Publications

heterologous expression in aspergillus nidulans of a trichoderma longibrachiatum endoglucanase of enological relevance.	an aspergillus nidulans transformant expressing the trichoderma longibrachiatum endoglucanase 1 gene (egl1) has been constructed. the extracellular production of egl1 in different culture media has been studied, and a medium has been found in which egl1 is the predominant extracellular protein produced. the enzymatic properties of the heterologously produced egl1 are very similar to those of the native enzyme. grape maceration in the presence of culture filtrate enriched in egl1 resulted in incr ...	2000	10725180
bordetella pertussis tonb, a bvg-independent virulence determinant.	in gram-negative bacteria, high-affinity iron uptake requires the tonb/exbb/exbd envelope complex to release iron chelates from their specific outer membrane receptors into the periplasm. based on sequence similarities, the bordetella pertussis tonb exbb exbd locus was identified on a cloned dna fragment. the tight organization of the three genes suggests that they are cotranscribed. a putative fur-binding sequence located upstream from tonb was detected in a fur titration assay, indicating that ...	2000	10722583
construction of an equalized cdna library from colletotrichum lagenarium and its application to the isolation of differentially expressed genes.	to establish an efficient screening system for differentially expressed genes of a phytopathogenic fungus colletotrichum lagenarium, we constructed an equalized (normalized) cdna library from c. lagenarium and used this library for differential screening. for the isolation of genes involved in infection-related developments of conidia, conidia undergoing appressorium differentiation were selected as the source of materials for construction of the cdna library. the equalization of cdna was perfor ...	2000	10721483
thioesterase domain of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase: alteration of stereospecificity by site-directed mutagenesis.	the carboxy-terminal thioesterase domain of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase catalyzes the hydrolytic release of the tripeptide product (lld-acv). by site-directed mutagenesis an s3599a change was introduced into the highly conserved gxsxg motif, resulting in a more than 95 % decrease of penicillin production. purification of the modified multienzyme showed surprisingly only a 50 % reduction of the peptide formation rate, with the stereoisomer delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipy ...	2000	10715209
architectural transcription factors and the saga complex function in parallel pathways to activate transcription.	recent work has shown that transcription of the yeast ho gene involves the sequential recruitment of a series of transcription factors. we have performed a functional analysis of ho regulation by determining the ability of mutations in sin1, sin3, rpd3, and sin4 negative regulators to permit ho expression in the absence of certain activators. mutations in the sin1 (=spt2) gene do not affect ho regulation, in contrast to results of other studies using an ho:lacz reporter, and our data show that t ...	2000	10713159
methylcitrate synthase from aspergillus nidulans: implications for propionate as an antifungal agent.	aspergillus nidulans was used as a model organism to investigate the fungal propionate metabolism and the mechanism of growth inhibition by propionate. the fungus is able to grow slowly on propionate as sole carbon and energy source. propionate is oxidized to pyruvate via the methylcitrate cycle. the key enzyme methylcitrate synthase was purified and the corresponding gene mcsa, which contains two introns, was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed in a. nidulans. the derived amino acid sequence of ...	2000	10712680
a new approach for the identification and cloning of genes: the pbacwich system using cre/lox site-specific recombination.	with current plant transformation methods ( agrobacterium, biolistics and protoplast fusion), insertion of dna into the genome occurs randomly and in many instances at multiple sites. associated position effects, copy number differences and multigene interactions can make gene expression experiments difficult to interpret and plant phenotypes less predictable. an alternative approach to random integration of large dna fragments into plants is to utilize one of several site-specific recombination ...	2000	10710436
an unambiguous microassay of galactofuranose residues in glycoconjugates using mild methanolysis and high ph anion-exchange chromatography.	an original, unambiguous microassay of galactofuranose (galf) residues in glycoconjugates is described. the method involves mild acid methanolysis (5 mm hcl) for 3 h at 84 degrees c followed by high ph anion-exchange chromatography using a routine monosaccharide system. the methanolysis products mealpha-galf and mebeta-galf were characterized chromatographically by comparison with the authentic compounds and by their response to treatment with mild acid and with beta-galactofuranosidase. testing ...	2000	10706782
transcriptional analysis of hydrogenase genes in the cyanobacteria anacystis nidulans and anabaena variabilis monitored by rt-pcr.	diverse cyanobacteria express an uptake hydrogenase, encoded by the genes hupsl, and a bidirectional, nad(p)(+)-reducing hydrogenase with the genes hox(e)fuyh. in the unicellular anacystis nidulans, the hox genes are organized on two separate loci, whereas they are contiguous in one cluster, though interspersed with two unidentified reading frames, orf 3 and 8, in the heterocystous anabaena variabilis. the hox gene clusters of these two cyanobacteria have now been transcriptionally analyzed by r ...	2000	10706662
molecular cloning and characterization of a glucan synthase gene from the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	1,3-beta-d-glucan is a fungal cell wall polymer synthesized by the multi-subunit enzyme 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase. a subunit of this integral membrane protein was first described as the product of the fks1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae using echinocandin mutants. other fks1 genes were also reported for candida albicans, aspergillus nidulans and cryptococcus neoformans. here, we report the nucleotide sequence of the first homologous fks gene cloned from the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioide ...	2000	10705373
catalase-peroxidases in cyanobacteria--similarities and differences to ascorbate peroxidases.	cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are oxygenic phototrophic bacteria carrying out plant-type photosynthesis. the only hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes in at least two unicellular species have been demonstrated to be bifunctional cytosolic catalase-peroxidases (catpxs) having considerable homology at the active site with plant ascorbate peroxidases (apxs). in this paper we examined optical and kinetic properties of catpxs from the cyanobacteria anacystis nidulans and synechocystis pcc 6803 and ...	1999	10694066
nitrate assimilation genes of the marine diazotrophic, filamentous cyanobacterium trichodesmium sp. strain wh9601.	a 4.0-kb dna fragment of trichodesmium sp. strain wh9601 contained gene sequences encoding the nitrate reduction enzymes, nira and narb. a third gene positioned between nira and narb encodes a putative membrane protein with similarity to the nitrate permeases of bacillus subtilis (nasa) and emericella nidulans (crna). the gene was shown to functionally complement a deltanasa mutant of b. subtilis and was assigned the name napa (nitrate permease). napa was involved in both nitrate and nitrite upt ...	2000	10692386
