Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [neonatal shigellosis]. | neonatal shigellosis is rare and is usually encountered in unsanitary countries. it is occasionally responsible for manifestations of bacteremia such as septic shock and rash. | 1993 | 8135614 |
| blind, deaf and mute after a status epilepticus caused by hyperpyrexia from shigellosis--a case report with a four-year follow-up. | a nearly four-year-old boy awoke blind, deaf and mute from a coma of five days duration after a status epilepticus caused by hyperpyrexia from shigellosis. the authors give a detailed report of the recovery. visual and auditory functions recovered within six months after the onset but expressive language difficulties remained. following a discussion of the underlying mechanisms producing the cerebral damage, the hypothesis of a type of "disconnection syndrome" is put forward to explain the persi ... | 1993 | 8133983 |
| a chromosome map of shigella flexneri with the loci related to pathogenicity. | 1994 | 8133848 | |
| acid and base resistance in escherichia coli and shigella flexneri: role of rpos and growth ph. | escherichia coli k-12 strains and shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase can survive several hours at ph 2 to 3, which is considerably lower than the acid limit for growth (about ph 4.5). a 1.3-kb fragment cloned from s. flexneri conferred acid resistance on acid-sensitive e. coli hb101; sequence data identified the fragment as a homolog of rpos, the growth phase-dependent sigma factor sigma 38. the clone also conferred acid resistance on s. flexneri rpos::tn10 but not on salmonella typhimu ... | 1994 | 8132468 |
| invasiveness of shigella flexneri in poliovirus infected ht-29 cells. | in this paper we report the effect in ht-29 cells of mixed infections with poliovirus type 1 and shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t and derivative strains differing in adhesive as well as invasive properties. ht-29 epithelial intestinal cells derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma are a good model for coinfection studies because they are susceptible both to poliovirus replication and to s. flexneri invasion. the results show that 48 h after infection by poliovirus the invasiveness of wi ... | 1994 | 8127227 |
| cadherin expression is required for the spread of shigella flexneri between epithelial cells. | shigella flexneri, a gram-negative pathogen, invades the human colonic epithelium. after entering epithelial cells, bacteria escape into the cytoplasm, move intracellularly, and pass from cell to cell. the bacterium diverts actin and associated actin-binding proteins to generate a cytoskeleton-based motor that pushes forward the bacterium. as the moving bacterium reaches the inner face of the host-cell cytoplasmic membrane, a protrusion forms that allows passage of this bacterium into a neighbor ... | 1994 | 8124719 |
| shigella flexneri transformants expressing type 1 (mannose-specific) fimbriae bind to, activate, and are killed by phagocytic cells. | shigella flexneri m90t (invasive) and bs176 (noninvasive) are typical nonfimbriated organisms that do not bind to or activate phagocytic cells. we demonstrate that s. flexneri m90tp and bs176p, obtained by transformation of the strains named above with the cluster of genes encoding type 1 (mannose-specific) fimbriae of escherichia coli, express the functional fimbriae, as shown by electron microscopy, by binding of antifimbria antibodies and by yeast cell aggregation. the transformants, but not ... | 1993 | 8097492 |
| interleukin 1 is released by murine macrophages during apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri. | peritoneal macrophages undergoing apoptosis induced by shigella flexneri infection release the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (il-1), but not il-6 or tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha). wild type shigella causes a very fast and significant release of il-1 from prestimulated peritoneal macrophages, before the cell's integrity is compromised. both il-1 alpha and il-1 beta are released, il-1 beta in its mature processed form. il-1 is released from presynthesized cytoplasmic pools. these r ... | 1994 | 8083373 |
| inhibition of agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenicity by the osa gene of psa. | the incw plasmid psa originally derived from shigella flexneri completely inhibits the tumor-inducing ability of agrobacterium tumefaciens when it is resident in this organism. oncogenic inhibition is mediated through the expression of the osa gene on psa. this gene is part of a 3.1-kb dna segment of psa that contains four open reading frames revealed by sequencing. specific deletions and tncat insertions within this segment localized the oncogenic inhibitory activity to the last open reading fr ... | 1994 | 8083162 |
| dot-elisa for seroepidemiological study of exposure to shigella flexneri. | a seroepidemiological study for determining serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharides (lps) of shigella flexneri using dot--elisa was carried out in krabi province, thailand, from january 1989 to december 1990. from 363 serum samples obtained from cord blood and from venous blood of the healthy persons aged from 6 months to over 50 years, 56% and 22%, respectively, were found to be positive for specific igg and igm antibodies to s. flexneri lps. the igg prevalence was initially detected at 3-4 yea ... | 1993 | 8080607 |
| immunogenicity of two types of shigella flexneri 2a o-specific polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates. | 1994 | 8080210 | |
| protection against invasion of the mouse pulmonary epithelium by a monoclonal iga directed against shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide. | 1994 | 8080209 | |
| molecular and cellular mechanisms of tissue invasion by shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, a member of the family of enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery by invading the human colonic mucosa and provoking a very intense inflammation. recent in vitro data allow us to integrate different phenomena into a model of the infectious process during shigellosis. in vivo, bacteria appear to enter the submucosa via the m cells, specialized cells that cover the follicular structures of the intestinal mucosa. once inside the submucosa, shigellae encounter resident tiss ... | 1994 | 8080171 |
