Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| modulation of taste-induced elk-1 activation by identified neurotransmitter systems in the insular cortex of the behaving rat. | taste consumption activates the extracellular responsive kinases 1-2 (erk1-2) and the transcription factor elk-1 in the insular cortex (ic) of the behaving rat. erks activation, an obligatory step for the encoding of long- but not short-term memory, was shown to be regulated by multiple neurotransmitter systems in the ic. here i show, by the use of local microinfusions of pharmacological agents into the ic of the behaving rat, that a set of similar systems is required for the taste-induced activ ... | 2003 | 12482687 |
| helminth fauna of cervids in belorussian polesie. | we report on the examination of 18 elk ( alces alces), 16 red deer (cervus elaphus)and 16 roe deer ( capreolus capreolus) from the belorussian polesie in the period 1981-1998 for helminths. a total of 18 helminth species were found including dictyocaulus eckerti, fasciola hepatica, oesophagostomum venulosum, taenia hydatigena larvae and trichuris ovis, all of which occurred in all host species. sixteen of the species found are known to infect humans, domestic animals and/or farm animals. | 2003 | 12474047 |
| the stability of the g protein-coupled receptor-beta-arrestin interaction determines the mechanism and functional consequence of erk activation. | by binding to agonist-activated g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs), beta-arrestins mediate homologous receptor desensitization and endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits. recent data suggest that beta-arrestins also contribute to gpcr signaling by acting as scaffolds for components of the erk mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. because of these dual functions, we hypothesized that the stability of the receptor-beta-arrestin interaction might affect the mechanism and functional consequences ... | 2003 | 12473660 |
| negative regulation of erk and elk by protein kinase b modulates c-fos transcription. | in this study, we have identified novel regulatory steps involved in the cross-talk between protein kinase b (pkb) and mapk signaling pathways. we found that pkb down-regulates the ras-raf-mek-erk pathway by reducing the activity of erk, which leads to inactivation of the transcription factor elk1. in addition, pkb is able to reduce protein levels of elk1. both events lead to suppression of serum response element (sre)-dependent transcription and a consequent decrease in the transcription of sre ... | 2003 | 12468535 |
| cytoplasmic aggregates of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in lewy body diseases. | a better understanding of cellular mechanisms that occur in parkinson's disease and related lewy body diseases is essential for development of new therapies. we previously found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) elicits sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) activation that contributes to neuronal cell death in vitro. as subcellular localization of activated kinases affect accessibility to downstream targets, we examined spatial patterns of erk phosphorylation in 6-ohda-treated cell ... | 2002 | 12466125 |
| urea signalling to immediate-early gene transcription in renal medullary cells requires transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. | signalling by physiological levels of urea (e.g. 200 mm) in cells of the mammalian renal medulla is reminiscent of activation of a receptor tyrosine kinase. the epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor may be transactivated by a variety of g-protein-coupled receptors, primarily through metalloproteinase-dependent cleavage of a membrane-anchored egf precursor. in the murine inner medullary collecting duct (mimcd3) cell line, urea (200 mm) induced prompt (1-5 min) tyrosine phosphorylation of the egf ... | 2003 | 12466022 |
| helicobacter pylori caga protein activates serum response element-driven transcription independently of tyrosine phosphorylation. | infection with helicobacter pylori possessing the cag pathogenicity island (pai) is associated with severe gastritis and gastric cancer. caga protein, one of the products of cag pai, is translocated into epithelial cells, where cytoskeletal rearrangements occur as a result of caga tyrosine (tyr) phosphorylation. here we identify a new role for caga protein as an activator of host cell signaling. | 2002 | 12454853 |
| program evaluation of mobile dental services for children with special health care needs. | this paper summarizes an evaluation of the elk mobile dental program for children with special health care needs. evaluation results indicated overall client satisfaction with mobile dental unit services in the absence of competent community based dental care. evaluator recommendations included expanding the mobile dental services along with a continued effort to establish permanent community based dental care for children with special healthcare needs. recommendations for program improvement in ... | 2002 | 12449460 |
| tyrosine phosphorylation of vhr phosphatase by zap-70. | the zap-70 tyrosine kinase is a key component of the signaling machinery for the t cell antigen receptor (tcr). whereas recruitment and activation of zap-70 are relatively well understood, the proteins phosphorylated by zap-70 are incompletely known. we report here that vhr, a vaccinia virus vh1-related dual-specific protein phosphatase that inactivates the mitogen-activated kinases erk2 and jnk, is phosphorylated at y138 by zap-70. tyr138 phosphorylation was required for vhr to inhibit the erk2 ... | 2003 | 12447358 |
| infection with anaplasma phagocytophila in cervids from slovenia: evidence of two genotypic lineages. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) was recently recognized as an emerging tick-borne infection in europe. the disease is caused by anaplasma (previously ehrlichia) phagocytophila. the first confirmed acute human disease caused by a. phagocytophila was reported from slovenia in 1998. the tick ixodes ricinus was identified as the likely vector for this pathogen of humans and animals in europe. in order to assess the possibility that roe and red deer in slovenia serve as potential reservoir host ... | 2002 | 12422618 |
| development of pcr assay for differentiation of some important wild animal meat of sri lanka. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to differentiate meat of ceylon spotted deer (axis axis ceylonensis), ceylon hog deer (a. porcius oryzus), ceylon sambhur (cervus unicolor unicolor) and barking deer (muntiacus muntijak malabaricus) from meat of cattle, goat, buffalo, pig, dog and sheep. a set of primers was designed according to the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of c. elaphus canadensis and by pcr amplification about 450 bp band was observed for all four an ... | 2002 | 12420866 |
| comparison of abnormal prion protein glycoform patterns from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent-infected deer, elk, sheep, and cattle. | analysis of abnormal prion protein glycoform patterns from chronic wasting disease (cwd)-affected deer and elk, scrapie-affected sheep and cattle, and cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy failed to identify patterns capable of reliably distinguishing these transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases. however, prp-res patterns sometimes differed among individual animals, suggesting infection by different or multiple cwd strains in some species. | 2002 | 12414979 |
