Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| recombinant chicken interferon-gamma-mediated inhibition of eimeria tenella development in vitro and reduction of oocyst production and body weight loss following eimeria acervulina challenge infection. | recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (chifn-gamma) was produced in cho-k1 or spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells by transfection with a pcdna vector or recombinant baculovirus (sf9-interferon-gamma [ifn-gamma] carrying the chifn-gamma gene. a rabbit antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an immunogenic portion of chifn-gamma recognized a 22-23-kda band in sf9-ifn-gamma cell extracts by western blot analysis. biological activity of recombinant chifn-gamma was shown by its inhi ... | 1998 | 9645322 |
| comparative efficacy of anticoccidials under the conditions of commercial broiler production and in battery trials. | coccidia were isolated from a commercial broiler farm with a history of suspected drug resistance. the sensitivity profiles of the eimeria spp. isolates against the anticoccidial drugs nicarbazin (nic), narasin (nar), halofuginone (hal), salinomycin (sal), meticlorpindol plus methylbenzoquate (met), and monensin (mon) at the recommended dose levels were followed in three battery trials (b1, b2, b3) corresponding to a field study over three periods of commercial broiler keeping (f1, f2, f3). shut ... | 1998 | 9615950 |
| interactive effects of sodium bentonite and coccidiosis with monensin or salinomycin in chicks. | three experiments (exp.) were conducted to determine the interactive effects of sodium bentonite (nab) with the efficacy of monensin (mon) or salinomycin (sal) in coccidiosis-infected chicks. male broiler chicks 5 to 14 d of age were used, and each treatment was replicated with eight (exp. 1) or four (exp. 2 and 3) pens of five chicks each. in exp. 1, mon (80 ppm), nab (0.50%), or mon+nab were fed to uninfected and coccidiosis-infected (5 x 10(5) sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts on day 2 of ... | 1998 | 9565245 |
| quantifying risk factors of coccidiosis in broilers using on-farm data based on a veterinary practice. | a study was done to find and quantify risk factors for coccidiosis. the study population consisted of 4774 broiler flocks kept on 177 farms. flocks were considered a case when at least one bird in the flock showed microscopic presence of oocysts in intestinal scrapings in a grow-out cycle. other flocks were defined as controls. this was done for three types of eimeria: eimeria acervulina, eimeria tenella and eimeria maxima. logistic regression was used to assess variables that influence the occu ... | 1998 | 9500183 |
| in vivo effects of chicken interferon-gamma during infection with eimeria. | newly hatched chickens are highly susceptible to infection by opportunistic pathogens during the first 1 or 2 weeks of life. the use of cytokines as therapeutic agents has been studied in animal models as well as in immunosuppressed patients. this approach has become more feasible in livestock animals, in particular poultry, with the recent cloning of cytokine genes and the development of new technologies, such as live delivery vectors. we have recently cloned the gene for chicken interferon-gam ... | 1997 | 9335433 |
| kinetics of specific immunoglobulin a, m and g production in the duodenal and caecal mucosa of chickens infected with eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella. | the development and appearance of antibody was studied in the intestine and serum from histocompatible gb1 chickens orally infected with oocysts of eimeria acervulina (restricted to the duodenum) or eimeria tenella (restricted to the caeca). the local immune response was measured as the specific antibody levels in the supernatants of intestinal fragments (duodenum and caecum) maintained in culture for 16 h at 41 degrees c, 5% co2, 95% air. specific igm was detected 1 week after e. acervulina inf ... | 1997 | 9279583 |
| effects of components of artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. | four experiments were run to test the anticoccidial activity of dried artemisia annua leaves and several of their chemical constituents for possible use as prophylactic feed additives. when fed over a period of 3 wk at a level of 5%, a dried leaf supplement of a. annua provided significant protection against lesions due to eimeria tenella but not eimeria acervulina or eimeria maxima. when fed over a period of 5 wk at a level of 1% to chicks undergoing immunization with a live vaccine, it provide ... | 1997 | 9251146 |
| assessment of recombinant bovine somatotropin as an immunomodulator during avian coccidiosis: immunization with living oocysts. | coccidiosis, a disease of great economic importance to the poultry industry, is generally controlled prophylactically by additions of anticoccidial drugs to the feed. however, increasing development of drug-resistant coccidia species has stimulated searches for alternative control methods, one of which is vaccination. as part of this effort, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbst) was tested as a possible immune stimulator in combination with live oocyst vaccination. at a dose of 0.045 mg per c ... | 1997 | 9251145 |
| eimeria acervulina: influence of corticosterone-induced immunosuppression on oocyst shedding and production characteristics in broilers, and correlation with a computer simulation model. | an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of immune responsiveness on excretion of oocysts after e. acervulina infection and subsequent effects on production characteristics of broilers (gallus domesticus). these effects were determined in broilers repeatedly infected with 2.85 x 10(3) oocysts of e. acervulina and treated with various dosages of corticosterone in the diet (0, 10, 20 and 30 p.p.m.). corticosterone treatment did not have an effect on the peak oocyst excretion, althoug ... | 1997 | 9195709 |
| phylogenetic relationships among eight eimeria species infecting domestic fowl inferred using complete small subunit ribosomal dna sequences. | complete 18s ribosomal rna gene sequences were determined for 8 eimeria species of chickens and for eimeria bovis of cattle. sequences were aligned with each other and with sequences from 2 sarcocystis spp., toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and 4 cryptosporidium spp. aligned sequences were analyzed by maximum parsimony to infer evolutionary relationships among the avian eimeria species. eimecia bovis was found to be the sister taxon to the 8 eimeria species infecting chickens. within the avi ... | 1997 | 9105308 |