| [an analysis of infectious morbidity on the province level of the epidemiological health service (exemplified by shigellosis)]. | 1993 | 8079564 | |
| [l-forms of the dysentery bacteria in models of shigella and non-shigella infections]. | 1993 | 8079561 | |
| [the role of the water factor of transmission in the spread of viral hepatitis a and dysentery under the conditions in an industrial city]. | 1993 | 8079557 | |
| [the seasonality of flexner dysentery among preschoolers]. | 1993 | 8079549 | |
| [the microbiological aspects of using enterosorbents in acute intestinal infections]. | we observed 60 patients with acute flexner's dysentery and salmonellosis. complex treatment included enterosorbents; enterosgel, activated carbon and polyfepan. the results showed that co-administration of enterosgel as compared to that of activated carbon and polyfepan resulted in more vigorous elimination of pathogens. in patients with acute dysentery enterosgel when used at the background of nitroflurane therapy potentiated the latter. enterosorbents improved also body resistance in enteric i ... | 1993 | 8079486 |
| [bacterial dysentery in 1992]. | 1994 | 8073150 | |
| outbreak of shigella flexneri 2a infections on a cruise ship. | 1994 | 8072477 | |
| epidemiology of shigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in southern israel. | the epidemiology of shigellosis in the jewish and bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. the average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989-1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. the average annual attack rate among the jews, who enjoy western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disea ... | 1994 | 8070448 |
| [the therapeutic efficacy of sodium nucleinate and monoribonucleotides based on keratoconjunctival test data]. | the possibility of using sodium nucleinate for the treatment of acute dysentery has been confirmed in experiments on guinea pigs with the use of the keratoconjunctival test as an experimental model. the capacity of sodium nucleinate to enhance the antibiotic sensitivity of shigellae isolated from infected eyes to kanamycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol has been established. the effect produced by individual ribonucleotides contained in sodium nucleinate have been studied and found to be diff ... | 1993 | 8067149 |
| [the optimization of the technology for culturing vaccinal strains of shigella flexneri]. | the drainage-filling cultivation process for three shigella flexneri vaccine strains in small-capacity fermenters has been developed. the study has shown that after hydroxylamine treatment the yield of the antigenic component, calculated per 1000 million microbial cells, is tenfold higher in comparison with the traditional method. | 1993 | 8067146 |
| [a mathematical model of the seasonal morbidity of shigellosis]. | a new epidemiologically significant mathematical model for the prognosis of seasonal morbidity in dysentery caused by s. flexneri and s. sonnei has been developed. this model may be used for solving problems on the epidemiology of shigella infections. in this model quantitative ratios are determined by means of the system of nonlinear integral-differential equations in partial derivatives of the first order with edge conditions of the integral type. this model makes it possible to make multiple ... | 1993 | 8067113 |
| [an immunoenzyme method for determining iga antibodies to lipopolysaccharide in secretions in the diagnosis of shigellosis]. | iga antibodies to s. sonnei and s. flexneri lipopolysaccharides (lps) in secretions, as well as escherichia coli lps in coprofiltrates of children with acute diarrhea, were determined with the use of enzyme immunoassay (eia). in adult patients with dysentery serum and salivary anti-lps antibodies were assayed. the results of eia showed that children aged up to 18 months had an elevated level of lps of the causative agent in their coprofiltrates. the specificity of this assay permitted its use fo ... | 1993 | 8067099 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the harmlessness of noninvasive recombinant shigella strains]. | the interaction of shigella recombinant strains (with attenuating chromosomal mutations, with transposon-neutralized plasmid gene mutations, the hybrids of both strains), incapable of inducing keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs, with cells hep-2 and enterocytes in the ligated loop of the small intestine of rabbits was studied. these strains retained, to varying extent, pronounced adhesiveness, but practically lost their invasiveness (though in peyer's patches the translocation of bacteria by m- ... | 1993 | 8067094 |
| [the characteristics of the antibiotic therapy of acute dysentery in an immunodeficiency body state in children with leukopenia]. | course of the disease and some indices of immunity were studied in 100 children with sonne's and flexner's dysentery. parameters of immunity in 32 children (the 1st group) were normal. 68 patients (the 2-nd group) had secondary immune deficiency and leukopenia. recovery of immunodeficient children in use of antibiotics and prodigiosan was slowed down by 5.2 days as compared to that of children without immunodeficiency. antibiotics used in combination with lysozyme in patients of the 1st group re ... | 1994 | 8067000 |
| identification and characterization of a salmonella typhimurium oxygen-regulated gene required for bacterial internalization. | growth of salmonella typhimurium in a low-oxygen environment induces the ability of these bacteria to enter mammalian cells. we have carried out a search for invasion genes that are expressed under low-oxygen conditions by using tn5laczy transcriptional fusions. several noninvasive oxygen-regulated laczy insertion strains have been identified. the invasion defect in one of these noninvasive s. typhimurium strains, bj66, has been complemented by introduction of a cosmid (pbdj125) from an s. typhi ... | 1994 | 8063389 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the protective properties of noninvasive recombinant strains of shigella]. | in 2-3 weeks after the oral immunization of rabbits, made in one or two administrations, with attenuated two-marker s. dysenteriae 1 strain vs-12 and recombinant s. dysenteriae vs-12/s. sonnei nr-18 and s. flexneri y433/s. sonnei nr-18 pronounced immunological reaction developed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine: blast transformation follicles of peyer's patches, an increase in the number of lymphoblasts and plasmocytes in the cupolae of follicles and in intestinal villi, and an incr ... | 1993 | 8059565 |
