Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| safety and efficacy of the avirulent mycoplasma gallisepticum strain k5054 as a live vaccine in poultry. | a mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) isolate from an atypically mild outbreak in turkey breeders was found to be similar to house finch isolates by dna analyses. a preliminary study in turkeys showed that this isolate (k5054) caused very mild lesions and protected turkeys against subsequent challenge with a virulent mg strain. in this study, k5054 was further evaluated as a potential vaccine strain in commercial layer-type chickens and turkeys. the safety of k5054 was evaluated by aerosol challenge f ... | 2004 | 15077802 |
| effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens. | an in vivo experiment was conducted to study the potential prebiotic effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharide extracts, lentinus edodes extract (lene), tremella fuciformis extract, and astragalus membranaceus radix extract, on chicken growth and the cecal microbial ecosystem, as compared with the antibiotic apramycin (apr). this investigation was carried out in terms of a dose-response study. the chickens were naturally infected with avian mycoplasma gallisepticum prior to the experiment. the ... | 2004 | 14979567 |
| avian influenza (h9n2) outbreak in iran. | an epidemic of avian influenza (ai) (h9n2) occurred in broiler chicken farms in iran during 1998-01. mortality between 20% and 60% was commonly observed on the affected farms. mixed infections of the influenza virus with other respiratory pathogens, particularly infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasma gallisepticum, were thought to be responsible for such high mortality, which resulted in great economic losses. clinical signs included swelling of the periorbital tissues and sinuses, typical r ... | 2003 | 14575072 |
| induction of a mycoplasma gallisepticum pmga gene in the chicken tracheal ring organ culture model. | genetic and molecular methods to investigate the pathogenesis of the poultry respiratory pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum are quite limited. therefore, the objective of this study was to design and evaluate a functional genomics approach to identify m. gallisepticum genes involved in colonization of the poultry respiratory tract. to serve as a transcriptional reporter, a promoterless lacz gene from escherichia coli was cloned into the tn4001 transposon. the transposon was used to randomly mutag ... | 2003 | 14562906 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction for mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken trachea. | in this work, we describe a rapid detection procedure for mycoplasma gallisepticum from chicken tracheal swabs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) by lightcycler system, where we were able to monitor the amplification of the newly synthesized m. gallisepticum-specific pcr product as a proportionally increasing fluorescent signal by using the double-stranded dna binding dye sybr green i and have identified m. gallisepticum-specific pcr products by dna melting curve analysis by plotting t ... | 2003 | 14562901 |
| molecular variability of house finch mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates as revealed by sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the pvpa gene. | mycoplasma gallisepticum, a major pathogen of chickens and turkeys, has caused significant declines in house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) populations in the eastern united states since it was first observed in this species in 1994. there is evidence that m. gallisepticum infection is now endemic among eastern house finches, although disease prevalence has declined, suggesting an evolving host-parasite relationship. studies based on randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) have documented the pr ... | 2003 | 14562892 |
| effects of cyclosporin a on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | immune responses to the virulent s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum in immunocompetent and cyclosporin a (csa)-treated specific pathogen free chickens were investigated, and pathogenesis of the m. gallisepticum strain was also examined. ten-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated by eye-drop with m. gallisepticum, and a control uninfected group was inoculated with mycoplasma broth. blood was collected weekly for 4 weeks from five birds in each group and whole blood lymphocyte ... | 2003 | 14522705 |
| comparison of tube agglutination, hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and antiglobulin titers on serums of chickens and turkeys infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1965 | 14340910 | |
| chicken red blood cell adsorption test for detection of colonies of mycoplasma gallisepticum developed on agar media. | 1965 | 14284965 | |
| control of experimental mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in young chickens with tylosin and other antibiotics. | 1965 | 14253997 | |
| an immunological phenomenon in chickens following infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1961 | 13774131 | |
| effects of f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on the blood characteristics of commercial egg laying hens. | in two trials, the effects of an f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (fmg) inoculation at 12 wk of age on the blood characteristics of commercial single combed white leghorn laying hens were investigated throughout lay. variables measured in both trials were whole blood hematocrit, plasma protein (pp), and serum cholesterol, triglycerides (st), and calcium. in both trials, hematocrit at 20 wk of age was significantly increased in birds inoculated with fmg. in trial 1, st and pp were significantly ... | 2003 | 12967252 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced alterations in chicken red blood cells. | incubation of mycoplasma gallisepticum with washed chicken red blood cells for 1 hr or 5 hr resulted in altered red blood cell surface morphology and perforations of the cells. | 2003 | 12887211 |
| diseases of free-ranging chickens in the qwa-qwa district of the northeastern free state province of south africa. | a total of 177 free-ranging chickens from 19 qwa-qwa villages were bled from wing veins over a period of 6 months (june-november 2000). serological tests indicated that 5% of chickens tested had been exposed to newcastle disease, 43% to infectious bronchitis and 63% to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. mcmaster and visser sieve techniques were used to determine helminth and coccidia from pooled fresh faecal samples. helminths isolated in 37% of the villages investigated were heterakis, ascarid ... | 2003 | 12836740 |
| cytadherence-deficient mutants of mycoplasma gallisepticum generated by transposon mutagenesis. | cytadherence-related molecules of mycoplasma gallisepticum strain r-low were identified by tn4001 transposon mutagenesis with the hemadsorption (ha) assay as an indicator for cytadherence. three gm(r) ha-negative (ha(-)) colonies displaying a stable ha(-) phenotype through several successive generations in which gentamicin selection was maintained were isolated from four independent transformation experiments and characterized. southern blot analysis showed that the transposon was inserted as a ... | 2003 | 12819064 |
