Publications

friend or foe: using systems biology to elucidate interactions between fungi and their hosts.	modelling the networks sustaining the fruitful coexistence between fungi and their mammalian hosts is becoming increasingly important to control emerging fungal pathogens. in a 'systems biology' perspective, the microbiota and host should be seen as an ecosystem, and disease considered as an alteration of the equilibrium. this review addresses host-fungus interaction with a special focus on systems biology approaches to investigate the mechanisms developed by candida albicans and aspergillus fum ...	2011	21871806
three-dimensional models of 14α-sterol demethylase (cyp51a) from aspergillus lentulus and aspergillus fumigatus: an insight into differences in voriconazole interaction.	aspergillus lentulus, an aspergillus fumigatus sibling species, is increasingly reported in corticosteroid-treated patients. its clinical significance is unknown, but the fact that a. lentulus shows reduced antifungal susceptibility, mainly to voriconazole, is of serious concern. heterologous expression of cyp51a from a. fumigatus and a. lentulus was performed in saccharomyces cerevisiae to assess differences in the interaction of cyp51a with the azole drugs. the absence of endogenous erg11 was ...	2011	21871783
mechanistic and structural studies of the n-hydroxylating flavoprotein monooxygenases.	the n-hydroxylating flavoprotein monooxygenases are siderophore biosynthetic enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of the sidechain amino-group of ornithine or lysine or the primary amino-group of putrescine. this hydroxylated product is subsequently formylated or acylated and incorporated into the siderophore. importantly, the modified amino-group is a hydroxamate and serves as an iron chelating moiety in the siderophore. this review describes recent work to characterize the ornithine hydroxy ...	2011	21871647
[moulds isolated from the upper sections of the respiratory and alimentary tracts of healthy veterinary medicine students].	the mycological studies in healthy veterinary medicine students have been prompted by the fact that only a few publications are available to date on the occurrence of moulds in people identifying themselves as generally healthy and having direct contact with ill or dead animals.	2011	21870416
Identification of Fibrinogen-Binding Proteins of Aspergillus fumigatus Using Proteomic Approach.	Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiological agent for various forms of human aspergillosis, gets access to the respiratory system of human host by inhalation of airborne conidia. These conidia possibly adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Among the ECM proteins involved in adherence, fibrinogen is thought to be crucial. Here, we studied whether A. fumigatus three-week culture filtrate (3wcf) proteins promote binding of A. fumigatus to ECM proteins and promote fungal growth. We observed ...	2011	21870122
Detection of Aspergillus in lung and other tissue samples using the MycAssay Aspergillus real-time PCR kit.	The MycAssay™ Aspergillus real-time PCR kit was tested on tissues from patients with invasive fungal infections. Tissue samples from nine organ transplant recipients and 33 patients with haematological malignancy were from lung (n = 30), skin (n = 4), and others. Samples were preprocessed with proteinase K and lyticase, followed by DNA extraction and real-time PCR. For all samples, the sensitivity of the MycAssay Aspergillus test was 82% and specificity 79% relative to microscopy and 90% and 64% ...	2011	21861765
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: lessons for the busy radiologist.	the probability of a radiologist interpreting a disease correctly is not only influenced by their training and experience but also on the knowledge of a particular entity. this editorial reviews certain myths and realities associated with radiological manifestations of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). abpa is a hypersensitivity disorder against the antigens of aspergillus fumigatus. although commonly manifesting with central bronchiectasis (cb), the disorder can present without an ...	2011	21860713
in vitro expansion of human γδ and cd56(+) t-cells by aspergillus-antigen loaded fast dendritic cells in the presence of exogenous interleukin-12.	aspergillus fumigatus (af) infection is especially prevalent after allogenic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) and causes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. human γδ t-cells have essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and in the resistance of pathogens and tumors. also, γδ t-cells may facilitate stem cells engraftment and decrease a life-threatening graft versus host disease after allogenic bmt. moreover, expression of cd56 molecules on γδ t-cells increases their antitumor cytotoxic act ...	2011	21854188
reappraising the structures and distribution of metabolites from black aspergilli containing uncommon 2-benzyl-4h-pyran-4-one and 2-benzylpyridin-4(1h)-one systems.	to date, natural products containing 2-benzyl-4h-pyran-4-one and 2-benzylpyridin-4(1h)-one substructures have been encountered in relatively few fungi outside of the black aspergilli clade. while exploring the occurrence of these compounds among aspergillus spp., it was determined that the structures of the unusual furopyrrols tensidols a and b (5 and 6) and jbir-86 and jbir-87 (9 and 10) were incorrect and should be reassigned as 2-benzyl-4h-pyran-4-ones (7, 8, 11e, and 12, respectively). the o ...	2011	21854017