| [the role of secondary immunodeficiencies in the development of a protracted course of acute dysentery]. | an opinion on the expediency of working out criteria for dividing acute dysentery patients into risk groups, depending on the development of immune deficiency, has been put forward. the results of the study of some characteristics of t-cell immunity system in 228 acute dysentery patients in relation to their clinical state are presented. measurements of total active t lymphocytes, t helpers and t suppressors have been made. disturbances in the immunity characteristics under study, more pronounce ... | 1993 | 8059562 |
| molecular characterization of intact, but cryptic, flagellin genes in the genus shigella. | flagellin genes (flic) were detected in two species of the genus shigella. the flicsf gene cloned from shigella flexneri produced normal-type flagella in an escherichia coli delta flic strain while the flicss genes from two shigella sonnei strains produced curly-type flagella and their expression is repressible by salmonella flja repressor. the flicsf gene (1650 bp) shared high similarity with the e. coli flice gene not only in the 5' and 3' constant sequences but also in the upstream and downst ... | 1994 | 8057852 |
| deregulation of temperature-dependent transcription of the invasion regulatory gene, virb, in shigella by rho mutation. | expression of the virb gene, the transcriptional regulator for the invasion genes encoded by the large plasmid of shigella flexneri, is temperature-regulated. virb transcription is under the control of virf and h-ns, which act as positive and negative regulators, respectively, and is highly responsive to changes in dna superhelicity. to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermoregulation of virb transcription, a mutant which expressed an invasion phenotype at both 30 deg ... | 1994 | 8057851 |
| a mutation in the receiver domain of the agrobacterium tumefaciens transcriptional regulator virg increases its affinity for operator dna. | we fused the wild-type agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene and the constitutive virgn54d allele to the male gene of escherichia coli, and studied the binding of mbp-virg fusions to the autoregulated virg promoter. mbp-virgn54d protein bound this promoter with 10-fold higher affinity than mbp-virg, and bound to vir box i with eightfold higher affinity than to vir box iii. disruption of vir box iii did not alter the affinity for vir box i, suggesting a lack of cooperativity between these sites. we ... | 1994 | 8057837 |
| detailed structural characterization of lipid a: electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. | previous studies have defined specific functional relationships within monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) preparations. to extend this understanding to all contributing entities, mla samples have been structurally characterized using electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation (cid), and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms). mla profiles of salmonella minnesota re595 have been compared with shigella flexneri for sample type and component distribution. in excess of 20 individual structures comp ... | 1994 | 8053569 |
| constitutive expression of the virulence genes improves the efficiency of plant transformation by agrobacterium. | inducible virulence (vir) genes of the agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid are under control of a two-component regulatory system. in response to environmental factors (phenolic compounds, sugars, ph) vira protein phosphorylates virg, which in turn interacts with the promoters of other vir genes, causing induction. a mutation of virg, virgn54d (which codes for a asn-54-->asp amino acid change in the product), causes constitutive expression of other vir genes independent of vira ... | 1994 | 8052627 |
| characterization of endemic shigella flexneri strains in somalia: antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles, and serotype correlation. | one hundred twelve shigella flexneri strain isolated from children with diarrheal disease in somalia in 1983, 1984, 1988, and 1989 were analyzed for serotype, plasmid profile, and genetic location of antimicrobial resistance determinants. the prevalent serotypes were 4 (46% of the isolates), 1b (16%), 2a (16%), 3a (12%), and 6 (8%). each serotype was associated with a characteristic predominant plasmid profile, whereas no specific correlation between antimicrobial resistance patterns and single ... | 1994 | 8051242 |
| vacc, a virulence-associated chromosomal locus of shigella flexneri, is homologous to tgt, a gene encoding trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) of escherichia coli k-12. | the genetic determinants required for invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri and for the subsequent bacterial spreading are encoded by the large virulence plasmid. expression of the virulence genes is under the control of various genes on the large plasmid as well as on the chromosome. we previously identified one of the virulence-associated loci near phobr in the noti-c fragment of the chromosome of s. flexneri 2a ysh6000 and designated the locus vacc. the vacc mutant showed decrease ... | 1994 | 8045893 |
| yscu, a yersinia enterocolitica inner membrane protein involved in yop secretion. | pathogenic yersiniae secrete antihost yop proteins by a recently discovered secretion pathway which is also encountered in several animal and plant pathogens. the components of the export machinery are encoded by the vira (lcra), virb (lcrb), and virc (lcrc) loci of the 70-kb pyv plasmid. in the present paper we describe yscu, the last gene of the virb locus. we determined the dna sequence and mutated the gene on the pyv plasmid. after inactivation of yscu, the mutant strain was unable to secret ... | 1994 | 8045883 |
| [l-transforming effect of biseptol on cells of shigella sonnei and flexneri]. | possible l-transformation of shigella under the action of biseptol on an artificial nutrient medium was investigated. the l-forms were isolated from 6 out of 35 cultures. by the morphological properties the isolates were similar to the l-forms of shigella flexneri induced by furazolidone. the growth of the l-forms proceeded by the pattern of the rapid mass l-conversion of bacteria and was accompanied by the development of resistance to biseptol. it was inhibited by folic acid added to the medium ... | 1993 | 8037576 |
