Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| localisation of enteropathogens in paraffin embedded tissue by immunoperoxidase. | an indirect immunoperoxidase technique has been used to identify enteropathogens in formol-sublimate fixed paraffin embedded sections of calf intestine. infections with bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, newbury agent srv -1, and k99+ escherichia coli have been detected in the intestines from experimentally infected and conventially reared diarrhoeic or normal calves. the ability to visualize enteropathogenic agents in histological sections resulted in the demonstration of virus infected cell ... | 1984 | 6373836 |
| [effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin and bovine igg on the establishment of escherichia coli in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice and human newborn infants]. | the bacteriostatic effect of the association bovine lactoferrin (lf) and bovine igg (igg) was studied in vitro and in vivo against two escherichia coli strains, s17 and emo1, isolated from the faecal flora of mouse and man, respectively. these two strains were sensitive in vitro to the bacteriostatic effect of lf + igg. a kinetic study of the in vivo establishment of e. coli s17 was followed in axenic mice associated with that strain. seven hours after inoculation, no difference was observed in ... | 1983 | 6372577 |
| hydrogen peroxide-mediated antagonism against serratia marcescens by streptococcus mitis. | the alpha-hemolytic streptococcus mitis strain no. 17-1, isolated from the oral cavity of an healthy female adult, antagonized the growth of all 24 test strains of serratia marcescens examined; furthermore, this strain inhibited the growth of various strains of staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, listeria monocytogenes, and corynebacterium diphtheriae. however, strans of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebs ... | 1983 | 6372321 |
| study of several factors affecting the agglutinating activity of k99-positive escherichia coli strains. | the effect of several factors on escherichia coli k99-plasmid associated agglutination has been studied. the results obtained indicate that escherichia coli 637 (k99+) mediated red blood cell agglutination is unspecific although the agglutination titres for several erythrocyte species are significantly different. the agglutination is highly stable (at least with sheep red blood cells) to changes in temperature (from 4 degrees c to 37 degrees c), to changes in ph (from 5 to 9) and to the presence ... | 1983 | 6371953 |
| [a field experiment using e. coli-k99 vaccine]. | in a field experiment in which vaccine containing e. coli-k99 antigen were administered to approximately thirty per cent of the pregnant dairy cows in herds in which the calves were affected with scours, during the first five days of life (the other animals were treated with a placebo), following results were obtained: the colostrum of vaccinated cows contained significantly higher concentrations of immunoglobulins to e. coli-k99 than did that of controls (table 1). from the start of the experim ... | 1984 | 6369623 |
| does the dna methylase eco dam pair nucleotide sequences to form site-specific duplexes? | the eco dam methylase is active on denatured dna and single-stranded synthetic oligonucleotides containing gatc sites. the results suggest that on interaction with single-stranded oligonucleotides the eco dam methylase is able to form a duplex structure within the gatc site, and that this duplex site is a substrate for enzyme. | 1984 | 6368265 |
| kinetic measurements of escherichia coli rna polymerase association with bacteriophage t7 early promoters. | during infection of escherichia coli by bacteriophage t7, e. coli rna polymerase utilizes only three promoters (a1, a2, and a3). in vitro, the a promoters predominate at very low polymerase concentration, but at higher polymerase concentration the minor b, c, d, and e promoters are used with equal efficiency. the binding constant for the initial association of polymerase with promoters and the forward rate of isomerization to an "open" complex capable of initiation have been measured for the a1, ... | 1984 | 6363413 |
| experimental mastitis with escherichia coli: sequential response of leukocytes and opsonic activity in milk of immunised and unimmunised cows. | two immunised and three unimmunised cows were challenged in a single mammary gland with 10(4) colony forming units of the vaccinal escherichia coli strain. immunisation comprised subcutaneous injection of killed bacteria with adjuvant at drying-off, and one intramammary infusion (without adjuvant) five weeks later. somatic-cell counts and bacterial counts were monitored throughout the experiment. bactericidal and opsonic properties of milk were assessed before inoculation and at 6, 12, and 24 h ... | 1983 | 6362543 |
| changes in penetrability of bovine papillary duct to endotoxin after milking. | the relative penetrability of bovine papillary ducts was assayed using frequency of inflammatory response to implantation of escherichia coli endotoxin at a depth of 3 mm. penetrability immediately after machine milking, compared with penetrability after delays of 10 to 480 minutes, indicated a decrease in frequency of penetrability to a minimum at 2 hours after milking, a decrease of about 75%. four and 8 hours after milking, frequency of penetrability increased to about 55% of that measured im ... | 1983 | 6362500 |
| effect of salicylates on intestinal secretion in calves given (intestinal loops) escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. | the inhibitory effect of salicylates on intestinal secretion in 1- to 5-day-old calves given escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (st)-induced intestinal fluid response was investigated. purified st was diluted in isotonic saline solution to obtain 1:10, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, and 1:100 dilutions. each dilution (1 ml) was inoculated into ligated loops in the distal part of the jejunum of each calf. acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) given orally (100 mg/kg) at 4 hours before st was inoculated did not ... | 1983 | 6362497 |
| detection of enzymatic activities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels: dna polymerases as model enzymes. | recent techniques for detecting the catalytic activity of enzymes in sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gels have been hampered by lack of reproducibility associated with variability in commercial sds preparations. simple expedients which facilitate reproducible detection of dna polymerase activity and which appear to be widely applicable to detection of other enzymes are reported here. it was observed that reproducibility of a reported procedure for dna polymerase detection (spanos, a. ... | 1983 | 6362484 |
| single-cell partition analysis--a direct fluorescence technique for examining ligand-macromolecule interactions. | single-cell partition analysis is described as a novel technique for examining ligand-macromolecule interactions. this procedure is a combination of the classical fluorescence titration technique and phase-partition techniques and allows three separate methods for calculating and comparing both free and bound drug concentrations. the value of this technique is demonstrated by the comparison of the binding properties of the potent antitumor antibiotic adriamycin and ethidium bromide to nucleic ac ... | 1983 | 6362483 |