| brucella vaccines in wildlife. | brucellosis has been known to exist in populations of wildlife since the early part of the 20th century. at the beginning of this century in the us, brucella abortus is a problem in elk and bison in the greater yellowstone area, b. suis is prevalent in millions of feral swine in most of the southern states, and caribou/reindeer in alaska are infected with b. suis biovar 4. brucellosis has been virtually eliminated in domestic livestock in the us after decades of expensive governmental disease pr ... | 2002 | 12414169 |
| ventilation-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | mechanical ventilation of patients can be a life-saving treatment, but also imposes additional stress on the lung. mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) represent a family of protein kinases that become phosphorylated and activated by many different forms of stress. using western blot analysis, the present study analysed the effects of high distending pressure ventilation on the activation of the mapk extracellular signal-related kinases (erk)-1/2, c-jun amino-terminal kinases (jnk) and p38 k ... | 2002 | 12412688 |
| grp receptor-mediated immediate early gene expression and transcription factor elk-1 activation in prostate cancer cells. | bombesin (bn) and its mammalian homologue gastrin-releasing peptide (grp) have been shown to play an important role in human cancer as autocrine and paracrine growth factors. prostatic neuroendocrine cells are thought to secrete these regulatory peptides and they may therefore interact with their specific, aberrantly expressed grp receptor (grp-r) in prostate cancer. in this study, we investigated the effect of bn on immediate early gene expression in two androgen-independent prostate cancer cel ... | 2002 | 12409226 |
| glucose upregulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. | we investigated the effects of high concentrations of glucose on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) gene expression in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc). in response to a high glucose concentration (27.5 mm), pai-1 mrna increased within 2 h, peaked at 4 h, remained elevated for another 4 h, then decreased to basal levels at 24 h. on the other hand, mannose at the same concentration (22.5 mm mannose plus 5.5 mm glucose) as an osmotic control had little effect on pai-1 mrna e ... | 2002 | 12409145 |
| macrophage signaling and respiratory burst. | macrophages are key defenders of the lung and play an essential role in mediating the inflammatory response. critical to this is the activation of the nadph oxidase. through receptor-mediated interactions, extracellular stimuli activate pathways that signal for the phosphorylation and assembly of the nadph oxidase. once the nadph oxidase is activated, it produces superoxide and h2o2 in a process known as the respiratory burst. the involvement of o2.- and h2o2 in the antimicrobicidal function of ... | 2002 | 12403349 |
| effects of calcium modulation on percutaneous absorption of a model drug. | to investigate the effect of modulation of the calcium gradient in the skin on the percutaneous absorption of nicotinic acid (na). | 2002 | 12403077 |
| activation of the epha2 tyrosine kinase stimulates the map/erk kinase signaling cascade. | intracellular signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases regulates many different aspects of cell behavior. recent studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated that the epha2 receptor tyrosine kinase critically regulates tumor cell growth, migration and invasiveness. although the cellular consequences of epha2 signaling have been the focus of recent attention, the biochemical changes that are triggered by ligand-mediated activation of epha2 remain largely unknown. herein, we demonstrate th ... | 2002 | 12400011 |
| a case of chronic wasting disease in an elk imported to korea from canada. | a seven-year-old male elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) was euthanized and necropsied after having a 3-week history of body weight loss, emaciation, excessive salivation, teeth grinding, fever, anorexia, and respiratory distress. the elk was imported into korea from canada on march 9, 1997. gross pathologic findings were restricted to a diffuse fibrinous pneumonia. microscopic lesions included mild neuronal vacuolation and spongiform change in the neuropil of selected brain stem nuclei and generalize ... | 2002 | 12399615 |
| comparative ungulate dynamics: the devil is in the detail. | attempts to relate species differences in population dynamics to variation in life histories rely on the assumption that the causes of contrasts in demography are sufficiently simple to be derived from first principles. here, we investigate the causes of contrasts in dynamics between two ungulate populations on hebridean islands (red deer and soay sheep) and show that differences in stability, as well as in the effects of variation in density and climate, are related to differences in timing of ... | 2002 | 12396519 |
| hypoglycemia in sick and moribund farmed elk calves. | blood glucose was found to be below the reference range in most farmed elk calves examined at the western college of veterinary medicine teaching hospital. hypoglycemia was associated with diarrhea, sepsis, and malnutrition. blood glucose analysis and, when indicated, intravenous dextrose administration are recommended when treating moribund farmed elk calves. | 2002 | 12395760 |
| [transformation with the e1a + cha-ras oncogenes enhances the trans-repressor function of the elk-1 transcription factor]. | rat embryo fibroblasts (ref) transformed with the complementing e1a and cha-ras oncogenes show a down-regulation of the c-fos early response gene, which is transcribed with the participation of elk-1. the role of elk-1 was studied with constructs coding for the full-length factor or its n- or c-terminal fragment fused with gal. the trans-activating effect of each construct on the gal4-luc reporter plasmid was estimated in contransfected ref52 and e1a + cha-ras cells stimulated with serum or trea ... | 2002 | 12391846 |
| effects of nutritional stress during lactation on immunity costs and indices of future reproduction in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | nutrition may affect the balance between immunity and traits such as reproduction or growth. this study examines the effect of low nutrient availability on immunity indices and lactation in captive iberian red deer. twelve hinds and their calves were allotted to a food-restricted (50-60% daily energy requirements) or a control group just after calving. low calorie intake exerted a greater effect on the immunity of calves than on that of hinds. whereas no difference was found for hinds, calves of ... | 2002 | 12390895 |
| measuring prions causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy or chronic wasting disease by immunoassays and transgenic mice. | there is increasing concern over the extent to which bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) prions have been transmitted to humans, as a result of the rising number of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) cases. toward preventing new transmissions, diagnostic tests for prions in livestock have been developed using the conformation-dependent immunoassay (cdi), which simultaneously measures specific antibody binding to denatured and native forms of the prion protein (prp). we employed high-aff ... | 2002 | 12389035 |
| failure to demonstrate involvement of antibodies to acinetobacter calcoaceticus in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of animals. | acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a soil microbe, contains molecular sequences which resemble those found in neurofilaments of the brain tissue. it was hypothesized that if cattle ingest large amounts of feedstuff containing a. calcoaceticus, they may develop an autoimmune reaction, with consequences of pathological changes associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses). the hypothesis was tested using a small number of serum samples collected from cattle and it was found that affec ... | 2002 | 12383651 |