| outpatient studies of the safety and immunogenicity of an auxotrophic escherichia coli k-12-shigella flexneri 2a hybrid vaccine candidate, ecsf2a-2. | a phase ii study was conducted in 244 volunteers at fort ord, ca, to determine the safety and immunogenicity of ecsf2a-2, a live, oral shigella vaccine constructed by transfer of genes from shigella flexneri to escherichia coli k-12. in this placebo-controlled study, four doses of vaccine ranging from 2.3 to 9.0 x 10(8) colony-forming units were given on days 0, 3, 14 and 17. vaccine shedding occurred from 1 to 3 days after each dose. the vaccine was well tolerated at every dose tested. signific ... | 1994 | 8036831 |
| [various approaches to treatment of dysentery in children]. | the clinical process, etiological pattern and results of antibacterial therapy of dysentery in 1105 children were analyzed by hospital records for the last 25 years. significant changes in the etiology of dysentery were revealed. in the 1960s shigella flexneri prevailed (56.3 per cent) and in the 1970-1990s shigella sonnei prevailed (69.9 to 74.6 per cent) whereas the percentage of newcastle dysentery was low and stable (1.5 to 8.7 per cent). simultaneously, there were changes in antibiotic sens ... | 1993 | 8031196 |
| immunopathological patterns in the rectal mucosa of patients with shigellosis: expression of hla-dr antigens and t-lymphocyte subsets. | expression of hla-dr antigens and infiltration of t-lymphocyte subsets (cd4, cd8), cell activation marker (cd25), b cells (cd20), macrophages (cd68 and ber-mac 3) and natural killer cells (cd56) in the rectal mucosa of patients with bacillary dysentery and in healthy controls were studied in an effort to interpret the immunopathological changes taking place in the rectal mucosa during the acute phase of shigellosis. the epithelium of the rectal mucosa from 21 of 32 patients was hla-dr+. conventi ... | 1994 | 8024739 |
| shigellosis in neonates and young infants. | to determine the clinical features and outcome of shigellosis in young infants, we reviewed the hospital records of 159 infants < or = 3 months of age (including 30 neonates) and 159 children 1 to 10 years of age with shigellosis who were admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre in dacca, bangladesh. infants more commonly had a history of nonbloody diarrhea (82.8% vs 42.7%; p < 0.001), moderate or severe dehydration (59.9% vs 32.1%; p < 0.001), or bacteremia (12.0% vs 5.0%; p = 0.027) and less ... | 1994 | 8021764 |
| a role for h-ns in the thermo-osmotic regulation of virulence gene expression in shigella flexneri. | the role of the hns gene (coding for the curved-dna-binding protein h-ns) in the thermo-osmotic regulation of shigella flexneri virulence gene transcription was investigated. two structural genes, mxic and icsb, which are transcribed divergently on the high-molecular-weight virulence plasmid, were found to be transcriptionally inhibited in cultures grown in a low-osmolarity medium, even at the inducing temperature. this repression was relieved by inactivation of the hns gene, establishing a role ... | 1994 | 8021202 |
| cloning and sequencing of sara of staphylococcus aureus, a gene required for the expression of agr. | to evaluate the effect of a sar mutation on the agr locus, northern (rna) blotting was performed to determine the levels of rnaiii, the agr regulatory molecule, in two isogenic pairs of staphylococcus aureus strains. our results demonstrated that rnaiii was either significantly diminished or absent in both sar mutants compared with the parents. the rnaiii level was partially restored in sar mutants complemented with an intact sar gene (designated sara). additionally, we were able to complement s ... | 1994 | 8021198 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis in a slum colony of delhi-1990. | 1993 | 8014439 | |
| [a rapid specific reaction of the blood phagocytes to bacteria and the new possibilities for its diagnostic determination in infections]. | materials on the study of specific reaction of phagocytes, rapidly appearing after the contact of the body with soluble microbial substances, are presented. the study has established that of the reaction-inducing stimulus has a non-antigenic character and it acts directly on phagocytes. the method for the determination of phagocytic reaction by the ratio of the phagocytosis levels in the specific and control objects has been developed, which makes it possible to use a common diagnostic criterion ... | 1994 | 7992518 |
| serum igg antibody responses to shigella invasion plasmid-coded antigens detected by immunoblot. | serum igg antibody responses to shigella invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa) from 58 shigella flexneri, s. sonnei, and s. dysenteriae infected swedish patients were investigated by immunoblot technique. intense responses to most components of ipa (ipas a, b, c, d, and virg-virulence determinant on sali fragment g of the plasmid) were evident in sera from s. flexneri infected patients. the strongest response was to ipa b and the weakest, to ipa d. in contrast, there were weaker responses to ipa ... | 1994 | 7984976 |
| polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia with shigella in a patient with aids. | shigella gastroenteritis is uncommon among hiv seropositive patients and may be complicated in some patients by bacteremia; s. flexneri being the most frequently detected serogroup. while recurrent salmonella bacteremia is common among hiv-seropositive patients, recurrent shigella bacteremia is not. we report here an hiv-seropositive patient with shigella gastroenteritis, polymicrobial bacteremia due to s. flexneri and s. boydii, and recurrent gastroenteritis and bacteremia with s. boydii. relap ... | 1994 | 7984973 |
| [the infectious etiology of acute diarrheal diseases in the republic of cuba, 1991]. | this study was carried out in 1991 to learn the behavior of enteropathogenic agents causing acute diarrheal diseases in cuba. 30 children, admitted in hospitals or seen in outpatient services for acute diarrheal diseases, were selected in each province taking into account that they had not received antibiotic or chemotherapy treatments in the previous 72 hours. feces samples were taken from all patients for virological, bacteriological, and parasitological studies, and results were sent to the p ... | 1993 | 7984819 |