| scanning electron microscopic studies of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in embryonic tracheae. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was used to infect chicken embryos, and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphologic changes in the tracheae. tracheae harvested from embryos infected with mg for 5 days showed extensive deciliation, surface erosion, and inflammatory cell infiltration. embryonic tracheal explants infected with mg for 6 hr showed the same deciliation and surface erosion. the damage to the tracheal surface caused by mg at the embryonic stage might play a role in th ... | 2003 | 12713177 |
| effects of an s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge at onset of lay on digestive and reproductive tract characteristics in commercial layers. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), a reproductive/respiratory pathogen in poultry, has been implicated in suboptimum egg production and decreased hatchability. commercial layer hens raised in a controlled environment were inoculated with the s6 strain of mg at 20 wk of age. the s6 inoculation had no effect on bird weight, egg production, digestive tract weight and length, or histopathologic lesion scores, although significant differences were noted in the lengths and weights of various portions of t ... | 2003 | 12713163 |
| influences of supplemental dietary poultry fat and f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum infection on the early performance of commercial egg laying hens. | f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (fmg) may alter reproductive performance in layers through its effects on lipid metabolism. therefore, the influences of 1.5% supplemental dietary poultry fat (pf) and fmg infection on the early performance of commercial egg-laying hens were determined. birds were either sham- or fmg-inoculated at 12 wk, and experimental diets were initiated at 20 wk of age. body weight at 12, 20, and 24 wk, total daily egg mass, feed consumption and feed conversion at 20 and 24 ... | 2003 | 12710479 |
| effects of f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on egg yolk composition in commercial egg laying hens. | in two trials, the effects of f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (fmg) on the contents of egg yolks from commercial single comb white leghorn laying hens were investigated over a production cycle. ten hens were assigned to each of 8 (trial 1) or 16 (trial 2) negative pressure fiberglass biological isolation units. birds in half of the total units served as sham-inoculated controls, and those in the other half were inoculated with fmg at 12 wk of age. eggs were collected and yolks were harvested a ... | 2003 | 12710476 |
| homologue of macrophage-activating lipoprotein in mycoplasma gallisepticum is not essential for growth and pathogenicity in tracheal organ cultures. | while the genomes of a number of mycoplasma species have been fully determined, there has been limited characterization of which genes are essential. the surface protein (p47) identified by monoclonal antibody b3 is the basis for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection and appears to be constitutively expressed. its gene was cloned, and the dna sequence was determined. subsequent analysis of the p47 amino acid sequence and searches of ... | 2003 | 12670978 |
| sensory properties of articular afferents following mycoplasma arthritis in the chicken. | the physiological properties of joint capsule mechanical nociceptors of monoarthritic chickens (gallus domesticus) were studied by recording the electrical activity from single c (group iv) and a-delta (group iii) fibres dissected from the parafibular nerve. by injecting live mycoplasma gallisepticum cultures into the ankle joint a typical mycoplasma arthritis was induced which was restricted to a single joint. during the early stage of the disease (7-21 days after infection) there was histopath ... | 2003 | 12644261 |
| characterisation of mycoplasma gallisepticum strains involved in respiratory disease in pheasants and peafowl. | two cases of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in different avian species in backyard gamebird operations in slovenia were investigated. in the first case, m gallisepticum was associated with severe respiratory disease with almost 20 per cent mortality in pheasants, whereas the infection was less pathogenic for chickens and turkeys reared at the same site. the m gallisepticum isolates from pheasants had a unique pmga gene sequence containing a repeat of 12 nucleotides, and they contained only s ... | 2003 | 12625537 |
| phenotypic switching in mycoplasma gallisepticum hemadsorption is governed by a high-frequency, reversible point mutation. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a flask-shaped organism that commonly induces chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. phenotypic switching in m. gallisepticum hemadsorption (ha) was found to correlate with phase variation of the gapa cytadhesin concurrently with that of the crma protein, which exhibits cytadhesin-related features and is encoded by a gene located downstream of the gapa gene as part of the same transcription unit. in clones derived from strain r(lo ... | 2003 | 12595441 |
| chemotactic response of lymphocytes in chicken embryos infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | a prominent feature of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection is a lymphoproliferative response at the site of infection. in this study, artificial air cells (aacs) were made in eggs containing 16-day old chicken embryos. an mg culture and supernates from mg-infected rp-9 cells, hd-11 cells and monocytes were separately deposited on the membranes of the aac. after incubation for 5 days, the eggs were opened and the aac membranes were collected for histopathological examinations. immunolabelling ... | 2003 | 12531685 |
| infectious disease survey of lesser prairie chickens in north texas. | lesser prairie chicken (tympanuchus pallidicinctus) abundance, like that of most grassland birds, has declined rangewide for decades. although habitat loss and degradation are likely ultimate causes for this decline, infectious agents, particularly microparasites, could be proximate contributors. no surveys of pathogenic bacteria or viruses have been published for this species. we surveyed 24 free-living lesser prairie chickens from hemphill county, texas (usa), for evidence of exposure to salmo ... | 2002 | 12528454 |
| effects of genetic selection for high or low antibody response on resistance to a variety of disease challenges and the relationship of resource allocation. | lines of white leghorn chickens were selectively bred for either a high (h) or low (l) antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. the parental lines, hh and ll, and reciprocal crosses, hl (sire line cited first and dam line second) and lh, were compared for their responses to various diseases. high antibody titers were associated with reduced body weight. lines and their crosses were challenged with infectious diseases. the ll line was most resistant to mycobacterium avium, whereas the hh line was ... | 2002 | 12495065 |
| cloning and analysis of the gene for a major surface antigen of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | myplasma gallisepticum infects a wide variety of gallineaceous birds including chickens, turkeys, and pheasants. infection occurs both horizontally and vertically. thus, control of the spread of m. gallisepticum to noninfected flocks is difficult. continual monitoring is necessary to identify infected flocks even under the most stringent infectious control practices. monitoring, however, is usually performed by measuring hemagglutination activity (ha) in serum, an insensitive and variable test. ... | 2002 | 12495041 |