| extracellular zinc stimulates erk-dependent activation of p21(cip/waf1) and inhibits proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. | zinc is an important trace element in the body and is involved in both the proliferation and growth arrest of many kinds of cells including colorectal epithelial cells. the aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism of the growth regulation of colorectal cancer cells by extracellular zinc. zinc-stimulated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade was measured by immunoblotting and elk-1 dependent trans-reporter gene expression, and zinc-stimulated p21(cip/w ... | 2002 | 12381673 |
| elk restoration in ontario, canada: infectious disease management strategy, 1998-2001. | ontario has embarked upon a program to restore elk (cervus elaphus) that were once native to that province. a comprehensive disease-management strategy has ensured that elk are free of infectious diseases such as brucellosis and tuberculosis prior to shipment to ontario. postmortem analysis occurs on elk mortalities in ontario to ensure that elk are not infected with diseases such as chronic wasting disease and tuberculosis. between 1998 and 2001, a total of 443 elk were transported from elk isl ... | 2002 | 12381618 |
| evaluation of brucella abortus strain rb51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope. | free-roaming elk and bison in the greater yellowstone area remain the only wildlife reservoirs for brucella abortus in the united states, and the large number of animals and a lack of holding facilities make it unreasonable to individually vaccinate each animal. therefore, oral delivery is being proposed as a possible option to vaccinate these wild ungulates. one of the main problems associated with oral vaccination is the potential exposure of nontarget species to the vaccines. the purpose of t ... | 2002 | 12381572 |
| amphetamine increases phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and transcription factors in the rat striatum via group i metabotropic glutamate receptors. | amphetamine is an indirect dopamine receptor agonist and increases glutamate release in the striatum. activation of group i metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) upregulates camp response element-binding protein (creb) and elk-1 phosphorylation via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (erk1/2) in the striatum in vivo. in the present study the role of mglurs in the regulation of erk1/2 pathways leading to creb and elk-1 phosphorylation by amphetamine was investigated using immunohist ... | 2002 | 12377393 |
| negative regulatory role of overexpression of plc gamma 1 in the expression of early growth response 1 gene in rat 3y1 fibroblasts. | the early growth response 1 (egr-1) gene product is a transcription factor that functions as an oikis factor. loss of egr-1 expression is closely associated with tumor formation. phospholipase cgamma1 (plcgamma1) is overexpressed in some tumors, and its overexpression causes anchorage-independent growth. here we report that overexpression of plcgamma1 and sh2-sh3 domain of plcgamma1 decreased induction of egr-1 and the egr-1-regulated genes tsp-1 and pai-1. results from the nuclear run-on assay ... | 2002 | 12374773 |
| reproductive seasonality in female iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | this study characterized the seasonal pattern of luteal cyclicity in iberian red deer (n=16), by measuring plasma progesterone concentrations in hinds (female red deer) twice per week from calving (may and june) 1996 until may 1997. in eight of these hinds we also examined plasma prolactin profiles to assess seasonal responses to photoperiod. plasma progesterone concentration in the 16 hinds studied indicated that the reproductive pattern is seasonal, and lasts for 5.73 +/- 0.27 months. after ca ... | 2002 | 12374125 |
| oxidative metabolism modulates signal transduction and micronucleus formation in bystander cells from alpha-particle-irradiated normal human fibroblast cultures. | the role of oxidative metabolism in the up-regulation/activation of stress-induciblesignaling pathways as well as induction of micronucleus formation in bystander cells was investigated. by immunoblotting and in situ immunofluorescence, active cu-zn superoxide dismutase (sod) enzyme and active catalase enzyme were shown to inhibit the up-regulation of p21(waf1) as well as the induction of micronucleus formation in bystander cells from confluent cultures of normal human diploid fibroblasts irradi ... | 2002 | 12359750 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease, scrapie, and the threat to humans from prion disease epizootics. | ongoing endemics and epidemics of prion disease afflict several species of ruminants regularly consumed by humans. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) is epidemic in british cattle, and is now found in the cattle of more than 20 countries. a large, and apparently growing, epidemic of chronic wasting disease plagues deer and elk in north america. finally, scrapie has been endemic in the sheep of most countries for many decades. it was once assumed that humans were not susceptible to these rumi ... | 2002 | 12359101 |
| meningoencephalitis and pneumonia associated with cryptococcus neoformans infection in a free-ranging elk in the usa. | 2002 | 12356239 | |
| 5-ht1a receptor-mediated regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in rat brain. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), a family of signal transduction mediators important in a host of cellular activities, include the extracellular signal-regulated kinases erk1 and erk2. we determined whether 5-ht(1a) receptors activate erk1/2 in rat brain in vivo, as they do in recombinant cell lines. in contrast to the effect in cells, the 5-ht(1a) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-n,n-diproylaminotetralin (8-oh-dpat) dose- and time-dependently decreased basal levels of phosphorylated erk1/2 ... | 2002 | 12354565 |
| antler size in red deer: heritability and selection but no evolution. | we present estimates of the selection on and the heritability of a male secondary sexual weapon in a wild population: antler size in red deer. male red deer with large antlers had increased lifetime breeding success, both before and after correcting for body size, generating a standardized selection gradient of 0.44 (+/- 0.18 se). despite substantial age- and environment-related variation, antler size was also heritable (heritability of antler mass = 0.33 +/- 0.12). however the observed selectio ... | 2002 | 12353761 |
| [vector systems and rhythms in movements and orientation of elk (alces alces l.) and other wild animals (mammalia)]. | the orientation of elk and other mammals studied in fields with visual and instrumental tracing has obviously hierarchical organization. animals usually choose general direction headed for distant markers and then select short-distance landmarks. movements of animals to distant and close landmarks is characterized by almost constant or regularly changing angles between main direction and movement vector. fragments of trajectories represent left-side or right-side spirals with decreasing or incre ... | 2002 | 12298181 |