the pause software for analysis of translational control over protein targeting: application to e. nidulans membrane proteins.	the pause software has been developed as a new tool to study translational control over protein targeting. this makes it possible to correlate the position of clusters of rare codons in a gene, predicted to cause a translational pause, with the position of hydrophobic stretches in the encoded protein, predicted to span a membrane or to act as a cleavable signal for targeting to the secretory pathway. furthermore, this software gathers these correlations over whole sets of genes. the pause softwa ...	2000	10689191
carbon catabolite repression in plant pathogenic fungi: isolation and characterization of the gibberella fujikuroi and botrytis cinerea crea genes.	the crea genes of two plant pathogenic fungi, the gibberellin-producing rice pathogen gibberella fujikuroi and the gray mold botrytis cinerea, were isolated and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequences of both glucose repressors are 64% identical to each other and 59% (g. fujikuroi) and 61% (b. cinerea) identical to the crea protein of aspergillus nidulans. the zinc finger regions of the gibberella and botrytis crea proteins shared 98% identity with the corresponding zinc finger region of ...	2000	10689158
molecular characterization of ubiquitin genes from aspergillus nidulans: mrna expression on different stress and growth conditions.	we are interested in studying the ubiquitin (ubi) gene expression during different stress and growth conditions in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. here, we report the cloning of a cdna clone that corresponds to a gene, ubi1, that encodes a carboxyl extension protein from a. nidulans. this cdna corresponds to a gene that encodes a protein that showed high homology to other polyubiquitin and cep-80 genes at the n- and c-terminus, respectively. we characterize the mrna expression of th ...	2000	10684969
the presence of gsi-like genes in higher plants: support for the paralogous evolution of gsi and gsii genes.	glutamine synthetase type i (gsi) genes have previously been described only in prokaryotes except that the fungus emericella nidulans contains a gene (flug) which encodes a protein with a large n-terminal domain linked to a c-terminal gsi-like domain. eukaryotes generally contain the type ii (gsii) genes which have been shown to occur also in some prokaryotes. the question of whether gsi and gsii genes are orthologues or paralogues remains a point of controversy. in this article we show that gsi ...	2000	10684345
on how a transcription factor can avoid its proteolytic activation in the absence of signal transduction.	in response to alkaline ambient ph, the aspergillus nidulans pacc transcription factor mediating ph regulation of gene expression is activated by proteolytic removal of a negative-acting c-terminal domain. we demonstrate interactions involving the approximately 150 c-terminal pacc residues and two regions located immediately downstream of the dna binding domain. our data indicate two full-length pacc conformations whose relative amounts depend upon ambient ph: one 'open' and accessible for proce ...	2000	10675341
the role of the rodlet structure on the physicochemical properties of aspergillus conidia.	physico-chemical properties of aspergillus conidia rely on their outer cell-wall rodlet layer. in a. fumigatus and a. nidulans, the rodlet structure is due to an hydrophobin encoded by homologous roda genes. to evaluate the role of the rodlet structure on the physico-chemical properties of conidia, we compared hydrophobicity, lewis acid-base (i.e. electron donor/acceptor) characteristics and electrostatic charge of hydrophobin-less (rodletless) mutant and wild-type conidia of a. fumigatus and a. ...	1999	10664979
developmental and metabolic regulation of the phosphoglucomutase-encoding gene, pgmb, of aspergillus nidulans.	we have isolated the pgmb gene from aspergillus nidulans, which encodes a phosphoglucomutase, one of the key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. the pgmb gene is located on chromosome vii and its orf encodes 557 amino acids. mutant phenotypes were analysed by expression of high levels of pgmb antisense rna, which lead to a loss of detectable levels of sense rna. under conditions of antisense rna expression, a 30% reduction in the growth rate was observed in comparison to wild-type. on the enzyme ...	2000	10660061
localization of wild type and mutant class i myosin proteins in aspergillus nidulans using gfp-fusion proteins.	we have examined the distribution of myoa, the class i myosin protein of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, as a gfp fusion protein. wild type gfp-myoa expressed from the myoa promoter is able to rescue a conditional myoa null mutant. growth of a strain expressing gfp-myoa as the only class i myosin was approximately 50% that of a control strain, demonstrating that the fusion protein retains substantial myosin function. the distribution of the wild type gfp-myoa fusion is enriched in g ...	2000	10658211
nmr solution structure of alcr (1-60) provides insight in the unusual dna binding properties of this zinc binuclear cluster protein.	the three-dimensional structure of the dna-binding domain (residues 1-60) of the ethanol regulon transcription factor alcr from aspergillus nidulans has been solved by nmr. this domain belongs to the zinc binuclear cluster class. although the core of the protein is similar to previously characterized structures, consisting of two helices organized around a zn(2)cys(6 )motif, the present structure presents important variations, among them the presence of two supplementary helices. this structure ...	2000	10656785
phenylalanine transport in aspergillus nidulans: demonstration of role of phenylalanine binding proteins.	crude shock proteins extracted by two stage osmotic shock were further purified by affinity chromatography to obtain ligand (phenylalanine) specific binding protein (phebip) a component of phenylalanine (phe) transport system from wild type and a phe transport mutant fpad11 of aspergillus nidulans. a new eluent 0.1 m tris-hcl containing 1.5 n nacl and 0.5 n na2co3, ph 8 was used during the investigation. the elution profile of mutant phebip exhibited one simple and two compound peaks instead of ...	1999	10641135
isolation, purification, and characterization of a cold-active lipase from aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans wg312 strain secreted lipase activity when cultured in liquid media with olive oil as carbon source. highest lipase productivity was found when the mycelium was grown at 30 degrees c in a rich medium. the new enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the extracellular culture of a. nidulans by phenyl-sepharose chromatography and affinity binding on linolenic acid-agarose. the lipase was monomeric with an apparent m(r) of 29 kda and a pi of 4.85 and showed no glycosylation. kin ...	2000	10637060
deletion of the unique gene encoding a typical histone h1 has no apparent phenotype in aspergillus nidulans.	we have cloned the h1 histone gene (hhoa) of aspergillus nidulans. this single-copy gene codes for a typical linker histone with one central globular domain. the open reading frame is interrupted by six introns. the position of the first intron is identical to that of introns found in some plant histones. an h1-gfp fusion shows exclusive nuclear localization, whereas chromosomal localization can be observed during condensation at mitosis. surprisingly, the deletion of hhoa results in no obvious ...	2000	10632892