| gapa and crma coexpression is essential for mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadherence and virulence. | it was previously demonstrated that avirulent mycoplasma gallisepticum strain r(high) (passage 164) is lacking three proteins that are expressed in its virulent progenitor, strain r(low) (passage 15). these proteins were identified as the cytadhesin molecule gapa, the putative cytadhesin-related molecule crma, and a component of a high-affinity transporter system, hata. complementation of r(high) with wild-type gapa restored expression in the transformant (gt5) but did not restore the cytadheren ... | 2002 | 12438360 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum: influence of cell invasiveness on the outcome of experimental infection in chickens. | recently we have shown that a low (r(low)) and a high laboratory passage (r(high)) of the poultry pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum prototype strain r differ markedly in their capability to invade non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells. in the present study the infection traits of these two mycoplasma passages were compared in an in vivo setting. after aerosol inoculation of chickens, m. gallisepticum was re-isolated from the inner organs of birds infected with r(low), whereas no mycoplasma was recover ... | 2002 | 12423769 |
| a modified live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine to protect chickens from respiratory disease. | the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a modified live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine (gt5) for the protection of chickens against infection and respiratory disease. gt5 was constructed by the reconstitution of the avirulent high passage r (r(high)) strain with the gene encoding the major cytadhesin gapa. gt5 expressed gapa on its surface yet retained the phenotypic characteristics of the parental r(high) strain. birds vaccinated with gt5 were protected upon challenge with the vir ... | 2002 | 12399199 |
| serological monitoring of 40 swiss fancy breed poultry flocks. | rapid serum agglutination, haemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen swiss fancy breed chicken flocks for antibodies against 12 avian infectious agents. for this purpose, 1,002 blood samples from 40 flocks were collected and tested. ten percent of the samples were positive for salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and 62.5% of the flocks were affected. more than 75% of the flocks had antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum/mycoplasma synoviae, infectiou ... | 2002 | 12396360 |
| natural cases and an experimental study of h9n2 avian influenza in commercial broiler chickens of iran. | since 1998, an epidemic of avian influenza has occurred in the iranian poultry industry. the agent was pathotyped as non-highly pathogenic and subtyped as an h9n2 avian influenza virus. therefore it did not require eradication. however, frequent incidences of high mortality were observed commonly on broiler farms. no other species of bird were affected. the circulation of the virus and mixed infection with other respiratory pathogens, particularly infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasma galli ... | 2002 | 12396348 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma antibodies in lesser prairie-chicken sera. | serologic testing by the serum plate agglutination (spa) procedure was performed to detect the presence of cross-reacting antibodies to mycoplasma meleagridis, mycoplasma synoviae, and mycoplasma gallisepticum in lesser prairie-chickens (tympanuchus pallidicinctus) trapped over a 2-yr period in finney and kearny counties of southwestern kansas. sera examined from birds (n = 50) obtained in march-april 2000 tested positive for m meleagridis, m. synoviae, and m. gallisepticum at levels of 6%, 10%, ... | 2002 | 12243537 |
| development and application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for avian respiratory agents. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect 6 avian respiratory pathogens. six sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian influenza virus (aiv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), and mycoplasma synoviae (ms) were used respectively in the test. with the use of agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the pcr-amplified dna produc ... | 2002 | 12243534 |
| poor systemic antibody response after vaccination of commercial broiler breeders with mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine ts-11 not associated with susceptibility to challenge. | a live attenuated mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine, ts-11, has been used for control of m gallisepticum in several countries. the rapid serum agglutination test is usually used as an indicator of flock response to vaccination; however, in some flocks, the detected response may be weak or absent. we investigated whether the low level, or lack, of systemic antibodies in ts-11-vaccinated flocks is correlated with susceptibility to infection after challenge with a virulent m. gallisepticum strain. b ... | 2002 | 12243526 |
| effects of an s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge before beginning of lay on various egg characteristics in commercial layers. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is a reproductive/respiratory disease in poultry implicated in suboptimum egg production and decreased hatchability. commercial layer hens raised in a controlled environment were inoculated with the s6 strain of mg at 10 wk of age. egg production and selected egg and egg quality parameters were quantitated over the entire lay cycle for inoculated and control birds. the s6 inoculation had no effect on bird weight, egg production, associated egg quality parameters, or ... | 2002 | 12243522 |
| the effects of 6/85 live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine in commercial layer hens over a 43-week laying cycle on egg production, selected egg quality parameters, and egg size distribution when challenged before beginning of lay. | in each of two trials, 80 commercial leghorn-type pullets were separated into two treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation, whereas the remaining 40 pullets received the 6/85 vaccine strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) at 10 wk of age. hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, and blood/meat spot incidence were monitored and recorded weekly in each ... | 2002 | 12061653 |
| detection of antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine ts-11 by an autologous pmga enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a poultry pathogen that causes respiratory disease and loss of egg production worldwide. a live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for control of m. gallisepticum in several countries. the rapid serum agglutination test is usually used as an indicator of flock response to vaccination; however, in some flocks, the detected response may be weak or absent. with the use of specific monoclonal antibodies against m. gallisepticum strain s6 pmga in immunoaffinity purif ... | 2002 | 12061651 |
| field evaluation of tylosin premix in layers previously vaccinated with a live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. | mycoplasma gallisepticum infection results in numerous clinical signs including a reduction in egg production in laying chickens. attempts to prevent mycoplasmosis have included vaccination with both killed and attenuated live m. gallisepticum strains. live vaccines provide reduction in clinical signs and have been shown to replace indigenous strains when used in a consistent program for several placements. antibiotic therapy is another option for controlling losses associated with mycoplasmosis ... | 2002 | 11922337 |