stereoselective oxidation of regioisomeric octadecenoic acids by fatty acid dioxygenases.	seven z-octadecenoic acids having the double bond located in positions 6z to 13z were photooxidized. the resulting hydroperoxy-e-octadecenoic acids [hpome(e)] were resolved by chiral phase-hplc-ms, and the absolute configurations of the enantiomers were determined by gas chromatographic analysis of diastereoisomeric derivatives. the ms/ms/ms spectra showed characteristic fragments, which were influenced by the distance between the hydroperoxide and carboxyl groups. these fatty acids were then in ...	2011	21852690
Trichostatin A Abrogates Airway Constriction, but not Inflammation in Mouse and Human Asthma Models.	Abstract Rationale: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may offer novel approaches in asthma treatment. In this study, we postulate that trichostatin A (TSA), a class 1 and 2 HDAC inhibitor , inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness in antigen-challenged mice. Methods: Mice were sensitized and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen (AF) and treated with TSA, dexamethasone, or vehicle. Lung resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance were measured, and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was an ...	2011	21852688
invasive fungal infection in an elderly patient with defective inflammatory macrophage function.	macrophages are known to be involved in pathogen recognition and mediate host immune responses, but, in the clinical setting, their purported central role in opportunistic fungal infections has not been demonstrated to date. herein, we describe a patient with invasive testicular aspergillosis in whom we found, for the first time, a defect in macrophage function.	2011	21851479
morphological identification of foodborne pathogens colonizing rice grains in south asia.	the aim of this study was to identify the foodborne pathogens mainly, aspergillus sp. colonizing rice grains using cultural and microscopic methods. four differential media (czapek dox agar (cza), czapek yeast agar (cya), malt extract agar (mea) and czapek yeast 20% sucrose agar (cya20s)) were used for differentiation of five aspergillus sp., colonizing rice grains comparing with standard cultures. we studied macroscopic (colony color and diameter, conidia color, exudates, sclerotia and colony t ...	2010	21850929
Analysis of performance of a PCR-based assay to detect DNA of Aspergillus fumigatus in whole blood and serum: a comparative study with clinical samples.	The performance of a real-time PCR-based assay was retrospectively analyzed (according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group criteria) in the samples of patients with invasive aspergillosis. A total of 711 serial samples (356 whole-blood and 355 serum samples) from 38 adult patients were analyzed. The Aspergillus fumigatus PCR assay results were positive for 89 of 356 (25%) whole-blood samples and 90 of 355 (25.35%) serum samples. Positive PCR results ...	2011	21849696
polyhexamethylene biguanide and calcineurin inhibitors as novel antifungal treatments for aspergillus keratitis.	to establish polyhexamethylene biguanide (phmb) as an effective treatment for aspergillus keratitis in a novel murine model. to determine the ability of the calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus (fk506) and cyclosporine a (csa) to enhance the activity of phmb, amphotericin b (amb), and voriconazole (vcz) against aspergillus keratitis.	2011	21849421
use of an optical trap for study of host-pathogen interactions for dynamic live cell imaging.	dynamic live cell imaging allows direct visualization of real-time interactions between cells of the immune system(1, 2); however, the lack of spatial and temporal control between the phagocytic cell and microbe has rendered focused observations into the initial interactions of host response to pathogens difficult. historically, intercellular contact events such as phagocytosis(3) have been imaged by mixing two cell types, and then continuously scanning the field-of-view to find serendipitous in ...	2011	21841755
The effects of dsRNA mycoviruses on growth and murine virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus.	Some isolates of the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are known to be infected with mycoviruses. The dsRNA genomes of two of these mycoviruses, which include a chrysovirus and a partitivirus, have been completely sequenced and an RT-PCR assay for the viruses has been developed. Through curing virus-infected A. fumigatus isolates by cycloheximide treatment and transfecting virus-free isolates with purified virus, as checked by RT-PCR, isogenic virus-free and virus-infec ...	2011	21840413