| the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of enteritis associated with rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli infections in domestic animals. | rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) are enteropathogens each capable of inducing diarrhoea in some animal species and man. unstressed young animals develop an age-related resistance to infection with either rotavirus or etec which differs for each animal species. the effects of experimental infection of calves, lambs, foals and piglets with rotavirus and etec given either alone or in combination, have been examined. in general, dual infections tended to lengthen the period of a ... | 1983 | 6361857 |
| dna primase associated with 10 s dna polymerase alpha from calf thymus. | among multiple subspecies of dna polymerase alpha of calf thymus, only 10 s dna polymerase alpha had a capacity to initiate dna synthesis on an unprimed single-stranded, circular m13 phage dna in the presence of ribonucleoside triphosphates (dna primase activity). the primase was copurified with 10 s dna polymerase alpha through the purification and both activities cosedimented at 10 s through gradients of either sucrose or glycerol. furthermore, these two activities were immunoprecipitated at a ... | 1983 | 6360214 |
| mastitis caused by hemolytic escherichia coli in the ferret. | hemolytic escherichia coli was isolated from the mammary glands of 8 ferrets with gangrenous mastitis. clinical signs included firm swelling of one or more mammary glands and discoloration of the overlying skin. peracute disease and acute septicemia were observed, and in some cases the animals rapidly became moribund. antibiotic therapy alone did not alter the course of the disease. wide surgical resection of the involved glands in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy (ampicillin 10 mg/k ... | 1983 | 6358164 |
| protection of calves against fatal enteric colibacillosis by orally administered escherichia coli k99-specific monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody (mca) to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k99 antigen agglutinated k99+ enterotoxigenic e. coli strains b44 (o9:k30;k99;f41:h-) and b41 (o101:k99;f41:h-) grown at 37 degrees c but not at 18 degrees c. the mca, which was characterized as immunoglobulin g1, reacted specifically with k99 antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and precipitated radiolabeled k99 antigen. a total of 45 colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves were used in three separate trials to deter ... | 1983 | 6358029 |
| increase in specific opsonic activity in bovine milk following experimental escherichia coli mastitis. | an infection in a single bovine mammary quarter with a capsulated escherichia coli stimulated a long lasting opsonic activity for the phagocytosis and killing of the homologous strain by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. the induced activity was associated with increases in the igm fraction and an appearance of activity in the igg2 fraction. the capsular polysaccharide was the major inducing antigen, with the immune whey showing opsonic activity for other strains of e coli with antigenically similar ... | 1983 | 6356257 |
| the effect of antibiotics on mannose-resistant haemagglutination by k88- and k99-positive escherichia coli strains. | five e. coli strains carrying k99 antigen isolated from the intestines of calves which had succumbed to diarrhoea and six k88-positive strains isolated from fatal cases of diarrhoea in piglets were examined for their mannose-resistant haemagglutination (mrha) capacity against pig erythrocytes. the bovine strains showed a geometric mean mrha-titre of 1/18 and the porcine strains one of 1/45. similar experiments were carried out after addition of the following antibiotics in doubling dilutions: am ... | 1983 | 6355504 |
| hemolytic complement titers and complement c3 levels in endotoxin-induced mastitis. | escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide b was instilled through the lactiferous duct of cows to induce acute mastitis. hemolytic complement (c) activity and c3 concentrations were determined in blood serum and in renninprecipitated whey before, and at certain times after, mastitis was induced. hemolytic complement activity was detected in the whey only during the first 36 hours after endotoxin was instilled, whereas activity was not seen before and 48 or more hours after the endotoxin was given. the ... | 1983 | 6354013 |
| determination of nanogram quantities of osmium-labeled nucleic acids by stripping (inverse) voltammetry. | modification of nucleic acids with oso4 in the presence of pyridine results in a formation of a covalently bound electroactive center in a polynucleotide chain detectable by polarographic (voltammetric) methods. it has been shown that dna modified with osmium (dna-os) accumulates at the hanging mercury-drop electrode during a waiting time in a wide range of potentials between 0 and -1.0 v (against the saturated calomel electrode) and produce at neutral ph a well-developed reduction peak at about ... | 1983 | 6353997 |
| [colonization factors in escherichia isolated from children with acute intestinal diseases]. | the occurrence of colonization factors cfai/cfaii in 621 e. coli strains isolated from the feces of 147 children with acute intestinal diseases and in 295 e. coli cultures isolated from 59 practically healthy children aged up to 1 year was studied by means of the slide hemagglutination test with a 3% human group b red cell suspension (cfai) and a 3% bovine red cell suspension (cfaii) with 1% d-mannose added. escherichia strains with colonization factors cfai/cfaii were detected in 38 out of 147 ... | 1983 | 6353816 |
| [circular dichroism of the complexes between poly-l-lysine and dna with different gc contents]. | studies were carried out of circular dichroism spectra of the complexes between poly-l-lysine (pl) and calf thymus dna, e. coli dna, t2--and t7--phage dna, modiolus sp. dna. the results indicate that pl more strongly changes at--dna conformation as compared to gc dna conformation. this change correlates with the size of minimal pl clusters on dna investigated. sequence of dna bases produces almost no effect on conformational changes caused by the complex-formation with pl. | 1983 | 6351932 |
| experimental mastitis with escherichia coli: kinetics of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. | three dairy cows were infected on a single mammary gland with 10(4) colony forming units of serum resistant escherichia coli. the inflammatory reaction was monitored by sampling the inoculated glands at 2 h intervals during the first 16 h post-inoculation, then at each milking for five days. spontaneous sterilization occurred after an initial phase of rapid bacterial growth. bovine serum albumin and transferrin (tr) milk levels rose and fell simultaneously, whereas the increase in lactoferrin (l ... | 1983 | 6351707 |
| protective effects of antibody against intestinal invasion by escherichia coli. | seven escherichia coli isolates from newborn calves with diarrhea were examined for enteropathogenic properties. one isolate penetrated into hela cells, four produced enterotoxin(s) and the remaining two possessed neither of these properties. penetration of e. coli into hela cells was inhibited by antibody in bovine colostrum and in bovine and rabbit immune sera. the effective antibodies appeared to be mostly of the igm class. the invasion by e. coli isolates was also examined by inoculation of ... | 1983 | 6350831 |