| characterization of mutations in dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv involved in quinolone resistance of mycoplasma gallisepticum mutants obtained in vitro. | mycoplasma gallisepticum enrofloxacin-resistant mutants were generated by stepwise selection in increasing concentrations of enrofloxacin. alterations were found in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the four target genes encoding dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv from these mutants. this is the first description of such mutations in an animal mycoplasma species. | 2002 | 11796386 |
| the macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta in the supernatants of mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chicken leukocytes attracts the migration of chicken heterophils and lymphocytes. | chicken monocytes, macrophages, heterophils and thrombocytes were infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum, and their supernatants were collected and tested for the presence of chemotactic activities. the supernatants from mg-infected monocytes and macrophages were able to attract the migration of both heterophils and lymphocytes. the chemotactic activity in these supernatants could be abolished by antibodies prepared against the 10 amino acid peptides of the macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)- ... | 2002 | 11687266 |
| cases of swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in greece. | from 50 commercial broiler flocks included in a study concerning respiratory disease, signs of swollen head syndrome (shs) were shown in eight. postmortem examination was performed in eight birds showing signs of shs from each flock. the trachea and head from each bird were collected for laboratory investigation. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for the detection of viral and avian mycoplasma antigens in the trachea, and bacteriologic examinations were performed from the inf ... | 2001 | 11569754 |
| monitoring mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae infection in breeder chickens after treatment with enrofloxacin. | three experimental strains of breeder chickens were accidentally exposed to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms), presumably from a newly introduced group of leghorn-type pullets. the experimental strains subsequently became infected and were diagnosed positive for mg and ms by the serum plate agglutination (spa) test and confirmed by the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of tracheal swabs. treatment with 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin via ... | 2001 | 11417841 |
| molecular variability of the adhesin-encoding gene pvpa among mycoplasma gallisepticum strains and its application in diagnosis. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is an important pathogen of chickens and turkeys that causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. the reemergence of m. gallisepticum outbreaks among poultry, the increased use of live m. gallisepticum vaccines, and the detection of m. gallisepticum in game and free-flying song birds has strengthened the need for molecular diagnostic and strain differentiation tests. molecular techniques, including restriction fragment length polymorphism of ge ... | 2001 | 11326008 |
| infection and immunity in broiler chicken breeders vaccinated with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mycoplasma gallisepticum and impact on performance of offspring. | a comparison of infection and immunity to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in broiler chicken breeders vaccinated with a temperature-sensitive mutant of mg versus nonvaccinated chickens, and the impact on the performance of their offspring was conducted. infection and immunity in breeders were assessed by culture and enzyme-linked immunoassay, respectively. however, performance in their offspring was assessed by studying mg infection in embryos, occurrence of infection titers to mg in relation to m ... | 2000 | 11194034 |
| serological monitoring on layer farms with specific pathogen-free chickens. | to monitor the existence of avian pathogens in laying chicken flocks, specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were introduced into two layer farms and reared with laying hens for 12 months. spf chickens were bled several times after their introduction and examined for their sero-conversion to avian pathogens. as a result, antibodies to eight or ten kinds of pathogens were detected in spf chickens on each farm. antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian nephritis virus, mycoplasma galli ... | 2000 | 11193353 |
| the effects of ts-11 strain mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination in commercial layers on egg production and selected egg quality parameters. | live mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccines have been usda approved and licensed for use in commercial layer chickens since 1988; however, egg production and egg quality data exist only for the f strain of mg. information pertinent to the effects of ts-11 mg on egg and eggshell quality parameters, as well as egg size distribution, is lacking. in this study, pullets were inoculated at 10 wk of age with ts-11 strain mg and placed in biological isolation units at 10 birds/unit. hen-day egg producti ... | 2000 | 11007009 |
| morphologic observations on respiratory tracts of chickens after hatchery infectious bronchitis vaccination and formaldehyde fumigation. | the histologic changes in the respiratory tracts of chickens were evaluated after hatchery fumigation with 40% formaldehyde vapors and vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus with live attenuated vaccine (massachusetts serotype). one-day-old chickens were housed in four isolation units in controlled environmental conditions, fed and watered ad libitum, and separated into four groups: 1) fumigated and vaccinated birds (fv group); 2) nonfumigated and vaccinated birds (nfv group); 3) fumiga ... | 2000 | 11006997 |
| pmga phenotypic variation in mycoplasma gallisepticum occurs in vivo and is mediated by trinucleotide repeat length variation. | chickens were infected with a pathogenic strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum, and the expression of pmga, the major surface protein, was inferred by examination of colonies from ex vivo cells. within 2 days postinfection, 40% of cells had ceased the expression of the original pmga surface protein (pmga1.1), and by day 6, the majority of recovered cells were in this category. the switch in pmga phenotype which had occurred in vivo was reversible, since most colonies produced from ex vivo progenito ... | 2000 | 10992515 |
| in vitro cell invasion of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the ability of the widespread avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum to invade cultured human epithelial cells (hela-229) and chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) was investigated by using the gentamicin invasion assay and a double immunofluorescence microscopic technique for accurate localization of cell-associated mycoplasmas. the presence of intracellular mycoplasmas in both cell lines was clearly demonstrated, with organisms entering the eukaryotic cells within 20 min. internalized mycoplasmas ... | 2000 | 10858241 |
| lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | a prominent feature of disease induced by mycoplasma gallisepticum is a lymphoproliferative response in the respiratory tract. although this is also seen in other mycoplasma infections, including mycoplasma pneumoniae, the phenotype of the lymphocytes infiltrating the respiratory tract has not been determined. in this study, the numbers and distribution of lymphocytes in the tracheas of chickens infected with a virulent strain of m. gallisepticum were examined. three groups of chickens were expe ... | 2000 | 10832650 |
