Publications

genome-wide rnai screen for viral replication in mammalian cell culture.	influenza infections are considered a global threat to public health and cause seasonal epidemics and recurring pandemics. high mutation rates facilitate the generation of viral escape mutants rendering vaccines and drugs directed against virus-encoded targets ineffective. one alternative approach that could prevent viral escape is the targeting of host cell determinants that are temporarily dispensable for the host but crucial for virus replication. here, we report a genome-wide rnai screening ...	2011	21431699
credibility of digital content in a healthcare collaborative community.	with the increased number of new diseases that are appearing in the world, such as swine flu [influenza a(h1n1)], and the increased awareness of the importance of sharing medical ideas, information, experience, knowledge, and research results, there is an urgent demand for a collaboration framework. such a framework depends on deploying, discovering, and using digital content. this inevitably leads to the generation of large amounts of digital content from different healthcare users, which requi ...	2011	21431613
comparative evaluation of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with and without h1n1 infection at a tertiary care referral center.	h1n1 subtype of influenza a virus has clinical presentation ranging from mild flu like illness to severe lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). the aim of our study was to compare the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and mortality of critically ill patients with (h1n1+) and without h1n1 infection (h1n1-). we retrospectively analyzed medical charts of patients admitted in "swine flu icu" with ards from august 2009 to may 2010. real-time reverse transcriptas ...	2011	21431053
[effect of zanamivir substance on infection induced by highly pathogenic avian influenza a/h5n1 in cell cultures].	in vitro experiments revealed that zanamivir substance had high antiviral activity against infection induced by genotypes 2.2 and 2.3.2 of highly virulent influenza a/h5n1 virus in the porcine embryonic renal epithelial (pere) cell cultures. zanamivir at used concentrations (1.0 microg/ml or lower) had no cytotoxic properties and was equally highly effective when used for prevention (1 hour prior to cell inoculation), treatment-and-prevention (at the time of cell inoculation), and treatment (2 h ...	2011	21427950
clinical performance of three rapid diagnostic tests for influenza virus in nasopharyngeal specimens to detect novel swine-origin influenza viruses.	influenza is an important public health problem. the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of three rapid diagnostic tests (sekisui, quickvue influenza a + b, and sd bioline) for novel swine-origin influenza viruses (s-oiv) and seasonal influenza.	2011	21424855
phylogenetic analysis of h1n1 sequences from pandemic infections during 2009 in india.	since april 2009, a serious pandemic infection has been rapidly spread across the world. these infections are caused due to the novel swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus and hence these are commonly called as "swine flu". this new virus is the reassortment of avian, human and swine influenza viruses and thus it has a unique genome composition. there are 16 different types of hemagglutinin (ha) and 9 different types of neuraminidase (na) that can be genetically and antigenetically differentiate ...	2011	21423887
isolation and complete genomic characterization of h1n1 subtype swine influenza viruses in southern china through the 2009 pandemic.	the swine influenza (si) is an infectious disease of swine and human. the novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) that emerged from april 2009 in mexico spread rapidly and caused a human pandemic globally. to determine whether the tremendous virus had existed in or transmitted to pigs in southern china, eight h1n1 influenza strains were identified from pigs of guangdong province during 2008-2009.	2011	21418598
no viremia of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 was demonstrated in blood donors who had donated blood during the probable incubation period.	in the spring of 2009, the novel swine-origin influenza a (pandemic [h1n1] 2009) virus emerged and spread globally. although no established cases of transfusion-transmitted influenza have been reported, the widespread outbreak of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 caused serious concern regarding the safety of blood products. the japanese red cross blood centers have intercepted blood products with accompanying postdonation information indicating possible pandemic (h1n1) 2009 infection. to study the risk of t ...	2011	21414008
health care workers and swine flu.		2011	21402821
benign acute childhood myositis following swine flu.		2011	21401780
a novel method of characterizing genetic sequences: genome space with biological distance and applications.	most existing methods for phylogenetic analysis involve developing an evolutionary model and then using some type of computational algorithm to perform multiple sequence alignment. there are two problems with this approach: (1) different evolutionary models can lead to different results, and (2) the computation time required for multiple alignments makes it impossible to analyse the phylogeny of a whole genome. this motivates us to create a new approach to characterize genetic sequences.	2011	21399690
detection of influenza a virus in porcine oral fluid samples.	porcine oral fluids have been used for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2. the objective of the present study was to determine whether influenza a virus (fluav) is present in porcine oral fluids at detectable levels and to validate a standard fluav molecular diagnostic test for porcine oral fluids. pen-based oral fluid samples were collected on 3, 4, 5, and 6 days postinfection (dpi) from 4 groups of 6 pigs each that were inoculated intr ...	2011	21398442
a meta-analysis of point-of-care laboratory tests in the diagnosis of novel 2009 swine-lineage pandemic influenza a (h1n1).	this paper reviews 14 published studies describing performance characteristics, including sensitivity and specificity, of commercially available rapid, point-of-care (poc) influenza tests in patients affected by an outbreak of a novel swine-related influenza a (h1n1) that was declared a pandemic in 2009. although these poc tests were not intended to be specific for this pandemic influenza strain, the nonspecialized skills required and the timeliness of results make these poc tests potentially va ...	2011	21396538