| prospects for development and use of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques with ruminal bacteria. | over the last decade, developments in recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques and molecular biology have revolutionized bacterial genetics, creating vast, new potential uses of bacteria (as well as animal and plant cells) that were not even considered previously. bacterial production of hormones is but one example. with bacterial species with well developed genetic systems, such as escherichia coli, it is now possible genetically to "design" or "engineer" bacterial strains having specific c ... | 1983 | 6350393 |
| the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin on the in vitro antimicrobial and iron-binding properties of lactoferrin in human milk and bovine colostrum. unusual resistance of human apolactoferrin to proteolytic digestion. | the susceptibility of lactoferrin in bovine colostrum and human milk to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin has been investigated. neither enzyme had much effect on the lactoferrin-mediated antimicrobial activity of human milk, and the iron binding capacity of lactoferrin in the milk was only slightly reduced. likewise both enzymes had only a slight effect on the iron-binding capacity of purified lactoferrin. although iron-free (apo)lactoferrin was slightly more susceptible to digestion, espec ... | 1983 | 6349699 |
| isolation and characterization of protease do from escherichia coli, a large serine protease containing multiple subunits. | a new cytoplasmic proteolytic enzyme in escherichia coli, named protease do, has been purified to near homogeneity. the enzyme is an endoprotease that degrades casein, denatured bovine serum albumin, and globin but shows little or no hydrolytic activity against insulin, growth hormone, native bovine serum albumin, or a variety of commonly used peptide substrates. the molecular size of the enzyme was large, and it could be isolated in different preparations in either of two forms. one showed a mo ... | 1983 | 6347072 |
| prognosis for cows with severe clinical coliform mastitis. | a retrospective study was performed at the new york state college of veterinary medicine, ambulatory clinic to determine the prognosis for cows with peracute or acute coliform mastitis. eighty-eight cows were identified by their clinical signs and positive culture of coliform organisms. in 59.1 per cent of the affected cows the quarters returned to a milk-like secretion approximately one month following treatment. the 59.1 per cent was composed of 37.5 per cent (of the initial 88 cows), which mi ... | 1983 | 6346657 |
| the effect of escherichia coli endotoxin and culture filtrate on the dry bovine mammary gland. | the mammary glands of eight non-lactating dairy cows were infused with either endotoxin or the sterile culture filtrate in which escherichia coli had been grown (ccf). animals were necropsied at intervals up to 24 h after infusion. only mild inflammation of the teat and lactiferous sinuses occurred after 4 h, subsiding gradually to 24 h. after mixing dry cow secretion with either endotoxin or ccf, an intense inflammatory response was produced on inoculation of quarters of a lactating cow; ccf al ... | 1983 | 6345601 |
| depurination-induced infidelity of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis with purified deoxyribonucleic acid replication proteins in vitro. | removal of purine bases from phi x174 single-stranded dna leads to increased reversion frequency of amber mutations when this dna is copied in vitro with purified dna polymerases. this depurination-induced mutagenesis is observed at three different genetic loci and with several different purified enzymes, including escherichia coli dna polymerases i and iii, avian myeloblastosis virus dna polymerase, and eukaryotic dna polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma. the extent of mutagenesis correlates with ... | 1983 | 6344919 |
| depression of b-lymphocytes by mastitis and treatment with levamisole. | proportion of b-lymphocytes in milk and blood decreased simultaneously with development of mastitis induced with endotoxin and recovered with disappearance of clinical signs. however, the change in t-lymphocytes was slight. the reduced percentage of b-lymphocytes was caused by reduction in absolute number of such cells. when used orally, levamisole increased the proportion b-lymphocytes of milk to the same as or more than that of similar cells in peripheral blood. this compound may enhance activ ... | 1983 | 6341425 |
| cellular uptake and inhibition of dna synthesis by dihydroxyanthraquinone and two analogues. | three analogues of aminoalkylamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, namely, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis(((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino))-9,10-anthracenedione (dhaq), 1-hydroxy-5,8-bis(((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino))-9,10-anthracenedione (haq), and 1,4-bis(((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino))-9,10-anthracenedione (aq), were chosen with respect to the number of hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring. dhaq showed about 100 times more potent antiproliferative activity on cultured ... | 1983 | 6339045 |
| relationship between penetrability of the papillary duct (teat) and phagocytic capability in lactating dairy cows. | to determine whether there is a reciprocal relationship between penetrability of the papillary duct of the teat (streak canal) and phagocytic capability, 3 cows with highly penetrable papillary ducts and 3 with ducts highly resistant against penetration were identified, using a penetrability assay. leukocytes harvested from milk from these cows were tested for their capability to phagocytose staphylococcus aureus. phagocytic capability was found to be independent of the ability of microorganisms ... | 1983 | 6338773 |
| protection against acute, ascending pyelonephritis caused by escherichia coli in rats, using isolated capsular antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin. | we found that isolated escherichia coli k13 antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin, in contrast to isolated, non-conjugated k13, was highly immunogenic and induced protection against acute pyelonephritis caused by e. coli o6k13h1 in rats. | 1983 | 6337094 |
| distantly related sequences in the alpha- and beta-subunits of atp synthase, myosin, kinases and other atp-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold. | the alpha- and beta-subunits of membrane-bound atp synthase complex bind atp and adp: beta contributes to catalytic sites, and alpha may be involved in regulation of atp synthase activity. the sequences of beta-subunits are highly conserved in escherichia coli and bovine mitochondria. also alpha and beta are weakly homologous to each other throughout most of their amino acid sequences, suggesting that they have common functions in catalysis. related sequences in both alpha and beta and in other ... | 1982 | 6329717 |