| use of an alkaline phosphatase-labelled probe for the detection of mycoplasma synoviae in chickens. | short nucleotides directly labelled to alkaline phosphatase (snap probes) are an interesting alternative to digoxigenin-labelled probes (dig probes), because they reduce the number of steps necessary in dot blots for the detection of dna or amplificate. this study examined the questions whether a snap probe might not only save time, but also increase the sensitivity of another pcr-based dna probe test using a digoxigenin probe. amplificates obtained by multispecies polymerase chain reaction (pcr ... | 2000 | 10780170 |
| detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae antibodies in the sera of indigenous chickens by rapid serum agglutination test at mmopane, gaborone, botswana. | the mean flock size was ten chickens per rural farmer. antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae were detected in 57.88% and 67.33% of the chicken sera respectively. | 1999 | 10689706 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum -induced release of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta from chicken monocytes-macrophages. | chicken monocytes and a macrophage-like cell line were used to determine the presence of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (mip-1 beta). rna was extracted from these cells and subjected to reverse transcription with an anti-sense primer specific for the whole length of the mip-1 beta cdna. after a polymerase chain reaction to amplify the cdna, a 200 bp gene product was detected, which corresponded to the molecular weight of the mip-1 beta. the culture supernate of these cells did not have t ... | 2000 | 10627389 |
| pathogenic effects on domestic poultry of a mycoplasma gallisepticum strain isolated from a wild house finch. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) has been isolated from wild house finches. the pathogenic effects of mg finch strain (k4058) and mg r-strain were compared after exposure of chickens and turkeys. gross and histologic lesions, reisolation of the organism, serology, and clinical disease were evaluated. milder histologic and gross lesions, in addition to lower serologic titers, occurred in birds inoculated with the finch strain. mortality, concurrent with clinical and gross respiratory signs and lesio ... | 1999 | 10611979 |
| effects of age at inoculation and induced molt on the recovery of mycoplasma gallisepticum from layer chickens. | an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of age at inoculation and induced molt on the reisolation of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) from commercial leghorn hens that had been eyedrop-inoculated with f strain mg at either 10 or 66 wk of age. chickens were maintained in biological isolation units from 10 wk of age through 78 wk of age. at 70 wk of age (premolt), hens were swabbed, cultured for mg, and molted. swabs were taken both at the end of molt (postmolt [74 wk]) and again 4 wk la ... | 1999 | 10494421 |
| mycoplasma synoviae surface protein mspb as a recombinant antigen in an indirect elisa. | mycoplasma synoviae is a poultry pathogen causing respiratory disease and synovitis. a number of serological assays have been developed for diagnosis of m. synoviae infection; however, they lack sensitivity and/or are prone to false-positive reactions. using a combination of pcr and expression cloning, four overlapping regions (regions 1-4) of the surface antigen mspb of m. synoviae wvu-1853 were expressed in a bacterial expression system. immunostaining of the resultant polypeptides with chicke ... | 1999 | 10463175 |
| the effects of f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and the dual infection in commercial layer hens over a 44-week laying cycle when challenged before beginning of lay. ii. egg size distribution. | in each of two trials, 160 commercial pullets were separated into four treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation; 40 pullets received f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (fmg); an additional 40 pullets received mycoplasma synoviae (ms); and the final 40 pullets were inoculated with both fmg and ms (dual). all inoculations occurred at 10 wk of age. eggs from all treatments were collected daily, monday-thur ... | 1999 | 10396648 |
| in vitro and in vivo comparisons of valnemulin, tiamulin, tylosin, enrofloxacin, and lincomycin/spectinomycin against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) for valnemulin, tiamulin, enrofloxacin, tylosin, and lincomycin/spectinomycin were determined for a virulent strain of mycoplasma gallispeticum (mg). at the initial reading, the lowest mics were seen with valnemulin and tiamulin, followed by tylosin, enrofloxacin, and a relatively high mic for lincomycin/spectinomycin. at the final reading, at 14 days, a similar pattern was obtained, with valnemulin giving the lowest mic (< 0.008 mg/ml). the same stra ... | 1998 | 9876842 |
| safety of a temperature-sensitive clone of mycoplasma synoviae as a live vaccine. | a temperature-sensitive (ts+) clone derived from the australian mycoplasma synoviae (ms) field isolate 86079/7ns was produced by chemical mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine and assessed for safety as a live vaccine. this clone, designated ms-h, was assessed for pathogenicity in three different models with air sac lesions as the criterion. no air sac lesions were observed when ms-h was administered to specific-pathogen-free hybrid white leghorn (hwl) chickens by eyedrop at 10 t ... | 1998 | 9876835 |
| molecular and biochemical analysis of a 105 kda mycoplasma gallisepticum cytadhesin (gapa). | the identification of a gene (gapa) from mycoplasma gallisepticum with homology to the p1 cytadherence gene of mycoplasma pneumoniae is reported. the gapa gene is a 2895 bp orf encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 105 kda. nucleotide sequence analysis of the gapa gene revealed 45% homology to the m. pneumoniae p1 gene, 46% homology to the mycoplasma genitalium mgpa gene and 47% homology to the mycoplasma pirum p1-like protein gene. it has a 64 mol % a+t content compared to 46, 60 and 72 m ... | 1998 | 9846732 |
| mycoplasmas in the etiology of multifactorial respiratory disease. | the avian mycoplasmas pathogenic for commercial poultry, mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae in chickens and turkeys, and mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma iowae in turkeys are egg-transmitted infections and exhibit wide variations in clinical manifestations. mycoplasma gallisepticum strains vary widely in virulence, tissue tropism, and antigenic makeup and have the ability to alter the expression of major surface antigenic proteins. although less well studied, strains of m. syn ... | 1998 | 9706080 |
| efficacy of difloxacin in growing broiler chickens for the control of infection due to pathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum. | chickens 14 days old were experimentally inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) r-p10 strain. after development of respiratory symptoms, birds were left unmedicated or medicated for 5 consecutive days with difloxacin 5, 7.5 or 10 mg/kg body weight per day or enrofloxacin at the dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight per day. evaluation of efficacy was based on body weight, symptoms, post-mortem findings, re-isolation of mg and serology. results indicated that under the conditions of this expe ... | 1998 | 9673582 |