sporulation at minimum specific growth rate in aspergillus nidulans chemostat culture predicted using protein synthesis efficiency estimations.	ribosomal efficiency (re) estimates provide a quantitative descriptor of intrinsic growth rate of cell populations using readily-obtainable experimental data. in aspergillus nidulans chemostat cultures, re increased linearly with growth rate over the range 25-60% of maximum growth rate (mu max), consistent with increasing ribosomal usage with increased growth rate. above 60%, re did not increase significantly, suggesting that all ribosomes were functional at 60% of mu max, further increases in g ...	1999	10629970
hypomorphic bima(apc3) alleles cause errors in chromosome metabolism that activate the dna damage checkpoint blocking cytokinesis in aspergillus nidulans.	the aspergillus nidulans sepi(+) gene has been implicated in the coordination of septation with nuclear division and cell growth. we find that the temperature-sensitive (ts) sepi1 mutation represents a novel allele of bima(apc3), which encodes a conserved component of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (apc/c). we have characterized the septation, nuclear division, cell-cycle checkpoint defects, and dna sequence alterations of sepi1 (renamed bima10) and two other ts lethal bima(apc3) allel ...	2000	10628978
wild-type and mutant alleles of the aspergillus nidulans developmental regulator gene brla: correlation of variant sites with protein function.	the dna sequences of two wild-type and eleven mutant alleles of the developmental regulator gene brla from aspergillus nidulans, which encodes a zinc-finger protein, were characterized. variant sites were located on rescued plasmids or pcr products based either on their meiotic map position or the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. mutations in three null mutants, one of which is partially suppressible, encode premature stop codons. two environmentally sensitive mutants were charact ...	1999	10628875
pantothenate kinase regulation of the intracellular concentration of coenzyme a.	pantothenate kinase (pank) is the key regulatory enzyme in the coa biosynthetic pathway in bacteria and is thought to play a similar role in mammalian cells. we examined this hypothesis by identifying and characterizing two murine cdnas that encoded pank. the two cdnas were predicted to arise from alternate splicing of the same gene to yield different mrnas that encode two isoforms (mpank1alpha and mpank1beta) with distinct amino termini. the predicted protein sequence of mpank1 was not related ...	2000	10625688
the chsa gene from aspergillus nidulans is necessary for maximal conidiation.	a fragment from the open reading frame of the cloned chsa gene from aspergillus nidulans was deleted and replaced with the argb gene. the resulting construct was used to replace the wild-type chsa gene in an argb deletion strain. the growth and morphology of the vegetative hyphae from the resulting chsa disruptant strain were indistinguishable from those of a wild-type strain but the chitin content of the hyphae from the disruptant was reduced to approximately 90% of that of wild-type. the disru ...	2000	10620691
requirement of monooxygenase-mediated steps for sterigmatocystin biosynthesis by aspergillus nidulans.	sterigmatocystin (st) and aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) are two polyketide-derived aspergillus mycotoxins synthesized by functionally identical sets of enzymes. st, the compound produced by aspergillus nidulans, is a late intermediate in the afb(1) pathway of a. parasiticus and a. flavus. previous biochemical studies predicted that five oxygenase steps are required for the formation of st. a 60-kb st gene cluster in a. nidulans contains five genes, stcb, stcf, stcl, stcs, and stcw, encoding putative m ...	2000	10618248
lack of host specialization in aspergillus flavus.	aspergillus spp. cause disease in a broad range of organisms, but it is unknown if strains are specialized for particular hosts. we evaluated isolates of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, and aspergillus nidulans for their ability to infect bean leaves, corn kernels, and insects (galleria mellonella). strains of a. flavus did not affect nonwounded bean leaves, corn kernels, or insects at 22 degrees c, but they killed insects following hemocoelic challenge and caused symptoms ranging fro ...	2000	10618242
mitochondrial movement and morphology depend on an intact actin cytoskeleton in aspergillus nidulans.	mitochondria are essential organelles for the oxidative energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. determinants of mitochondrial morphology as well as the machinery underlying their subcellular distribution are not well understood. in this study we constructed an aspergillus nidulans strain, in which mitochondria are stained with the green-fluorescent protein (gfp) to visualize them and study their behavior in vivo (http://www.uni-marburg. de/mpi/movies/mitochondria/mitochondria.html). mitochondria ...	2000	10618165
metabolite repression and inducer exclusion in the proline utilization gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans.	the clustered prnb, prnc, and prnd genes are repressed by the simultaneous presence of glucose and ammonium. a derepressed mutation inactivating a crea-binding site acts in cis only on the permease gene (prnb) while derepression of prnd and prnc is largely the result of reversal of inducer exclusion.	2000	10613888
comparisons of wild-type and mutant flavodoxins from anacystis nidulans. structural determinants of the redox potentials.	the long-chain flavodoxins, with 169-176 residues, display oxidation-reduction potentials at ph 7 that vary from -50 to -260 mv for the oxidized/semiquinone (ox/sq) equilibrium and are -400 mv or lower for the semiquinone/hydroquinone (sq/hq) equilibrium. to examine the effects of protein interactions and conformation changes on fmn potentials in the long-chain flavodoxin from anacystis nidulans (synechococcus pcc 7942), we have determined crystal structures for the semiquinone and hydroquinone ...	1999	10610792
refined structures of oxidized flavodoxin from anacystis nidulans.	flavodoxin from anacystis nidulans (synechococcus pcc 7942) was the first member of the flavodoxin family to be characterized, and is the structural prototype for the "long-chain" flavodoxins that have molecular masses of approximately 20 kda. crystal structure analyses and refinements of three orthorhombic forms of oxidized a. nidulans flavodoxin are reported, and salient features of the fold and the fmn binding site are compared with other flavodoxins. the structure of form i (wild-type: p2121 ...	1999	10610791
role of water mobility on mold spore germination.	a sugar transport defected strain of aspergillus nidulans (bia-1 sora-2) was tested for spore germination in nutrient media containing various water activity (a(w)) values and varying amounts of non-nutritive, nontoxic carbohydrates (l-sorbose and cellulose). freeze-dried media [containing the same nutrient level but different in sorbose/cellulose (s:c) ratio] were adjusted to 0.75-0.97a(w) at 25 degrees c before inoculation. minimum a(w) for germination varied with s:c ratio. because both sorbo ...	1999	10606561
[aortic rupture in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a neutropenic patient].		1999	10605483
effect of environmental ph on morphological development of candida albicans is mediated via the pacc-related transcription factor encoded by prr2.	the ability to respond to ambient ph is critical to the growth and virulence of the fungal pathogen candida albicans. this response entails the differential expression of several genes affecting morphogenesis. to investigate the mechanism of ph-dependent gene expression, the c. albicans homolog of pacc, designated prr2 (for ph response regulator), was identified and cloned. pacc encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that mediates ph-dependent gene expression in aspergillus nidula ...	1999	10601210
