaves as an agonist at melatonin mt(1) and mt(2) receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin (5-ht)(2c) receptors. in animal models and clinical trials, agomelatine displays antidepressant properties and re-synchronizes disrupted circadian rhythms. | 2009 | 19370342 |
| blockade of orexin-1 receptors attenuates orexin-2 receptor antagonism-induced sleep promotion in the rat. | orexins are peptides produced by lateral hypothalamic neurons that exert a prominent role in the maintenance of wakefulness by activating orexin-1 (ox1r) and orexin-2 (ox2r) receptor located in wake-active structures. pharmacological blockade of both receptors by the dual ox1/2r antagonist (2r)-2-[(1s)-6,7-dimethoxy-1-{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1h)-yl]-n-methyl-2-phenylethanamide (almorexant) has been shown to promote sleep in animals and humans during their ac ... | 2009 | 19363060 |
| activity profiles of cholinergic and intermingled gabaergic and putative glutamatergic neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum of urethane-anesthetized rats. | cholinergic neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum form part of the ascending activating system and are thought to participate in stimulating cortical activation. yet in the laterodorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (ldt and ppt), they lie intermingled with gabaergic and glutamatergic neurons, which could also modulate cortical activity and sleep-wake state. to characterize the discharge of these cell types in relation to cortical activity, we recorded neurons in urethane ... | 2009 | 19357291 |
| state-dependent auditory evoked hemodynamic responses recorded optically with indwelling photodiodes. | implantable optical technologies provide measurements of cerebral hemodynamic activity from freely behaving animals without movement constraint or anesthesia. in order to study state-dependent neural evoked responses and the consequential hemodynamic response, we simultaneously measured eeg and scattered light changes in chronically implanted rats. recordings took place under freely behaving conditions, allowing us to compare the evoked responses across wake, sleep, and anesthetized states. the ... | 2009 | 19340099 |
| [effects of anti-dementia drugs on sleep-wake patterns in sleep-disturbed rats]. | dementia is a neurologic disorder presenting memory impairment as a main symptom. it is well known that patients often complain of sleep disturbance as an associated symptom in dementia. it has been reported that donepezil caused sleep disturbance, but little is known about the effect of galantamine on sleep-wake patterns. in the present study, we investigated the effects of anti-dementia drugs on sleep-wake patterns in sleep-disturbed rats. single administration of donepezil and galantamine cau ... | 2009 | 19326812 |
| melatonin and melatonergic drugs on sleep: possible mechanisms of action. | pineal melatonin is synthesized and secreted in close association with the light/dark cycle. the temporal relationship between the nocturnal rise in melatonin secretion and the "opening of the sleep gate" (i.e., the increase in sleep propensity at the beginning of the night), coupled with the sleep-promoting effects of exogenous melatonin, suggest that melatonin is involved in the regulation of sleep. the sleep-promoting and sleep/wake rhythm regulating effects of melatonin are attributed to its ... | 2009 | 19326288 |
| characteristic effects of anti-dementia drugs on rat sleep patterns. | the present study was undertaken to clarify the effects of anti-dementia drugs on sleep pattern in rats. electrodes were chronically implanted into the frontal cortex and the dorsal neck muscle of rats for the electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg), respectively. eeg and emg were recorded with an electroencephalograph. sleepsigh ver. 2.0 was used for analysis of the sleep-wake state. total times of waking, non-rapid eye movement (non-rem) sleep, and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep we ... | 2009 | 19305123 |
| refined anatomical isolation of functional sleep circuits exhibits distinctive regional and circadian gene transcriptional profiles. | powerful new approaches to study molecular variation in distinct neuronal populations have recently been developed enabling a more precise investigation of the control of neural circuits involved in complex behaviors such as wake and sleep. we applied laser capture microdissection (lcm) to isolate precise brain nuclei from rat cns at opposing circadian time points associated with wake and sleep. discrete anatomical and temporal analysis was performed to examine the extent of variation in the tra ... | 2009 | 19302983 |