| the effect of added complex carbohydrates or added dietary fiber on necrotic enteritis lesions in broiler chickens. | two trials utilizing two corn diets and four wheat diets were conducted. in trial 2, all chicks were crop-infused at 9 d of age with eimeria acervulina. in both trials, a broth culture of clostridium perfringens was mixed with the diets for 3 consecutive d. necrotic enteritis lesion scores were lowest in chickens consuming the corn diet with no c. perfringens and highest in chickens fed the wheat diets with c. perfringens. chickens consuming a wheat diet with no added complex carbohydrates or ad ... | 1997 | 9037684 |
| b-cell epitope mapping within the ma16 antigenic sequence found in eimeria acervulina merozoites and sporozoites. | overlapping heptapeptides derived from the ma16 eimeria acervulina antigenic sequence (castle et al., 1991) were synthesised on polypropylene pins ('pepskan' technique, cambridge research biochemicals, uk). binding of antibodies from chickens and rabbits infected and immunised respectively with various species of eimeria oocysts (e. acervulina, e. tenella, e praecox, e. necatrix and e. maxima), was examined using the coated pins as the solid phase of an enzyme immunoassay (eia). antigenicity of ... | 1996 | 9017878 |
| effects of initial litter contamination level with eimeria acervulina on population dynamics and production characteristics in broilers. | the present experiment was done to obtain experimental evidence supporting the existence of an optimal initial contamination level of eimeria acervulina with respect to broiler productivity, as suggested by simulation model outcomes. three levels of initial (on day 3) contamination of the litter were applied (low, intermediate and high). the peak of oocyst excretion during the flock cycle (grow-out) (days 0-36) depended on the initial contamination level. oocysts peaked at day 15, 22 and 33 for ... | 1996 | 8983148 |
| avian eimeria species: effect of prior or simultaneous inoculation of one species on cellular invasion by a second species in vivo and in vitro. | the effect of prior or simultaneous administration of eimeria acervulina on cellular invasion by e. acervulina, e. tenella, or e. adenoeides was examined in vivo and/or in vitro. in chickens immunized with e. acervulina oocysts, invasion by sporozoites from a challenge inoculum of e. acervulina increased slightly over invasion in naive controls, and invasion by sporozoites of e. tenella and e. adenoeides increased by factors of 1.99 and 2.26, respectively, over that in controls. conversely, simu ... | 1996 | 8980806 |
| t lymphocyte roles during eimeria acervulina and eimeria tenella infections. | this study evaluated the effects of selective depletion of t lymphocytes on eimeria infections in chickens. cell depletions were initiated in day- or week-old hyline sc strain chickens using intra-peritoneal injections of monoclonal antibodies to cd4, cd8, or t cell receptor (tcr) alpha/beta. control chickens received injections of irrelevant monoclonal antibody or phosphate buffered saline (pbs). following the establishment of cell depletion, chickens were infected orally with e. acervulina or ... | 1996 | 8941977 |
| the ratio of the water and food consumption of chickens and its significance in the chemotherapy of coccidiosis. | an investigation was made of the relationship between the water and food consumption of healthy and sick chickens using coccidiosis as a disease model, and uninfected chickens as healthy controls, male birds of an egg-production breed and males and females of a meat-production breed were found to have simultaneously reduced water and food intakes 4 days after infection with eimeria acervulina or e. maxima, and from 4 to 6 days after infection with e. tenella. this phenomenon was associated with ... | 1996 | 8908724 |
| intraspecific polymorphisms of eimeria species due to resistance against anticoccidial drugs. | resistance analyses were done on 15 eimeria acervulina strains and 5 e. brunetti strains. in all, 55% of these strains proved to have complex profiles of resistance to anticoccidial drugs as judged by resistance-index (ri) evaluation. genomic fingerprints generated by random amplified dna (rapd) with 16 primers via the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed a high degree of similarity (si) between nonresistant strains (si up to 95%). polymorphisms including band shifts, differences in banding ... | 1996 | 8897505 |
| changes in intestinal intra-epithelial and systemic t-cell subpopulations after an eimeria infection in chickens: comparative study between e acervulina and e tenella. | during chicken coccidiosis, the growth of the parasite in the intestinal epithelium cells leads to the development of host immune response. cell-mediated immune mechanisms appear to be mainly responsible for the acquired resistance to disease. the action of two species of eimeria, with two different intestinal localizations, on t-lymphocyte subsets was followed by fluorescent antibody cell-sorter analysis, locally at the intestinal site of the parasitic development and systemically in spleen and ... | 1996 | 8822618 |
| interaction between nutrition and eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens: diet compositions that improve fat digestion during eimeria acervulina infection. | previously an experimental infection model was developed in which broiler chickens were inoculated with sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts at an age of 18 d. the infection resulted in adverse performance results and reduced nutrient digestion. in two new experiments with the infection model effects of diet adjustments on fat digestion were investigated. in the first experiment addition of 0.4 g cholic acid/kg to a diet rich in animal fat resulted in increased fat digestion during the infectio ... | 1996 | 8774232 |
| interaction between nutrition and eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens: development of an experimental infection model. | in three experiments broiler chickens were inoculated with sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts at 18 d of age. feed intake, body-weight gain, brush-border enzyme activities, fat digestion, protein digestion and protein retention were measured. body-weight gain was reduced during the acute phase of the infection and increased during the recovery phase of the infection. feed intake was decreased on day 4 and day 5 postinfection (pi) and increased from day 7 to day 11 pi. maltase (ec 3.2.1.20) an ... | 1996 | 8774231 |