| otzi's last meals: dna analysis of the intestinal content of the neolithic glacier mummy from the alps. | samples of the intestinal content were collected from the ileum and colon of the neolithic glacier mummy popularly known as the tyrolean iceman, or otzi. dna was extracted from the samples and pcr amplified, using a variety of primer pairs designed to bind to different genes (mammal mitochondrial 12s ribosomal rna gene, plant/fungal nuclear 18s ribosomal rna gene, plant chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene). this made it possible to distinguish between animal and plan ... | 2002 | 12244211 |
| interaction of serum response factor (srf) with the elk-1 b box inhibits rhoa-actin signaling to srf and potentiates transcriptional activation by elk-1. | serum response factor (srf) is a transcription factor which regulates many immediate-early genes. rho gtpases regulate srf activity through changes in actin dynamics, but some srf target genes, such as c-fos, are insensitive to this pathway. at the c-fos promoter, srf recruits members of the ternary complex factor (tcf) family of ets domain proteins through interactions with the tcf b-box region. analysis of c-fos promoter mutations demonstrates that the tcf and atf/ap1 sites adjoining the srf b ... | 2002 | 12242287 |
| gastrin stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells through multiple signaling pathways. evidence for involvement of erk5 kinase and transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. | gastrin is a hormone produced by g-cells in the normal gastric antrum. however, colorectal carcinoma cells may aberrantly produce gastrin and exhibit increased expression of cholecystokinin b (cck-b)/gastrin receptors. gastrin is trophic for the normal gastric oxyntic mucosa and exerts a growth-promoting action on gastrointestinal malignancy. thus, gastrin may act as an autocrine/paracrine or endocrine factor in the initiation and progression of colorectal carcinoma. the molecular mechanisms inv ... | 2002 | 12239223 |
| hematologic values for tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes). | hematologic values for 99 tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) from california (usa) are presented. these were obtained from individuals from three captures at tomales point (point reyes national seashore, california) from 1997-98. differences between capture groups were assessed. greatest differences were detected between yearling bulls and cows in december 1998 which may be a reflection of age and reproductive status. | 2002 | 12238377 |
| effects of diet and body condition on fecal progestagen excretion in elk. | recent research demonstrated the utility of fecal progestagens (p4) for detecting pregnancy in elk (cervus elaphus) during mid- to late gestation. several factors, however, may influence fecal p4 excretion and limit its use in free-ranging animals. we investigated the effects of nutrition and body condition (percent ingesta-free body fat) on fecal p4 concentrations and incidence of abortion. during mid-gestation (late december 1997 through early march 1998), 40 gravid cow elk varying in body con ... | 2002 | 12238373 |
| safety of brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine in non-target ungulates and coyotes. | brucellosis is endemic in free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) and bison (bison bison) in the greater yellowstone area (gya; usa). it is possible that an oral brucellosis vaccine could be developed and disseminated in the gya to reduce disease transmission. should this occur, non-target species other than elk and bison may come in contact with the vaccine resulting in morbidity or mortality. to assess biosafety, bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis; n = 10), pronghorn (antilocapra americana; n = 9), mule ... | 2002 | 12238372 |
| serum antibody prevalence of malignant catarrhal fever viruses in seven wildlife species from alaska. | blood samples were collected from seven species of free-ranging ungulates in alaska. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to malignant catarrhal fever viruses (mcfv) by means of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibody prevalences were as follows: muskox (ovibos moschatus) 100 positive samples of 104 tested (96%); dall sheep (ovis dalli) 212 of 222 (95%); elk (cervus elaphus) 14 of 51 (27%); bison (bison bison) 34 of 197 (17%); caribou (rangifer tarandus) nine of 232 (4%); ... | 2002 | 12238366 |
| developmental expression of serum response factor in the rat central nervous system. | serum response factor (srf), a transcription factor known to be essential for early embryonic development as well as post-natal regulation of both cellular proliferation and myogenic differentiation, is expressed broadly in neurons within the adult mammalian central nervous system (cns). the function of srf within the developing cns is not well established, but it is likely to play an important role in neuraxial development and neuronal function, since many of its known target genes (e.g., c-fos ... | 2002 | 12234660 |
| c-fos expression in ouabain-treated vascular smooth muscle cells from rat aorta: evidence for an intracellular-sodium-mediated, calcium-independent mechanism. | in this study, we examined the effect of na(+)-k(+) pump inhibition on the expression of early response genes in vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc) as possible intermediates of the massive rna synthesis and protection against apoptosis seen in ouabain-treated vsmc in our previous experiments. incubation of vsmc with ouabain resulted in rapid induction of c-fos protein expression with an approximately sixfold elevation after 2 h of incubation. c-jun expression was increased by approximately four ... | 2002 | 12231642 |
| menin uncouples elk-1, jund and c-jun phosphorylation from map kinase activation. | menin, a nuclear protein encoded by the tumor suppressor gene men1, interacts with the ap-1 transcription factor jund and inhibits its transcriptional activity. in addition, overexpression of menin counteracts ras-induced tumorigenesis. we show that menin inhibits erk-dependent phosphorylation and activation of both jund and the ets-domain transcription factor elk-1. we also show that menin represses the inducible activity of the c-fos promoter. furthermore, menin expression inhibits jun n-termi ... | 2002 | 12226747 |
| p42/p44 mapks are intracellular targets of the cdk inhibitor purvalanol. | chemical inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) have a great therapeutic potential against various proliferative and neurodegenerative disorders. intensive screening of a combinatorial chemistry library of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines has led to the identification of purvalanol, one of the most potent and selective cdk inhibitors to date. in preliminary studies, this compound demonstrates definite anti-mitotic properties, consistent with its nanomolar range efficiency towards purified cdk ... | 2002 | 12226745 |
| sampling technique to discriminate the different tissue layers of growing antler tips for gene discovery. | the utilization of a deer antler model to study gene expression in tissues undergoing rapid growth has been hampered by an inability to sample the different tissue types. we report here a standardized procedure to identify different tissue types in growing antler tips and demonstrate that it can help in the classification of expressed sequence tags (ests). the procedure was developed using observable morphological markers within the unstained tissue at collection, and was validated by histologic ... | 2002 | 12221718 |
| distinct signaling pathways are activated in response to mechanical stress applied axially and transversely to skeletal muscle fibers. | in the diaphragm muscle we tested the hypothesis that map kinase signaling pathways are activated by mechanical stress and such signaling pathways are dependent on the direction in which mechanical stress is applied. although equal magnitudes of mechanical stress were applied axially and transversely a greater level of activation of erk1/2, p38, raf-1, p90 rsk, elk-1, and the dna binding activity of ap-1 transcription factor was produced when the muscle was stretched transversely than when stret ... | 2002 | 12221078 |