| influence of diabetes on liver injury induced by antitubercular drugs and on silymarin hepatoprotection in rats. | isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide during short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis can result in liver injury. the coexistence of tuberculosis and diabetes is common in patients who receive inadequate treatment. the risk of hepatotoxicity from many toxicants is increased in diabetic rats. silymarin provides protection against liver injury caused by many hepatotoxicants, including antitubercular drugs (atds). in the wake of increased severity of atd-induced hepatotoxicity in diabetes we rep ... | 2008 | 19271021 |
| armodafinil promotes wakefulness and activates fos in rat brain. | modafinil increases waking and labeling of fos, a marker of neuronal activation. in the present study, armodafinil, the r-enantiomer of racemic modafinil, was administered to rats at 30 or 100 mg/kg i.p. about 5 h after lights on (circadian time 5 and near the midpoint of the sleep phase of the sleep:wake cycle) to assess its effects on sleep/wake activity and fos activation. armodafinil at 100 mg/kg increased wakefulness for 2 h, while 30 mg/kg armodafinil only briefly increased wakefulness. ar ... | 2009 | 19249327 |
| paradoxical (rem) sleep deprivation causes a large and rapidly reversible decrease in long-term potentiation, synaptic transmission, glutamate receptor protein levels, and erk/mapk activation in the dorsal hippocampus. | it has been shown that wake (w) and slow wave sleep (sws) modulate synaptic transmission in neocortical projections. however the impact of paradoxical sleep (ps) quantities on synaptic transmission remains unknown. we examined whether ps modulated the excitatory transmission and expression of glutamate receptor subtypes and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-erk1/2). | 2009 | 19238810 |
| circuit projection from suprachiasmatic nucleus to ventral tegmental area: a novel circadian output pathway. | the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) is a circadian pacemaker that synchronizes a number of vital processes. although a great deal of research has focused on input pathways to scn and on the central clock itself, relatively little is known about scn output signaling pathways. the ventral tegmental area (vta) has been extensively studied for its influence in motivated learning and, recently, for a potential role in arousal and sleep-wake regulation. here we present data that scn indirectly projects ... | 2009 | 19200068 |
| melanin-concentrating hormone neurons discharge in a reciprocal manner to orexin neurons across the sleep-wake cycle. | neurons containing melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) are codistributed with neurons containing orexin (orx or hypocretin) in the lateral hypothalamus, a peptide and region known to be critical for maintaining wakefulness. evidence from knockout and c-fos studies suggests, however, that the mch neurons might play a different role than orx neurons in regulating activity and sleep-wake states. to examine this possibility, neurons were recorded across natural sleep-wake states in head-fixed rats a ... | 2009 | 19188611 |
| triggering slow waves during nrem sleep in the rat by intracortical electrical stimulation: effects of sleep/wake history and background activity. | in humans, non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep slow waves occur not only spontaneously but can also be induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. here we investigated whether slow waves can also be induced by intracortical electrical stimulation during sleep in rats. intracortical local field potential (lfp) recordings were obtained from several cortical locations while the frontal or the parietal area was stimulated intracortically with brief (0.1 ms) electrical pulses. recordings were perfo ... | 2009 | 19164101 |
| mechanisms underlying state dependent surface-evoked response patterns. | cortical evoked response potentials (erps) display a rich set of waveforms that are both context and state dependent. however, the mechanisms that underlie state dependent erp patterns are unclear. determining those mechanisms through analysis of single trial erp waveform signatures may provide insight into the regulation of cortical column state and the roles that sleep plays in cortical function. we implanted rats with electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg) electrodes to record er ... | 2009 | 19154778 |
| sleep deprivation increases a(1) adenosine receptor density in the rat brain. | adenosine, increasing after sleep deprivation and acting via the a(1) adenosine receptor (a(1)ar), is likely a key factor in the homeostatic control of sleep. this study examines the impact of sleep deprivation on a(1)ar density in different parts of the rat brain with [(3)h]cpfpx autoradiography. binding of [(3)h]cpfpx was significantly increased in parietal cortex (par) (7%), thalamus (11%) and caudate-putamen (9%) after 24 h of sleep deprivation compared to a control group with an undisturbed ... | 2009 | 19146833 |
| olfactory bulbectomy induces rapid and stable changes in basal and stress-induced locomotor activity, heart rate and body temperature responses in the home cage. | olfactory bulbectomy (obx) in rats causes several behavioral and neurochemical changes. however, the extent and onset of physiological and behavioral changes induced after bulbectomy have been little examined. | 2009 | 19136045 |