| efficacy of a monensin-duokvin combination against eimeria acervulina in chickens. | anticoccidial efficacy of a drug combination monensin at 8 p.p.m. plus the new antioxidant duokvin at 120 p.p.m. in the feed was compared with that of monensin alone at the recommended level of 100 p.p.m. against a field isolate of the coccidium eimeria acervulina tyzzer, 1929 in a battery study. both monensin and monensin duokvin combination were effective against e. acervulina when judged by weight gain, feed conversion and faecal scores. there was no significant difference in the chemoprophyl ... | 1996 | 8768461 |
| characterization of a chicken monoclonal antibody that recognizes the apical complex of eimeria acervulina sporozoites and partially inhibits sporozoite invasion of cd8+ t lymphocytes in vitro. | a stable chicken hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody (mab) that detects the apical complex of eimeria acervulina sporozoites has been developed by fusing a thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient chicken myeloma with spleen cells from chickens immunized with sporozoite antigen. the mab, designated as 6d-12-g10, recognized the apical complex of a sporozoite of 20-21 kda molecular mass on western blots. immunoelectron microscopic examination revealed that mab 6d-12-g10 stained the conoid antigen. fu ... | 1996 | 8627507 |
| enrichment of cecal species of avian eimeria in a mixed culture by transfer of sporozoites from foreign host to natural host birds. | an effective method for the enrichment of two cecal species of the avian eimeria in mixed cultures has been developed. the method involves the transfer of sporozoites of eimeria tenella and eimeria adenoeides from their specific site of invasion in a foreign host bird to the natural host, and markedly increases the numbers of the cecal species in relation to the other species in the mixture. donor turkeys and chickens were inoculated with mixed cultures containing equal numbers of oocysts of the ... | 1995 | 8614699 |
| response of three class-iv major histocompatibility complex haplotypes to eimeria acervulina in meat-type chickens. | 1. the importance of mhc genes and background genes in controlling disease resistance, including resistance to avian coccidiosis, has not been clarified in meat-type chickens. 2. the role of class iv mhc genes in resistance to eimeria acervulina was assessed in f2 progeny of a cross between 2 meat-type lines, selected divergently for immune response to escherichia coli. 3. disease susceptibility was assessed by lesion score, body weight, packed cell volume and carotene absorption. 4. chickens wi ... | 1995 | 8590088 |
| characterization of cell-mediated responses to eimeria acervulina antigens. | in order to identify antigens from eimeria acervulina eliciting cell-mediated as well as humoral immune responses, merozoite and sporozoite fractions were separated by electrophoresis and injected into chickens. coccidia-specific antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation, and interferon production were measured to determine whether the inoculations sensitized the chickens to merozoites and sporozoites. several fractions from merozoites and sporozoites induced humoral or cell-mediated responses. ... | 1995 | 8561739 |
| effects of different levels of oocyst inocula of eimeria acervulina, e. tenella, and e. maxima on plasma constituents, packed cell volume, lesion scores, and performance in chickens. | the effects of different levels of oocyst inocula of eimeria acervulina, e. tenella, or e. maxima on plasma carotenoids, total plasma lipids, total plasma proteins, packed cell volume (pcv), bird performance, and coccidial lesion scores were determined in male hubbard chickens. each test consisted of an uninfected treatment and either four levels (e. tenella and e. maxima) or five levels (e. acervulina) of inocula. carotenoids and lipids were significantly (p < or = 0.05) depressed by e. acervul ... | 1993 | 8452488 |
| anticoccidial efficacy of semduramicin. 1. evaluation against field isolates by dose titration in battery tests. | semduramicin (aviax), a novel polyether ionophore, was titrated in a series of five battery tests at 20, 25, and 30 ppm in feed to determine the optimum level for use. twelve-day-old broiler chicks were medicated for 48 h prior to inoculation in each 9-day test. the inocula included monospecific field isolates of eimeria tenella, eimeria brunetti, eimeria necatrix, and eimeria maxima, and a mixture of these species with eimeria acervulina and eimeria mitis. the numbers of oocysts inoculated were ... | 1993 | 8265494 |
| [eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina: an antigenic stimulation in vitro of cells from immune chickens induced by adoptive transfer of protection against avian coccidiosis]. | the transfer of 5 x 10(7) or 10(8) spleen cells from e tenella-infected chickens to virgin animals after 12-20-h in vitro stimulation with whole sporozoite homogenates confers significant protection to recipients. the oocyst contents of ceca on d 7 post-infection with 20,000 e tenella oocysts were (1.33 +/- 1.10) x 10(6) in chickens which received 5 x 10(7) immune cells after 20-h in vitro stimulation and (4.64 +/- 2.85) x 10(6) in chickens receiving 5 x 10(7) stimulated cells from normal chicke ... | 1993 | 8260962 |
| effect of amprolium on production, sporulation, and infectivity of eimeria oocysts. | amprolium reduced the number of oocysts shed by eimeria acervulina, e. maxima, e. necatrix, and a mixture of susceptible strains of e. tenella. sporulation of oocysts from mediated chickens was reduced compared with that of oocysts from unmedicated chickens. sporulation was reduced by levels of 0.0250% amprolium for e. acervulina and by levels of 0.0060% for e. maxima and the susceptible e. tenella. not enough oocysts were recovered to measure sporulation of e. necatrix. sporulation reduction wa ... | 1993 | 8141759 |
| evidence of a role for intestinal cd8+ lymphocytes and macrophages in transport of eimeria acervulina sporozoites. | the objective of this study was to identify host immune cells interacting with eimeria sporozoites in the intestine. one-week-old sc strain chickens were infected with 2 x 10(7) sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts. twenty-four hours postinfection, duodenal sections were removed, imbedded in tissue-tek compound, and frozen. after sectioning, tissues were stained with monoclonal antibodies to identify cd4+, cd8+, ig+, and bula+ lymphocytes, macrophages, and sporozoites; 28% of the sporozoites we ... | 1993 | 8105047 |