| evaluation of an enrofloxacin-treatment program against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broilers. | three chicken broiler breeder flocks, 7 months of age, were confirmed to have mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection, based on culture of tracheal swabs. a total of fifty-five 7-day-old embryos from the three mg-positive flocks had an average 27.4% prevalence of mg-infection in their vitelline membrane. sixty randomly selected mg isolates (30 from individual tracheas of breeders and another 30 from individual vitelline membrane of embryos) were highly sensitive in vitro to enrofloxacin (100%). ... | 1998 | 9646333 |
| pasteurella multocida infection involving cranial air spaces in white leghorn chickens. | seven 18-wk-old pullets from a commercial layer flock experiencing increased mortality associated with neurologic and respiratory symptoms were submitted to the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system at the turlock branch for necropsy. clinical signs included depression, torticollis, swollen eyelids, conjunctivitis, and sinusitis. meningoencephalitis and suppurative inflammation of the cranial air spaces were found on histopathology. the brain, sinuses, and air spaces of the cranium ... | 1998 | 9645337 |
| potential for transmission of the finch strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum between house finches and chickens. | although mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is established in house finch (carpodacus mexicanus) populations in at least 33 states, the potential risk of mg introduction to domestic poultry by infected finches currently is unknown. the objectives of this study were to determine if chickens could be infected with the finch strain of mg via direct, across-wire, and proximity (across-room) contact with naturally infected house finches and to determine if house finches could be infected through direct co ... | 1998 | 9645326 |
| pen trial studies on the use of live vaccines to displace virulent mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | groups of 10 8-wk-old chickens that had been vaccinated 4 wk previously with the f strain, ts-11, or 6/85 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were challenged by placing them in contact with 20 chickens that had been previously infected with the virulent r strain of mg. each month, the 10 oldest chickens were removed from each pen and replaced with 10 vaccinated chickens to return the total number of chickens in each pen to 30. chickens were bled and cultured for mg prior to contact challenge ... | 1998 | 9645321 |
| national surveillance of poultry diseases in lebanon. | from 1992 to mid-1996, a national survey of poultry diseases in lebanon was conducted. this surveillance included meat breeder, layer breeder, commercial layer and chicken broiler flocks. the history, signs, lesions and laboratory tests of poultry were used in the diagnosis of prevalent poultry diseases. culture techniques were used to screen for bacterial diseases; serological techniques and, to a lesser extent, culture techniques were used to diagnose viral diseases; and both serological and c ... | 1997 | 9567302 |
| experimental infection of chickens with an atypical mycoplasma gallisepticum strain: comparison of diagnostic methods. | fifteen chickens were inoculated with the atypical mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) k703 strain. on different dates post inoculation, tracheal swab samples were collected for mycoplasma culture and blood samples were analysed by slide agglutination test (sa) with commercial or homologous antigen and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with three different kits. results showed that mg isolation rate was low on several sampling dates. the sa with commercial antigen did not yield positive result ... | 1997 | 9491445 |
| immunoblot examination of humoral response of chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum at various ages. | mycoplasma gallisepticum- and mycoplasma synoviae-free chickens were infected with 0.2 ml broth culture of m. gallisepticum strain 1226 intra air sac at 3, 14, 18, 28, 42, 49 and 65 days of age. blood samples were taken 0-5 weeks before infection and 1-6 weeks after infection (depending on age of infection). the antibody response was examined by western blot. as a control of infection, serum plate agglutination test (spa), pathological lesions, and presence of mycoplasma in air sacs were used. a ... | 1997 | 9481517 |
| effect of drinking water containing ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate on mycoplasma gallisepticum isolation in experimentally infected broiler chickens. | in each of three trials, 150 day-old broiler chicks were eyedrop inoculated with 0.04 ml of high-passage f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and housed in biological isolation units at 10 chicks per unit. at 4 wk of age, 50 chickens were designated as controls and remained on tap water (ph 7.30), 50 chickens were provided tap water containing 0.63% ammonium chloride (nh4cl, ph 6.91), and 50 chickens were provided tap water containing 1.26% sodium bicarbonate (nahco3, ph 8.17). fluids were sup ... | 1997 | 9454928 |
| the effects of f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and the dual infection in commercial layer hens over a 44-week laying cycle when challenged before beginning of lay. i. egg production and selected egg quality parameters. | in each of two trials, 160 commercial pullets were separated into four treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation; 40 other pullets received f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (fmg); an additional 40 pullets received mycoplasma synoviae (ms); and the final 40 pullets were inoculated with both fmg and ms (dual). hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, an ... | 1997 | 9454916 |
| efficacy of tilmicosin in the control of experimental mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 5-day, "in water" tilmicosin medication for the prevention of experimental mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) disease in 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens. birds were inoculated intratracheally and into the sinus with the mg r-p10 strain. a limited dose titration of the antibiotic over the expected effective range was included, using six groups of 60 birds each: ui: uninfected untreated group; iut: infected untreated group; it1 to it ... | 1997 | 9454912 |
| various blood parameters in commercial hens acutely and chronically infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | two trials were conducted to study the effects of acute (trial 1) and chronic (trial 2) mycoplasma infections on differential leukocyte counts in chickens. the trials initially included either 20 (trial 1) or 40 (trial 2) 6-wk-old commercial leghorn chickens negative for antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae (ms). chickens were inoculated with f strain mg (fmg), ms (wvu 1853), or both. one group of chickens remained uninoculated and served as a negative control for ... | 1997 | 9356698 |
| dna amplification methods for diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of avian mycoplasmosis. | rapid, sensitive and specific tests that detect nucleic acid from pathogenic mycoplasmas are very attractive for the laboratory detection of infected flocks, and methods for direct detection of the four main pathogenic mycoplasmas have been developed. moreover, most avian mycoplasma species can be differentiated, according to their unique restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns generated with different restriction enzymes. however, this method is limited to the identification of ... | 1997 | 9276996 |