| [developmental regulation of sleep/wake cycles in rats]. | 2008 | 19119618 | |
| long-term cognitive deficits accompanied by reduced neurogenesis after soman poisoning. | to date, treatment of organophosphate (op) poisoning shows several shortcomings, and op-victims might suffer from lasting cognitive deficits and sleep-wake disturbances. in the present study, long-term effects of soman poisoning on learning ability, memory and neurogenesis were investigated in rats, treated with the anticholinergic atropine and the oxime hi-6 for reactivation of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. we also investigated whether sub-chronic treatment with the reported neurogenesi ... | 2009 | 19100287 |
| gaps that wake you up. | 2008 | 19090316 | |
| adenosine in the tuberomammillary nucleus inhibits the histaminergic system via a1 receptors and promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep. | adenosine has been proposed to promote sleep through a(1) receptors (a(1)r's) and/or a(2a) receptors in the brain. we previously reported that a(2a) receptors mediate the sleep-promoting effect of prostaglandin d(2), an endogenous sleep-inducing substance, and that activation of these receptors induces sleep and blockade of them by caffeine results in wakefulness. on the other hand, a(1)r has been suggested to increase sleep by inhibition of the cholinergic region of the basal forebrain. however ... | 2008 | 19066225 |
| acute vasoconstriction: decrease and recovery of cerebral blood flow after various intensities of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. | immediate vasoconstriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) has been observed in a number of experimental studies. however, it has not yet been examined which pattern this acute-type vascular reaction follows and whether it correlates with the intensity of sah. it was the purpose of the present study to vary the extent of sah using the endovascular filament model of sah with increasing filament sizes and to compare the course of intracranial pressure (icp), cerebral perfusion pressure (cpp), ... | 2009 | 19061352 |
| modulation of group ii metabotropic glutamate receptor (mglu2) elicits common changes in rat and mice sleep-wake architecture. | compiling pharmacological evidence implicates metabotropic glutamate mglu(2) receptors in the regulation of emotional states and suggests positive modulators as a novel therapeutic approach of anxiety/depression and schizophrenia. here, we investigated subcutaneous effects of the metabotropic glutamate mglu(2/3) agonist (ly354740) on sleep-wake architecture in rat. to confirm the specific effects on rapid eye movement (rem) sleep were mediated via metabotropic glutamate mglu(2) receptors, we cha ... | 2009 | 19046965 |
| the nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is a wake-inducing agent. | cannabidiol (cbd) is a constituent of cannabis sativa that induces nonpsychotropic effects, and some of its biological actions in sleep have been described by the authors' group. here, the authors report that when administered 10 or 20 microg/1 microl during the lights-on period directly into either lateral hypothalamus (lh) or dorsal raphe nuclei (drn), which are wake-inducing brain areas, cbd enhanced wakefulness and decreased slow wave sleep and rem sleep. furthermore, cbd increased alpha and ... | 2008 | 19045957 |
| inducible nitric oxide synthase and amp-activated protein kinase in basal forebrain during prolonged waking. | activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and the subsequent production of adenosine in basal forebrain in the early phase of prolonged waking suggest that the wake-promoting basal forebrain is selectively sensitive to the metabolic demands of waking. in this study, inos protein, and activation of amp-activated protein kinase - a marker of decreased cellular energy charge - were measured in the rat basal forebrain and cortex during prolonged waking (1.5-, 3- and 6 h). the site-specifi ... | 2009 | 19033879 |
| chronic alcohol treatment in rats alters sleep by fragmenting periods of vigilance cycling in the light period with extended wakenings. | studies have shown that disturbed sleep produced by chronic alcohol abuse in humans can predict relapse drinking after periods of abstinence. how alcohol produces disturbed sleep remains unknown. in this study we used a novel analysis of sleep to examine the effects of alcohol on sleep patterns in rats. this analysis separates waking into multiple components and defines a period labeled vigilance cycling (vc) in which the rat rapidly cycles through various vigilance states. these vc episodes are ... | 2009 | 19014977 |