the metalloreductase freb is involved in adaptation of aspergillus fumigatus to iron starvation.	aspergillus fumigatus employs two high affinity iron uptake mechanisms, siderophore mediated iron uptake and reductive iron assimilation (ria). the a. fumigatus genome encodes 15 putative metalloreductases (mr) but the ferrireductases involved in ria remained elusive so far. expression of the mr freb was found to be transcriptionally repressed by iron via srea, a repressor of iron acquisition during iron sufficiency, indicating a role in iron metabolism. freb-inactivation by gene deletion was ph ...	2011	21840411
sequential air-liquid exposure of human respiratory cells to chemical and biological pollutants.	although indoor air has wide ranging effects on human health, the effects of environmental, chemical, and biological pollutants on the respiratory system are not fully understood. in order to clarify the health effects of airborne pollutant exposure, it would appear that toxicological evidence is needed to complement epidemiological observations to support by providing biological plausibility. the aim of this study is to manage air-liquid successive exposures to different pollutants such as a ch ...	2011	21840384
investigation of a cluster of cutaneous aspergillosis in a neonatal intensive care unit.	between december 2007 and july 2008, three neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) in salford, uk, were diagnosed with primary cutaneous aspergillosis (pca) due to aspergillus fumigatus. the first pca case, in december 2007, developed multi-organ failure leading to death within a short time frame: the other two cases survived after treatment with intravenous antifungal therapy followed by oral posaconazole. air, surface, and water samples were collected within the nicu and from the inc ...	2011	21840084
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after living donor liver transplantation should be eradicated or not? A case report.	Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a rare complication with a high mortality rate after organ transplantation. Early antifungal therapy improves survival. In some cases, surgical resection is necessary for a complete remission. We have reported herein a case of sustained (but stationary) IPA cured by the modulation of immunosuppression with discontinuation of antifungal therapy.	2011	21839284
[Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis].	Aspergillus species causes a variety of pulmonary diseases, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised patietnts, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in patients with chronic lung diseases and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hypersensitivity to Aspergillus antigens. There are many species of Aspergillus, however Aspergillus fumigatus is the most commonly encountered species. CPA is usually seen in patients with documented or suspected underlying lun ...	2011	21838048
long-term treatment of refractory invasive fungal infection with posaconazole: additive value of therapeutic drug monitoring.	posaconazole is a recently developed broad-spectrum triazole antifungal with potential for long-term prophylaxis or therapy of invasive fungal infections. this case illustrates the additive value for therapeutic drug monitoring to guide clinical decision-making in high risk patients.	2011	21837936
molecular epidemiology of aspergillus fumigatus: an in-depth genotypic analysis of isolates involved in an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis.	we recently reported an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis in the major heart surgery unit of hospital gregorio mara+¦+¦n, madrid, spain (t. pel+íez, p. mu+¦oz, j. guinea, m. valerio, m. giannella, c.h.w. klaassen, and e. bouza, submitted for publication). a. fumigatus was isolated from clinical samples in 10 patients admitted to the unit during the outbreak period (surgical wound invasive aspergillosis, n=2; probable pulmonary invasive aspergillosis, n=4; colonization, n=4). here, we have studi ...	2011	21832010
anti-inflammatory effect of fluvastatin on il-8 production induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus fumigatus antigens in cystic fibrosis.	early in life, patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) are infected with microorganisms including bacteria and fungi, particularly pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus fumigatus. since recent research has identified the anti-inflammatory properties of statins (besides their lipid-lowering effects), we investigated the effect of fluvastatin on the production of the potent neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine, il-8, in whole blood from cf patients, stimulated by pseudomonas aeruginosa (lps) and asper ...	2011	21826199
aspergillus fumigatus in poultry.	aspergillus fumigatus remains a major respiratory pathogen in birds. in poultry, infection by a. fumigatus may induce significant economic losses particularly in turkey production. a. fumigatus develops and sporulates easily in poor quality bedding or contaminated feedstuffs in indoor farm environments. inadequate ventilation and dusty conditions increase the risk of bird exposure to aerosolized spores. acute cases are seen in young animals following inhalation of spores, causing high morbidity ...	2011	21826144