prr1, a homolog of aspergillus nidulans palf, controls ph-dependent gene expression and filamentation in candida albicans.	the ph of the environment has been implicated in controlling the yeast-hypha transition and pathogenesis of candida albicans. several c. albicans genes, including phr1 and phr2, are ph dependent in their expression. to investigate the mechanism of ph-dependent expression, we have cloned and characterized prr1 (for ph response regulator). prr1 is homologous to palf, a component of the ph response pathway in aspergillus nidulans. expression of prr1 was itself ph dependent, being maximal at acid ph ...	1999	10601209
interaction between developmental and cell cycle regulators is required for morphogenesis in aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans, mutation of the transcriptional regulator brla arrests formation of asexual spore-forming structures called conidiophores but does not hinder vegetative hyphal growth. during conidiophore development a 6-fold, brla-dependent increase in the kinase activities of nimx(cdc2) and nima occurs. a similar level of kinase induction was promoted by ectopic expression of brla. northern and western analysis revealed marked induction of nimx(cdc2) mrna after ectopic expression of br ...	1999	10601021
the human tfiid components taf(ii)135 and taf(ii)20 and the yeast saga components ada1 and taf(ii)68 heterodimerize to form histone-like pairs.	it has been previously proposed that the transcription complexes tfiid and saga comprise a histone octamer-like substructure formed from a heterotetramer of h4-like human htaf(ii)80 (or its drosophila melanogaster dtaf(ii)60 and yeast [saccharomyces cerevisiae] ytaf(ii)60 homologues) and h3-like htaf(ii)31 (dtaf(ii)40 and ytaf(ii)17) along with two homodimers of h2b-like htaf(ii)20 (dtaf(ii)30alpha and ytaf(ii)61/68). however, it has not been formally shown that htaf(ii)20 heterodimerizes via it ...	2000	10594036
identification of catalytic residues in glyoxal oxidase by targeted mutagenesis.	glyoxal oxidase is a copper metalloenzyme produced by the wood-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium as an essential component of its extracellular lignin degradation pathways. previous spectroscopic studies on glyoxal oxidase have demonstrated that it contains a free radical-coupled copper active site remarkably similar to that found in another fungal metalloenzyme, galactose oxidase. alignment of primary structures has allowed four catalytic residues of glyoxal oxidase to be targeted for site ...	1999	10593910
catalase activity is necessary for heat-shock recovery in aspergillus nidulans germlings.	to understand the molecular mechanisms induced by stress that contribute to the development of tolerance in eukaryotic cells, the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans has been chosen as a model system. here, the response of a. nidulans germlings to heat shock is reported. the heat treatment dramatically increased the concentration of trehalose and induced the accumulation of mannitol and mrna from the catalase gene cata. both mannitol and catalase function to protect cells from different reac ...	1999	10589732
in-vitro susceptibility of aspergillus spp. isolates to amphotericin b and itraconazole.	the mics of amphotericin b and itraconazole for 230 isolates of aspergillus spp., comprising 156 aspergillus fumigatus, 20 aspergillus terreus, 22 aspergillus flavus, 17 aspergillus nidulans and 15 aspergillus niger, were determined by a broth microdilution method with rpmi 1640 medium. no isolate was detected with an mic of amphotericin b >2 mg/l. itraconazole mics >16 mg/l were detected for four aspergillus fumigatus and one aspergillus nidulans isolates.	1999	10588320
primary cutaneous aspergillus nidulans infection associated with a hickman catheter in a patient with neutropenia.		1999	10585834
regulation of the feruloyl esterase (faea) gene from aspergillus niger.	feruloyl esterases can remove aromatic residues (e.g., ferulic acid) from plant cell wall polysaccharides (xylan, pectin) and are essential for complete degradation of these polysaccharides. expression of the feruloyl esterase-encoding gene (faea) from aspergillus niger depends on d-xylose (expression is mediated by xlnr, the xylanolytic transcriptional activator) and on a second system that responds to aromatic compounds with a defined ring structure, such as ferulic acid and vanillic acid. sev ...	1999	10584009
cloning and characterization of an aspergillus nidulans gene involved in the regulation of penicillin biosynthesis.	to identify regulators of penicillin biosynthesis, a previously isolated mutant of aspergillus nidulans (prg-1) which carried the trans-acting prga1 mutation was used. this mutant also contained fusions of the penicillin biosynthesis genes acva and ipna with reporter genes (acva-uida and ipna-lacz) integrated in a double-copy arrangement at the chromosomal argb gene. the prga1 mutant strain exhibited only 20 to 50% of the ipna-lacz and acva-uida expression exhibited by the wild-type strain and h ...	1999	10583968
proton-pumping-atpase-targeted antifungal activity of a novel conjugated styryl ketone.	nc1175 (3-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propenoyl]-4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyle ne]-1- ethyl-4-piperidinol hydrochloride) is a novel thiol-blocking conjugated styryl ketone that exhibits activity against a wide spectrum of pathogenic fungi. incubation of nc1175 with various concentrations of cysteine and glutathione eliminated its antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. since nc1175 is a lipophilic compound that has the potential to interact with cytoplasmic membrane components, we exam ...	1999	10582888
the rational design of semisynthetic peroxidases.	a semisynthetic peroxidase was designed by exploiting the structural similarity of the active sites of vanadium dependent haloperoxidases and acid phosphatases. incorporation of vanadate ion into the active site of phytase (e.c. 3.1.3.8), which mediates in vivo the hydrolysis of phosphate esters, leads to the formation of a semisynthetic peroxidase, which catalyzes the enantioselective oxidation of prochiral sulfides with h(2)o(2) affording the s-sulfoxide, e.g. in 66% ee at 100% conversion for ...	2000	10581439
genetically structured modeling of protein production in filamentous fungi.	a general framework for a genetically structured model is presented. the framework allows description of the interactions in a system of regulatory and structural genes. the model assumes equilibrium kinetics for the binding of regulatory proteins to the promoter regions of the genes and includes the possible activation of proteins following their synthesis. the model is evaluated by simulating the alca-expression (alcohol dehydrogenase i) in aspergillus nidulans which is an inducible system sub ...	1999	10577470
sulfate transport in penicillium chrysogenum: cloning and characterization of the suta and sutb genes.	in industrial fermentations, penicillium chrysogenum uses sulfate as the source of sulfur for the biosynthesis of penicillin. by a pcr-based approach, two genes, suta and sutb, whose encoded products belong to the sulp superfamily of sulfate permeases were isolated. transformation of a sulfate uptake-negative sb3 mutant of aspergillus nidulans with the sutb gene completely restored sulfate uptake activity. the suta gene did not complement the a. nidulans sb3 mutation, even when expressed under c ...	1999	10572125