| involvement of elk-1 in l6e9 skeletal muscle differentiation. | in l6e9 skeletal muscle cells ternary complex factor (tcf) elk-1 expression increased with the onset of skeletal muscle differentiation, whereas its activation decreased as a function of differentiation. its expression was predominantly restricted to cytoplasm and activated ones were predominantly restricted to the nucleus of the differentiated cells. inhibition of erk-1/-2 activities by pd098059 resulted into significant reduction in elk-1 expression and phosphorylation during differentiation. ... | 2002 | 12220646 |
| regulation of transcription factor phosphorylation by metabotropic glutamate receptor-associated signaling pathways in rat striatal neurons. | the group i metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) are positively coupled to phospholipase c. through phospholipase c, group i mglur activation increases intracellular concentrations of diacylglycerol which is known as a strong activator of protein kinase c (pkc). this study investigated the putative role of pkc in the regulation of transcription factor phosphorylation induced by group i mglur activation in the rat striatum in vivo. we found that the group i agonist 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine ... | 2002 | 12220559 |
| use of porcine zona pellucida (pzp) vaccine as a contraceptive agent in free-ranging tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes). | the potential for the application of porcine zona pellucida (pzp) immunocontraception in wildlife population management has been tested over a 15 year period and promises to provide a useful wildlife management tool. these studies have provided evidence indicating that the use of pzp immunocontraception in wildlife: (i) is effective at both the physiological and population level (liu et al., 1989; kirkpatrick et al., 1996; turner et al., this supplement); (ii) is deliverable by remote means (kir ... | 2002 | 12220156 |
| effects of gnrh agonist (leuprolide) on reproduction and behaviour in female wapiti (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | fertility control offers a potential alternative to traditional methods for regulating the growth of overabundant wild ungulate populations. however, current technology is limited due to practical treatment application, undesirable side-effects and economic considerations. a promising non-steroidal, non-immunological approach to contraception involves the use of a potent gnrh agonist. two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a gnrh agonist (leuprolide) for controlling fert ... | 2002 | 12220155 |
| identification of a jak2-independent pathway regulating growth hormone (gh)-stimulated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. gh activation of ral and phospholipase d is src-dependent. | we have demonstrated here that growth hormone (gh) stimulates the formation of the active gtp-bound form of both rala and ralb in nih-3t3 cells. full activation of rala and ralb by gh required the combined activity of c-src and jak2, both kinases activated by gh independent of the other. activation of rala and ralb by growth hormone did not require the activity of jak2 per se. ras was also activated by gh and was required for the gh-stimulated formation of gtp-bound rala and ralb. activation of ... | 2002 | 12218045 |
| rheb is in a high activation state and inhibits b-raf kinase in mammalian cells. | rheb (ras homolog enriched in brain) is a member of the ras family of proteins, and is in the immediate ras/rap/ral subfamily. we found in three different mammalian cell lines that rheb was highly activated, to levels much higher than for ras or rap 1, and that rheb's activation state was unaffected by changes in growth conditions. rheb's high activation was not secondary to unique glycine to arginine, or glycine to serine substitutions at positions 14 and 15, corresponding to ras residues 12 an ... | 2002 | 12214276 |
| activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) by aromatic hydrocarbons: role in the regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) function. | the aromatic hydrocarbon (ah) receptor (ahr) is the only known cellular receptor of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and of many other widespread environmental contaminants that cause diverse toxic effects in animals and humans. most, if not all, the biological effects of tcdd are mediated by the activation of ahr, which is a ligand-activated transcription factor required for ligand-induced expression of several detoxification genes, including those encoding for cytochrome p450 enzymes ... | 2002 | 12213569 |
| canadian male farm residents, pesticide safety handling practices, exposure to animals and non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). | a majority of published studies indicate that farmers have an elevated risk of developing non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) compared to other workers. | 2002 | 12210683 |
| dietary salt intake activates map kinases in the rat kidney. | this study explored the hypothesis that dietary salt promoted changes in renal expression of tgf-beta1 and nos3 by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways. sprague-dawley rats were maintained for four days on formulated diets that contained 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 8.0% nacl. an increase in salt intake to greater than or equal to 3.0% nacl increased kinase activities of p38 mapk and p42/44 mapk, but not p46/54 jnk/sapk, in the cortex and outer and inner medulla. associated with ... | 2002 | 12206991 |
| malignant catarrhal fever-like disease in barbary red deer (cervus elaphus barbarus) naturally infected with a virus resembling alcelaphine herpesvirus 2. | eight barbary red deer (cervus elaphus barbarus) developed clinical signs suggestive of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) over a 28-day period. these animals were housed outdoors with four other species of ruminants. affected red deer had lethargy, ocular signs, and nasal discharge and were euthanatized within 48 h. lesions included ulcers of the muzzle, lips, and oral cavity associated with infiltrates of neutrophils and lymphocytes. serologically, six of seven red deer tested during the outbreak ... | 2002 | 12202582 |
| an ecosystem approach to population management of ungulates. | harvest objectives for wild ungulates have traditionally been based on population models that do not consider ecosystem effects of ungulate herbivory, nor interactions between native and domestic ungulate species. there is a need for ecosystem models to allow wildlife managers to evaluate potential ecosystem effects of management scenarios. the utility of the savanna simulation model for estimating elk population objectives within an ecosystem context was demonstrated for north park, colorado, u ... | 2002 | 12197079 |
| histological thin-sections: a method for the microscopic study of teeth in spanish red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | a method to obtain thin histological sections (4-5 microm thick) from teeth, using a conventional microtome, is described for incisors, molars and canines from spanish red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). decalcifying solutions of formic acid and nitric acid at different concentrations were ineffective. this was not the case for a solution of 14% hypochloric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (tbd-1(r) of shandon). however, the time needed to complete decalcification was longer than the time estimat ... | 2002 | 12196264 |