swine influenza virus antibodies in humans, western europe, 2009.	serologic studies for swine influenza viruses (sivs) in humans with occupational exposure to swine have been reported from the americas but not from europe. we compared levels of neutralizing antibodies against 3 influenza viruses--pandemic (h1n1) 2009, an avian-like enzootic subtype h1n1 siv, and a 2007-08 seasonal subtype h1n1--in 211 persons with swine contact and 224 matched controls in luxembourg. persons whose profession involved contact with swine had more neutralizing antibodies against ...	2011	21392430
fatal 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) in a bone marrow transplant recipient.	conditions characterized by immunosuppression have been recently reported as risk factors for severe novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) infection during the current 2009 pandemic.-á we report clinical and virological findings, antiviral therapy, and post-mortem study of s-oiv in an adult bone marrow transplant recipient. the viral genome was amplified by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. the patient developed ...	2011	21389594
a canadian critical care trials group project in collaboration with the international forum for acute care trialists - collaborative h1n1 adjuvant treatment pilot trial (chat): study protocol and design of a randomized controlled trial.	swine origin influenza a/h1n1 infection (h1n1) emerged in early 2009 and rapidly spread to humans. for most infected individuals, symptoms were mild and self-limited; however, a small number developed a more severe clinical syndrome characterized by profound respiratory failure with hospital mortality ranging from 10 to 30%. while supportive care and neuraminidase inhibitors are the main treatment for influenza, data from observational and interventional studies suggest that the course of influe ...	2011	21388549
uptake of influenza and swine flu vaccination in immunocompromised patients.		2011	21387886
phylogenetic diversity and genotypical complexity of h9n2 influenza a viruses revealed by genomic sequence analysis.	h9n2 influenza a viruses have become established worldwide in terrestrial poultry and wild birds, and are occasionally transmitted to mammals including humans and pigs. to comprehensively elucidate the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of h9n2 influenza viruses, we performed a large-scale sequence analysis of 571 viral genomes from the ncbi influenza virus resource database, representing the spectrum of h9n2 influenza viruses isolated from 1966 to 2009. our study provides a panoramic fram ...	2011	21386964
a new distribution vector and its application in genome clustering.	in this paper we report a novel mathematical method to transform the dna sequences into the distribution vectors which correspond to points in the sixty dimensional space. each component of the distribution vector represents the distribution of one kind of nucleotide in k segments of the dna sequences. the mathematical and statistical properties of the distribution vectors are demonstrated and examined with huge datasets of human dna sequences and random sequences. the determined expectation and ...	2011	21385621
[current situation of a/h1n1 influenza in the world].	between march and april, 2009 a new strain of influenza capable of causing severe disease and mortality in humans was identified in north america, leading to the declaration by the world health organization (who) of the first pandemic of the 21st century. the prompt intervention of world health authorities allowed the early identification of the virus as triple assortment a(h1n1) derived from avian, swine and human viruses, and a descendant of the a(h1n1) virus that caused the 1918 influenza pan ...	2010	21384641
pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus revisited: an evolutionary retrospective.	the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus is unique in many aspects, especially in its genetics and evolution. in this paper, we examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this novel virus through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, and present results in the context of a review of the literature. the pandemic virus was found to arise from a reassortment of two swine viruses, each of which ultimately arose from interspecies transmission. it experienced fast evolutionary rates and str ...	2011	21382522
identification of an h6n6 swine influenza virus in southern china.	this is the first report of avian-like h6n6 swine influenza virus from swine in southern china. phylogenetic analysis indicated that this virus might originate from domestic ducks. serological surveillance suggested there had been sporadic h6 swine influenza infections in this area. continuing study is required to determine if this virus could be established in the swine population and pose potential threats to public health.	2011	21382518
an elastase-dependent attenuated heterologous swine influenza virus protects against pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza challenge in swine.	influenza virus infections continue to cause production losses in the agricultural industry in addition to being a human public health concern. the primary method to control influenza is through vaccination. however, currently used killed influenza virus vaccines must be closely matched to the challenge virus. the ability of an elastase-dependent live attenuated influenza a virus was evaluated to protect pigs against the pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus. pigs vaccinated intranasally or intratr ...	2011	21382482
[pandemic influenza a/h1n1 (sw2009) in russia: epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical picture, and treatment].	to study the epidemiological and clinical features of the 2009-2010 pandemic influenza in russia.	2010	21381341
high genetic compatibility and increased pathogenicity of reassortants derived from avian h9n2 and pandemic h1n1/2009 influenza viruses.	h9n2 influenza viruses have been circulating worldwide in multiple avian species and repeatedly infecting mammals, including pigs and humans, posing a significant threat to public health. the coexistence of h9n2 and pandemic influenza h1n1/2009 viruses in pigs and humans provides an opportunity for these viruses to reassort. to evaluate the potential public risk of the reassortant viruses derived from these viruses, we used reverse genetics to generate 127 h9 reassortants derived from an avian h ...	2011	21368167
a perspective on the 2009 a/h1n1 influenza pandemic in mexico.	in this article, we provide a chronological description of the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic in mexico from the detection of severe respiratory disease among young adults in central mexico and the identification of the novel swine-origin influenza virus to the response of mexican public health authorities with the swift implementation of the national preparedness and response plan for pandemic influenza. furthermore, we review some features of the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic in mexico in relatio ...	2011	21361409