| the n-terminal domain of virg of agrobacterium tumefaciens: modelling and analysis of mutant phenotypes. | fourteen mutants in the n-terminal domain of virulence factor g (virg) were obtained by random mutagenesis. two mutants showed an altered phenotype, all others were non-functional. all mutants can still be phosphorylated and bind to dna. a 3-d model was built based on the coordinates of chemotaxis protein y (chey). many of the observed phenotypic changes of virg are explained qualitatively. combination of model building and biochemical information leads to the conclusion that the active sites of ... | 1994 | 7971952 |
| asymptomatic shigella infections in a cohort of mexican children younger than two years of age. | the proportion of shigella infections that occur asymptomatically in young children has not been established. a community-based cohort study of 367 infants was followed prospectively by weekly home visits from january, 1990, through december, 1991. stool samples were collected weekly and when diarrhea occurred and were tested for shigella and other enteropathogens. there were 2925 child months of observation and 65 episodes of shigella infection. there were 3.1 episodes/100 child months during t ... | 1994 | 7970946 |
| shigella flexneri: isolation of noninvasive mutants of gram-negative pathogens. | 1994 | 7968634 | |
| measurement of invasion by gentamicin resistance. | 1994 | 7968625 | |
| [diarrheal disease in hospitalized patients during the first year of the war]. | during the period from april 1992 to april 1993 at the clinic for infectious disease in sarajevo were hospitalized 213 patients. the major causative agents were different kinds of shigella. shigella sonnei with 159 (74.6%) was the most frequent isolated organism, then subsequent shigella species with 38 (23.9%) and shigella flexneri 3 with 23 (14.5%). bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) was manifested as acute gastroenteritis with 60 patients (37.7%). this disease was manifested in the form of acu ... | 1994 | 7967796 |
| mutational analysis of the transcriptional activator virg of agrobacterium tumefaciens. | to find virg proteins with altered properties, the virg gene was mutagenized. random chemical mutagenesis of single-stranded dna containing the agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene led with high frequency to the inactivation of the gene. sequence analysis showed that 29% of the mutants contained a virg gene with one single-base-pair substitution somewhere in the open reading frame. thirty-nine different mutations that rendered the virg protein inactive were mapped. besides these inactive mutants, ... | 1994 | 7961391 |
| regulation of surface presentation of icsa, a shigella protein essential to intracellular movement and spread, is growth phase dependent. | after lysing the phagocytic vacuole, shigella spp. accumulate filaments of polymerized actin on their surface at one pole, leading to the formation of actin tails that enable them to move through the cytoplasm. we have recently demonstrated that the shigella protein icsa is located at the pole that is adjacent to the growing end of the actin tail (m. b. goldberg, o. barzu, c. parsot, and p. j. sansonetti, j. bacteriol. 175:2189-2196, 1993). not every bacterium that is observed within the cytopla ... | 1994 | 7960150 |
| shigella flexneri: from in vitro invasion of epithelial cells to infection of the intestinal barrier. | 1994 | 7958310 | |
| the secretion of the shigella flexneri ipa invasins is activated by epithelial cells and controlled by ipab and ipad. | shigella species are enteropathogens that invade epithelial cells of the human colon. entry into epithelial cells is triggered by the ipab, ipac and ipad proteins which are translocated into the medium through the specific mxi-spa machinery. in vitro, shigella cells secrete only a small fraction of the ipa proteins, the majority of which remains in the cytoplasm. we show here that upon interaction with cultured epithelial cells or in the presence of fetal bovine serum, s.flexneri release pre-syn ... | 1994 | 7957095 |
| extracellular association and cytoplasmic partitioning of the ipab and ipac invasins of s. flexneri. | shigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invading colonic epithelial cells. ipab and ipac, two major invasins of these pathogens, are secreted into the extracellular milieu. we show here that ipab and ipac form a complex in the extracellular medium and that each binds independently to a 17 kda polypeptide, ipgc, in the bacterial cytoplasm. the ipgc polypeptide was found to be necessary for bacterial entry into epithelial cells, to stabilize the otherwise unstable ipab protein, and ... | 1994 | 7954817 |
| lps injected into the pregnant rat late in gestation does not induce fetal endotoxemia. | endotoxin is abortifacient. abortion may be due to maternal, fetal or combined endotoxemia. the present study was performed to evaluate if fetal rat endotoxemia was induced by maternal endotoxemia in late gestation. an intraperitoneal injection of smooth lipopolysaccharide (escherichia coli lps and shigella flexneri lps) or rough lps (rc mutant escherichia coli lps) induced limulus activity in maternal plasma, but not fetal plasma. these results suggest that fetal rat endotoxemia is not induced ... | 1994 | 7953189 |
| [the effect of shigellae on delayed hypersensitivity in mice infected by different routes]. | the influence of virulent and avirulent shigellae on delayed hypersensitivity in the case of infection by different methods has been examined. it was found that the stimulating effect of avirulent shigellae and suppressive effect of virulent shigellae were displayed after intranasal infection. intraperitoneal and intravenous infection was accompanied by only immunosuppressive influence, which was displayed by the virulent bacteria. the discrimination of t-suppressors by low doses of cyclophospha ... | 1994 | 7952228 |
| molecular cloning of the wild-type and mutant thya gene from shigella flexneri y. | the thya gene which codes for thymidylate synthase has been cloned and sequenced from the wild-type shigella flexneri y strain sh4 and a thya mutant tsf21 after amplifying the gene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the nucleotide sequence revealed 98% homology to the e. coli k-12 thya gene. the sequence of the wild-type thya gene of shigella flexneri y was identical with that of the thya mutant except that the residue t at position 345 was replaced by residue a in the thya mutant. this change ... | 1994 | 7935051 |