| rate and course of sporulation of oocysts of eimeria acervulina under different environmental conditions. | an experiment was conducted to determine the rate and maximum percentage of sporulation of eimeria acervulina oocysts at various environmental conditions relating to temperature (21 versus 33 degrees c) and relative humidity (rh) (40 versus 80%). measurements were made during 44 h after excretion of oocysts in 3 substrates: dry litter, clammy litter and pure faeces respectively. maximum sporulation percentage in both dry (22.6%) and clammy litter (19.5%) was higher (p < 0.005) than in pure faece ... | 1994 | 8052504 |
| analysis of eimeria acervulina-induced changes in the intestinal t lymphocyte subpopulations in two chicken strains showing different levels of susceptibility to coccidiosis. | the major t lymphocyte subpopulations expressing cd8, cd4, or antigen-specific t cell receptor (tcr) heterodimer alpha beta (tcr2) or gamma delta (tcr1) were assessed in duodenum intraepithelium of two inbred chicken strains, sc and tk, by single- and double-label immunofluorescence (if) at various times after oral inoculation with eimeria acervulina. the duodenum intraepithelial t lymphocytes (iel) expressing the cd8 antigen (cytotoxic/suppressor t cells) increased in the sc and tk chickens fol ... | 1994 | 7908452 |
| development and characterization of chicken-chicken b cell hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies that detect sporozoite and merozoite antigens of eimeria. | chicken-chicken b cell hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (mab) detecting antigens located at the anterior tip of the sporozoites of eimeria acervulina have been produced. peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) obtained from chickens infected with e. acervulina were fused with a thymidine-kinase deficient (tk-) chicken b cell line. hybridomas secreting mab binding to the sporozoite antigens of e. acervulina were selected using an elisa. two stable hybridomas, whose mab were designated as ... | 1994 | 7862608 |
| eimeria maxima gametocyte antigens: potential use in a subunit maternal vaccine against coccidiosis in chickens. | affinity-purified gametocyte antigens (apga) from eimeria maxima, emulsified in freund's adjuvant, were injected intramuscularly into breeding hens on two or three occasions. as a result, progeny of the immunized hens were partially immune to infection with e. maxima, eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina (with a reduction in total oocyst output of 45-63% as compared with progeny of untreated hens). thus, apga in freund's adjuvant appears to have great potential as part of a maternally applied ... | 1995 | 7793129 |
| coccidiosis: a radiological study of sulphaquinoxaline distribution in infected and uninfected chickens. | using scintillation counting and autoradiographical techniques, the whole-body distribution in week-old uninfected chickens of the anticoccidial agent sulphaquinoxaline (sq) labelled with 35s was established at various time intervals after a single oral dose either alone or following continuous in-feed medication with unlabelled sq, and after a single intravenous dose. the distribution was also established in chickens infected with the coccidia eimeria acervulina or e. tenella, after a single or ... | 1995 | 7674452 |
| effect of dietary raw soybeans on coccidiosis in chickens. | six battery experiments determined the effect of feeding raw soybeans (rsb) in corn-soybean diets on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. the experimental design represents a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with three dietary levels of incorporation of rsb (0, 50, and 100%), and chickens either infected or uninfected. the coccidial species tested singularly were eimeria acervulina, eimeria maxima, eimeria necatrix, eimeria brunetti, and eimeria tenella. with all species of eimeria a signif ... | 1995 | 7603956 |
| epidemiological studies of coccidiosis in the domesticated fowl (gallus gallus): ii. physical condition and survival of eimeria acervulina oocysts in poultry-house litter. | the survival of coccidial oocysts in poultry-house litter has been examined. the experimental design ensured that viable oocysts were not continuously replenished by multiplication in chicks. hence, reliable oocyst survival data were obtained, which is not possible in a commercial house where there is a continuously changing population of coccidia. litter was seeded directly from infected chicks with unsporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina. whilst sporulation proceeded rapidly, oocysts simult ... | 1995 | 7550445 |
| mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production following coccidia infection. | concanavalin a-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production were measured following infection with eimeria acervulina in lines of chickens congenic at the major histocompatibility complex and in two unrelated lines. similar proliferation responses were seen for splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes following primary but not secondary infection. greater differences in lymphocyte proliferation were found between the congenic lines and unrelated lines than among the congenic lines. ... | 1994 | 7526838 |
| antigen-specific t cell proliferation following coccidia infection. | coccidia antigen-specific t lymphocyte proliferation induced by eimeria acervulina was measured in chickens congenic at the major histocompatibility complex and in two unrelated lines. sporozoites and merozoites induced high proliferation of lymphocytes following primary infection, with similar changes seen for splenic or peripheral blood lymphocytes. highest antigen-specific proliferation after both primary and secondary infection was seen in line 15i5, which contributed the background genome t ... | 1993 | 7505435 |
| eimeria acervulina infection: evidence for the involvement of cd8+ t lymphocytes in sporozoite transport and host protection. | host-parasite interactions during coccidial infection are complex, and host responses leading to parasite elimination are not well understood. interactions between host cells and parasites were investigated using two-color immunofluorescent staining of duodenal tissue infected with eimeria acervulina. tissues were removed from tk strain chickens 24, 48, and 72 h after primary infection with 2.5 x 10(7) normal or irradiated oocysts and also following secondary infection with 2.5 x 10(7) normal oo ... | 1995 | 7479488 |