epidemic spread of influenza viruses: the impact of transient populations on disease dynamics.	the recent h1n1 ("swine flu") pandemic and recent h5n1 ("avian flu") outbreaks have brought increased attention to the study of the role of animal populations as reservoirs for pathogens that could invade human populations. it is believed that pigs acquired flu strains from birds and humans, acting as a mixing vessel in generating new influenza viruses. assessing the role of animal reservoirs, particularly reservoirs involving highly mobile populations (like migratory birds), on disease dispersa ...	2011	21361408
carbon nanotube electric immunoassay for the detection of swine influenza virus h1n1.	a low-cost, label-free, ultra-sensitive electric immunoassay is developed for the detection of swine influenza virus (siv) h1n1. the assay is based on the excellent electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts). antibody-virus complexes influence the conductance of underlying swcnt thin film, which has been constructed by facile layer-by-layer self-assembly. the basic steps of conventional immunoassay are performed followed by the electric characterization of immunochips at th ...	2011	21354779
comparison of the receptor binding properties of contemporary swine isolates and early human pandemic h1n1 isolates (novel 2009 h1n1).	we have utilized glycan microarray technology to determine the receptor binding properties of early isolates from the recent 2009 h1n1 human pandemic (pdmh1n1), and compared them to north american swine influenza isolates from the same year, as well as past seasonal h1n1 human isolates. we showed that the pdmh1n1 strains, as well as the swine influenza isolates examined, bound almost exclusively to glycans with a2,6-linked sialic acid with little binding detected for a2,3-linked species. this is ...	2011	21353280
programming the magnitude and persistence of antibody responses with innate immunity.	many successful vaccines induce persistent antibody responses that can last a lifetime. the mechanisms by which they do so remain unclear, but emerging evidence indicates that they activate dendritic cells via toll-like receptors (tlrs). for example, the yellow fever vaccine yf-17d, one of the most successful empiric vaccines ever developed, activates dendritic cells via multiple tlrs to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines. triggering specific combinations of tlrs in dendritic cells can induce s ...	2011	21350488
coupling sensitive in vitro and in silico techniques to assess cross-reactive cd4(+) t cells against the swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus.	the outbreak of the novel swine-origin h1n1 influenza in the spring of 2009 took epidemiologists, immunologists, and vaccinologists by surprise and galvanized a massive worldwide effort to produce millions of vaccine doses to protect against this single virus strain. of particular concern was the apparent lack of pre-existing antibody capable of eliciting cross-protective immunity against this novel virus, which fueled fears this strain would trigger a particularly far-reaching and lethal pandem ...	2011	21349362
[analyses of serological and genetic characteristics on novel h1n1 influenza a virus from the infected patient in shenzhen].	analysis of serological and genetic characteristics on 2009 swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) isolated from four patients with severe disease in shenzhen were performed. microneutralization assay showed that the neutralizing antibody titers of the infected patients did not exceed 1 : 20 in a short term post infection, which could not neutralize the viruses efficiently. hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests confirmed that the antigenicity of s-oiv from the patients was distinct from ...	2010	21344749
neuraminidase inhibitor sensitivity and receptor-binding specificity of cambodian clade 1 highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus.	the evolution of the highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus produces genetic variations that can lead to changes in antiviral susceptibility and in receptor-binding specificity. in countries where the highly pathogenic h5n1 virus is endemic or causes regular epidemics, the surveillance of these changes is important for assessing the pandemic risk. in cambodia between 2004 and 2010, there have been 26 outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus in poultry and 10 reported human cases, 8 of ...	2011	21343450
perspective: swine-origin influenza: 1976 and 2009.	i am in a unique situation, having been involved in 2 major us public health events resulting from novel swine-origin influenza viruses. in 1976, i was director of the center for disease control (cdc, the name of the agency at the time) when a new influenza virus, characterized as an influenza a(h1n1) swine virus, was isolated from military recruits at fort dix, new jersey. subsequently, i led the cdc through the us response to this outbreak, which culminated in the decision to implement the swi ...	2011	21342898
hiv-infected hospitalized patients with 2009 pandemic influenza a (ph1n1)--united states, spring and summer 2009.	we describe the clinical findings of hiv-infected patients hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza a (ph1n1). data were derived from 3 separate case series in the united states. among 911 adults hospitalized with ph1n1 influenza, 31 (3.4%) were hiv infected compared with an hiv prevalence of 0.45% in the general us adult population. hiv-infected influenza patients experienced similar rates of intensive care unit admission (29% vs 34%) and death (13% vs 13%) compared with non-hiv-infected patie ...	2011	21342893
clinical features of children with pneumonia from swine-origin influenza a virus h1n1: a single center experience in japan.		2011	21342340
atypical characteristics of nucleoprotein of pandemic influenza virus h1n1 and their roles in reassortment restriction.	sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein (np) of swine-origin influenza virus h1n1 (s-oiv) reveals a number of atypical characteristics including an early start codon and a highly conserved, non-aromatic residue at position 313. using an in vitro viral polymerase reconstitution assay, we found that the polymerase complex containing the np of s-oiv (np(s-oiv)) yielded substantially lower activity than those assayed with np derived from other influenza virus strains. moreover, alteration of the earl ...	2011	21340741
pathological and ultrastructural analysis of surgical lung biopsies in patients with swine-origin influenza type a/h1n1 and acute respiratory failure.	cases of h1n1 and other pulmonary infections evolve to acute respiratory failure and death when co-infections or lung injury predominate over the immune response, thus requiring early diagnosis to improve treatment.	2010	21340209