| hyper-invasive mutants define a novel pho-regulated invasion pathway in escherichia coli. | we have isolated two transposon insertion mutations of the pst-phou operon which result in the constitutive expression of the phoa gene product, alkaline phosphatase. the two mutations also render escherichia coli invasive towards cultured hep-2 cells and define a novel pho-regulated invasion pathway. the presence of the large 'invasion' plasmid derived from an entero-invasive e. coli (eiec) clinical isolate in these mutants leads to enhanced invasiveness toward cultured hep-2 cells, a phenomeno ... | 1993 | 7934862 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of shigella flexneri 2a infections on a cruise ship. | 1994 | 7933412 | |
| dna rearrangement of the shufflon determines recipient specificity in liquid mating of inci1 plasmid r64. | the shufflon is a unique dna rearrangement found in plasmid r64. r64 shufflon consists of four dna segments, which are flanked and separated by seven 19-bp repeat sequences. site-specific recombination between any inverted repeats results in a complex dna rearrangement where four dna segments invert independently or in groups. the shufflon is a biological switch to select one of the seven c-terminal segments of the pilv gene. to examine the biological significance of the shufflon, r64 derivative ... | 1994 | 7932741 |
| effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on virulence factors of shigella flexneri 2a and escherichia coli o124. | the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of rifampicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nalidixic acid on the interaction of shigella flexneri 2a and escherichia coli o124 with hela cells was examined. antimicrobial agents altered adhesion, penetration and intracellular multiplication of the bacteria, as well as re-infection of adjacent cells. chloramphenicol increased the virulence of the bacterial strains whereas nalidixic acid, tetracycline and rifampicin diminished it. | 1994 | 7932621 |
| acute inflammation causes epithelial invasion and mucosal destruction in experimental shigellosis. | the gram-negative pathogen shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery, an invasive disease of the human colonic mucosa. a major characteristic of the infectious process is the occurrence of an acute inflammatory reaction of mucosal tissues which is generally consequence of primary invasion and destruction of colonic epithelial cells by the pathogen. confirming in vitro demonstration that s. flexneri is unable to invade the apical pole of colonic cells and that polymorphonuclear (pmn) cells may ... | 1994 | 7931064 |
| involvement of escherichia coli dna polymerase ii in response to oxidative damage and adaptive mutation. | dna polymerase ii (pol ii) is regulated as part of the sos response to dna damage in escherichia coli. we examined the participation of pol ii in the response to oxidative damage, adaptive mutation, and recombination. cells lacking pol ii activity (polb delta 1 mutants) exhibited 5- to 10-fold-greater sensitivity to mode 1 killing by h2o2 compared with isogenic polb+ cells. survival decreased by about 15-fold when polb mutants containing defective superoxide dismutase genes, soda and sodb, were ... | 1994 | 7928992 |
| enhancement of anti-shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) response by addition of the cholera toxin b subunit to oral and intranasal proteosome-shigella flexneri 2a lps vaccines. | addition of the cholera toxin b subunit to oral and intranasal proteosome-shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide vaccines improved their immunogenicities. enhancement of anti-o-shigella immunoglobulin a levels was most evident in lung lavages following oral immunization and in lung and intestinal fluids when suboptimal doses were used with either immunization route. | 1994 | 7927807 |
| construction and characterization of attenuated delta aroa delta virg shigella flexneri 2a strain cvd 1203, a prototype live oral vaccine. | we engineered an oral shigella vaccine prototype that can invade intestinal epithelial cells but cannot undergo extensive intracellular replication or extend to adjacent epithelial cells. strain cvd 1203, derived from wild-type shigella flexneri 2a by introducing deletions in chromosomal aroa and invasion plasmid virg, was highly attenuated in the sereny test. two 10(9)-cfu orogastric doses (2 weeks apart) stimulated production of secretory immunoglobulin a antibodies to s. flexneri 2a and prote ... | 1994 | 7927802 |
| is protection against shigellosis induced by natural infection with plesiomonas shigelloides? | shigellosis due to shigella sonnei is rare among people growing up and living in developing countries; however, infections due to s sonnei becomes more common than those due to s flexneri as societies develop economically. the relation between risk of s sonnei infection and economic development may be explained by the exposure of developing-country populations to plesiomonas shigelloides. p shigelloides is often found in surface water, and one serotype (serotype 17) possesses a cell-wall lipopol ... | 1994 | 7910890 |
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration promotes invasion of colonic epithelial monolayer by shigella flexneri. | in vivo and in vitro, shigella flexneri, an invasive pathogen of the human colon, cannot invade epithelial cells through their apical pole. to identify ways by which it may reach the cellular basolateral domain in order to invade, we have established an assay using the human colonic t-84 cell line grown on permeable filters. human pmn were added to the basal pole of the cells, and invasive shigellae to their apical pole. apical addition of bacteria induced strong transmigration of pmn, reaching ... | 1994 | 7906696 |
| the occurrence of duplicate lysyl-trna synthetase gene homologs in escherichia coli and other procaryotes. | the lysyl-trna synthetase (lysrs) system of escherichia coli k-12 consists of two genes, lyss, which is constitutive, and lysu, which is inducible. it is of importance to know how extensively the two-gene lysrs system is distributed in procaryotes, in particular, among members of the family enterobacteriaceae. to this end, the enterics e. coli k-12 and b; e. coli reference collection (ecor) isolates ec2, ec49, ec65, and ec68; shigella flexneri; salmonella typhimurium; klebsiella pneumoniae; ente ... | 1995 | 7896714 |