| studies with eimeria acervulina and e. mivati: pathogenicity and cross-immunity. | pathogenic effects caused by graded doses of recent isolates of eimeria acervulina, e. mivati and a new isolate, thought at first to be e. mitis, were compared. cross-immunity studies were conducted with 3 strains of e. acervulina and 2 strains of e. mivati, together with the new isolate. the results showed marked similarities between e. mivati and the new isolate and clear distinctions between these and e. acervulina. e. mivati produced scattered petechiae but did not form discrete lesions in t ... | 1980 | 7443295 |
| total intestinal absorption of glucose and l-methionine in broilers infected with eimeria acervulina, e. mivati, e. maxima or e. brunetti. | the in vitro absorption of glucose and l-methionine in the intestine of broiler chickens was measured 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (p.i.) with sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina, e. mivati, e. maxima or e. brunetti. the small intestine of each bird was divided into 8 regions of equal length and absorption was measured on 3 tissue disks of equal size from each region. the absorption rate of each substrate with each coccidial species was measured based on (1) an equal area from each re ... | 1980 | 7393622 |
| effect of amprolium and dinitolmide on sporulation of oocysts of field isolates of eimeria acervulina. | a laboratory strain of eimeria acervulina and 9 field isolates consisting principally of e. acervulina were tested for sensitivity to amprolium (125 p.p.m.) or dinitolmide (125 p.p.m.) in the food and for effects of the drugs on sporulation of oocysts. judged by weight gains and lesion scores, medicaments were only partially effective against the 9 field isolates, but were highly effective against the laboratory strain. oocysts were produced in all the infections but the percentage sporulation o ... | 1981 | 7329718 |
| eimeria acervulina and e. mivati: oocysts, life-cycle and ability to develop in the chicken embryo. | three strains of eimeria acervulina and 3 strains of e. mivati were compared. e. acervulina was characterized by the ovoidal shape of its oocysts and their rapid sporulation, small first-generation schizonts containing few merozoites, and its inability to complete development in the chorio-allantois of chicken embryos. e. mivati had more rounded oocysts with a longer sporulation time, larger first-generation schizonts containing twice as many merozoites and it developed readily in the chorio-all ... | 1981 | 7329717 |
| cytochemical observations on sporozoites of chicken coccidia, eimeria acervulina, e. hagani, e. maxima, and e. tenella. | 1981 | 7328989 | |
| experimental development of resistance of amprolium or dinitolmide in eimeria acervulina and its effect on inhibition of sporulation of oocysts. | 1981 | 7328470 | |
| eimeria acervulina infection in the chicken: sulfur amino acid requirement of the chick during acute coccidiosis. | five assays were conducted to determine whether eimeria acervulina infection would alter the chick's sulfur amino acid (saa) requirement. chicks were housed in heated starter batteries with raised wire floors and fed completely purified crystalline amino acid diets. with light to moderate e. acervulina infection, data were somewhat inconclusive. in assay 1, infected birds responded to levels of saa above those required by healthy birds; but in two subsequent assays no difference in saa requireme ... | 1981 | 7322985 |
| eimeria acervulina infection in the chicken: a model system for estimating nutrient requirements during coccidiosis. | eimeria maxima inoculations of 5 x 10(4) oocysts and e. acervulina inoculations of 2 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(5) oocysts were shown to depress growth by 15 to 20% in young chicks fed crystalline amino acid (caa) diets. the intestinal lesions produced were typical of light to moderate coccidiosis. in one experiment, the performance of chicks fed monensin was increased in the presence, but not in the absence, of e. acervulina. thus, monensin prevented the negative effects of e. acervulina on chick perfor ... | 1981 | 7322984 |
| the sensitivity of field isolates of eimeria acervulina type to monensin. | the sensitivity of 32 field isolates of eimeria acervulina to 100 ppm monensin was investigated in birds inoculated with 10(6) or 10(3) oocysts. isolates were obtained from broiler farms where monensin had been used (broiler isolates) and from breeder farms where the drug had never been employed (breeder isolates). the drug was not completely effective against breeder isolates. when broiler and breeder isolates were compared, monensin was less effective against the former irrespective of whether ... | 1982 | 7201192 |
| eimeria acervulina and eimeria tenella infections in ochratoxin a-compromised broiler chickens. | a 2 x 6 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of coccidial infections in ochratoxin a-compromised chicks. ochratoxin a was incorporated into the feed at the dose levels of 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 micrograms/g toxin in feed (ppm), and fed to the birds from 1 day of age. birds from each treatment were inoculated with either eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella at 14 days of age. ochratoxin a decreased the severity of lesions caused by both e. acervulina and e. tenel ... | 1982 | 7100060 |
| eimeria acervulina infection in chicks fed excess copper in the presence or absence of excess dietary methionine. | five experiments were conducted with young, male, crossbred chicks to investigate the effects of experimental eimeria acervulina infection on the efficacy of supplemental cu and (or) methionine when added to a corn-soybean meal diet. duodenal coccidiosis (due to e. acervulina) and supplemental cu (500 and 750 mg/kg) depressed weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. supplemental cu increased concentrations of cu in liver and gallbladder; experimental coccidiosis resulted in a two- to four ... | 1982 | 7096222 |