validity of two rapid point of care influenza tests and direct fluorecence assay in comparison of real time pcr for swine of origin influenza virus.	a novel swine origin influenza virus (s-oiv) is continue to spread worldwide and a global declaration of 2009 influenza pandemic was made by world health organization (who) june 2009, this along with approaching the winter season at the northern hemisphere, increase the interest to provide a quick, easy, affordable and available point of care testing for s-oiv.	2011	21338954
efficacy of seasonal live attenuated influenza vaccine against virus replication and transmission of a pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus in ferrets.	in march 2009, a swine origin influenza a (2009 h1n1) virus was introduced into the human population and quickly spread from north america to multiple continents. human serologic studies suggest that seasonal influenza virus vaccination or infection would provide little cross-reactive serologic immunity to the pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus. however, the efficacy of seasonal influenza infection or vaccination against 2009 h1n1 virus replication and transmission has not been adequately evaluated in viv ...	2011	21338676
avian and human influenza a virus receptors in trachea and lung of animals.	influenza a viruses are capable of crossing the specific barrier between human beings and animals resulting in interspecies transmission. the important factor of potential infectivity of influenza a viruses is the suitability of the receptor binding site of the host and viruses. the affinities of avian and human influenza virus to bind with the receptors and the distributions of receptors in animals are different.	2010	21337915
the effectiveness of an educational intervention on clinicians' knowledge of pandemic influenza.	the growing numbers of h1n1 "swine influenza" cases should prompt national health systems to achieve dual preparedness: preparedness of clinicians to recognize and treat cases of human h1n1 flu, and national preparedness for an influenza pandemic. this is similar to recent contingency planning for an avian flu pandemic.	2010	21337812
receptor specificity of subtype h1 influenza a viruses isolated from swine and humans in the united states.	the evolution of classical swine influenza viruses receptor specificity preceding the emergence of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic virus was analyzed in glycan microarrays. classical swine influenza viruses from the a, ß, and ? antigenic clusters isolated between 1945 and 2009 revealed a binding profile very similar to that of 2009 pandemic h1n1 viruses, with selectivity for a2-6-linked sialosides and very limited binding to a2-3 sialosides. despite considerable genetic divergence, the 'human-like' h1n1 ...	2011	21333316
acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a fatal complication of swine flu.	acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (anec) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of multifocal symmetrical brain lesions involving mainly thalami, brainstem, cerebellum and white matter. anec is a serious and life threatening complication of simple viral infections. we present a case of a young child who developed this condition with classical clinical and radiological findings consistent with anec, secondary to swine flu (h1n1). he needed ventilatory support and had profou ...	2011	21333249
close relationship between the 2009 h1n1 virus and south dakota aiv strains.	although previous publications suggest the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus was reassorted from swine viruses of north america and eurasia, the immediate ancestry still remains elusive due to the big evolutionary distance between the 2009 h1n1 virus and the previously isolated strains. since the unveiling of the 2009 h1n1 influenza, great deal of interest has been drawn to influenza, consequently a large number of influenza virus sequences have been deposited into the public sequence datab ...	2011	21331891
dna damage and mutagenesis: is it an issue for swine flu?		2010	21329187
a generic system for the expression and purification of soluble and stable influenza neuraminidase.	the influenza surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (na) is essential for the efficient spread of the virus. antiviral drugs such as tamiflu (oseltamivir) and relenza (zanamivir) that inhibit na enzyme activity have been shown to be effective in the treatment of influenza infections. the recent 'swine flu' pandemic and world-wide emergence of tamiflu-resistant seasonal human influenza a(h1n1) h(274)y have highlighted the need for the ongoing development of new anti-virals, efficient production of v ...	2011	21326879
low-dose interferon type i treatment is effective against h5n1 and swine-origin h1n1 influenza a viruses in vitro and in vivo.	the recent emergence of pandemic swine-origin influenza virus (h1n1) and the severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the h5n1 subtype leading to death in humans is a reminder that influenza remains a frightening foe throughout the world. besides vaccination, there is an urgent need for new antiviral strategies to protect against influenza. the innate immune response to influenza viruses involves production of interferon alpha and beta (ifn-a/ß), which plays a crucial role ...	2011	21323570
medical faculty and school of health student knowledge of and behavior regarding swine flu and vaccine, in kahramanmaras, turkey.	this study was carried out to determine medical faculty and school of health student knowledge of and behavior regarding swine flu and vaccine. the study was carried out at kahramanmaras sutcuimam university school of health among the medical faculty and students. all 296 students of the kahramanmaras sutcuimam university school of health and 76 students of the faculty of medicine were supposed to participate in the study. ninety-six point one percent of the students in the study know high fever ...	2011	21323179
fresh swine flu worries.		2011	21322172
communicating information regarding human h1n1-09 virus to high-risk consumers: knowledge and understanding of copd patients in melbourne, australia.	one of the public health challenges during an influenza pandemic is how to rapidly access groups of high-risk individuals to ensure that they have accurate information regarding prevention and management of infection. the aim of this survey was to evaluate the level of understanding of the h1n1-09 (swine flu) pandemic, amongst a high-risk group of individuals with chronic lung disease. this study was conducted in melbourne, australia towards the end of the 2009 pandemic.	2010	21319468