| plasmidial maintenance in rodent fibroblasts of a bpv1-pbr322 shuttle vector without immediately apparent oncogenic transformation of the recipient cells. | a recombinant plasmid was constructed (pv69) which comprises a subgenomic fragment of bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv1) dna, part of plasmid pbr322 dna and a drug resistance gene expressed in both mammalian fibroblasts and escherichia coli. this gene (vv2) is a modified form of the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neo) linked to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) promoter (plasmid pag60), to which the original bacterial neo promoter from transposon tn5 was added back, upstream ... | 1984 | 6325168 |
| an enhancer sequence from bovine papilloma virus dna consists of two essential regions. | a comprehensive structural analysis of an enhancer sequence from bovine papilloma virus dna is presented based on the construction and functional analysis of 20 mutant derivatives. the results, obtained in cv-1 tissue culture cells, show that this enhancer is a small genetic element--only 40 bp in length--that contains two essential regions. the two regions exhibit homology to each other and to dna fragments from other viral genomes that also act as enhancers in the assay used. however, there is ... | 1984 | 6324133 |
| clinical pharmacokinetics of carbenicillin, carfecillin, ticarcillin and bl-p 1654 in dairy cows. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of carbenicillin, ticarcillin and bl-p 1654 for gram-negative udder pathogens were determined using the agar plate dilution method. the mic of the drugs for 50% and 90% of the isolates examined ranged for escherichia coli and aerobacter spp. from 1.56 to 25 micrograms/ml, and for klebsiella spp. and pseudomonas spp. from 3.12 to 50 micrograms/ml. the serratia spp. were relatively non-susceptible for the drugs studied (mic greater than 50 micrograms/ml) ... | 1984 | 6323731 |
| poly(adp-ribosylation) of dna topoisomerase i from calf thymus. | we demonstrate that the activity of the major dna topoisomerase i from calf thymus is severely inhibited after modification by purified poly(adp-ribose) synthetase. polymeric chains of poly(adp-ribose) are covalently attached to dna topoisomerase i. these observations with highly purified enzymes suggest that poly(adp-ribosylation) may be a cellular mechanism for modulating dna topoisomerase i activity in response to the state of dna in the nucleus. although extensive poly(adp-ribosylation) of t ... | 1984 | 6323415 |
| kinetics and mechanism in the reaction of gene regulatory proteins with dna. | we have measured the kinetic properties of the escherichia coli camp receptor protein (cap) and lac repressor interacting with lac promoter restriction fragments. under our reaction conditions (10 mm-tris x hcl (ph 8.0 at 21 degrees c), 1 mm-edta, 10 microm-camp, 50 micrograms bovine serum albumin/ml, 5% glycerol), the association of cap is at least a two-step process, with an initial, unstable complex formed with rate constant kappa a = 5(+/- 2.5) x 10(7) m-1 s-1. subsequent formation of a stab ... | 1984 | 6319716 |
| influence of intramammary infusion of polymyxin b on the clinicopathologic course of endotoxin-induced mastitis. | the influence of giving 1 dose of polymyxin b (1.6 x 10(6) u/quarter) by the intramammary route to dairy cows to modify the clinicopathologic course of mastitis induced by intramammary infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin (1 mg/quarter) was examined. pretreatment with polymyxin b or its simultaneous administration reduced and delayed the typical febrile and leukopenic responses to endotoxin infusion, prevented an increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity and a reduction in plasma zinc ... | 1983 | 6312850 |
| migration of entamoeba histolytica under agarose. | a procedure for visualizing and quantifying motility of entamoeba histolytica by migration under agarose is described. agarose suspended in tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with bovine albumin was poured into plastic dishes and allowed to harden. six pairs of wells were cut out in a circular configuration. to the inner wells a suspension of e. histolytica in eagle's medium (24 x 10(6) cells/ml) was added, and to the outer wells a chemoattractant or the control medium. after overnight incub ... | 1983 | 6309025 |
| expression and regulation of a human metallothionein gene carried on an autonomously replicating shuttle vector. | a human metallothionein (mt) gene was inserted into a bovine papillomavirus (bpv) vector. the chimeric vector (pmtii-bpv) transforms rodent fibroblasts to a cadmium-resistant phenotype. the resistance is due to the high level of expression of human mt-ii in those cells. the vector is maintained in the cells as a free replicating plasmid, present at about 10--15 copies per cell. transcription of the episomal human mt-iia gene is initiated from its authentic start sites and is regulated by the lev ... | 1983 | 6306660 |
| synthesis of calf prochymosin (prorennin) in escherichia coli. | a gene for calf prochymosin (prorennin) has been reconstructed from chemically synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides and cloned dna copies of preprochymosin mrna. this gene has been inserted into a bacterial expression plasmid containing the escherichia coli tryptophan promoter and a bacterial ribosome binding site. induction of transcription from the tryptophan promoter results in prochymosin synthesis at a level of up to 5% of total protein. the enzyme has been purified from bacteria by extrac ... | 1983 | 6304731 |
| recovery of a hybrid vector, derived from bovine papilloma virus dna, pbr322 and the hsv tk gene, by bacterial transformation with extrachromosomal dna from transfected rodent cells. | a bovine papilloma virus (bpv)-pbr322-derived recombinant plasmid carrying a 2-kb fragment of herpes simplex virus dna containing the thymidine kinase (tk) gene is capable of transforming tk- cells of mouse l and syrian hamster bhk21 lines to tk+. in transformed cells a small proportion of the plasmid dna is present as extrachromosomal elements while the remainder appears to be integrated into the genome. it was possible to recover plasmids indistinguishable from the input dna by transformation ... | 1983 | 6303907 |
| the effect of ph, ubiquinone depletion and myxothiazol on the reduction kinetics of the prosthetic groups of ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase. | (1) the kinetics of the reduction by duroquinol of the prosthetic groups of qh2:cytochrome c oxidoreductase and of the formation of ubisemiquinone have been studied using a combination of the freeze-quench technique, low-temperature diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy, epr and stopped flow. (2) the formation of the antimycin-sensitive ubisemiquinone anion parallels the reduction of both high-potential and low-potential cytochrome b-562. (3) the rates of reduction of both the [2fe-2s] clusters and c ... | 1983 | 6299337 |
| the amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of atp synthase from bovine heart mitochondria. | the amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of bovine heart mitochondrial atp synthase has been determined by protein sequence analysis. the polypeptide chain of 478 amino acids is blocked at its nh2 terminal. comparison of this sequence with sequences of the corresponding proteins from escherichia coli (saraste, m., gay, n.j., eberle, a., runswick, m.j., and walker, j.e. (1981) nucleic acids res. 9, 5287-5296) and maize and spinach chloroplasts krebbers, e.t., larrinua, i. m., mcintosh, l., and ... | 1983 | 6298222 |