| rapid alterations in cortical protein profiles underlie spontaneous sleep and wake bouts. | existing data indicate that sleep-wakefulness is an essential behavior. the biological function(s) of sleep, however, remains unknown, due, in part, to the lack of information available at the intracellular level. preliminary microarray analyses show that changes in behavioral state influence regional mrna profiles; however, the impact of sleep on protein signatures is virtually unexplored. in these studies, cortical protein profiles were examined after timed bouts of spontaneous sleep-wakefulne ... | 2008 | 19003977 |
| activation of serotonin 5-ht1-receptors decreased gripping-induced immobility episodes in taiep rats. | the taiep rat is a myelin mutant that shows a disorganized sleep-wake cycle and immobility episodes (ies) when the animals are gripped at the base of the tail. during ies electroencephalographic recordings show a rapid eye movement (rem) sleep-like pattern. these alterations are quite similar to those reported in narcolepsy-cataplexy. pharmacologically, systemic administration of alpha(2) adrenoceptor agonists increases gripping-induced ies, whereas alpha(2) antagonists decrease them. however pr ... | 2009 | 18996171 |
| electrophysiological correlates of sleep disturbance induced by acute and chronic administration of d-amphetamine. | sleep disturbance is the strongest predictor of manic relapse and is considered one of the most important objective measures of treatment response in bipolar disorder (bd). however, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sleep disturbance in bd are poorly understood. the administration of psychostimulants to rodents can trigger a number of manic-like behaviors. therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of single and repeated d-amphetamine (amph) administration on sleep patt ... | 2009 | 18992721 |
| possible mechanism involved in sleep deprivation-induced memory dysfunction. | sleep deprivation disrupts various vital biological and metabolic processes that are necessary for health. the present study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms of sleep deprivation-induced memory dysfunction by using different behavioral, biochemical and neurochemical parameters. male wistar rats were sleep deprived for 72 h using a grid suspended over water. elevated plus maze, passive avoidance and morris water maze tests were used to assess memory retention in 72-h sleep-depr ... | 2008 | 18985181 |
| orexin (hypocretin) gene transfer diminishes narcoleptic sleep behavior in mice. | gene transfer has proven to be an effective neurobiological tool in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, but it is not known if it can correct a sleep disorder. narcolepsy is a neurodegenerative sleep disorder linked to the loss of neurons containing the neuropeptide orexin, also known as hypocretin. here, a replication-defective herpes simplex virus-1 amplicon-based vector was constructed to transfer the gene for mouse prepro-orexin into mice with a genetic deletion of the orexin gene. after ... | 2008 | 18973565 |
| salubrinal, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, promotes deep slow wave sleep. | previous work showed that sleep is associated with increased brain protein synthesis and that arrest of protein synthesis facilitates sleep. arrest of protein synthesis is induced during the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress response, through phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (p-eif2alpha). we tested a hypothesis that elevation of p-eif2alpha would facilitate sleep. we studied the effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of salubrinal (salub), which increases p-eif2alpha ... | 2009 | 18971348 |
| opioidergic projections to sleep-active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. | although opioids are known to influence sleep-wake regulation, the neuroanatomic substrate(s) mediating these effects remain unresolved. we hypothesized that the influence of opiates on sleep may be mediated, at least in part, by the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (vlpo), a key cell group for producing behavioral sleep. by combining in situ hybridization for kappa and mu receptor mrna with immunostaining of fos expressed by vlpo cells during sleep we show that >85% of sleep-active vlpo neurons c ... | 2008 | 18840417 |
| novel analysis of sleep patterns in rats separates periods of vigilance cycling from long-duration wake events. | rats are polyphasic sleepers. however, a formal definition of when one sleep episode ends and another begins has not been put forth. in the present study we examine the distribution of wake episode durations and based on this distribution conclude there are multiple components of wake. if the wake episode exceeds 300 s the wake episode is assigned to long-duration wake (ldw), if the episode is less than 300 s it is assigned to brief wake (bw). further support for this separation was found in clo ... | 2009 | 18835301 |