| cleavage of shigella surface protein virg occurs at a specific site, but the secretion is not essential for intracellular spreading. | the large plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein virg (icsa) of shigella flexneri is essential for bacterial spreading by eliciting polar deposition of filamentous actin (f-actin) in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. recent studies have indicated that virg is located at one pole on the surface of the bacterium and secreted into the culture supernatant and that in host cells it is localized along the length of the f-actin tail. the roles of these virg phenotypes in bacterial spreading still rema ... | 1995 | 7896693 |
| safety and immunogenicity of the oral e. coli k12-s. flexneri 2a vaccine (ecsf2a-2) among israeli soldiers. | a double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out on the safety and immunogenicity of the oral shigella flexneri (ecsf2a-2) vaccine among israeli soldiers. sixty volunteers received the vaccine and 59 received placebo. fifty-three were given the full vaccine regimen (four doses). doses ranged between 4.1 x 10(8) and 1.1 x 10(9) c.f.u. visits to the unit clinic for mild gastrointestinal symptoms were common after the first dose in vaccinees (13%) as compared with placebo recipients (5%), bu ... | 1994 | 7887022 |
| [the etiological structure of shigellosis in monkeys of the adler nursery]. | 1994 | 7879549 | |
| [an analysis of the plasmid profile of shigella flexneri strains used for obtaining vaccinal preparations]. | 1994 | 7879547 | |
| [an evaluation of the efficacy of measures to limit the activity of the water factor in the transmission of shigellosis in the city of blagoveshchensk]. | 1994 | 7879538 | |
| [the role of the activity of pathogenic enterobacteria in inactivating the antibacterial constituent of interferon during phagocytosis]. | 1994 | 7879491 | |
| model for the combined effects of temperature, initial ph, sodium chloride and sodium nitrite concentrations on anaerobic growth of shigella flexneri. | a fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (12-37 degrees c), initial ph (5.5-7.5), nacl (0.5-4.0%) and nano2 (0-1000 ppm) on the anaerobic growth kinetics of shigella flexneri in brain-heart infusion broth. anaerobic conditions were established by flushing the culture flasks with n2. a total of 375 cultures representing 124 variable combinations were analyzed, with growth curves being generated using the gompertz equation. growth rates decrease ... | 1994 | 7873336 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates causing traveler's diarrhea. | shigella isolates were identified as a cause of traveler's diarrhea in 67 (10%) of 675 patients and were tested for resistance to seven antimicrobial agents in a comparative study with those causing nontraveler's diarrhea in spain. ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistance was more frequent in shigella flexneri (60 and 46%, respectively) than in shigella sonnei (32 and 18%, respectively) and in travel-related isolates (p < 0.05 and 0.04, respectively). of s. sonnei isolates from patients with tr ... | 1994 | 7872767 |
| [triple shigellosis in the same patient contracted during operation "turquoise" in rwanda]. | we report a case of shigellosis observed in a young french sanitary assistant, returning from a refugees camp in goma after a 5-week stay. three different species were isolated from stool samples: shigella flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei. this observation raises the matter of a chemical prophylaxis during a short stay in developing countries where sanitary conditions are poor. | 1994 | 7866040 |
| thermoregulation of virb transcription in shigella flexneri by sensing of changes in local dna superhelicity. | transcription of the virb gene, a transcriptional regulator of invasion genes on the large plasmid of shigella flexneri, is strictly regulated by growth temperature; when bacteria are grown at 37 degrees c, virb transcription is highly activated, while at 30 degrees c the level of virb transcription decreases to less than 5% of that at 37 degrees c. transcription from the virb promoter is activated by virf, which is encoded on the same plasmid, in a dna superhelicity-dependent manner (t. tobe, m ... | 1995 | 7860590 |
| shigella flexneri: genetics of entry and intercellular dissemination in epithelial cells. | 1994 | 7859507 | |
| shigellosis in jordanian children: a clinico-epidemiologic prospective study and susceptibility to antibiotics. | during a 2-year prospective study of children hospitalized with gastroenteritis, shigellosis was detected in 66 cases (9 per cent of 726 admissions). the age group for peak shigella incidence was 1-4 years. the incidence increased from 8 per cent in 1991, to 11 per cent in 1992. shigella flexneri was the most common isolate (65 per cent), followed by shigella sonnei (17 per cent), shigella boydi (11 per cent), and shigella dysenteriae (7 per cent). at presentation, 44 per cent had watery diarrho ... | 1994 | 7853441 |
| plasmid profiles of shigella and salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhoeic humans in ibadan, nigeria. | clinical isolates of shigella flexneri, s. dysentariae, s. boydii and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. most of the isolates harboured more than one plasmid ranging in molecular size from 1.3 to 36.1 x 10(6) daltons. very large plasmids were not encountered. | 1993 | 7839920 |
| [the blood circulation of the rectal mucosa and the functional status of the rectal sphincter in acute infectious enterocolitis]. | significant decrease in the tone of the rectal mucosa venules was to be seen at the climax of acute proteus and klebsiella enterocolitis, as evidenced by examinations with the aid of rheorectograph and an analyzer of intracavitary motor activity, general blood supply to the intestinal segment under study being not compromised. the tone of the rectal mucous membrane arterioles is raised at the climax of acute dysentery caused by a flexner type of organism in erosive and haemorrhagic proctosigmoid ... | 1994 | 7831889 |
| [epidemics and history: the berlin 1962 dysentery epidemic]. | 1994 | 7825366 | |