| inactivation of spermidine n1-acetyltransferase with alkaline phosphatase. | spermidine n1-acetyltransferase in an extract from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated bovine lymphocytes was inactivated by preincubation with alkaline phosphatase. inactivation of the acetylase with the phosphatase was totally inhibited by addition of pyrophosphate. these results suggest that spermidine n1-acetyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biodegradative pathway of polyamines, is inactivated by dephosphorylation. a similar effect of alkaline phosphatase on the acetylase in an extrac ... | 1982 | 6297970 |
| expression of cloned calf prochymosin gene sequence in escherichia coli. | an expression plasmid for calf prochymosin (prorennin) cdna was constructed. the plasmid (pcr301) contains the lacuv5 promoter in front of the fused gene in which the codons for the n-terminal four amino acids of prochymosin cdna were replaced with those for the n-terminal ten amino acids of beta-galactosidase. synthesis of the fused protein with the expected mr was detected immunologically in escherichia coli harboring pcr301. the product seemed to be localized in the cell membrane of the bacte ... | 1982 | 6295885 |
| biological activities and spectroscopic properties of chromophoric and fluorescent analogs of adenine nucleoside and nucleotides, 2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidene) adenosine derivatives. | the ribose-modified chromophoric and fluorescent analog of atp 2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidene) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (tnp-atp) has been synthesized previously (hiratsuka, t., and uchida, k. (1973) biochim. biophys. acta 320, 635-647 and hiratsuka, t. (1976) biochim. biophys. acta 453, 293-297). in the present study, four tnp-derivatives of atp, adp, amp and adenosine were synthesized and compared for several chemical, spectral and enzymatic properties. their visible absorption a ... | 1982 | 6295507 |
| specific molecular activities of recombinant and hybrid leukocyte interferons. | hybrid interferon dna recombinants were constructed from the iflra and iflrd leukocyte interferon-coding sequences. each of the hybrid interferons was purified with the use of a monoclonal antibody to human leukocyte interferon. three amino acid residues were identified, one or all of which function to potentiate antiviral activity on feline cells and reduce activity on human cells. because at sufficiently high concentrations human interferons can interact with mouse and rat receptors, it is app ... | 1982 | 6288687 |
| passive immunity in calf diarrhea: vaccination with k99 antigen of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotavirus. | twenty-four pregnant cows were vaccinated intramuscularly with k99 extract from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and inactivated rotavirus as follows: six cows were injected with 2 ml of oil-adjuvanted vaccine; six cows were injected with 0.5 ml of oil-adjuvanted vaccine; six cows were injected with 4 ml of aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccine twice with a four-week interval; and six cows were unvaccinated as controls. calves born to these cows were challenged with enterotoxigenic e. coli at 6 ... | 1982 | 6288567 |
| comparison of paired whole milk and dried filter paper samples for anti-enterotoxin and anti-rotavirus activities. | milk specimens, 75 from cows immunized against cholera toxin and 35 from a human population in which enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotaviral infections are endemic, were collected as paired filter paper and frozen whole milk samples. each pair was tested for antibody activity against heat-labile e. coli and vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. additionally, 12 of the 35 paired human milk samples stored as frozen whole milk and dried on filter paper were tested for anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin a ... | 1982 | 6286715 |
| chemotactic requirements of bovine leukocytes. | a system was described for studying bovine leukotaxis. chemotaxis was readily observed toward bovine serum activated by zymosan of agarose. however, bacterial culture filtrates and peptides, which were potent chemotaxins for leukocytes from other species, failed to affect bovine leukotaxis. using conditions suitable for studying binding to leukocytes from other species, specific binding of a radiolabeled chemotactic peptide to bovine leukocytes was not apparent. these data indicate that bovine l ... | 1982 | 6283962 |
| enzymatic mechanisms of dna repair. | dna repair proficiency in cells is expressed by various enzymes which can recognize damaged sites arising from exogenous agents or endogenous conditions. either a damaged base is recognized by dna glycosylases, partially removed by hemi-dna glycosylases acting on diadduct damage, or direct incision of the phosphodiester bond near the damaged site. incision at those apurinic or apyrimidinic sites arising from depurination-depyrimidination or glycosylase reactions is effected by apurinic or apyrim ... | 1981 | 6281649 |
| microbiological studies on hamburgers. | one hundred and eighty-two raw, 112 pre-cooked and 750 cooked hamburgers composed mainly of beef or beef and pork were subjected to microbiological examination.raw hamburgers gave total bacterial counts from 10(6) to 10(8) per g, counts of enterobacteriaceae from 10(4) to 10(6) per g, of escherichia coli from 10(3) to 10(5), of group d streptococci from 10(2) to 10(4), of staphylococcus aureus from 3 to 10(2) and of clostridium perfringens less than 10 bacteria per g. of the samples, 32% contain ... | 1982 | 6276464 |
| effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. | four procedures were used to evaluate the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) isolated from the blood of cattle experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus: (1) uptake of am emulsion of paraffin oil and escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, (2) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (3) chemiluminescence, and (4) iodination, or the conversion of iodide to a trichloroacetic acid-precipitable form. a marked impairment of iodination was consistently observed after infection w ... | 1981 | 6266288 |
| cyclic amp and permeability coefficient of albumin of the isolated rat mesentery. effects of escherichia coli endotoxin. | we have investigated the mechanisms whereby escherichia coli endotoxin exerts its exudative effects, by using an isolated rat mesentery placed as a separation membrane between the two compartments of a diffusion cell. the permeability coefficient of albumin (pa) can be easily computed from the equilibration rate of 125i-labeled albumin added to one compartment. e. coli endotoxin increased pa in a concentration-related manner. direct measurements revealed an early and transient increase in cyclic ... | 1981 | 6261834 |
| rotavirus infections in calves in dairy herds. | neonatal calf diarrhoea was studied in 115 calves of one dairy herd from january 1976 to june 1977. two syndromes could be distinguished: a mild and short lasting 'early diarrhoea' within the first three days of life and a usually more severe 'late diarrhoea' from the fourth to the 14th day of life. the latter type of diarrhoea occurred almost exclusively during the first half of the year. thirty-four out of 45 calves with late diarrhoea excreted rotaviruses, whereas only one of 34 calves with e ... | 1980 | 6258202 |