| bystander effects: intercellular transmission of radiation damage signals. | biological effects were examined in confluent cultures of fibroblasts and epithelial cells exposed to very low mean doses of alpha radiation, doses by which only 1-2% of the cells were actually traversed by an alpha particle. enhanced frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and hprt mutations occurred in the non-irradiated, 'bystander' cells associated with a similar increase in the frequency of micronuclei, indicating the induction of dna damage in these cells. in order to gain information co ... | 2002 | 12194273 |
| evidence of functional modulation of the mekk/jnk/cjun signaling cascade by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (lrp). | lipoprotein receptors, such as lrp, have been shown to assemble multiprotein complexes containing intracellular signaling molecules; however, in vivo, their signaling function is poorly understood. using a novel lrp receptor fusion construct, a type i transmembrane protein chimera, termed sigg-lrp (bearing the intracellular cooh-terminal tail of human lrp as recombinant fusion to a transmembrane region plus the extracellular igg-f(c) domain), we here investigated lrp signal transduction specific ... | 2002 | 12193592 |
| c-cbl is a negative regulator of gh-stimulated stat5-mediated transcription. | we have previously demonstrated that cellular stimulation with gh results in the formation of a multiprotein signaling complex. one component of this multiprotein signaling complex is the adapter molecule c-cbl. here we have examined the role of c-cbl in the mechanism of gh signal transduction. forced expression of c-cbl in nih3t3 cells did not alter gh-stimulated janus kinase 2 tyrosine phosphorylation nor gh-stimulated p44/42 mapk activation and consequent elk-1- mediated transcription. c-cbl ... | 2002 | 12193575 |
| the functional properties of the human ether-à-go-go-like (helk2) k+ channel. | the voltage-dependent k+ channels belonging to the ether-à-go-go family (eag, erg, elk) are widely expressed in the mammalian cns. their neuronal function, however, is poorly understood. among the elk clones, elk2 is the most abundantly expressed in the brain. we have characterized the human elk2 channel (helk2) expressed in mammalian cell lines. moreover, we have detected helk2 mrna and elk2-like currents in freshly dissociated human astrocytoma cells. helk2 was inhibited by cs+ in a voltage-de ... | 2002 | 12193184 |
| estimating the prevalence of inbreeding from incomplete pedigrees. | a previous review of inbreeding in natural populations suggested that close inbreeding (inbreeding coefficient f = 0.25) is generally rare in wild birds and mammals. however, the review did not assess rates of moderate inbreeding (f = 0.125), which may make a rather larger contribution to overall inbreeding in a population. furthermore, previous studies may have underestimated the prevalence of inbreeding in wild populations with incomplete pedigrees. by categorizing inbreeding events by the rel ... | 2002 | 12184822 |
| age- and density-dependent reproductive effort in male red deer. | reproductive effort in female ungulates originates from gestation and lactation and has been studied extensively; however, no comparable studies of reproductive effort in males (due to fighting for access to mates) have, to our knowledge, previously been reported. here, we report on weight loss of male red deer during the annual mating season--a direct measure of male reproductive effort (or somatic reproductive costs). the 'terminal investment' hypothesis predicts that reproductive effort shoul ... | 2002 | 12184820 |
| mitochondrial 12s rdna sequence relationships suggest that the enigmatic bovid "linh duong" pseudonovibos spiralis is closely related to buffalo. | the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the recently described southeast asian endemic bovid pseudonovibos spiralis were deduced from nearly complete 12s mitochondrial rdna sequences of this species and bubalus bubalis alongside 26 sequences of bovidae from genbank using cervus elaphus (cervidae) as outgroup. maximum-likelihood analyses performed by puzzle and fastdnaml nested p. spiralis at the base of the subtribe buffalo bovini, suggesting the close relationship of this enigmatic sp ... | 2002 | 12182406 |
| selection of alternative genetic sources of large-seed size in virginia-type peanut: evaluation of sensory, composition, and agronomic characteristics. | jenkins jumbo, the ancestral source of large-seed size in the virginia market type (arachis hypogaea l.), has been shown to have a deleterious effect on flavor of peanut. the pervasiveness of jenkins jumbo in the ancestry of large-seeded germplasm contributes to the generally less intense roasted peanut flavor of u.s. cultivars of the virginia market type. as a remedy to this problem, alternative sources of large-seed size were sought. nine large-seeded selections, with nc 7 and florunner as che ... | 2002 | 12166976 |
| activation and translocation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase after stimulation of monocytes with contact sensitizers. | recently we described the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by contact sensitizers as an early molecular event during the activation of antigen- presenting cells. in this study, the role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase for the activation of human monocytes after exposure to four structurally unrelated contact sensitizers was analyzed in comparison with the irritant benzalkonium chloride and an inductor of oxidative stress (h2o2) using immunofluorescence, western blotting, and enz ... | 2002 | 12164931 |
| region-specific phosphorylation of atf-2, elk-1 and c-jun in rat hippocampus and cerebellum after electroconvulsive shock. | there have been reports of regional differences in the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (mapks) and in the induction of immediate early genes after electroconvulsive shock (ecs) in the rat brain. this study was performed to determine whether ecs induce the region-specific phosphorylation of mapk-downstream transcription factors, atf-2, elk-1, c-jun, in rat hippocampus and cerebellum. following ecs, the phosphorylation of atf-2 was highly increased in the hippocampus but slightly i ... | 2002 | 12161250 |
| differential activation of erk and jnk by arsenite in mouse muscle cells. | we studied the activation of mapks, such as erk and jnk, by arsenite in c2c12 mouse skeletal muscle cells as a function of proliferation and differentiation. data showed that both erk and jnk were activated by arsenite in proliferated and differentiated cells in a differential manner. the activation of the enzymes was not due to alteration in their concentration. the activities were independent of each other. erk activation was possibly partly through the activity of ras, raf and the mek cascade ... | 2002 | 12161171 |
| adaptive mechanisms induced by long-term estrogen deprivation in breast cancer cells. | clinical observations suggest that human breast tumors can adapt in response to endocrine therapy by developing hypersensitivity to estradiol. to understand the mechanisms responsible, we examined estrogenic stimulation of cell proliferation in a model system and provided evidence that long-term deprivation of estradiol causes adaptive hypersensitivity. the enhanced responses to estradiol do not involve mechanisms acting at the level of transcription of estrogen regulated genes. we found no evid ... | 2002 | 12160999 |