| the anandamide membrane transporter inhibitor, vdm-11, modulates sleep and c-fos expression in the rat brain. | endogenous cannabinoids or endocannabinoids are lipid molecules that have a variety of biological actions, most notably via activation of the cannabinoid receptors. the family of endocannabinoids includes arachidonoylethanolamide (ana) which modulates different behaviors, such as sleep. however, it is unknown whether pharmacological elevation of ana endogenous levels might induce sleep. vdm 11 [(5 z,8 z,11 z,14 z)-n-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide] is commonly used as an ... | 2008 | 18822353 |
| participation of the cholinergic system in the ethanol-induced suppression of paradoxical sleep in rats. | sleep disturbance is among the many consequences of ethanol abuse in both humans and rodents. ethanol consumption can reduce rem or paradoxical sleep (ps) in humans and rats, respectively. the first aim of this study was to develop an animal model of ethanol-induced ps suppression. this model administered intragastrically (by gavage) to male wistar rats (3 months old, 200-250 g) 0.5 to 3.5 g/kg ethanol. the 3.5 g/kg dose of ethanol suppressed the ps stage compared with the vehicle group (distill ... | 2008 | 18820768 |
| rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats. | the histamine-containing posterior hypothalamic region (ph-tmn) plays a key role in sleep-wake regulation. we investigated rapid changes in glutamate release in the ph-tmn across the sleep-wake cycle with a glutamate biosensor that allows the measurement of glutamate levels at 1- to 4-s resolution. in the ph-tmn, glutamate levels increased in active waking (aw) and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep compared with quiet waking and nonrapid eye movement (nrem) sleep. there was a rapid (0.6 +/- 1.8 s) ... | 2008 | 18815208 |
| the role of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in adenosine-mediated homeostatic control of sleep: lessons from 192 igg-saporin lesions. | a topic of high current interest and controversy is the basis of the homeostatic sleep response, the increase in non-rapid-eye-movement (nrem) sleep and nrem-delta activity following sleep deprivation (sd). adenosine, which accumulates in the cholinergic basal forebrain (bf) during sd, has been proposed as one of the important homeostatic sleep factors. it is suggested that sleep-inducing effects of adenosine are mediated by inhibiting the wake-active neurons of the bf, including cholinergic neu ... | 2008 | 18805464 |
| oscillatory bands, neuronal synchrony and hippocampal function: implications of the effects of prenatal choline supplementation for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. | choline supplementation of the maternal diet has long-term facilitative effects on spatial and temporal memory processes in the offspring. to further delineate the impact of early nutritional status on brain and behavior, we examined effects of prenatal-choline availability on hippocampal oscillatory frequency bands in 12 month-old male and female rats. adult offspring of time-pregnant dams that were given a deficient level of choline (def=0.0 g/kg), sufficient choline (con=1.1 g/kg) or suppleme ... | 2008 | 18793620 |
| rebound insomnia induced by abrupt withdrawal of hypnotics in sleep-disturbed rats. | the present study was performed to examine whether or not rebound insomnia is caused by an abrupt withdrawal of benzodiazepine hypnotics and tandospirone in rats. etizolam and triazolam caused a significant shortening of sleep latency, increase in non-rem sleep time, and decrease in wake time in a dose-dependent manner. etizolam and triazolam caused a significant shortening of sleep latency during drug administration (for 7 days), whereas a significant prolongation of sleep latency was observed ... | 2008 | 18789918 |
| drug delivery through a chronically implanted stomach catheter improves efficiency of evaluating wake-promoting components. | to avoid the stress encountered during oral drug administration, we implanted chronically a catheter into the stomach, and recorded electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram, in freely moving rats to evaluate their sleep-wake pattern. rats with catheters in their stomach did not exhibit any changes in sleep-wake profiles in terms of sleep amount, number of episodes and eeg power spectra. when administered through the catheter, caffeine (6mg/kg) statistically increased wakefulness, as compare ... | 2008 | 18761374 |
| expression of kir3.3 potassium channel subunits in supraependymal axons. | the serotonergic system of the brainstem raphe is involved in mood control, the sleep-wake cycle, autonomic function, and stress response. the axons of certain dorsal raphe neurons form a dense serotonergic supraependymal plexus lining the brain ventricles, likely regulating ependymal metabolism and activity including ciliary movements and glucose homeostasis. in raphe neurons, serotonin exerts its function partly via 5-ht autoreceptors and g protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels ... | 2008 | 18755244 |