| roxarsone toxicity in the chick as influenced by dietary cysteine and copper and by experimental infection with eimeria acervulina. | a series of experiments was conducted with crossbred chicks to determine the effects of l-cysteine, copper, and coccidiosis on roxarsone toxicity. levels of roxarsone in excess of 50 mg/kg depressed performance and increased kidney arsenic concentration. l-cysteine x hcl x h2o (59%) increased rate and efficiency of gain when added to the basal diet, but depressed performance, increased kidney arsenic concentration, and enhanced mortality when added to diets containing toxic levels of roxarsone ( ... | 1982 | 7088802 |
| effects of coccidiosis on the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in chickens. | the electrophoretic distribution of serum proteins was measured in chickens inoculated with sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina, e. tenella, and e. maxima. total serum protein decreased on day 5 and 7 postinoculation (pi) with all three species. however, the changes produced in the individual serum protein fractions differed with the species. in serum from e. acervulina-infected birds, all protein components decreased quantitatively; the largest decrease was in the alpha globulins. the over ... | 1982 | 7077437 |
| a preliminary study of the nature of infection and immunity in chickens given an attenuated line of eimeria acervulina. | the houghton (h) strain of eimeria acervulina was attenuated by serial passage through chickens of the first oocysts produced during infection. this selection pressure resulted in a reduction in the pre-patent period of the parasite, shown to be due to the selection of a line predominantly with only 3 instead of 4 generations of schizonts. the precocious line had a reproductive potential much lower than that of the parent strain and it was significantly less pathogenic. chickens given oocysts of ... | 1982 | 7063253 |
| further investigation of the pathogenicity, immunogenicity and stability of precocious eimeria acervulina. | attenuated lines of eimeria acervulina were isolated between 62 and 72 h post-infection from the houghton (h) strain. the inoculation of small numbers of oocysts of precocious (hp) lines gave substantial protection to light sussex chicks kept on litter against challenge with the virulent h strain. the precocious trait of the 72 h hp line was shown to be stable because the kinetics of oocyst production remained unaltered after 9 consecutive passages through birds in which only late developing ooc ... | 1983 | 6877863 |
| the oocyst sporulation time of eimeria species from the fowl. | freshly isolated oocysts were sporulated at 29 degrees c with constant aeration. minimum sporulation time was determined by dosing the developing oocysts at intervals of 1 h to successive groups of chickens to assess the first occurrence of infective forms. microscopic analysis of the sporulating oocysts allowed calculation of the time required for 50% of the oocysts to complete the process. this was considered to be the most accurate determination and the most useful for comparative purposes. f ... | 1983 | 6856329 |
| zinc toxicity, zinc deficiency and zinc-copper interrelationship in eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. | three experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the effect of duodenal coccidiosis caused by eimeria acervulina infection on zn toxicity, zn deficiency and the interrelationship between zn and cu. the coccidial infection depressed both rate and efficiency of weight gain. dietary zn addition at 2000 mg/kg depressed performance only slightly, but the 4000 mg/kg reduced both gain and gain/feed markedly. the coccidial infection appeared to have an ameliorative effect on zn toxicity ... | 1983 | 6827384 |
| drug sensitivity of coccidia from broiler breeder pullets and from broilers in the same integrated company. | coccidia isolated from 12 breeder pullet farms and 18 broiler farms were tested for sensitivity to anticoccidial drugs. the species eimeria acervulina, e. maxima, and e. tenella were common in the isolates and were fully pathogenic. broiler coccidia were generally resistant to zoalene but sensitive to nicarbazin. about half of the isolates had reduced sensitivity to amprolium and monensin. most of the breeder pullet coccidia were resistant to zoalene and amprolium, but almost all were highly sen ... | 1984 | 6743177 |
| evaluation of a mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the treatment of bacterial and coccidial diseases of poultry. | representative experiments from work undertaken to develop a synergistic mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the preventive treatment of certain poultry diseases are described. sulphaquinoxaline in the diet for four days was shown to achieve at least an 85 per cent higher blood level than nine other sulphonamides in chicks, and the efficacies of various trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline regimes in the diet or in the drinking water were demonstrated against pasteurellosis, colisepticae ... | 1983 | 6665970 |
| freedom of coccidial oocysts from newcastle disease virus. | oocysts were recovered from chickens experimentally infected with the mukteswar strain of newcastle disease virus and eimeria acervulina or e tenella. oocysts sterilised by sodium hypochlorite solution were washed, ruptured and inoculated into embryonating eggs which were examined after five days by the haemagglutination test for virus. all these tests were negative. virus, initially detected with oocysts separated from faeces, was no longer present after sporulation in 2 per cent potassium bich ... | 1983 | 6665322 |
| [clinical aspects, pathomorphology and histokinetics in experimental eimeria acervulina infection in chickens]. | experiments were carried out with birds experimentally infected with eimeria acervulina. it was found that this causative agent was responsible for catarrhal to hemorrhagic enteritis, however, the feces did not contain blood despite their becoming watery. in the duodenum it was shown to accomplish schizogony three times: the first schizogony took place up to the 72nd hour, the second one--up to the 120th hour, and the third one--up to the 168 th hour. on the other hand, gametogony started at the ... | 1983 | 6659348 |
| the effects of eimeria acervulina infection on the metabolism of chick duodenal tissue. | broiler chicks, 2--3 weeks old were infected with eimeria acervulina, and the metabolism and ultrastructure of the infected duodenal tissue were studied during the period 3--14 days after inoculation (dai). between 4 and 5 dai duodenal rings showed an increase in c-1/c-6 ratios of co2 evolved from glucose as well as decreases in the rates of oxidation of glucose and octanoic acid. between 4--7 dai mitochondria from infected epithelial layers had reduced rates of octanoic acid and alpha-ketogluta ... | 1984 | 6538718 |