in vitro antifungal activity of e1210, a novel antifungal, against clinically important yeasts and moulds.	e1210 is a new antifungal compound with a novel mechanism of action and broad-spectrum of antifungal activity. we investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of e1210 compared to that of fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, and micafungin against clinical fungal isolates. e1210 showed potent activity against most candida spp. (mic(90) of ôëñ0.008 to 0.06 ++g/ml) except for candida krusei (mics of 2 to >32 ++g/ml). e1210 showed equally potent activity against fluconazole-res ...	2011	21825291
the proteomic signature of aspergillus fumigatus during early development.	aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic fungus that causes a range of diseases in humans including invasive aspergillosis. all forms of disease begin with the inhalation of conidia which germinate and develop. four stages of early development were evaluated using the gel free system of isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) to determine the full proteomic profile of the pathogen. a total of 461 proteins were identified at 0, 4, 8, and 16 hours and fold changes for each we ...	2011	21825280
identification of fungal dna in balf from patients with home-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis.	background: in japan, a major type of home-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) is summer-type hp, which is caused by trichosporon asahii (t. asahii) or trichosporonmucoides. some patients with home-related hp test negative for antibodies against trichosporon; yet, a causative mold antigen cannot be identified. methods: we analyzed 19 patients with home-related hp, 8 healthy volunteers, and 35 patients with other diseases. we extracted dna from cell pellets of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( ...	2011	21824758
microbial dynamics during aerobic exposure of corn silage stored under oxygen barrier or polyethylene films.	the aims were to compare the effects of sealing forage maize with a new oxygen barrier film or with a conventional polyethylene film. this comparison would be during both ensilage and subsequent exposure of silage to air, and would include chemical, microbiological and molecular (dna and rna) assessments. the forage was inoculated with a mixture of lactobacillus buchneri, lb. plantarum, and enterococcus faecium and ensiled in polyethylene (pe) and oxygen barrier (ob) plastic bags. the oxygen per ...	2011	21821764
sphenoid sinus fungus ball: our experience.	fungal rhinosinusitis is a common disease of the paranasal sinuses. the fungus ball (fb) is defined as an extramucosal mycotic proliferation that fills one or more paranasal sinuses. sphenoid sinus is an uncommon localization of this disease, as reported in the literature. this study describes our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of sphenoid sinus fb (ssfb), with a particular focus on the surgical approach to the sphenoid sinus.	2011	21819767
Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm on primary human sinonasal epithelial culture.	Bacterial biofilms have been implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, direct evidence in support of fungal biofilms in sinus disease is lacking in the literature. This study was designed to develop and characterize an in vitro Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm model on primary human sinonasal epithelial cell culture.	2011	21819757
aspergillus fumigatus spondylodiskitis in renal transplant patient: voriconazole experience.	the incidence of invasive aspergillosis has increased after solid organ transplant. however, aspergillus osteomyelitis in vertebrae is rare. we report a case of aspergillus spondylodiskitis after pulmonary aspergillosis in a renal transplant recipient. he was treated by antifungal therapy and surgical intervention. the transplantist should be alert for a diagnosis of aspergillus spondylodiskitis in recipients who developed back pain after aspergillosis infection in other sites.	2011	21819372
editorial overview.		2011	21816664
in vivo hypoxia and a fungal alcohol dehydrogenase influence the pathogenesis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	currently, our knowledge of how pathogenic fungi grow in mammalian host environments is limited. using a chemotherapeutic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) and (1)h-nmr metabolomics, we detected ethanol in the lungs of mice infected with aspergillus fumigatus. this result suggests that a. fumigatus is exposed to oxygen depleted microenvironments during infection. to test this hypothesis, we utilized a chemical hypoxia detection agent, pimonidazole hydrochloride, in three imm ...	2011	21811407
antifungal activity of bivittoside-d from bohadschia vitiensis (semper).	this study was carried out to investigate the antifungal activity of bohadschia vitiensis semper whole body extracts, followed by isolation and characterisation of bioactive molecules. the methanol extract of the b. vitiensis showed promising activity in in vitro models against candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, sporothrix schenckii, trichophyton mentagrophytes, aspergillus fumigatus and candida parapsilosis. the antifungal activity was found in aqueous fraction against c. albicans, c. n ...	2011	21809953