| functional conservation among members of the salmonella typhimurium inva family of proteins. | inva, which is essential for salmonella spp. to enter cultured epithelial cells, is a member of a family of proteins involved in either flagellar biosynthesis or the secretion of virulence determinants by a number of plant and mammalian pathogens. the predicted overall secondary structures of these proteins show significant similarities and indicate a modular construction with a hydrophobic amino-terminal half, consisting of six to eight potential transmembrane domains, and a hydrophilic carboxy ... | 1995 | 7822051 |
| caulobacter fliq and flir membrane proteins, required for flagellar biogenesis and cell division, belong to a family of virulence factor export proteins. | the caulobacter crescentus fliq and flir genes encode membrane proteins that have a role in an early step of flagellar biogenesis and belong to a family of proteins implicated in the export of virulence factors. these include the mopd and mope proteins from erwinia carotovora, the spa9 and spa29 proteins from shigella flexneri, and the yscs protein from yersinia pestis. inclusion in this family of proteins suggests that fliq and flir may participate in an export pathway required for flagellum as ... | 1995 | 7814323 |
| persistence of local cytokine production in shigellosis in acute and convalescent stages. | shigella infection is accompanied by an intestinal activation of epithelial cells, t cells, and macrophages within the inflamed colonic mucosa. a prospective study was carried out to elucidate the cytokine pattern in shigella infection linked to development of immunity and eradication of bacteria from the local site and also to correlate the cytokine profile with histological severity. an indirect immunohistochemical technique was used to determine the production and localization of various cyto ... | 1995 | 7806368 |
| acute bacterial diarrhoea in the emergency room: therapeutic implications of stool culture results. | empiric treatment with ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin has been recommended recently for patients with acute diarrhoeal disease. in a retrospective 6-month study period the results of stool cultures from 209 patients with acute diarrhoea admitted to the emergency room were analysed. seventy-eight cultures (37%) were positive for one or more bacteria. shigella was the most commonly isolated pathogen (68%). shigella sonnei comprised 72% and shigella flexneri 19% of all the bacterial isolates. while ... | 1994 | 7804582 |
| overexpression of the shigella flexneri genes coding for dna topoisomerase iv compensates for loss of dna topoisomerase i: effect on virulence gene expression. | introducing the escherichia coli topa20::tn10 allele to shigella flexneri results in osmotic sensitivity, a reduced growth rate, an increase in reporter plasmid supercoiling (all common to the e. coli mutants), an inability to grow on macconkey agar and a loss of virulence gene expression. e. coli mutants harbouring this topa allele often compensate for the loss of dna topoisomerase i by amplifying the genes coding for topoisomerase iv. unlike the e. coli topa mutants, derivatives of s. flexneri ... | 1995 | 7783621 |
| a common-source outbreak of shigellosis involving a piped public water supply in northern thai communities. | we report an epidemiological investigation of an explosive common-source water-borne shigellosis outbreak traced to a piped public water system in northern thai communities. in august 1991, 242 cases of acute diarrhoeal illness occurred in sam ngao subdistrict, tak province. about 30% of the cases were culture-positive for multiresistant shigella flexneri 2a. the outbreak affected all age groups, with the highest attack rate (9.4%) in children < 5 years old. the first ten cases occurred during 1 ... | 1995 | 7783269 |
| contact of shigella with host cells triggers release of ipa invasins and is an essential function of invasiveness. | the invasion of colonic epithelial cells by shigella, an early essential step for causing bacillary dysentery, is mediated by the ipab, ipac and ipad proteins. secretion of the ipa proteins from shigella requires functions encoded by the mxi and spa loci. in this study, we show that contact between the bacteria and epithelial cell triggers release of the ipa proteins into the external medium, which results in a rapid decrease in levels of ipa proteins presented on the cell surface. when the bact ... | 1995 | 7781600 |
| [bactericidal effect of hydrated lime in aqueous solution]. | this study determined the bactericidal effect of the supernatants of saturated solutions of common lime and of micronized calcium hydroxide (ca(oh)2) (1500 mg/l), which was used as a control, compared with disinfectants made of solutions of 0.33% colloidal silver (0.0016 mg/l), toluene sulfachloramine (41 mg/l) with sodium bicarbonate (9 mg/l), and sodium hypochlorite (5 mg/l). the test involved four strains of vibrio cholerae 01, v. parahaemolyticus, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, sh ... | 1995 | 7779285 |
| [new methodological approaches to the use of the pha reaction in determining anti-shigella antibodies]. | pronounced correlation between the titers of hemagglutinating antibodies to different types of shigellae and other bacteria in healthy persons and in sick persons of control groups has been established. on the basis of this regularity a new approach to the use of the passive hemagglutination test in shigellosis, taking into account the ratio of antibody titers to different shigella types, has been developed. this essentially increases the sensitivity and specificity of the test, thus making it p ... | 1995 | 7778383 |
| [the role of the outer membrane proteins, determined by the shigella flexneri invasiveness plasmid, in inducing cellular immune reactions]. | fractions of s.flexneri 2a 516 outer membrane proteins determined by plasmid psf140 have been shown to possess immunomodulating activity and to be capable of influencing the intensity of hematopoiesis, manifested by the stimulation of endocolony formation, the increase of the amount of splenic colony-forming units in the marrow, the increase of the pool of proliferating splenic colony-forming units of the marrow and their intensive migration into the blood. outer membrane proteins have been show ... | 1995 | 7778372 |
| identification of bacterial genes that contribute to survival and growth in an intracellular environment. | 1995 | 7773592 |