| changing expectations in the control of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is traditionally controlled by maintaining mg-free flocks on single-age production sites and maintaining them mg-free utilizing good biosecurity and a consistent serological monitoring program. in recent years, several changes have taken place which have changed our ways about thinking about mg control. there have been significant improvements in detection methods. for example, polymerase chain reaction now represents a rapid and sensitive method for detecting the o ... | 1997 | 9276990 |
| application of a nonlinear regression function to evaluate the kinetics of antibody response to vaccines in chicken lines divergently selected for multitrait immune response. | to evaluate the kinetics of immune response to vaccines in chickens, antibody response curves were approximated to the observed antibody ratios by using a nonlinear regression function. new parameters, the curve maximum (ymax) and the time of the maximum (tmax), were calculated. the method was applied to analyze the kinetics of the serum antibody response to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and pasteurella multocida (pm) vaccines in white leghorn lines selected, in replicate, for 10 generations for ... | 1997 | 9276887 |
| epitope diversity of f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum detected by flow cytometry. | a culture of f strain mycoplasma gallisepticum (f-mg) that exhibited an epitope identified by monoclonal antibody (mab) 6f10 was used to inoculate leghorn hens in two different trials. in trial 1, mature hens chronically infected with f-mg were swabbed at intervals from 230 to 345 days postinoculation (pi). the f-mg isolates were tested with an agar plate fluorescent antibody (apfa) method that used a polyclonal antibody and with a flow cytometry (pc) technique that used mab 6f10. primary cultur ... | 1997 | 9201390 |
| avian mycoplasmosis in asia. | since 1954, avian mycoplasmosis has been considered a significant problem in chicken flocks in japan and in other asian countries. in japan, mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. synoviae (ms) infections were confirmed aetiologically in chicken flocks affected with respiratory disease or synovitis in 1962 and 1973, respectively. in other asian countries, including indonesia, the people's republic of china, korea, malaysia, the philippines, taipei china and thailand, the occurrence of mycoplasmosi ... | 1996 | 9190025 |
| control of avian mycoplasmoses by vaccination. | vaccination is an option for controlling mycoplasma gallisepticum or m. synoviae when biosecurity measures fail to prevent the infection of poultry flocks with these mycoplasmas. both killed vaccines (bacterins) and living vaccines are currently in commercial use. bacterins usually contain an oil emulsion adjuvant and are administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. they can reduce the decline in egg production associated with m. gallisepticum, although they do not prevent infection. ... | 1996 | 9190024 |
| mycoplasmoses in poultry. | the most important mycoplasmas isolated from domestic avian species include mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), m. synoviae (ms), m. meleagridis (mm) and m. iowae (mi). mg causes chronic respiratory disease of chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, resulting in economic losses. ms causes infectious synovitis or mild upper respiratory disease. mm infects only turkeys, causing airsacculitis and sub-optimal production and hatchability. mi is associated with reduced hatchability in turkey flocks. ... | 1996 | 9190023 |
| adherence of mycoplasma gallisepticum involves variable surface membrane proteins. | adherence of mycoplasma gallisepticum to erythrocytes was examined by colony immunoblotting, detergent phase fractionation, trypsin treatment, comparison of protein profiles, and comparison of erythrocyte-bound mycoplasma protein fractions of hemadsorption-positive and -negative mutants. the binding of m. gallisepticum to chicken or human erythrocytes was found to be mediated via surface-exposed membrane proteins undergoing high-frequency phase variation. | 1997 | 9169793 |
| mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in a european starling. | bilateral conjunctivitis and episcleritis were identified in an adult european starling (sturnus vulgaris). a novel mycoplasma species, mycoplasma sturni, was isolated in pure culture from the conjunctiva of both eyes. the clinical presentation was similar to that of conjunctivitis in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum. however, the histologic lesions were distinct, by the presence of ulceration and by the absence of epithelial hyperplasia and lymphoplasmacyt ... | 1997 | 9131571 |
| identification of mycoplasma isolates by elisa. | an antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the rapid identification of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. two trials were conducted to compare the elisa with the conventional fluorescent antibody technique. in trial 1, broilers were inoculated with m. gallisepticum f, m. gallisepticum s6, and m. synoviae. in trial 2, hens were inoculated with m. gallisepticum f, m. synoviae, and a combination of the two. swab isolates were obtained from the choana ... | 1997 | 9087324 |
| antibody responses of chickens to inoculation with mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins in immunostimulating complexes. | membrane proteins of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) strain r were extracted with the detergent mega-10 and incorporated into immunostimulating complexes (iscoms). a membrane protein of approximately 64 kd (p64) molecular weight was a major component of mg iscoms. six-week-old specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens were inoculated by various routes (subcutaneous; combined intranasal and eyedrop; and combined subcutaneous, intranasal, and eyedrop) with 10 micrograms mg proteins in iscoms, or inocu ... | 1996 | 8980811 |
| standardized method of aerosol challenge for testing the efficacy of mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines. | a special chamber was constructed with the goal of controlling the process of aerosol infection of chickens with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). the virulent australian mg field strain ap3as was used in each of three experiments. the response to infection of layer-strain pullets was measured serologically, by the incidence and severity of gross lesions in tracheas and air sacs, and by the relative numbers of mg isolated from tracheas and air sacs 2 wk after challenge. in two of the experiments tr ... | 1996 | 8883797 |
| protective immunity induced in chicken by a single immunization with mycoplasma gallisepticum immunostimulating complexes (iscoms). | an experimental immunostimulating complex vaccine has been prepared from detergent (mega-10) solubilized mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) antigens. sucrose gradient centrifugation, sds-page and immunoblotting studies demonstrated that the iscom vaccine contained virtually all of the immunodominant mg membrane proteins, including p64 and p56. protective immunity generated by the experimental mg iscom vaccine was demonstrated in challenge experiments. chickens immunized with a single dose containing ... | 1996 | 8843631 |
| detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodiesin the sera of village chickens by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | 1996 | 8809982 | |