| cloning of human papilloma virus genomic dnas and analysis of homologous polynucleotide sequences. | the complete dna genomes of four distinct human papilloma viruses (human papilloma virus subtype 1a [hpv-1a], hpv-1b, hpv-2a, and hpv-4) were molecularly cloned in escherichia coli, using the certified plasmid vector pbr322. the restriction endonuclease patterns of the cloned hpv-1a and hpv-1b dnas were similar to those already published for uncloned dnas. physical maps were constructed for hpv-2a dna and hpv-4 dna, since these viral dnas had not been previously mapped. by using the cloned dnas, ... | 1980 | 6253665 |
| the dna polymerase beta reaction with ultraviolet-irradiated dna incised by correndonuclease. | covalently closed circular col e1 dna was ultraviolet-irradiated with a dose of 60 j/m2, thus introducing about 3.2 pyrimidine dimers per dna molecule. treatment of irradiated col e1 dna with micrococcus luteus correndonuclease resulted, in the vicinity of pyrimidine dimers, in an average of 3.3 incisions per dna molecule, and converted dna to the open circular form. incised col e1 dna stimulated no reaction with calf thymus dna polymerase alpha but was recognized as a template by dna polymerase ... | 1980 | 6250619 |
| dissociation and reconstitution of membranes synthesizing the peptidoglycan of escherichia coli. lipid dependence of the synthetic enzymes. | the peptidoglycan synthetic enzymes can be dissociated with cholate and licl into components with mobilities on a gel filtration column in the same ranges as bovine serum albumin. the active enzymes can be separated further from the lipids necessary for synthesis by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. the needed lipids stable to hydrolysis with base. a protein needed for peptidoglycan polymerization can be separated from the other synthetic enzymes by hydroxylapatite chromatography. | 1980 | 6244296 |
| isolation and properties of calmodulin from dictyostelium discoideum. | a calcium-dependent regulatory protein (calmodulin) was purified from vegetative amoebae of dictyostelium discoideum. the properties of dictyostelium calmodulin are similar but not identical to those of bovine brain calmodulin. calmodulin activity was not detected in extracts of saccharomyces cerevisiae or escherichia coli. | 1980 | 6243626 |
| effect of serum albumin on siderophore-mediated utilization of transferrin iron. | the effect of serum and serum proteins on enterobactin- and aerobactin-mediated utilization of transferrin iron has been investigated. serum was found to impede transfer of iron from iron transferrin to enterobactin and from [55fe]ferric enterobactin to cells of escherichia coli bn3040 na 1r iuc . in contrast, serum had essentially no effect on the rate of these reactions mediated by aerobactin. three purified serum proteins, human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and human immunoglobulin, w ... | 1984 | 6234017 |
| stimulation of streptococcus thermophilus growth in mastitic milk. | growth of streptococcus thermophilus was faster in mastitic milk, aseptically collected following intramammary infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin, than in normal aseptically collected milk. the contribution of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn), of plasma and plasmin to this stimulation has been investigated. addition of plasmin to low cell count milk stimulated growth of the streptococcus to the same degree as mastitic milk. however, addition of plasma or pmn from blood or from milk were le ... | 1984 | 6231318 |
| amino acid sequence of the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (oscp) of beef-heart mitochondria and its homology with the delta-subunit of the f1-atpase of escherichia coli. | the complete amino acid sequence of the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (oscp) of beef-heart mitochondria is reported. the protein contains 190 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 20 967. its structure is characterized by a concentration of charged amino acids in the two terminal segments (n 1-77 and c 128-190) of the protein, whereas its central region is more hydrophobic. the earlier reported homology of the protein with the delta-subunit of e. coli f1, based on the terminal amin ... | 1984 | 6229420 |
| nuclear genes coding the yeast mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex. isolation of atp2 coding the f1-atpase beta subunit. | a yeast nuclear pet mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking any detectable mitochondrial f1-atpase activity was genetically complemented upon transformation with a pool of wild type genomic dna fragments carried in the yeast escherchia coli shuttle vector yep 13. plasmid-dependent complementation restored both growth of the pet mutant on a nonfermentable carbon source as well as functional mitochondrial atpase activity. characterization of the complementing plasmid by plasmid deletion analysi ... | 1983 | 6225776 |
| [primary and spatial structure of trna]. | the recent achievements in studying of structure of trna are considered in the present paper. a brief analysis of the new methods for sequencing trna was carried out. due to the development of these methods about 300 trna primary structures have been determined. comparison of the primary trna structures gives us the possibility to divide them into seven classes: prokaryotic initiator trnas and eukaryotic initiator trnas; prokaryotic elongator trnas and eukaryotic elongator trnas; archaebacterial ... | 1984 | 6209547 |
| replication of m13mp7 single-stranded dna in vitro by the 9-s dna polymerase alpha from calf thymus. | the replication of m13 single-stranded dna by the 9s dna polymerase alpha from calf thymus has been studied in vitro. priming conditions, the nature of the replication products and conditions for optimal elongation have been investigated. oligonucleotides comprising only four nucleotides can serve as primers. both ribo and deoxy oligonucleotides can be elongated. priming by the short oligonucleotides occurs at multiple sites on the m13 genome. if replication is primed at single sites with a spec ... | 1984 | 6202519 |
| characterization of new hydrophobic pili of human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli: a possible new colonization factor. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains were divided into five groups on the basis of their bacterial surface hydrophobicity (honda et al., fems microbiol. lett. 17:273-276, 1983). strains in group iii showed heat-stable high hydrophobicity, although they did not show mannose-resistant hemagglutination with either human or bovine erythrocytes. e. coli strain 260-1 in group iii was characterized. electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of pili on the surface of this strain, but no ... | 1984 | 6199307 |
| a comparison of triclosan and chlorhexidine preparations with 60 per cent isopropyl alcohol for hygienic hand disinfection. | four detergent preparations containing triclosan; two alcoholic products, containing triclosan and chlorhexidine respectively, and a detergent preparation containing chlorhexidine were compared with 60 per cent isopropyl alcohol following a single hand wash using escherichia coli as the test organism. in vitro tests indicated that all had a high activity against hospital pathogens. the triclosan-containing preparations exhibited a significant pathogens. the triclosan-containing preparations exhi ... | 1983 | 6195237 |