characterization of the n-linked glycosylation site of recombinant pectate lyase.	recombinant pectate lyase from aspergillus niger was overexpressed in aspergillus nidulans. the two recombinant proteins produced differed in molecular mass by 1200 da, which suggested that the larger molecular weight protein was glycosylated. the deduced amino acid sequence was searched for potential n-linked glycosylation sites, and one potential site was identified at residue 64. the proteins were analyzed for their ability to bind various lectins as an assay for the presence of carbohydrates ...	1999	10567938
inositol phosphoryl transferases from human pathogenic fungi.	the ipc1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes inositolphosphorylceramide (ipc) synthase, was first identified as a novel and essential gene encoding resistance to the natural product antifungal aureobasidin a (aur1). the formation of ipc in fungi is essential for viability, suggesting inhibitors of ipc1p function would make ideal antifungal drug candidates. homologs of the aur1/ipc1 gene were identified from a number of human pathogenic fungi, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candi ...	2000	10564728
checkpoint defects leading to premature mitosis also cause endoreplication of dna in aspergillus nidulans.	the g2 dna damage and slowing of s-phase checkpoints over mitosis function through tyrosine phosphorylation of nimx(cdc2) in aspergillus nidulans. we demonstrate that breaking these checkpoints leads to a defective premature mitosis followed by dramatic rereplication of genomic dna. two additional checkpoint functions, uvsb and uvsd, also cause the rereplication phenotype after their mutation allows premature mitosis in the presence of low concentrations of hydroxyurea. uvsb is shown to encode a ...	1999	10564263
toxicological assessment of recombinant xylanase x(22) in wine.	toxicological evaluation of xylanase x(22) from aspergillus nidulans expressed in a wine yeast strain was carried out. the safety of the x(22) intake was assessed by digestibility, bioinformatic, and mouse short-term repeated dosing studies, although x(22) shows resistance to proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal system, is a minority protein component (<0.5 10(-)(6) %) of the produced wine, and shows no significant amino acid sequence homology to any known food allergens. the 4-week o ...	1999	10564023
transcriptional activation by gcn4p involves independent interactions with the swi/snf complex and the srb/mediator.	mutations in three subunits of the swi/snf complex and in the med2p subunit of the srb/mediator of pol ii holoenzyme impaired gcn4p-activated transcription of his3 without reducing gcn4p-independent transcription of this gene. recombinant gcn4p interacted with swi/snf and srb/mediator subunits in cell extracts in a manner dependent on the same hydrophobic clusters in the gcn4p activation domain; however, higher concentrations of gcn4p were required for binding to swi/snf versus srb/mediator subu ...	1999	10549298
structure of the arginase coding gene and its transcript in aspergillus nidulans.	the arginase structural gene (agaa) from aspergillus nidulans has been cloned and characterised. depending on the growth conditions of the mycelium, transcripts of this gene have different 5'ends. these differences could result either from the presence of multiple transcription initiation sites or from differential processing of mrna. the agaa mrna has a long 5'utr with a potentially complex secondary structure. putative arginine binding aptamers were found in this utr suggesting interesting pos ...	1999	10547040
cloning and characterization of the o-methyltransferase i gene (dmta) from aspergillus parasiticus associated with the conversions of demethylsterigmatocystin to sterigmatocystin and dihydrodemethylsterigmatocystin to dihydrosterigmatocystin in aflatoxin biosynthesis.	o-methyltransferase i catalyzes both the conversion of demethylsterigmatocystin to sterigmatocystin and the conversion of dihydrodemethylsterigmatocystin to dihydrosterigmatocystin during aflatoxin biosynthesis. in this study, both genomic cloning and cdna cloning of the gene encoding o-methyltransferase i were accomplished by using pcr strategies, such as conventional pcr based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme, 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends pcr, and ther ...	1999	10543813
expression and compartmentation of the glucose repressor cre1 from the phytopathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum.	the glucose repressor from the phytopathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum is encoded by the cre1 gene. polyclonal antibodies were raised against a fusion protein (gluthathione s-transferase) gst-cre1 in order to study cre1 expression. western blot analyses revealed that cre1 synthesis is regulated by the nature of the extracellular carbon source. high cre1 levels are induced by glucose and remain stable after transfer into pectin medium, suggesting the existence of post-translational mechan ...	1999	10542073
morphogenesis is coordinated with nuclear division in germinating aspergillus nidulans conidiospores.	germinating aspergillus nidulans conidiospores switch to polarized apical growth following an initial period of isotropic expansion. at the same time, they re-enter the nuclear division cycle. the relationship between spore polarization and nuclear division was investigated by testing the effect of cell cycle inhibitors and temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutations on spore morphogenesis. on rich media, it was found that spore polarization is delayed if completion of the first mitosis is blocke ...	1999	10537196
genetic transformation and mutagenesis of the entomopathogenic fungus paecilomyces fumosoroseus	we have developed a dna-mediated transformation system for the entomopathogenic fungus paecilomyces fumosoroseus based on resistance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. the resistance is provided by the bar gene from streptomyces hygroscopicus and is under the control of the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter and terminator sequences. frequencies of up to 110 transformants/&mgr;g of linearized plasmid dna were obtained aided by the addition of the nuclease inhibitor, aurintricarboxylic acid ( ...	1999	10534416
activity and substrate specificity of the murine stk2 serine/threonine kinase that is structurally related to the mitotic regulator protein nima of aspergillus nidulans.	we isolated a murine stk2 (mstk2) cdna that is homologous to murine nek1 serine/threonine kinase, a family member related to the cell cycle regulator kinase nima of aspergillus nidulans. structural comparison demonstrated that the kinase domain of mstk2 is highly similar to nima/nek family but the c-terminal region is not similar to any proteins except for human stk2 (hstk2). similarly to nek1, mstk2 is expressed ubiquitously among various organs and is upregulated in the testis. the expression ...	1999	10529384
sequence analysis of the chitin synthase a gene of the dutch elm pathogen ophiostoma novo-ulmi indicates a close association with the human pathogen sporothrix schenckii.	degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed according to conserved regions of the chitin synthase gene family and used to amplify a 621 basepair (bp) fragment from genomic dna of ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causal agent of dutch elm disease. the amplification product was used as a hybridization probe to screen a library of genomic dna sequences and to retrieve a full-length chitin synthase gene (chsa). the putative coding region of the gene was 2619 bp long, lacked introns, and encoded a poly ...	1999	10524253