| transcription inhibitor actinomycin-d abolishes the cardioprotective effect of ischemic reconditioning. | our previous studies have suggested a role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) in cardioprotection in the porcine heart. to investigate, whether this could be due to modification of transcriptional events we studied the influence of actinomycin-d (act-d), a known rna-synthesis inhibitor on (i) ischemic preconditioning, (ii) (ip)-mediated cardioprotection, (iii) transcription factors levels and mapks activation. | 2002 | 12160958 |
| ras/mapk pathway confers basement membrane dependence upon endoderm differentiation of embryonic carcinoma cells. | the formation of extraembryonic endoderm is one of the earliest steps in the differentiation of pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass during the early stages of embryonic development. the primitive endoderm cells and the derived parietal and visceral endoderm cells gain the capacity to produce collagen iv and laminin. the deposition of these components results in the formation of basement membrane and epithelium of the endoderm, with polarized cells covering the inner surface of the blastocoe ... | 2002 | 12145292 |
| microsatellite variation in the reintroduced pennsylvania elk herd. | relocation programs have restored elk (cervus elaphus) to portions of its vast historical range. we examine the consequences of these relocation programs by assessing variation at 10 microsatellite loci in three elk herds, a source herd (yellowstone national park), a large herd reintroduced from yellowstone (custer state park) and a bottlenecked herd reintroduced from both yellowstone and custer (the pennsylvania herd). observed single locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.739. multi-loc ... | 2002 | 12144652 |
| anorexia nervosa (restrictive subtype) is associated with a polymorphism in the novel norepinephrine transporter gene promoter polymorphic region. | long-term weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa (an) have lower norepinephrine levels than controls. since this may reflect altered reuptake by the norepinephrine transporter (net), we hypothesised that the net gene was involved in the genetic component of an. pcr-amplification of an aagg repeat island (aagg1) in the net gene promoter region revealed a novel 343-bp sequence with five additional aagg repeat islands (aagg2-aagg6). we named the sequence from aagg1 to aagg6 inclusive, the n ... | 2002 | 12140790 |
| regulation of gli1 transcriptional activity in the nucleus by dyrk1. | to investigate the cellular role of dual specificity yak1-related kinase (dyrk) 1, a nuclear localized dual specificity protein kinase, we examined its effect on transcriptional regulation using reporter gene assays. we found that dyrk1 can substantially enhance gli1-dependent, but not lef-1-, c-jun-, or elk-dependent, gene transcription. in part, dyrk1 does this through retaining gli1 in the nucleus. however, we also demonstrate that dyrk1 can enhance the transcriptional activity of gli1-aha, a ... | 2002 | 12138125 |
| pdgf and signal transduction in hepatic stellate cells. | platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) is one of the most potent mitogen for cultured hsc isolated from rat, mouse, or human liver. phosphotyrosines on the activated pdgf receptor operate as high affinity binding sites for several molecules involved in the downstream propagation of the signal, including the sequential activation of raf-1, mek and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (erk). nuclear translocation of erk is associated to the phosphorylation of several transcription factors, includi ... | 2002 | 12133817 |
| molecular phylogeography of the red deer (cervus elaphus) populations in xinjiang of china: comparison with other asian, european, and north american populations. | to illustrate phylogeography of red deer (cervus elaphus) populations of xinjiang, we determined their mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences, and then investigated geographic variations and phylogenetic relationships between xinjiang populations and other populations from asia, europe, and north america. the c. elaphus mtdna control region shared different copy numbers of tandem repeats of 38 to 43-bp motifs which clearly distinguished the western lineage from the eastern lineage of ... | 2002 | 12130826 |
| transient and sustained erk phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in growth control. | growth stimulation and inhibition are both associated with tyrosine phosphorylation. we examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (egf), a growth stimulant, and compound 5 (cpd 5), a protein-tyrosine phosphatase (ptpase) inhibitor, which inhibits the growth of the same hep3b hepatoma cells. we found that both egf and cpd 5 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of egf receptor (egfr) and erk. however, the phosphorylation caused by egf was transient and that caused by cpd 5 was prolonged. further ... | 2002 | 12115721 |
| characterization of sealpox virus, a separate member of the parapoxviruses. | a disease outbreak characterized by lesions of the skin and mucosa of the oral cavity was recognized in harbor seals ( phoca vitulina) from the german north sea. using electron microscopy typical parapoxvirus particles were observed. the presence of parapoxvirus was confirmed by pcr and nucleotide sequencing of part of the putative major envelope protein coding gene. comparative sequence analysis revealed that the virus from seal is significantly different from the established parapoxvirus speci ... | 2002 | 12111424 |
| identification of antigens with potential for immunodiagnosis of parelaphostrongylus tenuis and elaphostrongylus cervi infections in red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus). | red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) were infected experimentally with parelaphostrongylus tenuis in new brunswick, canada, and with elaphostrongylus cervi in new zealand. excretory-secretory (e-s) antigens from adult p. tenuis were evaluated for their serodiagnostic potential in identifying p. tenuis and heterologous e. cervi infections in a western blot. the antigen recognition profile of sera from animals infected with p. tenuis varied between individuals and with duration of infections, whereas ... | 2002 | 12099432 |
| flavonoid phytochemicals regulate activator protein-1 signal transduction pathways in endometrial and kidney stable cell lines. | phytochemicals bind to and regulate the human estrogen receptors (eralpha and erbeta), mimicking actions of the endogenous estrogen, 17beta-estradiol, and known antiestrogens such as ici 182,780. recently, however, some of these estrogenic phytochemicals have been shown to affect other signal transduction pathways, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk). previously, we found that certain phytochemicals, such as flavone, apigenin, kaempferide and chalcone, ... | 2002 | 12097658 |
| phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in p53-deficient pc-3 human prostate cancer cell line is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases. | previous studies have suggested that p53 is required for apoptosis induction by phenethyl isothiocyanate (peitc), which is a highly promising cancer chemopreventive agent. here, we report that p53 is not required for peitc-induced apoptosis in the pc-3 human prostate cancer cell line and that the peitc-induced apoptosis is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erk1/2). exposure of pc-3 cells to an apoptosis-inducing concentration of peitc (10 microm) resulted in a rapid and sustain ... | 2002 | 12097262 |