| estradiol replacement enhances sleep deprivation-induced c-fos immunoreactivity in forebrain arousal regions of ovariectomized rats. | to understand how female sex hormones influence homeostatic mechanisms of sleep, we studied the effects of estradiol (e(2)) replacement on c-fos immunoreactivity in sleep/wake-regulatory brain areas after sleep deprivation (sd) in ovariectomized rats. adult rats were ovariectomized and implanted subcutaneously with capsules containing 17beta-e(2) (10.5 microg; to mimic diestrous e(2) levels) or oil. after 2 wk, animals with e(2) capsules received a single subcutaneous injection of 17beta-e(2) (1 ... | 2008 | 18753261 |
| inactivation of median preoptic nucleus causes c-fos expression in hypocretin- and serotonin-containing neurons in anesthetized rat. | the median preoptic nucleus (mnpn) of the hypothalamus contains sleep-active neurons including sleep-active gabaergic neurons and is involved in the regulation of nonrem/rem sleep. the hypocretinergic (hcrt) neurons of the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area (pf-lha) and serotonergic (5-ht) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn) are mostly active during waking and have been implicated in the regulation of arousal. mnpn gabaergic neurons project to the pf-lha and drn. it is hypothesized tha ... | 2008 | 18722360 |
| muscarinic-2 and orexin-2 receptors on gabaergic and other neurons in the rat mesopontine tegmentum and their potential role in sleep-wake state control. | acetylcholine (ach) plays an important role in the promotion of paradoxical sleep (ps) with muscle atonia through the muscarinic-2 receptor (m2r) in the mesopontine tegmentum. conversely, orexin (orx or hypocretin) appears to be critical for the maintenance of waking with muscle tone through the orexin-2 (or hypocretin-b) receptor (orx2r), which is lacking in dogs having narcolepsy with cataplexy. in dual-immunostained material viewed under fluorescence microscopy, we examined the presence and d ... | 2008 | 18709662 |
| identification of a population of sleep-active cerebral cortex neurons. | the presence of large-amplitude, slow waves in the eeg is a primary characteristic that distinguishes cerebral activity during sleep from that which occurs during wakefulness. although sleep-active neurons have been identified in other brain areas, neurons that are specifically activated during slow-wave sleep have not previously been described in the cerebral cortex. we have identified a population of cells in the cortex that is activated during sleep in three mammalian species. these cortical ... | 2008 | 18645184 |
| mdma treatment 6 months earlier attenuates the effects of cp-94,253, a 5-ht1b receptor agonist, on motor control but not sleep inhibition. | the possible long-term effects of the recreational drug "ecstasy" (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, mdma) on the function of 5-hydroxytryptamine-1b (5-ht(1b)) receptor in sleep and motor control were investigated using a selective 5-ht(1b) receptor agonist, 5-propoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyrinzidyl)-1h-pyrrolo([3,2-b])pyridine hydrochloride (cp-94,253; 5 mg/kg). cp-94,253 or vehicle was administered to freely moving rats pre-treated with mdma (15 mg/kg) or vehicle 6 months earlier, and poly ... | 2008 | 18638459 |
| endogenous glutamatergic control of rhythmically active mammalian respiratory motoneurons in vivo. | the transmission of rhythmic drive to respiratory motoneurons in vitro is critically dependent on glutamate acting primarily on non-nmda receptors. we determined whether both non-nmda and nmda receptors contribute to respiratory drive transmission at respiratory motoneurons in the intact organism, both in the state of anesthesia and in the same animals during natural behaviors. twenty-seven rats were implanted with electroencephalogram and neck electrodes to record sleep-wake states and genioglo ... | 2008 | 18596158 |
| studies on somnolence in the daytime caused by drugs used for neuropathic pain. | in the present study, the characteristics of the sleep features of amitriptyline, mexiletine, and n-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-cholorphyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyradine-1(2h)-carbox-amide (bctc) were studied. electrodes were chronically implanted into the frontal cortex and the dorsal neck muscles of rats for electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg) measurements, respectively. eeg and emg were recorded with an electroencephalograph, and sleepsign ver. 2.0. was used for sleep-wake state ... | 2008 | 18587220 |
| urotensin ii evokes neurotransmitter release from rat cerebrocortical slices. | urotensin ii (uii) has been reported to modulate rapid eye movement (rem) sleep via activation of brainstem cholinergic neurons and rem sleep is regulated by locus coerleus (lc)-cerebrocortical noradrenergic neurons. we hypothesized that uii may activate lc-cerebrocortical noradrenergic neurons. to test this hypothesis, we have examined the effects of uii on norepinephrine release from rat cerebrocortical slices. in addition, the effect of the putative ut receptor antagonist [pen(5), dtrp(7), da ... | 2008 | 18572318 |