| localization of the major antigenic determinant of edp208 pili at the n-terminus of the pilus protein. | trypsin digestion of pilin monomers from edp208 conjugative pili causes cleavage of lys12 to yield an n-terminal dodecapeptide, et1 (mr approximately equal to 1,500), and the remaining c-terminal fragment, er (mr approximately equal to 10,000). using the amino acid sequence for et1 provided by frost et al. (j. bacteriol. 153:950-954), we synthesized the n-terminal dodecapeptide chemically, conjugated it to bovine serum albumin, and subjected it to immunological studies. antisera prepared against ... | 1983 | 6185467 |
| identification of salmonellae of serogroup c1 by immunofluorescence and co-agglutination with antiserum against an oligosaccharide-protein conjugate. | antiserum specific for salmonella o7 antigen raised by immunisation of rabbits with an artificial conjugate consisting of oligosaccharide and bovine serum albumin (os-bsa). the oligosaccharide was a pentasaccharide isolated after cleavage of the o antigen polysaccharide chain of salmonella thompson (o antigen 6, 7) with endo-glycanase from bacteriophage 14. the usefulness of the s. thompson os-bsa antiserum for rapid and accurate identification of isolates of salmonella of serogroup c1 (o6, 7) w ... | 1982 | 6183432 |
| bactericidal activity of bovine serum against escherichia coli isolated from the environment in 3 herds of dairy cows. | 1981 | 6179401 | |
| immunological properties of escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins: development of a radioimmunoassay specific for heat-stable enterotoxins with suckling mouse activity. | antiserum was raised against the purified heat-stable enterotoxin (st) produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strain 431, a class ii porcine enteropathogen. the antiserum was used to examine the antigenic determinants of sts produced by enterotoxigenic strains of different host origins and develop a sensitive radioimmunoassay specific for st having biological activity in suckling mice and piglets (sta). the antiserum neutralized one effective dose of toxin at a dilution of 1:5,000 and neut ... | 1981 | 6167519 |
| the evolution of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin. i. a comparison of the primary amino acid sequences of mammalian alpha-fetoprotein and albumin. | the amino acid sequence of mouse alpha-fetoprotein has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its mrna and three chimeric plasmids containing overlapping segments of its cdna. a comparison of the amino acid sequence with that of either human and bovine albumin reveals in each case a 32% conservation of primary sequence. in addition, using the regularly spaced positions of cystine bridges, a 2-dimensional structure was generated, which revealed the presence of 3 closely related domains with ... | 1981 | 6161929 |
| the production of f41 fimbriae by piglet strains of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli that lack k88, k99 and 987p fimbriae. | the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains 1676, 1706, 1751 and kec96a, which do not produce fimbrial adhesive antigens of the k88, k99 or 987p antigen type reacted both in vitro and in vivo with antiserum to f41 fimbriae in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. antiserum used to demonstrate material b, an adhesive antigen thought to mediate the adhesive and mannose-resistant (mr) haemagglutinating properties of e. coli strains 1676, 1706 and 1751, reacted in vitro with an f41+ str ... | 1983 | 6138394 |
| antibody response of cows to escherichia coli pilus antigen k99 after oral vaccination with live or dead bacteria. | 1983 | 6132572 | |
| adhesion of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in humans and animals. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), an important cause of diarrhoea in humans and animal, require accessory virulence properties in addition to enterotoxin to manifest virulence. several classes of pili (hair-like protein surface organelles) promote adhesion of etec to small intestinal mucosa. antibody directed against adhesion pili interferes with colonization of the small intestine and prevents disease. this paper reviews studies with purified k88, k99 and 987 type pili used as parenteral ... | 1981 | 6114818 |
| new haemagglutinating fimbriae on escherichia coli strains isolated from urine. | the haemagglutination patterns of 255 urinary escherichia coli isolates were examined with human (a, rh+), bovine, chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes in the presence and absence of d-mannose. the strains were divided into four groups according to their haemagglutination properties. about 40% of the isolated agglutinated human red blood cells in the presence of d-mannose. the haemagglutinin of one of these. e. coli o18a, c: k- strain no. 119 was stable, temperature sensitive, did not develop at ... | 1980 | 6110318 |
| the early pathogenesis of bovine mastitis due to escherichia coli. | the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis was studied after infusing each of ten lactating quarters of three dairy cows with a large dose (ca. 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units) of virulent escherichia coli strain b117. this approach was adopted first to maximize the chance of observing microscopic lesions in the tissues of a gland and secondly to overwhelm the differences that might be shown between animals in their response to the infection. the infected glands were examined at intervals of up to 4 h ... | 1980 | 6109290 |
| [virological and bacteriological research on the etiology of gastroenteritis in newborn calves]. | virologic and bacteriologic studies were carried out of samples taken from calves with clinical gastroenteritis and from calves that died at the age of 2 to 10 days. a total of 199 samples were investigated of calves on 48 cattle-breeding farms. in 69 of the cases (34.2 per cent) strains of escherichia coli were isolated, prevailing being those of the o8, o9, o15, o21, o26, o55, and o78 serogroups. three of the strains isolated from fecal samples of clinically affected calves possessed the k99 a ... | 1984 | 6099625 |
| mode of degradation of plasmid dna with ozone. | the ozonization of pbr322 closed circular dna showed the conversion to open circular dna. the damaged site was investigated by restriction mapping. the results showed the damage and subsequent cleavage of the dna strand of ccdna by ozonization may occur at the region sensitive to nuclease s1. | 1984 | 6097879 |
| homologous versus heterologous gene expression in the yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. | dna sequences normally flanking the highly expressed yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) gene have been placed adjacent to heterologous mammalian genes on high copy number plasmid vectors and used for expression experiments in yeast. for many genes thus far expressed with this system, expression has been 15-50 times lower than the expression of the natural homologous pgk gene on the same plasmid. we have extensively investigated this dramatic difference and have found that in most cases it is ... | 1984 | 6096814 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in the feces of healthy beef calves. | fecal specimens from 136 healthy beef calves (1 day to 12 weeks of age) were examined for the presence of infectious agents known to cause enteric disease in calves. the calves were selected from 22 herds in which all calves were free of clinically apparent enteric disease. salmonella sp, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, cryptosporidium, and coronavirus were not detected in any of the calves. three calves were infected with rotavirus and 1 calf was infected with yersinia enterocolitica. campylo ... | 1984 | 6089621 |