neutrophils produce il-17a in a dectin-1 and il-23 dependent manner during invasive fungal infection.	we have previously reported that compromised il-17a production in the lungs increased susceptibility to infection with the invasive fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. here, we show that culturing lung cells from a. fumigatus-challenged mice ex vivo demonstrated dectin-1 dependent il-17a production. in this system, neutralization of il-23, but not il-6, il-1ß or il-18, resulted in attenuated il-17a production. il23 mrna expression was found to be lower in lung cells from a. fumigatus-challeng ...	2011	21807912
the role of dectin-1 in the host defence against fungal infections.	dectin-1 is an innate immune pattern recognition receptor (prr) that, through its ability to bind ß-glucans, is involved in the recognition of several pathogenic fungi. dectin-1 can stimulate a variety of cellular responses via the syk/card9 signalling pathway, including phagocytosis, cytokine production and the respiratory burst. several advances in our understanding of dectin-1 immunobiology have been made in recent years, including characterisation of additional signalling pathways and demons ...	2011	21803640
gliotoxin as putative virulence factor and immunotherapeutic target in a cell culture model of cerebral aspergillosis.	the mycotoxin gliotoxin is an important metabolite produced by aspergillus fumigatus, but its precise role in the pathogenesis of cerebral aspergillosis is not yet determined. we could demonstrate that growth in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) induced the production and secretion of significant amounts of gliotoxin by a. fumigatus. these concentrations of 590-720nm were sufficient to reduce the viability of astrocytes and neurons, as well as of primary microglia, already after few hours of incubation. ...	2011	21803423
bacterial diversity from benthic mats of antarctic lakes as a source of new bioactive metabolites.	during the micromat project, the bacterial diversity of microbial mats growing in the benthic environment of antarctic lakes was accessed for the discovery of novel antibiotics. in all, 723 antarctic heterotrophic bacteria belonging to novel and/or endemic taxa in the +¦-, +¦- and +¦-subclasses of the proteobacteria, the bacteroidetes branch, and of the high and low percentage g+c gram-positives, were isolated, cultivated in different media and at different temperatures, and then screened for th ...	2009	21798170
comparative proteomic profiles of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus lentulus strains by surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi-tof-ms).	abstract: background: surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi-tof-ms) was applied to analyze the protein profiles in both somatic and metabolic extracts of aspergillus species. the study was carried out on some aspergillus species within the fumigati section (aspergillus fumigatus wild-types and natural abnormally pigmented mutants, and aspergillus lentulus). the aim was to validate whether mass spectrometry protein profiles can be used as specific si ...	2011	21798007
the role of sho1 in polarized growth of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen that may cause severe invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. the filamentous fungi undergo polarized growth, searching for nutrients in the environment and causing invasive growth in tissue. sho1 is a sensor of the high osmolarity glycerol pathway, and the sho1 mutant showed a decrease in growth rate. we found that sho1 is involved in the polarized growth of a. fumigatus. the sho1 mutation resulted in extended isotropic growth of germin ...	2011	21796487
synthesis of novel fluconazoliums and their evaluation for antibacterial and antifungal activities.	a series of novel fluconazoliums were synthesized and their bioactive evaluation as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents were described. some target compounds displayed good and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities with low mic values ranging from 0.25 to 64 µg/ml against all the tested strains, including three gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, mrsa and bacillus subtilis), three gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus proteus) as wel ...	2011	21794961
synthesis and studies of novel 2-(4-cyano-3-trifluoromethylphenyl amino)-4-(quinoline-4-yloxy)-6-(piperazinyl/piperidinyl)-s-triazines as potential antimicrobial, antimycobacterial and anticancer agents.	a series of novel s-triazine analogs were synthesized and characterized by ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, (19)f nmr spectroscopy and elemental analysis. preliminary screening of target compounds against eight bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhi, proteus vulgaris, shigella flexneria), four fungi (aspergillus niger, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus clavatus, candida albicans) and mycobacterium tuberculosis ...	2011	21794959
trefoil factor 2 regulates airway remodeling in animal models of asthma.	background. epithelial denudation and metaplasia are important in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling and asthma. trefoil factor 2 (tff2) is a member of a family of peptides involved in protection and healing of the gastrointestinal epithelium but which are also secreted in the airway mucosa. methods. we investigated the role of tff2 in airway remodeling by histological and morphometric analysis of lung tissue from tff2-deficient mice subjected to two relevant animal models of asthma: an ovalb ...	2011	21793772