| the effect of clomipramine on wake/sleep and orexinergic expression in rats. | we have previously found that neonatal treatment with clomipramine (cli) induced a decrease in brain orexins during the juvenile period and that these changes were reversed at adulthood. this study investigated the effect of cli on the orexinergic component and sleep/wake states. two groups of adult male rats were conducted for 48-h polysomnographic recording. one group of rats was treated with cli (20 mg/kg every 12 h), and a second group was treated with equivolume of saline (sal) simultaneous ... | 2009 | 18562438 |
| glutamic acid stimulation of the perifornical-lateral hypothalamic area promotes arousal and inhibits non-rem/rem sleep. | the orexinergic neurons, localized in the perifornical hypothalamic area (pef), are active during waking and quiet during non-rapid eye movement (non-rem) and rem sleep. orexins promote arousal and suppress non-rem and rem sleep. although in vitro studies suggest that pef-orexinergic neurons are under glutamatergic influence, the sleep-wake behavioral consequences of glutamatergic activation of those neurons are not known. we examined the effects of bilateral glutamatergic activation of neurons ... | 2008 | 18534750 |
| eeg power spectrum and neural network based sleep-hypnogram analysis for a model of heat stress. | an effective application of back- propagation artificial neural network (ann) in preparation of sleep-hypnogram based on electroencephalogram (eeg) power spectra under acute as well as chronic heat stress has been presented. | 2008 | 18521711 |
| cold exposure and sleep in the rat: rem sleep homeostasis and body size. | exposure to low ambient temperature (ta) depresses rem sleep (rems) occurrence. in this study, both short and long-term homeostatic aspects of rems regulation were analyzed during cold exposure and during subsequent recovery at ta 24 degrees c. | 2008 | 18517040 |
| perinatal alcohol exposure leads to prolonged upregulation of hypothalamic gaba a receptors and increases behavioral sensitivity to gaboxadol. | prenatal alcohol exposure (ae) is associated with lasting abnormalities of sleep and motor development, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. we hypothesized that ae alters development of gabaergic signaling in the hypothalamic regions important for the control of sleep and motor activity. alcohol (5.25 g/(kg day)) was administered intragastrically to male rats on postnatal days (pd) 4-9, a period of brain development equivalent to the human third trimester (ae group). control pups were sha ... | 2008 | 18514412 |
| serotoninergic dorsal raphe neurons possess functional postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | very few neurons in the telencephalon have been shown to express functional postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs), among them, the noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons. however, there is no evidence for postsynaptic nachrs on serotonergic neurons. in this study, we asked if functional nachrs are present in serotonergic (5-ht) and nonserotonergic (non-5-ht) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn). in rat midbrain slices, field stimulation at the tegmental pedunculopontine (p ... | 2008 | 18512214 |
| neuroglobin in the rat brain (ii): co-localisation with neurotransmitters. | in an accompanying article, we found that neuroglobin (ngb) was expressed in a few well-defined nuclei in the rat brain. here, we show by use of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation (ish) that ngb co-localise with several specific neurotransmitters. ngb co-localise consistently with tyrosine hydroxylase (th) in the noradrenergic/adrenergic a1/c1 and a2/c2; the noradrenergic a5, a6 and a7. ngb were not observed to co-localise th in the dopaminergic a8-a16 cell populations. ngb were only ... | 2008 | 18509243 |
| effects of chloramphenicol on brain energy metabolism using 31p spectroscopy: influences on sleep-wake states in rat. | effects of chloramphenicol (antibiotic inhibiting complex-1 of respiratory chain) and thioamphenicol (tap, a structural analog of cap inactive on complex-1) were examined on cerebral energy metabolites and sleep-wake cycle architecture in rat. in the first group, animals were chronically equipped with a cranial surface resonator and (31)p spectroscopic measurements were performed using a 2 t magnetic resonance spectrometer (operating frequency 34.46 mhz). cap administration (400 mg/kg, tail vein ... | 2008 | 18507739 |
| effect of acute gouty arthritis on sleep patterns: a preclinical study. | it has been demonstrated that the interrelation between pain and sleep produces changes in sleep patterns and pain perception. although some evidences suggest that sleep and pain may interact in a complex way, polysomnographic studies in animals with acute nociception are limited in number. | 2009 | 18501649 |