| development and application of dna probes and pcr tests for haemophilus paragallinarum. | a genomic dna library of haemophilus paragallinarum strain modesto was created. screening of this library identified four clones that reacted specifically with all 56 isolates of h. paragallinarum tested and failed to react with 24 closely related bacteria from the genera pasteurella and actinobacillus. all four clones also failed to react with dna extracted from one field isolate each of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. the probes based on these four clones were approximately 1 ... | 1996 | 8790892 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction and a nonradioactive dna probe for infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed using infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) primers made from a portion of the iltv thymidine kinase gene. dna from various iltv field isolates, from the usda challenge strain of iltv, and from commercial iltv vaccines was specifically amplified. no amplification occurred using template dna from uninfected chicken-embryo liver cells (celc), several nonavian alphaher-pesviruses, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, pasteurella hemoly ... | 1996 | 8713048 |
| polymerase chain reaction optimization for mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae diagnosis. | mycoplasma gallisepticum- or m. synoviae-challenged chickens were monitored with serological assays (serum plate agglutination, hemagglutination inhibition, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the tracheal swabs from m. gallisepticum-challenged chickens received three different treatments (phosphate-buffered saline [pbs], frey's broth, or 10 mm tris-hcl/250 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/ 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate [ste]) prior to dna purification. a ... | 1996 | 8713037 |
| studies on the efficacy of combined immunostimulant-antibiotic therapy against experimental mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | josamycin is an antibiotic known to become selectively concentrated intracellularly and in respiratory organs, the habitate of mycoplasma gallisepticum. the aim of this present work was to evaluate the efficacy of josamycin when given alone or combined with an immunostimulant cornebacterium cutis ultralysate. groups of chickens were given josamycin alone or corynebacterium ultralysate alone or both agents or nothing immediately before induction of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. birds were s ... | 1995 | 8591743 |
| the effect of route of inoculation on protection by killed vaccines in chickens. | the effect of various routes of immunization on protection against challenge by virulent agents was examined in chickens. chickens were immunized intratracheally, intranasally, per os, by crop gavage, and intramuscularly. agents examined were killed haemophilus paragallinarum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, and infectious bursal disease virus. results of immunization by intratracheal administration were equivalent to those produced by parenteral administration. all vaccines effectively induced produc ... | 1995 | 8561734 |
| pathogenicity and cytadherence of mycoplasma imitans in chicken and duck embryo tracheal organ cultures. | two strains of the avian organism mycoplasma imitans were examined for pathogenicity and cytadherence in chicken and duck embryo tracheal organ cultures, and a virulent strain of the related pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum was included for comparison. all consistently cause ciliostasis in tracheal explants from both hosts, and examination of infected tissues by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that m. imitans proliferated on the epithelial surface and adhere ... | 1996 | 8550208 |
| protection against airsacculitis with sequential systemic and local immunization of chickens using killed mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin with iota carrageenan adjuvant. | the induction of protective immunity to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) by bacterins containing 0.2% iota carrageenan (icgn) as an adjuvant has been studied. various combinations of intracoelomic (i.c.), intratracheal (i.t.), intranasal (i.n.), intravenous (i.v.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and oral immunization routes were evaluated. vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups were compared with a group vaccinated s.c. with a commercial bacterin. primary i.c. immunization with the bacterin was as effective as ... | 1993 | 8447159 |
| species-specific oligonucleotide probes complementary to 16s rrna of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | mycoplasma gallisepticum and m synoviae are important avian pathogens causing respiratory diseases which result in great economic losses in poultry farming. two oligonucleotide probes, complementary to the variable region v8 of 16s rrna from the avian mycoplasmas m gallisepticum and m synoviae have, therefore, been designed and used in direct filter hybridisation experiments. both probes gave strong hybridisation signals with their homologous targets, whereas no cross-hybridisations were obtaine ... | 1993 | 8378607 |
| detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in field samples using a species-specific dna probe. | species-specific dna probes for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were compared with serologic and isolation procedures as a routine diagnostic tool on field specimens acquired from chicken flocks experiencing egg-production losses and suspected of mg infection. the mg dna probe clearly identified mg directly from tracheal specimens within 2 days, unlike the 7 to 10 days required for culture procedures. cross-reaction of mg with m. synoviae continues to be a stumbling block in the serum plate agglut ... | 1993 | 8257385 |
| clinical mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in multiplier breeder and meat turkeys caused by f strain: identification by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, restriction endonuclease analysis, and the polymerase chain reaction. | in february 1991, a flock of north carolina multiplier breeder turkeys experienced respiratory signs, sinusitis, airsacculitis, and increased mortality. mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was isolated, and appropriate control measures were initiated. ultimately, this outbreak involved several breeder flocks of an integrated turkey production company before the last infected flock was identified in may 1991. during this time, mg was also isolated from a flock of commercial layer-type chickens raised a ... | 1993 | 8257382 |
| inhibition of mycoplasma gallisepticum growth and attachment to chick tracheal rings by antibodies to a 64-kilodalton membrane protein of m. gallisepticum. | a mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) strain r protein of 64 kilodaltons (p64) was partially digested from the surface of the bacterium by trypsin. monospecific polyclonal anti-p64 igg inhibited attachment of mg to chick tracheal rings by as much as 69%. however, trypsin treatment of viable mg cells did not reduce attachment to tracheal rings or hemagglutination titer. anti-p64 igg inhibited growth of mg strain r in broth and on solid media, inhibited the uptake of radiolabeled thymidine, but did not ... | 1993 | 8257360 |
| protective immune response to mycoplasma gallisepticum demonstrated in respiratory-tract washings from m. gallisepticum-infected chickens. | chickens inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) produced iga, igm, and igg detectable in washings from the upper respiratory tract (urtw; nasal sinuses and turbinates) and lower respiratory tract (lrtw; trachea, lungs, and air sacs). urtw and lrtw from infected chickens had significant protective effects in a mg-inoculated tracheal-ring-organ-culture system. protective effects in vitro correlated positively with total mg-specific immunoglobulin titer, but not iga titer, as determined by e ... | 1993 | 8257359 |