the aspergillus nidulans sfad gene encodes a g protein beta subunit that is required for normal growth and repression of sporulation.	flba encodes an aspergillus nidulans rgs (regulator of g protein signaling) domain protein that antagonizes fada (g(i)alpha-subunit of heterotrimeric g protein)-mediated growth signaling to allow asexual development. we previously defined and characterized five suppressors of flba (sfa) loss-of-function mutations and showed that one suppressor (sfab) resulted from a novel dominant-negative allele of fada. in this report we show that a second suppressor gene (sfad) is predicted to encode the beta ...	1999	10523303
site-directed mutagenesis of arginine-89 supports the role of its guanidino side-chain in substrate binding by cephalosporium acremonium isopenicillin n synthase.	isopenicillin n synthase (ipns) catalyses a key step in the penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthetic pathway which involves the oxidative cyclisation of the acyclic peptide delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (acv) to isopenicillin n. based on crystallographic evidence from the aspergillus nidulans ipns crystal structure complexed with the substrate acv (roach et al. (1997) nature 387, 827-830), we were able to provide mutational evidence for the critical involvement of the conserv ...	1999	10518746
a developmentally regulated gene cluster involved in conidial pigment biosynthesis in aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus, a filamentous fungus producing bluish-green conidia, is an important opportunistic pathogen that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. conidial pigmentation of a. fumigatus significantly influences its virulence in a murine model. in the present study, six genes, forming a gene cluster spanning 19 kb, were identified as involved in conidial pigment biosynthesis in a. fumigatus. northern blot analyses showed the six genes to be developmentally regulated and expresse ...	1999	10515939
the maturase encoded by a group i intron from aspergillus nidulans stabilizes rna tertiary structure and promotes rapid splicing.	the ancob group i intron from aspergillus nidulans self-splices, providing the mg2+ concentration is >/= 15 mm. the splicing reaction is greatly stimulated by a maturase protein encoded within the intron itself. an initial structural and biochemical analysis of the splicing reaction has now been performed. the maturase bound rapidly to the precursor rna (kon approximately 3 x 10(9) m(-1) min(-1)) and remained tightly bound (koff </= 0.04 min(-1)). the catalytic step of 5' splice-site cleavage oc ...	1999	10512698
deletion of the trichodiene synthase gene of fusarium venenatum: two systems for repeated gene deletions.	the trichodiene synthase (tri5) gene of fusarium venenatum was cloned from a genomic library. vectors were created in which the tri5 coding sequence was replaced with the neurospora crassa nitrate reductase (nit3) gene and with the aspergillus nidulans acetamidase (amds) gene flanked by direct repeats. the first vector was utilized to transform a nitrate reductase (niad) mutant of f. venenatum to prototrophy, and the second vector was utilized to confer acetamide utilization to the wild-type str ...	1999	10512673
aspergillus nidulans mutants defective in stc gene cluster regulation.	the genes involved in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (st), a toxic secondary metabolite produced by aspergillus nidulans and an aflatoxin (af) precursor in other aspergillus spp., are clustered on chromosome iv of a. nidulans. the sterigmatocystin gene cluster (stc gene cluster) is regulated by the pathway-specific transcription factor aflr. the function of aflr appears to be conserved between st- and af-producing aspergilli, as are most of the other genes in the cluster. we describe a nov ...	1999	10511551
heterologous expression of pleurotus eryngii peroxidase confirms its ability to oxidize mn(2+) and different aromatic substrates.	a versatile ligninolytic peroxidase has been cloned from pleurotus eryngii and its allelic variant mnpl2 expressed in aspergillus nidulans, with properties similar to those of the mature enzyme from p. eryngii. these include the ability to oxidize mn(2+) and aromatic substrates, confirming that this is a new peroxidase type sharing catalytic properties of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase.	1999	10508113
the aspergillus nidulans panb gene encodes ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, required for biosynthesis of pantothenate and coenzyme a.	ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, which is encoded by the panb gene in the lower eukaryote aspergillus nidulans, is essential for the biosynthesis of coenzyme a, while the pathway intermediate 4'-phosphopantetheine is required for penicillin production. ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase could also serve as a target for anti-fungal drugs, since it is not present in mammals. clones of panb were identified by complementation of the corresponding mutant, and the dna sequence of the gene was ...	1999	10503542
promoter-tagged restriction enzyme-mediated insertion (pt-remi) mutagenesis in aspergillus niger.	promoter-tagged restriction enzyme-mediated insertion (pt-remi) mutagenesis was performed in the fungus aspergillus niger, using a plasmid containing a strong transcriptional promoter. two dna-tagged mutants were analyzed in detail. a white-spored mutant was shown to contain a plasmid insertion that disrupted a gene that shows a high degree of homology to the polyketide synthase gene wa of a. nidulans. a morphological mutant was shown to contain a plasmid insertion in the 5' upstream region of a ...	1999	10503533
the nit2 nitrogen regulatory protein of neurospora: expression and stability of nit-2 mrna and protein.	in neurospora crassa, nit2 is a global transcription factor that positively regulates the expression of up to 100 genes that are related to nitrogen metabolism. nit2 is responsible for the lifting of nitrogen catabolite repression when the cellular levels of glutamine or other favored nitrogen sources become limited. immunoprecipitation of the nit2 protein showed that it is constitutively expressed, although its expression level is elevated a few-fold when nitrate instead of glutamine is used as ...	1999	10501938
the nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene from penicillium chrysogenum and the construction of expression vectors for filamentous fungi.	the gdha gene encoding the nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity from penicillium chrysogenum has been isolated and characterized for its use in gene expression. the nucleotide sequence of a 2816-bp genomic fragment was determined, showing an open reading frame of 1600 bp interrupted by two introns, of 160 bp and 57 bp respectively, with fungal consensus splice-site junctions. the predicted amino acid sequence revealed a high degree of identity to glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes, espec ...	1999	10499259
essential role of the iron-regulated outer membrane receptor faua in alcaligin siderophore-mediated iron uptake in bordetella species.	phenotypic analysis using heterologous host systems localized putative bordetella pertussis ferric alcaligin transport genes and fur-binding sequences to a 3.8-kb genetic region downstream from the alcr regulator gene. nucleotide sequencing identified a tonb-dependent receptor family homolog gene, faua, predicted to encode a polypeptide with high amino acid sequence similarity with known bacterial ferric siderophore receptors. in escherichia coli, the faua genes of both b. pertussis and bordetel ...	1999	10498707