| an aspartyl protease inhibitor orthologue expressed by parelaphostrongylus tenuis is immunogenic in an atypical host. | parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a neurotropic nematode common in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) of eastern north america. this parasite is the causative agent of a debilitating neurologic disease in atypical hosts, including domestic livestock. in order to identify proteins of potential significance in the host-parasite relationship, a cdna library was produced from adult p. tenuis mrna. screening the library with antisera from infected red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) and immunized a ... | 2002 | 12093670 |
| lipoteichoic acid selectively induces the erk signaling pathway in the cornea. | to identify signal transduction pathways and gene expression induced by the bacterial cell wall component lipoteichoic acid (lta) in human corneal keratocytes. | 2002 | 12091427 |
| activation and induction of nur77/nurr1 in corticotrophs by crh/camp: involvement of calcium, protein kinase a, and mapk pathways. | nur factors are critical for proopiomelanocortin (pomc) induction by crh in corticotrophs, but the pathways linking crh to nur are unknown. in this study we show that in att-20 corticotrophs crh and camp induce nur77 and nurr1 expression and transcription at the nurre site by protein kinase a (pka) and calcium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. calcium pathways depend on calmodulin kinase ii (camkii) activity, and calcium-independent pathways are accounted for in part by mapk activation (rap ... | 2002 | 12089357 |
| cell adhesion differentially regulates the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of active map kinases. | cells decide whether to undergo processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, based upon the cues they receive from both circulating factors and integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix. integrins control the activation of the early signaling pathways. for example, growth factor activation of the erk cascade is enhanced when cells are adherent. in addition, adhesion receptors oversee the cellular localization of critical signaling components. we have recently sho ... | 2002 | 12077368 |
| the ets domain transcription factor elk-1 contains a novel class of repression domain. | the ets domain transcription factor elk-1 serves as an integration point for different mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase pathways. phosphorylation of elk-1 by map kinases triggers its activation. however, while the activation process is well understood, its downregulation-inactivation is less well characterized. the ets dna-binding domain plays a role in the downregulation of elk-dependent promoter activity following mitogenic activation by recruiting the msin3a-hdac complex. here we have i ... | 2002 | 12077333 |
| camkii regulates amphetamine-induced erk1/2 phosphorylation in striatal neurons. | amphetamine activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (erk1/2) resulting in camp response element-binding protein (creb) and elk-1 phosphorylation in striatal neurons. in the present study we investigated whether calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camkii) regulates amphetamine-induced erk1/2 pathways in striatal neurons using western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. acute administration of amphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased phosphorylated (p)camkii immunor ... | 2002 | 12060798 |
| a kinetic approach for the study of protein phosphatase-catalyzed regulation of protein kinase activity. | the activities of many protein kinases are regulated by phosphorylation. the phosphorylated protein kinases thus represent an important class of substrates for protein phosphatases. however, our ability to study the phosphatase-catalyzed substrate dephosphorylation has been limited in many cases by the difficulty in preparing sufficient amount of stoichiometrically phosphorylated kinases. we have applied the kinetic theory of substrate reaction during irreversible modification of enzyme activity ... | 2002 | 12056917 |
| the use of inducible engrailed fusion proteins to study the cellular functions of eukaryotic transcription factors. | transcription factors determine cell lineages, control cell fate, and regulate cellular responses to stimuli. many methods are currently used to study the function of transcription factors in a cellular context and several of these involve overexpressing a constitutively active form of the protein and studying its effects. here we outline an alternative approach involving the inducible expression of dominant-negative transcription factors in human cell lines. dominant-negative transcription fact ... | 2002 | 12054883 |
| vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation requires both p38 and bmk1 map kinases. | vascular smooth muscle cell (vsmc) proliferation is a key event in the progression of atherosclerosis. induction of both c-fos (through the transcription factor elk-1) and c-jun, both immediate early genes, is important for the stimulation of vsmc proliferation and migration. it was earlier found that p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase upregulates c-jun gene transcription through phosphorylation of two myocyte enhancer factor 2 (mef2) family transcription factors, mef2a and mef2c, while ... | 2002 | 12054430 |
| identical its-1 and its-2 sequences suggest spiculopteragia asymmetrica and spiculopteragia quadrispiculata (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) constitute morphologically distinct variants of a single species. | sequences of its-1 and its-2 rdna for adult males of spiculopteragia asymmetrica and spiculopteragia quadrispiculata in red deer (cervus elaphus) were determined. they were found to be identical, suggesting that s. asymmetrica and s. quadrispiculata represent a single species and do not refute the concept of dimorphic species in the spiculopteragia. | 2002 | 12054028 |
| assessment of domestic goats as a patent host of elaphostrongylus cervi. | a study was undertaken to determine whether domestic goats can serve as patent hosts of elaphostrongylus cervi under natural or experimental conditions. three-hundred and two fecal samples from 124 domestic goats raised outdoors in new zealand, where e. cervi is enzootic, were tested for nematode larvae by the baermann method. all samples were negative for e. cervi dorsal-spined larvae. twenty juvenile male nubian and saanen goats obtained locally were assigned randomly to 5 dosage groups and we ... | 2002 | 12053987 |
| estrogen regulation of c-fos gene expression through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent activation of serum response factor in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. | 17beta-estradiol (e2) induces proliferation and c-fos gene expression in mcf-7 cells and both responses are partially blocked by wortmannin and ly294002 which are inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3-k). analysis of the c-fos gene promoter shows that the effects of wortmannin and ly294002 are associated with inhibition of e2-induced activation through the serum response factor (srf) motif within the proximal serum response element at -325 and -296. e2 activates constructs containing ... | 2002 | 12051724 |
| [cell signaling in the epileptic hippocampus]. | cell signaling commanding death or survival in human epileptic hippocampus is difficult to trace because of the long interval between the beginning of symptoms and the sampling of damaged cerebral tissue for neuropathological examination. intraperitoneal injection of the glutamate analogue kainic acid (ka) is a useful tool to analyze the effects of seizures and the excitotoxic damage in the rodent hippocampus. ka acts on nmda and ka receptors, whereas it has little impact on ampa receptors. neur ... | 2002 | 12040499 |