| feed additive interactions in the chicken: reduction of tissue copper deposition by dietary roxarsone in healthy and in eimeria acervulina-infected or eimeria tenella-infected chicks. | interactions among roxarsone, copper, and coccidiosis were studied in growing crossbred chicks. corn-soy or corn-soy-corn gluten meal diets were fed in all assays. in the absence of supplemental copper, 50 mg/kg roxarsone did not affect gain. however, in the presence of 250 mg/kg supplemental copper, there was a depression in gain due to feeding 50 mg/kg roxarsone. in contrast, at a toxic level of copper (1000 mg/kg), a growth response resulted from feeding roxarsone. in all instances, roxarsone ... | 1984 | 6473253 |
| physiological responses of chicken gut tissue to infection with eimeria acervulina. | although eimeria acervulina parasitizes primarily the duodenum of chickens, in heavy infections the entire small intestine may become distended. this reaction was measured in terms of length, fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture in relation to time postinfection (pi) and dose. increases in percent moisture were apparently associated with numbers of infection sites, because higher doses caused increased moisture in the more distal portions of the small intestine. the first gross intestinal resp ... | 1984 | 6441557 |
| antibodies to coccidia: detection by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | the elisa test was used for the detection of antibodies to coccidia in the serum and/or egg yolk of chickens infected with eimeria acervulina, e. maxima or e. tenella and in the serum of rats infected with e. nieschulzi. antigens prepared from different developmental stages of the parasite were tested and the cross-reaction between different species of eimeria were examined. the variability in cross-reactivity of different species and the advantages and possible applications of the test are disc ... | 1983 | 6355983 |
| role of coccidia in the occurrence of necrotic enteritis of chickens. | clostridium perfringens type a, eimeria acervulina, and eimeria necatrix were used to produce necrotic enteritis in chickens. the disease was produced in all groups of birds that received feed contaminated with c. perfringens. mortality due to necrotic enteritis was highest (53%) in birds infected with e. acervulina before infection with clostridia. there was a significant difference in mortality rates between birds infected with e. acervulina and birds infected with e. necatrix before infection ... | 1980 | 6254485 |
| composition of heart, liver, and skeletal muscle from broilers with coccidiosis. | infection with eimeria acervulina, eimeria brunetti, or eimeria tenella affected the composition of the breast, thigh, heart, and liver of 3 or 4-week-old broilers. liver glycogen was significantly increased at 6 and 8 days postinoculation (pi) with e. acervulina. conversely, liver glycogen was decreased at 4 and 6 days pi with e. tenella and was unaffected by infection with e. brunetti. the levels of rna and lipid in the liver were decreased with e. acervulina but unchanged with e. tenella. bot ... | 1981 | 6172783 |
| [the effect of anticoccidiosis agents against eimeria acervulina in chickens]. | 1967 | 6079431 | |
| studies on eimeria mivati in chickens and a comparison with eimeria acervulina. | 1967 | 5634116 | |
| [eimeria acervulina coccidiosis in laying hens]. | 1969 | 5388252 | |
| changes in body weight and intestinal absorption during infections with eimeria acervulina in the chicken. | 1970 | 5279125 | |
| eimeria acervulina and macrophage response in chickens: behaviour of the parasite and the host cells. | 1972 | 5071066 | |
| disturbed intestinal absorption of vitamin a and carotenes and the effect of a low ph during eimeria acervulina infection in the domestic fowl (gallus domesticus). | 1972 | 5018202 | |
| immunization by irradiated eimeria acervulina. | 1972 | 5008847 | |
| [influence of duodenal eimeria acervulina coccidiosis on the free amino acid content of muscle in chickens]. | 1971 | 5001368 | |
| eimeria acervulina and e. maxima: incidence and anticoccidial drug resistance of isolants in major broiler-producing areas. | 1974 | 4851799 | |
| the ultrastructure of chick intestinal absorptive cells during eimeria acervulina infection. | 1974 | 4841686 | |
| fine structure of the schizonts and merozoites of eimeria acervulina in the chicken. | 1974 | 4814788 | |
| the role of chicken macrophages in the parenteral excystation of eimeria acervulina. | 1973 | 4786839 | |
| fine structural changes associated with microgametogenesis of eimeria acervulina in chickens. | 1973 | 4773437 | |
| effects of different infection rates on the oocyst production of eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella in the chicken. | 1973 | 4761768 | |
| the effect of eimeria acervulina on the reproductive potentials of four other species of chicken coccidia during concurrent infections. | 1973 | 4738008 | |
| mucosal morphology and cellular renewal in the intestine of chickens following a single infection of eimeria acervulina. | 1973 | 4576141 | |
| presence and development of eimeria acervulina in the goblet cells of the duodenal epithelium in experimentally infected birds. | 1974 | 4428879 | |
| some physiological effects of eimeria acervulina, e. brunetti, and e. mivati infections in young chickens. | 1974 | 4417272 | |
| strongly acid intestinal content and lowered protein, carotene and vitamin a blood levels in eimeria acervulina infected chickens. | 1969 | 4316263 | |
| the effect of dietary crude protein level on intestinal and cecal coccidiosis in chicken. | the effect of interaction of crude protein level in the diet and coccidiosis of the cecum and small intestine of chicks was investigated. a total of 390 day-old chicks were divided in 36 groups of ten and six groups of five chicks each. twelve groups of ten and two groups of six chicks each were fed one of the three diets based on dietary crude protein level (16%, 20% and 24%). all diets contained an equal energy concentration. the chicks were on the appropriate diet for 15 days prior to infecti ... | 1973 | 4266700 |
| effects of eimeria acervulina on intestinal ph in conventional and gnotobiotic chickens. | 1974 | 4205348 | |