lis1, the drosophila homolog of a human lissencephaly disease gene, is required for germline cell division and oocyte differentiation.	lissencephaly is a severe congenital brain malformation resulting from incomplete neuronal migration. one causal gene, lis1, is homologous to nudf, a gene required for nuclear migration in a. nidulans. we have characterized the drosophila homolog of lis1 (lis1) and show that lis1 is essential for fly development. analysis of ovarian lis1 mutant clones demonstrates that lis1 is required in the germline for synchronized germline cell division, fusome integrity and oocyte differentiation. abnormal ...	1999	10498683
purification and characterization of 40-kda sterigmatocystin o-methyltransferase involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.	sterigmatocystin-o-methyltransferase (st-omtase), an enzyme catalyzing o-methylation of sterigmatocystin with s-adenosylmethionine (sam), was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography. a novel spectrofluorometric method was established to quantitatively determine the enzymatic activity of st-omtase. the purified protein, with a molecular weight of 40 kda by sds-page, was sensitive to thiol reagents and low concentrations of heavy metal ions. using a nutritional shi ...	1999	10495468
ancf, the ccaat binding complex of aspergillus nidulans, is essential for the formation of a dnase i-hypersensitive site in the 5' region of the amds gene.	the ccaat sequence in the amds promoter of aspergillus nidulans is recognized by ancf, a complex consisting of the three evolutionary conserved subunits hapb, hapc, and hape. in this study we have investigated the effect of ancf on the chromatin structure of the amds gene. the ancf complex and the ccaat sequence were found to be necessary for the formation of a nucleosome-free, dnase i-hypersensitive region in the 5' region of the amds gene. deletion of the hape gene results in loss of the dnase ...	1999	10490592
fungal utilization of organophosphate pesticides and their degradation by aspergillus flavus and a. sydowii in soil.	fungal species were isolated which utilize organophosphate pesticides, viz. phosphorothioic (pirimiphos-methyl and pyrazophos), phosphorodithioic (dimethoate and malathion), phosphonic (lancer) and phosphoric (profenfos) acid derivatives. pesticide degradation was studied in vitro and in vivo (soil). aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. sydowii, a. terreus, emericella nidulans, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium chrysogenum were isolated from pesticide-treated wheat straw. the number o ...	1999	10489696
the aspergillus niger acua and acub genes correspond to the faca and facb genes in aspergillus nidulans.	mutants in aspergillus niger unable to grow on acetate as a sole carbon source were previously isolated by resistance to 1.2% propionate medium containing 0.1% glucose. acua mutants lacked acetyl-coa synthetase (acs) activity and acub mutants lacked both acs and isocitrate lyase activity. an acua mutant was transformed to the acu+ phenotype with a clone of acs (faca) from aspergillus nidulans. the acub mutant was transformed with the a. niger facb clone which has been identified by cross-hybridi ...	1999	10483720
ambient ph signal transduction in aspergillus: completion of gene characterization.	completing the molecular analysis of the six pal genes of the ambient ph signal transduction pathway in aspergillus nidulans, we report the characterization of palc and palh. the derived translation product of palh contains 760 amino acids with prediction of seven transmembrane domains in its n-terminal moiety. remarkably, a palh frameshift mutant lacking just over half the palh protein, including almost all of the long hydrophilic region c-terminal to the transmembrane domains, retains some pal ...	1999	10476033
molecular cloning and analysis of a pleiotropic regulatory gene locus from the nystatin producer streptomyces noursei atcc11455.	a regulatory gene locus from streptomyces noursei atcc14455, the producer of the antifungal antibiotic nystatin, was cloned in streptomyces lividans based on its ability to activate actinorhodin (act) production in this host. deletion and dna sequencing analyses showed that a small gene, designated ssma, located downstream of an afsr homologue (a known pleiotropic regulator) was responsible for the act overproduction in s. lividans. database searches for the ssma gene product revealed its limite ...	1999	10474196
the tama protein fused to a dna-binding domain can recruit area, the major nitrogen regulatory protein, to activate gene expression in aspergillus nidulans.	the area gene of aspergillus nidulans encodes a gata zinc finger transcription factor that activates the expression of a large number of genes subject to nitrogen metabolite repression. the amount and activity of the area protein under different nitrogen conditions is modulated by transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational controls. one of these controls of area activity has been proposed to involve the nmra protein interacting with the dna-binding domain and the extreme c ter ...	1999	10471703
transcription: common cofactors and cooperative recruitment.	mammalian counterparts of the yeast srb/med transcriptional 'mediator' complex have recently been identified. these complexes define a common cofactor requirement for diverse transcriptional activators and underscore the conserved nature of the transcriptional machinery among eukaryotic organisms.	1999	10469586
the metg gene of aspergillus nidulans encoding cystathionine beta-lyase: cloning and analysis.	the metg gene of aspergillus nidulans encoding cystathionine beta-lyase, an enzyme of the main pathway of methionine synthesis, was cloned by complementation of a metg mutation. a comparison of metg genomic dna and a cdna copy derived from different a. nidulans strains revealed a marked dna sequence polymorphism manifested mostly by silent point mutations. cdna of the a. nidulans metg gene complemented the escherichia coli metc69 mutation impairing cystathionine beta-lyase. this gene contains tw ...	1999	10467009
isolation of a new set of aspergillus nidulans mutants defective in nuclear migration.	in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, nuclear migration in the germ tube is mediated by cytoplasmic dynein. we have previously reported the characterization of four nud (nuclear distribution) genes, nuda, nudc, nudf and nudg, involved in this process. the nuda and nudg genes respectively encode for the heavy chain and the 8-kda light chain of cytoplasmic dynein. in this work, we describe an improved method for the isolation of nud mutants that has led to the identification of at least ...	1999	10467007
sexual development of aspergillus nidulans in tryptophan auxotrophic strains.	the interplay between sexual development and amino acid biosynthesis in the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans was studied. the growth and differentiation of four tryptophan auxotrophic strains that are unable to regulate their tryptophan biosynthesis, were examined. these strains are sterile on medium containing low tryptophan concentrations. fruitbody formation was restored by supplementation with high concentrations of tryptophan and was promoted by supplementation with indole or auxin. tryptoph ...	1999	10460886
electrotransformation of the human pathogenic fungus scedosporium prolificans mediated by repetitive rdna sequences.	the regions encoding the 5.8s rrna and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (itsi and itsii) from two isolates of the human pathogenic fungus scedosporium prolificans and one isolate of the taxonomically related species pseudallescheria boydii (s. apiospermum) were sequenced. the sequences of the two s. prolificans isolates were identical. however, there were minor differences between both species. phylogenetic analysis of known fungal sequences confirmed a close relationship between s. pro ...	1999	10459582