molecular mechanisms of interspecies transmission and pathogenicity of influenza viruses: lessons from the 2009 pandemic.	the emergence of the 2009 h1n1 virus pandemic was unexpected, since it had been predicted that the next pandemic would be caused by subtype h5n1. we also had to learn that a pandemic does not necessarily require the introduction of a new virus subtype into the human population, but that it may result from antigenic shift within the same subtype. the new variant was derived from human and animal viruses by genetic reassortment in the pig, supporting the concept that this animal is the mixing vess ...	2011	21319184
pneumonia in patients with novel influenza a (h1n1) virus in southeastern turkey.	the objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and the radiological and laboratory findings of the hospitalised patients who had novel, laboratory-confirmed, swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) infection with pneumonia. between october and december 2009, 56 patients hospitalised for pneumonia who were tested for s-oiv infection were retrospectively evaluated. thirty-three patients had positive s-oiv infections. in addition, 23 of the 56 patients who had negative test ...	2011	21318739
emergence of novel reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses among ducks in china.	during 2006-2009 influenza virus surveillance, three h3n2 viruses were isolated from ducks in central china. sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that most segments of these three isolates had high identity with h3n2 swine isolates in south china. however, for m, the three viruses, along with h1n1 swine isolates of north america, formed a cluster; for pb2, two of these isolates fell into the cluster of the h5n1 duck isolates, indicating a reassortment among h3n2, h1n1 swine viruses and h5 ...	2011	21318308
a single intramuscular injection of neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir demonstrates antiviral activity against novel pandemic a/california/04/2009 (h1n1) influenza virus infection in mice.	new and emerging influenza virus strains, such as the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus require constant vigilance for antiviral drug sensitivity and resistance. efficacy of intramuscularly (im) administered neuraminidase (na) inhibitor, peramivir, was evaluated in mice infected with recently isolated pandemic a/california/04/2009 (h1n1, swine origin, mouse adapted) influenza virus. a single im injection of peramivir (four dose groups), given 1h prior to inoculation, significantly reduced weight ...	2011	21316393
molecular characterization of pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses isolated from turkeys and pathogenicity of a human ph1n1 isolate in turkeys.	suspected human-to-animal transmission of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus has been reported in several animal species, including pigs, dogs, cats, ferrets, and turkeys. in this study we describe the genetic characterization of ph1n1 viruses isolated from breeder turkeys that was associated with a progressive drop in egg production. sequence analysis of all eight gene segments from three viruses isolated from this outbreak demonstrated homology with other human and swine ph1n1 isolates. the ...	2010	21313850
enhanced pneumonia and disease in pigs vaccinated with an inactivated human-like (d-cluster) h1n2 vaccine and challenged with pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza virus.	influenza is an economically important respiratory disease affecting swine world-wide with potential zoonotic implications. genetic reassortment and drift has resulted in genetically and antigenically distinct swine influenza viruses (sivs). consequently, prevention of siv infection is challenging due to the increased rate of genetic change and a potential lack of cross-protection between vaccine strains and circulating novel isolates. this report describes a vaccine-heterologous challenge model ...	2011	21310191
reassorted pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza a virus discovered from pigs in germany.	a natural reassortant influenza a virus consisting of seven genome segments from pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and a neuraminidase segment from a eurasian porcine h1n1 influenza a virus was detected in a pig herd in germany. the obvious reassortment compatibility between the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and h1n1 viruses of porcine origin raises concern as to whether swine may become a reservoir for further reassortants of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 viruses with unknown implications for human health and swine pro ...	2011	21307227
cross-protection between antigenically distinct h1n1 swine influenza viruses from europe and north america.	an avian-like h1n1 swine influenza virus (siv) is enzootic in swine populations of western europe. the virus is antigenically distinct from h1n1 sivs in north america that have a classical swine virus-lineage h1 hemagglutinin, as does the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus. however, the significance of this antigenic difference for cross-protection among pigs remains unknown.	2010	21306575
using the full spectral capacity (six channels) of a real-time pcr instrument can simplify diagnostic laboratory screening and typing protocols for pandemic h1n1 influenza.	timely reporting of influenza a virus subtype affects patient management. real-time pcr is a rapid and sensitive method routinely used to characterise viral nucleic acid, but the full spectral capability of the instruments is not employed.	2010	21306574
pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 in india: duration of virus shedding in patients under antiviral treatment.	national centre for disease control (ncdc), delhi, is a national nodal centre for surveillance of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) in india. the present study was undertaken to see the period of infectivity in positive cases undergoing antiviral therapy.	2011	21304193
infective endocarditis mislabelled as "swine influenza".		2011	21300105
logistics and safety of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in medical retrieval.	this article reviews the logistics and safety of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) medical retrieval in new south wales, australia.	2011	21294633
screening from the world's largest tcm database against h1n1 virus.	the swine influenza virus (h1n1) 2009 pandemic highlights the importance of having effective anti-viral strategies. recently, oseltamivir (tamiflu) resistant influenza viruses are identified; which further emphasizes the urgency in developing new antiviral agents. in influenza virus replication cycle, viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin, is responsible for viral entry into host cells. hence, a potentially effective antiviral strategy is to inhibit viral entry mechanism. to develop novel an ...	2011	21294588