two new indole alkaloids, 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-costaclavine and 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-epicostaclavine, from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus fumigatus.	two new indole alkaloids, 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-costaclavine (1) and 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-epicostaclavine (2), together with the known compounds costaclavine (3), fumgaclavine a (4) and c (5), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus fumigatus. the planar structures of the two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence including ms, uv, ir and nmr spectra. their stereochemistry was studied by noesy, (1)h-(1)h coupling constant a ...	2011	21792727
the cross-pathway control system regulates production of the secondary metabolite toxin, sirodesmin pl, in the ascomycete, leptosphaeria maculans.	abstract: background: sirodesmin pl is a secondary metabolite toxin made by the ascomycetous plant pathogen, leptosphaeria maculans. the sirodesmin biosynthetic genes are clustered in the genome. the key genes are a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, sirp, and a pathway-specific transcription factor, sirz. little is known about regulation of sirodesmin production. results: genes involved in regulation of sirodesmin pl in l. maculans have been identified. two hundred random insertional t-dna mutan ...	2011	21791055
voriconazole pre-exposure selects for breakthrough mucormycosis in a mixed model of aspergillus fumigatus-rhizopus oryzae pulmonary infection.	mucormycosis is an uncommon fungal infection that has been increasingly reported in severely immunocompromised patients receiving aspergillus-active antifungals. although clinical studies and pre-clinical animal models have suggested a unique predisposition for breakthrough mucormycoses in patients receiving voriconazole, no study has specifically evaluated the selection dynamics of various aspergillus -active antifungal classes in vivo. we utilized an aspergillus fumigatus:rhizopus oryzae (10:1 ...	2011	21788730
efficacy of oral e1210, a new broad-spectrum antifungal with a novel mechanism of action, in murine models of candidiasis, aspergillosis, and fusariosis.	e1210 is a first-in-class, broad-spectrum antifungal with a novel mechanism of action - inhibition of fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. in this study, the efficacies of e1210 and reference antifungals were evaluated in murine models of oropharyngeal and disseminated candidiasis, pulmonary aspergillosis, and disseminated fusariosis. oral e1210 demonstrated dose dependent efficacy in these infections caused by candida species, aspergillus spp. and fusarium solani. in the treatment ...	2011	21788462
molecular mechanism of aspergillus fumigatus adherence to host constituents.	inhaled conidia of aspergillus fumigatus rapidly adhere to pulmonary epithelial cells and other host constituents. identifying molecular mechanisms underlying a. fumigatus adherence has therefore been the focus of a number of studies aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets. early studies of a. fumigatus adherence to host constituents focused on fungal proteins, including roda and aspf2. none of these proteins however has been found to play a role in virulence in experimental animal models ...	2011	21784698
design and synthesis of spiro[indole-thiazolidine]spiro[indole-pyrans] as antimicrobial agents.	a series of novel spiro[indole-thiazolidine]spiro[indole-pyran] derivatives were synthesized from n-(bromoalkyl)indol-2,3-diones via monospiro-bisindole intermediates; the two indole nuclei being connected via n-(ch(2))(n)-n linker. synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against three gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, and staphylococcus epidermis), four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salm ...	2011	21782421
antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of fatty acid methyl esters from the leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum l.	objectives: the fatty acid methyl esters (fame extract) from sesuvium (s.) portulacastrum was studied for its fatty acid composition and antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms. materials and methods and results: the gas chromatographic analysis of fame extract revealed the presence of palmitic acid with the highest relative percentage (31.18%), followed by oleic acid (21.15%), linolenic acid (14.18%) linoleic acid (10.63%), myristic acid (6.91%) and behenic acid (2.42%). ...	2011	21780546
40-o -[2-hydroxyethyl]rapamycin modulates human dendritic cell function during exposure to aspergillus fumigatus.	40-o -[2-hydroxyethyl]rapamycin (rad), a novel derivative of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin, was analyzed for its immunomodulatory influence during the interaction of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modc) with aspergillus fumigatus. rad is clinically used to prevent graft-versus -host disease as well as solid organ and bone marrow transplant rejection. however, it may constitute a risk factor for the development of opportunistic infections, such as invasive aspergillosis which is m ...	2011	21780151