novel human and mouse homologs of saccharomyces cerevisiae dna polymerase eta.	the saccharomyces cerevisiae rad30 gene encodes a novel eukaryotic dna polymerase, pol eta that is able to replicate across cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers both accurately and efficiently. very recently, a human homolog of rad30 was identified, mutations in which result in the sunlight-sensitive, cancer-prone, xeroderma pigmentosum variant group phenotype. we report here the cloning and localization of a second human homolog of rad30. interestingly, rad30b is localized on chromosome 18q21. ...	1999	10458907
histone acetyltransferase complexes can mediate transcriptional activation by the major glucocorticoid receptor activation domain.	previous studies have shown that the ada adapter proteins are important for glucocorticoid receptor (gr)-mediated gene activation in yeast. the n-terminal transactivation domain of gr, tau1, is dependent upon ada2, ada3, and gcn5 for transactivation in vitro and in vivo. using in vitro techniques, we demonstrate that the gr-tau1 interacts directly with the native ada containing histone acetyltransferase (hat) complex saga but not the related ada complex. mutations in tau1 that reduce tau1 transa ...	1999	10454542
molecular cloning and characterization of the human nudc gene.	in both aspergillus nidulans and the mouse, studies of the nuclear distribution gene c (nudc) have strongly suggested that the nudc protein interacts with nudf, which is the product of nudf, a homologue of human lis1 (also know as pafah1b1), one of the causative genes for classical lissencephaly. we have isolated the human nudc gene and its two processed pseudogenes. the human nudc gene is highly conserved and its predicted amino acid sequence shows 94% identity to mouse nudc and 95% identity to ...	1999	10453739
cloning and characterization of the gene encoding aspergillus nidulans dna topoisomerase ii.	we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 5544bp genomic dna fragment from aspergillus nidulans that encodes dna topoisomerase ii (topo ii). it contains a single open reading frame of 4740bp that codes for 1579 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 178kda; when expressed in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae the molecular weight was 180kda. the gene (top2) is divided into three exons. two introns, 54bp and 60bp in length, are located at nucleotide positions 187 ...	1999	10452949
species-specific production of microbial volatile organic compounds (mvoc) by airborne fungi from a compost facility.	thirteen airborne fungal species frequently isolated in composting plants were screened for microbial volatile organic compounds (mvoc), i.e., aspergillus candidus, a. fumigatus, a. versicolor, emericella nidulans, paecilomyces variotii, penicillium brevicompactum, penicillium clavigerum, penicillium crustosum, penicillium cyclopium, penicillium expansum, penicillium glabrum, penicillium verruculosum, and tritirachium oryzae. air samples from pure cultures were sorbed on tenax gr and analyzed by ...	1999	10448558
hap-like ccaat-binding complexes in filamentous fungi: implications for biotechnology.	regulatory ccaat boxes are found frequently in eukaryotic promoter regions. they are bound by different ccaat-binding factors. until now, a single ccaat-binding complex has been reported in fungi. it is also found in higher eukaryotes and is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. this multimeric protein complex is designated hap, ancf, cbf, or nf-y. the complex consists of at least three subunits. in fungi, only the hap complex of saccharomyces cerevisiae had been known for a long time. th ...	1999	10441450
functional analysis of dna sequences required for conidium-specific expression of the spoc1-c1c gene of aspergillus nidulans.	the spoc1-c1c gene is centrally located within the a. nidulans conidium-specific spoc1 gene cluster. with one exception, the 14 genes within the cluster are coordinately regulated. c1c transcript is first detected late in conidiation, coincidental with the appearance of mature conidia, and accumulates approximately 1000-fold in conidia. we show that c1c expression is restricted to conidia, with mrna abundance decreasing immediately after induction of germination. c1c transcription and translatio ...	1999	10441449
the extremely conserved pyroa gene of aspergillus nidulans is required for pyridoxine synthesis and is required indirectly for resistance to photosensitizers.	numerous disparate studies in plants, filamentous fungi, yeast, archaea, and bacteria have identified one of the most highly conserved proteins (snz family) for which no function was previously defined. members have been implicated in the stress response of plants and yeast and resistance to singlet oxygen toxicity in the plant pathogen cercospora. however, it is found in some anaerobic bacteria and is absent in some aerobic bacteria. we have cloned the aspergillus nidulans homologue (pyroa) of ...	1999	10438537
unusual antimicrotubule activity of the antifungal agent spongistatin 1.	spongistatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone from the marine sponge hyrtios erecta, has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. since this compound is a potent antimicrotubule agent in mammalian cells, we examined its effects on the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans to determine if its antifungal effects are due to antimicrotubule activity. at 25 microg/ml (twice the mic), spongistatin 1 caused a greater-than-twofold elevation of the chromosome and spindle mitotic indices. immunofluorescence microsco ...	1999	10428925
the aroc gene of aspergillus nidulans codes for a monofunctional, allosterically regulated chorismate mutase.	the cdna and the chromosomal locus of the aroc gene of aspergillus nidulans were cloned and is the first representative of a filamentous fungal gene encoding chorismate mutase (ec 5.4.99.5), the enzyme at the first branch point of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. the aroc gene complements the saccharomyces cerevisiae aro7delta as well as the a. nidulans aroc mutation. the gene consists of three exons interrupted by two short intron sequences. the expressed mrna is 0.96 kilobases in length and a ...	1999	10428795
sporogenic effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on development of aspergillus spp.	aspergillus spp. are frequently occurring seed-colonizing fungi that complete their disease cycles through the development of asexual spores, which function as inocula, and through the formation of cleistothecia and sclerotia. we found that development of all three of these structures in aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus parasiticus is affected by linoleic acid and light. the specific morphological effects of linoleic acid include induction of precocious and increased ase ...	1999	10427064
[biological characteristics of emericella nidulans isolated from horse guttural pouch mycosis].	seven strains of emericella nidulans were isolated from lesions in the guttural pouch of horses with mycosis of this pouch. all strains grew in a wide range of temperature, ph and in five kinds of culture media. the optimum temperature that supported their growth was 38 degrees c, and all seemed to prefer an acidic environment with a ph of 4.0. proliferative conidial formation was found to be induced by the aforementioned temperature and ph. moreover, detection of beta-haemolysis and protease pr ...	1999	10423512