evolutionary characterization of human h1n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin genes isolated from 1947 to 2009 in china.	objective: our aim was to reveal the molecular characteristics of human h1n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) genes from 1947 to 2009 in china. methods: 129 ha gene sequences were downloaded from ncbi's genbank and analyzed by dnastar software. additionally, the three-dimensional structure of ha protein was predicted by the swiss-model service. results: first, 2009 chinese ha genes were 99% identical to those of mexican and american ones; their key sites remained highly conserved. second, 50 c ...	2011	21293099
could some people be wronged by contracting swine flu? a case discussion on the links between the farm animal sector and human disease.	this paper uses the imaginary case of gemma, presented initially at the international swine flu conference (london, march 2010), to discuss whether a nurse who disagrees with most ways in which animals are farmed would be wronged if she contracted swine flu. it is argued that the farm animal sector has contributed to the emergence of h1n1 flu, and that the sector in general contributes significantly to the burden of human disease. the aim of this paper is to promote debate on the question as to ...	2011	21292701
swine-origin influenza a outbreak 2009 at shinshu university, japan.	a worldwide outbreak of swine flu h1n1 pandemic influenza occurred in april 2009. to determine the mechanism underlying the spread of infection, we prospectively evaluated a survey implemented at a local university.	2011	21291570
microneedle vaccination with stabilized recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin induces improved protective immunity.	the emergence of the swine-origin 2009 influenza pandemic illustrates the need for improved vaccine production and delivery strategies. skin-based immunization represents an attractive alternative to traditional hypodermic needle vaccination routes. microneedles (mns) can deliver vaccine to the epidermis and dermis, which are rich in antigen-presenting cells (apc) such as langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. previous studies using coated or dissolvable microneedles emphasized the use of ...	2011	21288996
optimizing tactics for use of the u.s. antiviral strategic national stockpile for pandemic influenza.	in 2009, public health agencies across the globe worked to mitigate the impact of the swine-origin influenza a (ph1n1) virus. these efforts included intensified surveillance, social distancing, hygiene measures, and the targeted use of antiviral medications to prevent infection (prophylaxis). in addition, aggressive antiviral treatment was recommended for certain patient subgroups to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. to assist states and other localities meet these needs, the u.s. go ...	2011	21283514
an overview of the epidemic of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus in egypt: epidemiology and control challenges.	emergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus in egypt in mid-february 2006 caused significant losses for the poultry industry and constituted a potential threat to public health. since late 2007, there has been increasing evidence that stable lineages of h5n1 viruses are being established in chickens and humans in egypt. the virus has been detected in wild, feral and zoo birds and recently was found in donkeys and pigs. most of the outbreaks in poultry and humans occurred ...	2011	21281550
clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza a (h1n1) 2009 attended to at the emergency room of a children's hospital.	in june 2009, the first influenza pandemic of the twenty-first century, due to the swine origin influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus, was declared. this study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical features, complications, lethality and risk factors for hospital admission of microbiologically confirmed cases of influenza a (h1n1) 2009 infection seen at the emergency department of a children's hospital. all cases of children with influenza a (h1n1) 2009 viral infection, confirmed microbiolog ...	2011	21274563
identification of novel conserved functional motifs across most influenza a viral strains.	influenza a virus poses a continuous threat to global public health. design of novel universal drugs and vaccine requires a careful analysis of different strains of influenza a viral genome from diverse hosts and subtypes. we performed a systematic in silico analysis of influenza a viral segments of all available influenza a viral strains and subtypes and grouped them based on host, subtype, and years isolated, and through multiple sequence alignments we extrapolated conserved regions, motifs, a ...	2011	21272360
using electronic patient records to assess the impact of swine flu (influenza h1n1) on mental health patients.	electronic patient records are increasingly used in primary care research, but rarely in psychiatric research. little is known about how people with pre-existing mental illness respond to public health threats.	2011	21271827
utility of a panviral microarray for detection of swine respiratory viruses in clinical samples.	several factors have recently converged, elevating the need for highly parallel diagnostic platforms that have the ability to detect many known, novel, and emerging pathogenic agents simultaneously. panviral dna microarrays represent the most robust approach for massively parallel viral surveillance and detection. the virochip is a panviral dna microarray that is capable of detecting all known viruses, as well as novel viruses related to known viral families, in a single assay and has been used ...	2011	21270231
plant-based rapid production of recombinant subunit hemagglutinin vaccines targeting h1n1 and h5n1 influenza.	in 2009, a novel h1n1 swine influenza virus was isolated from infected humans in mexico and the united states, and rapidly spread around the world. another virus, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the h5n1 subtype, identified by the world health organization as a potential pandemic threat in 1997, continues to be a significant risk. while vaccination is the preferred strategy for the prevention and control of influenza infections, the traditional egg-based approach to producing influe ...	2011	21266846
flu factories.		2011	21265325