| [the properdin level in cattle during immunization and hyperimmunization with escherichia coli, pasteurella and tetanus toxin]. | 1965 | 5321201 | |
| antibacterial activity of dihydro-1,3-oxazine derivatives condensed with aromatic rings in positions 5,6. | 1. the antibacterial activity in vitro of dihydro-1,3-oxazine derivatives with aromatic rings condensed in positions 5, 6 was examined.2. of more than thirty compounds examined, two (t 615 and t 638) showed marked activity against various strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis at concentrations below 2 mug/ml.3. these two compounds also showed marked activity against escherichia coli, clostridium pneumoniae and salmonella typhi.4. both showed marked activity in vivo against tuberculosis produced ... | 1971 | 5003353 |
| comparative studies of antigens from mycoplasma mycoides and escherichia coli. | extracts of sonically disrupted mycoplasma mycoides and escherichia coli were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. the presence of antigen in each of the fractions was determined by complement-fixation and agar-gel diffusion precipitin tests, in which cow, pig, and rabbit anti-m. mycoides sera and rabbit anti-e. coli serum were used. fractions of m. mycoides, with a buoyant density of 1.225 or lower, fixed complement with cow and pig anti-m. mycoides sera. these fractions als ... | 1968 | 4967193 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of pyocin. | pyocin, a bacteriocin obtained from lysates of ultraviolet-induced cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa was characterized in vitro and in vivo after 1,000-fold purification by chemical, column, and differential centrifugation procedures. electron micrographs of negatively stained pyocin preparations contained rod-shaped particles which resembled the contractile tail protein of the t-even phages of escherichia coli. although two separate and distinct pyocin fractions were eluted from diethylaminoet ... | 1967 | 4960899 |
| uridinediphosphogalactose-4-epimerase deficiency in salmonella typhimurium and its correction by plasmoid-borne galactose genes of escherichia coli k-12: effects on mouse virulence, phagocytosis, and serum sensitivity. | the synthesis of smooth lipopolysaccharide (lps) in relation to mouse virulence and resistance to serum bactericidal activity in vitro and to rapid intravenous clearance in vivo was studied in salmonella typhimurium by using a virulent [median lethal dose (ld(50)) = 10(2)], smooth, and genetically marked strain, a uridinediphosphogalactose epimerase-deficient mutant of it which was, therefore, rough, and a derivative of the mutant made smooth again by acquisition of the galactose-positive genes ... | 1971 | 4949486 |
| [microflora of the uterus in postpartum cows]. | 1971 | 4946545 | |
| [disinfection in colibacteriosis of small cattle]. | 1971 | 4946542 | |
| characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli from animals: relationship to veterinary and management uses of antimicrobial agents. | five-hundred fifty-five (555) isolates of escherichia coli were obtained from fecal specimens of a representative number of animals from five farms in the united states. antibiotic exposure of the selected herds was determined by an epidemiological survey of these farms. the incidence of multiple resistance in the e. coli isolates was higher in herds exposed to continuous feeding of antimicrobial agents (84.8%) than in a herd not receiving antimicrobials (15.7%). the most common resistance confi ... | 1971 | 4943278 |
| [detection of e. coli in cow's milk]. | 1971 | 4942596 | |
| volatile fatty acids and the inhibition of escherichia coli growth by rumen fluid. | concentrations of volatile fatty acids (vfa) normally found in bovine rumen fluid inhibited growth of escherichia coli in antibiotic medium 3. acetic, propionic, and butyric acids each produced growth inhibition which was markedly ph-dependent. little inhibition was observed at ph 7.0, and inhibition increased with decreasing ph. a combination of 60 mumoles of acetate, 20 mumoles of propionate, and 15 mumoles of butyrate per ml gave 96, 69, and 2% inhibition at ph 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0, respectively ... | 1969 | 4886864 |
| evaluation of t3 coliphage injuries and efficacy of selected materials in preventing them. | a procedure was developed to analyze the inactivation of coliphage t3 during freeze-drying and subsequent rehydration. the amount of gross disruption of the phage as compared with the amount of phage remaining intact was evaluated by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. the amount of phage material able to adsorb to host cells and the residual infectivity after the drying were also evaluated. these analyses made it possible to determine the amount of phage material (i) degraded to pr ... | 1967 | 4860532 |
| platelet interaction with bacteria. 3. ultrastructure. | the interaction of several common strains of bacteria with rabbit or human platelets in vitro has been examined sequentially with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. bacteria were added to platelets in their native plasma or to washed platelets in a balanced salt solution at ratios of about 1:1 or at low bacteria to platelet ratios (down to 1:100). the platelet-bacterial interaction (pbi) was studied with recording nephelometry. matched samples were fixed for microscopy at various poi ... | 1973 | 4632008 |
| phagocytosis of microbial l-forms. | little data are available regarding l-form phagocyte interactions. due to difficulty with more conventional methods, a serum-free technique of surface phagocytosis employing cellulose ester micropore filters, fluorochrome staining, and reflecting fluorescence microscopy was developed. intracellular localization of l-frms was confirmed by electron microscopy. in timed experiments, phagocytosis of a group d streptococcus (atcc 23241) and its l-form (t53i) were maximal at 30 min, although the bacte ... | 1972 | 4628960 |
| continuous non-therapeutic use of antibacterial drugs in feed and drug resistance of the gram-negative enteric florae of food-producing animals. | fecal samples from illinois farm animals and montana range cattle were examined for the frequency of gram-negative enteric organisms resistant to oxytetracycline, dihydrostreptomycin, or ampicillin. the illinois farm animals were continually fed rations containing various antibacterial drugs. the montana range cattle had minimal exposure to antibacterial drugs. the majority of samples from illinois farm animals demonstrated 10% or more antibiotic-resistant organisms. in contrast, resistant organ ... | 1974 | 4615630 |
| growth of indigenous organisms in aerated filtrate of feedlot waste. | filtrates from feedlot waste were incubated under aerobic conditions to evaluate the availability of nutrients for cell production and to assess the capacity of indigenous flora to produce stabilized effluents. incubation was carried out in 9-liter aerated jar fermentors. three-fourths of the organic material and one-third of the nitrogen were taken up in 4 days; 90% utilization of organic material and nitrogen required almost a month. acid was produced initially, but aerated liquid thereafter r ... | 1974 | 4609184 |