| does plasmodium gallinaceum induce relapse of eimeria acervulina infection in chickens? | an experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis that chickens previously infected with eimeria acervulina, but having ceased producing oocysts, recommence e acervulina oocyst production when infected with plasmodium gallinaceum. no relapse of coccidiosis was caused by the malarial infection. subsequent treatment with the immunosuppressant betamethasone of the control chicks infected with e acervulina only did not reveal any occult coccidial infection. the results are critically compared wit ... | 1985 | 4070797 |
| the use of intestinal d-xylose absorption and other parameters to determine the pathogenicity of and immunity to eimeria acervulina. | the degree of pathogenicity of eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens was evaluated by body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, oocyst production, gross morphologic lesion score, and intestinal d-xylose absorption. the least pathogenic effects, after challenge, occurred in birds immunized with 5 x 10(4) oocysts and challenged on day 14 with 3 x 10(6) oocysts. intestinal d-xylose absorption was found to be a sensitive method for evaluating the effects of coccidial infection and correlat ... | 1985 | 4070123 |
| drug-sensitivity of 99 isolates of coccidia from broiler farms. | coccidia were isolated from 99 broiler farms in 12 broiler-producing states and tested for sensitivity to contemporary anticoccidial drugs. the isolates usually comprised two or more species, including 92 eimeria acervulina, 47 e. maxima, 28 e. tenella, and 10 e. brunetti. based on intestinal-lesion-score reduction of 30% or more, 38% of isolates were resistant to monensin (110 ppm), 29% to salinomycin (60 ppm), 20% to nicarbazin (125 ppm), and 46% to amprolium + ethopabate (125 + 4 ppm). isolat ... | 1986 | 3814006 |
| concentration of 125globulins in intestinal tissues of immunized and non-immunized chickens infected with eimeria acervulina. | 1986 | 3806332 | |
| coccidial infections and gut microflora. | oral inoculations of sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina, e. necatrix, e. brunetti, e. tenella, or none were given to five groups of 4-wk-old chicks. fecal samples were taken at 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, and 21 days postinoculation and total fecal aerobe, total fecal anaerobe, fecal lactobacilli, and fecal coliform concentrations were enumerated. fecal aerobe concentrations increased 10-fold during the period from 3 to 8 days postinoculation. fecal anaerobe concentrations had small increase ... | 1987 | 3684872 |
| physiological responses of chicken gut tissue to coccidial infection: comparative effects of eimeria acervulina and eimeria mitis on mucosal mass, carotenoid content, and brush border enzyme activity. | broiler chicks, 3 to 4 wk of age, were inoculated with either eimeria acervulina or e. mitis, and mucosal dry weights, brush border enzyme activities, and carotenoid contents as well as plasma carotenoid levels were measured at 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation (pi). at 5 and 7 days pi mucosal dry weights, brush border enzyme activities, and carotenoid contents were significantly decreased at primary sites of infection (duodenum, e. acervulina; lower small intestine, e. mitis). in contrast, at si ... | 1987 | 3684853 |
| identification of immunodominant surface antigens of eimeria acervulina sporozoites and merozoites. | immunodominant surface antigens of eimeria acervulina sporozoites and merozoites were identified by 125i-labeling and immunoblotting studies. using these methodologies 60% of the immunodominant sporozoite antigens and 90% of the immunodominant merozoite antigens were observed to be 125i-surface labeled. however, several major 125i-labeled sporozoite and merozoite proteins did not represent prominent antigens as measured by immunoblotting. immunodominant surface antigens were found over a wide si ... | 1987 | 3670346 |
| penetration of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes by eimeria acervulina sporozoites. | 1986 | 3632104 | |
| effect of eimeria acervulina infection on chick (gallus domesticus) high density lipoprotein composition. | 1. plasma high density lipoprotein (hdl), the principal carotenoid carrier in broiler chicks, was analyzed at zero time and 3, 5 and 7 days after inoculation of chicks with the intestinal coccidial parasite, eimeria acervulina. 2. infection caused significant decreases in total hdl mass from 3 through 7 post-inoculation (pi), and decreases in relative percents of protein and carotenoids, and relative increases in phospholipid and cholesterol esters by 7 days pi. 3. carotenoid content correlated ... | 1987 | 3621900 |
| effect of dietary buffer additions on gain, efficiency, duodenal ph, and copper concentration in liver of eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. | three experiments were conducted with broiler chicks to investigate the effect of dietary additions of nahco3(1%), a1(oh)3(.5%), kaolin(1%), a1(oh)2naco3(.23%), caco3(.37%), and mgo(1%) on gain, efficiency, duodenal ph, and liver cu concentration of eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. experimental coccidial infection consistently reduced chick gain, efficiency, and duodenal ph, but it increased liver cu concentration of chicks fed excess cu. sodium bicarbonate addition improved chick gain and ef ... | 1987 | 3601861 |
| eimeria spp. of domestic fowl: the migration of sporozoites intra- and extra-enterically. | chickens were dosed orally with sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina, e. brunetti, e. maxima, or e. praecox and the subsequent presence, in various tissues, of parasites capable of inducing patent infections was detected by transferring the tissues to coccidia-free recipients. similar results were obtained with each of the 4 species studied, irrespective of whether initial development occurs in the superficial (e. praecox, e. brunetti) or crypt (e. acervulina, e. maxima) epithelium. infectio ... | 1987 | 3598806 |
| gut stasis in chickens infected with eimeria. | the duration and locations of gut stasis were examined in chickens infected with either eimeria acervulina or e. maxima. gut passage time (gpt) was used to determine gut stasis. the location of feed retention was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. infections with both species were associated with increased gpt from days 5 to 13 postinoculation. feed appeared to be retained in the crop and gizzard of infected birds when judged visually. however, measurements of total dry matter retained ... | 1987 | 3588493 |