preliminary evaluation of various rapid influenza diagnostic test methods for the detection of the novel influenza a (h1n1) in universiti kebangsaan malaysia medical centre.	we evaluated the performance of four rapid influenza diagnostic test methods (ridt) compared to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr), for the detection of the novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) in august 2009. a total of 270 respiratory specimens were tested with rrt-pcr, where 74 of these were tested by binaxnow (inverness), 80 by quickvue (quidel), 37 by influenza a antigen rapid test (rockeby biomed) and 79 by directigen (bd). the sensitivities ...	2010	21265244
thoracic radiography as a refinement methodology for the study of h1n1 influenza in cynomologus macaques (macaca fascicularis).	recent advances in the technology associated with digital radiography have created new opportunities for biomedical research applications. here we evaluated the use of thoracic radiography as a noninvasive refinement methodology for the cynomologus macaque (macaca fascicularis) model of h1n1 infection. thoracic radiographic evaluations of macaques infected with any of 3 strains of emerging h1n1 swine-associated influenza virus isolated during the recent pandemic were compared with those of macaq ...	2010	21262125
infective endocarditis: diagnosis delayed during swine flu pandemic.		2011	21257998
comparison of two h1n2 swine influenza a viruses from disease outbreaks in pigs in sweden during 2009 and 2010.	the influenza a virus subtypes h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 are prevalent in pig populations worldwide. in the present study, two relatively uncommon swine influenza virus (siv) h1n2 subtypes, isolated in sweden in 2009 and 2010, were compared regarding their molecular composition and biological characteristics. the differences regarding markers purportedly related to pathogenicity, host adaptation or replication efficiency. they included a truncated pb1-f2 protein in the earlier isolate but a full lengt ...	2011	21253862
detection of resistance mutations to antivirals oseltamivir and zanamivir in avian influenza a viruses isolated from wild birds.	the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir are the first-line of defense against potentially fatal variants of influenza a pandemic strains. however, if resistant virus strains start to arise easily or at a high frequency, a new anti-influenza strategy will be necessary. this study aimed to investigate if and to what extent na inhibitor-resistant mutants exist in the wild population of influenza a viruses that inhabit wild birds. na sequences of all na subtypes available from 54 ...	2011	21253602
analytical and clinical validation of novel real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays for the clinical detection of swine-origin h1n1 influenza viruses.	during the early stages of the 2009/2010 swine-origin h1n1 influenza a (s-oiv h1n1 flua) outbreak, the development and validation of sensitive and specific detection methods were a priority for rapid and accurate diagnosis. between may and june 2009, 2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assays targeting the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the s-oiv h1n1 flua virus were developed. these assays are highly specific, showing no cross-reactivity against a pan ...	2011	21251560
a reporter system for assaying influenza virus rnp functionality based on secreted gaussia luciferase activity.	influenza a virus can infect a wide variety of animal species including humans, pigs, birds and other species. viral ribonucleoprotein (vrnp) was involved in genome replication, transcription and host adaptation. currently, firefly luciferase (fluc) reporter system was used in vrnp functional assay. however, its limitation for the testing by virus infection resulted in an increased need for rapid, sensitive, and biosafe techniques. here, an influenza a virus utr-driven gene reporter for vrnp ass ...	2011	21251302
nationwide molecular surveillance of pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus genomes: canada, 2009.	in april 2009, a novel triple-reassortant swine influenza a h1n1 virus ("a/h1n1pdm"; also known as soiv) was detected and spread globally as the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st) century. sequencing has since been conducted at an unprecedented rate globally in order to monitor the diversification of this emergent virus and to track mutations that may affect virus behavior.	2011	21249207
rapidstripe h1n1 test for detection of the pandemic swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus.	the rapidstripe h1n1 test, based on a nucleic acid lateral-flow assay, has been developed for diagnosis of a swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus. this test is simple and cost-effective and allows specific detection of the s-oiv a (h1n1) virus from swab sampling to final detection on a lateral-flow stripe within 2 to 3 h.	2011	21248098
sialic acid recognition of the pandemic influenza 2009 h1n1 virus: binding mechanism between human receptor and influenza hemagglutinin.	quantum mechanical fragment molecular orbital calculations have been performed for receptor binding of the hemagglutinin protein of the recently pandemic influenza 2009 h1n1, a/swine/iowa/1930, and a/puerto rico/8/1934 viruses to a2-6 linked sialyloligosaccharides, as analogs of human receptors. the strongest receptor binding affinity was observed for the 2009/h1n1pdm. the inter-fragment interaction energy analysis revealed that the amino acid mutation of 2009/h1n1pdm, ser145lys, was a major cau ...	2011	21235490
pandemic h1n1 influenza virus causes a stronger inflammatory response than seasonal h1n1 influenza virus in ferrets.	a 2009 h1n1 influenza virus pandemic, which had its origin in swine, caused severe illness and mortality in humans. inflammatory responses may be responsible for pathogenesis caused by infection with influenza viruses. to better understand the pathogenic mechanism, clinical signs and inflammatory responses in ferrets infected with the pandemic h1n1 were compared with those caused by seasonal h1n1 influenza virus. ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus displayed higher body temperatur ...	2011	21234768
sudden death of an immunocompetent young adult caused by novel (swine origin) influenza a/h1n1-associated myocarditis.	the main cause of death from novel (swine origin) influenza a/h1n1 infection is acute respiratory distress syndrome. most fatal cases are immunocompromised patients or patients with a severe underlying disease. here, we report a fatal case of acute interstitial myocarditis associated with novel influenza a/h1n1 infection in an immunocompetent young woman. a previously healthy 18-year-old woman experienced malaise, diarrhea, and fever for several days prior to a sudden collapse at home. autopsy r ...	2011	21234762
development of two types of rapid diagnostic test kits to detect the hemagglutinin or nucleoprotein of the swine-origin pandemic influenza a virus h1n1.	since its emergence in april 2009, pandemic influenza a virus h1n1 (h1n1 pdm), a new type of influenza a virus with a triple-reassortant genome, has spread throughout the world. initial attempts to diagnose the infection in patients using immunochromatography (ic) relied on test kits developed for seasonal influenza a and b viruses, many of which proved significantly less sensitive to h1n1 pdm. here, we prepared monoclonal antibodies that react with h1n1 pdm but not seasonal influenza a (h1n1 an ...	2011	21228147
development and evaluation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and real-time detection of the swine-origin influenza a h1n1 virus.	the recent emergence of the swine-origin influenza a h1n1 virus (s-oiv) poses a serious global health threat. rapid detection and differentiation of s-oiv from seasonal influenza is crucial for patient management and control of the epidemics. a one-step, single-tube accelerated and quantitative s-oiv-specific h1 reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rtlamp) assay for clinical diagnosis of s-oiv by targeting the h1 gene is reported in this article. a comparative evaluation ...	2010	21227400
vaccination with a soluble recombinant hemagglutinin trimer protects pigs against a challenge with pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus.	in 2009 a new influenza a/h1n1 virus strain ("pandemic (h1n1) 2009", h1n1v) emerged that rapidly spread around the world. the virus is suspected to have originated in swine through reassortment and to have subsequently crossed the species-barrier towards humans. several cases of reintroduction into pigs have since been reported, which could possibly create a reservoir for human exposure or ultimately become endemic in the pig population with similar clinical disease problems as current swine inf ...	2011	21219983
ask the doctor. now that the fuss over h1n1 swine flu has died down, do i need to get vaccinated this year?		2010	21213421
acceptance of a vaccine against pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus amongst healthcare workers in beijing, china.	due to the advent of the new influenza a (h1n1) strain in 2009, many countries introduced mass immunization programs. healthcare workers (hcws) were amongst the key groups targeted for the vaccine in these programs. however, experience with the seasonal influenza vaccine has shown that there are multiple barriers related to the attitudes and perceptions of the population which influence uptake. the aim of this study was to determine pandemic influenza a (h1n1) vaccination rate amongst a group of ...	2011	21211593
the nonadaptive nature of the h1n1 2009 swine flu pandemic contrasts with the adaptive facilitation of transmission to a new host.	the emergence of the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic followed a multiple reassortment event from viruses originally circulating in swines and humans, but the adaptive nature of this emergence is poorly understood.	2011	21211019
determinants of adults' intention to vaccinate against pandemic swine flu.	vaccination is one of the cornerstones of controlling an influenza pandemic. to optimise vaccination rates in the general population, ways of identifying determinants that influence decisions to have or not to have a vaccination need to be understood. therefore, this study aimed to predict intention to have a swine influenza vaccination in an adult population in the uk. an extension of the theory of planned behaviour provided the theoretical framework for the study.	2011	21211000
a complete analysis of ha and na genes of influenza a viruses.	more and more nucleotide sequences of type a influenza virus are available in public databases. although these sequences have been the focus of many molecular epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses, most studies only deal with a few representative sequences. in this paper, we present a complete analysis of all haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene sequences available to allow large scale analyses of the evolution and epidemiology of type a influenza.	2010	21209922
efficacy of vaccination with different combinations of mf59-adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines against pandemic h1n1 (2009) influenza virus infection in ferrets.	serum antibodies induced by seasonal influenza or seasonal influenza vaccination exhibit limited or no cross-reactivity against the 2009 pandemic swine-origin influenza virus of the h1n1 subtype (ph1n1). ferrets immunized once or twice with mf59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine exhibited significantly reduced lung virus titers but no substantial clinical protection against ph1n1-associated disease. however, priming with mf59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine significantly increased the ...	2011	21209108
the swine flu triage (swift) study: development and ongoing refinement of a triage tool to provide regular information to guide immediate policy and practice for the use of critical care services during the h1n1 swine influenza pandemic.	to use, existing critical care and early pandemic, data to inform care during the pandemic influenza a 2009 (h1n1) pandemic (with a possible use for triage - if the demand for critical care seriously exceeded supply). to monitor the impact of the h1n1 pandemic on critical care services, in real time, with regular feedback to critical care clinicians and other relevant jurisdictions to inform ongoing policy and practice.	2010	21208551
predictive clinicopathological features derived from systematic autopsy examination of patients who died with a/h1n1 influenza infection in the uk 2009-10 pandemic.	from april 2009 to january 2010, the pandemic of a/h1n1 influenza affected the uk. there were > 30,000 infections and 457 deaths (all ages). reports from other countries had indicated that certain comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of death from h1n1 infection, and there was a need to identify these factors in the uk population as knowledge of them could lead to improved treatment in the current epidemic and reduced mortality in future epidemics.	2010	21208548
crystal structure of the swine-origin a (h1n1)-2009 influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) reveals similar antigenicity to that of the 1918 pandemic virus.	influenza virus is the causative agent of the seasonal and occasional pandemic flu. the current h1n1 influenza pandemic, announced by the who in june 2009, is highly contagious and responsible for global economic losses and fatalities. although the h1n1 gene segments have three origins in terms of host species, the virus has been named swine-origin influenza virus (s-oiv) due to a predominant swine origin. 2009 s-oiv has been shown to highly resemble the 1918 pandemic virus in many aspects. hema ...	2010	21203961