aspergillus fumigatus conidia induce ifn-{beta} signaling in respiratory epithelial cells1.	aspergillus fumigatus is a fungal pathogen of major clinical importance. however, little is known about the role of human bronchial epithelial cells (hbec) during a. fumigatus conidia induced inflammation. here, we show that differentiated respiratory epithelial cells recognize inactivated resting conidia but not swollen conidia or hyphae resulting in the induction of the ifn-ß signaling pathway and the expression of ifn-ß inducible genes such as ip-10. this induction was internalization depende ...	2011	21778165
how to build a better mouse.		2011	21776056
regulated o(2) activation in flavin-dependent monooxygenases.	flavin-dependent monooxygenases (fmos) are involved in important biosynthetic pathways in diverse organisms, including production of the siderophores used for the import and storage of essential iron in serious pathogens. we have shown that the fmo from aspergillus fumigatus, an ornithine monooxygenase (af-omo), is mechanistically similar to its well-studied distant homologues from mammalian liver. the latter are highly promiscuous in their choice of substrates, while af-omo is unusually specifi ...	2011	21774554
molecular diagnosis of aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis.	a 66-year-old male with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed signs of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome. serial blood cultures were negative and a septifast test detected the presence of aspergillus fumigatus dna. afterwards, detection of galactomannan and 1,3-ß-d-glucan showed a positive result. autopsy revealed the presence of branched fungal structures suggestive of aspergillus.	2011	21767711
a cope rearrangement in the reaction catalyzed by dimethylallyltryptophan synthase?	the enzyme dimethylallyltryptophan synthase catalyzes the "normal" prenylation of trp at c-4 in the first step of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. the lys174ala mutant is found to produce a hexahydropyrroloindole alkaloid that is "reverse-prenylated" at c-3 as its major product. this is interpreted as evidence in support of a mechanism that involves an initial "reverse-prenylation" at c-3, followed by a cope rearrangement and rearomatization.	2011	21766851
malignant otitis externa caused by aspergillus fumigatus: a case report.		2011	21765381
quantification of the aspergillus versicolor allergen in house dust.	aspergillus versicolor, a fungus commonly found on damp building materials, produces the allergen, asp v 13. here we report a sensitive asp v 13 capture elisa for a. versicolor spores and spore- and mycelial fragments in house dust samples. the method is based on a double polyclonal capture elsia. the detection limits for asp v 13 antigen and a. versicolor spores without dust were 2.44pg and 12ng (ca. 110 spores). detection limits for asp v 13 and a. versicolor spores in sieved house dust sample ...	2011	21763696
the chitin synthase genes chsa and chsc are not required for cell wall stress responses in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.	invasive aspergillosis is a leading cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. the fungal cell wall is an attractive antifungal target, but it is dynamic and responsive to external stressors. the existence of multiple chitin synthases within aspergilli is thought to reflect specialized functions in cell wall damage responses that facilitate continued growth and viability. we previously reported increased transcription of aspergillus fumigatus chitin synthases chsa and chsc following echin ...	2011	21763289
isolation, structure, and biological activities of fellutamides c and d from an undescribed metulocladosporiella (chaetothyriales) using the genome-wide candida albicans fitness test.	in a whole-cell mechanism of action (moa)-based screening strategy for discovery of antifungal agents, candida albicans was used, followed by testing of active extracts in the c. albicans fitness test (caft), which provides insight into the mechanism of action. a fermentation extract of an undescribed species of metulocladosporiella that inhibited proteasome activity in a c. albicans fitness test was identified. the chemical genomic profile of the extract contained hypersensitivity of heterozygo ...	2011	21761939
ß-1,3-glucan-induced host phospholipase d activation is involved in aspergillus fumigatus internalization into type ii human pneumocyte a549 cells.	the internalization of aspergillus fumigatus into lung epithelial cells is a process that depends on host cell actin dynamics. the host membrane phosphatidylcholine cleavage driven by phospholipase d (pld) is closely related to cellular actin dynamics. however, little is known about the impact of pld on a. fumigatus internalization into lung epithelial cells. here, we report that once germinated, a. fumigatus conidia were able to stimulate host pld activity and internalize more efficiently in a5 ...	2011	21760893
biocatalytic resolution of enantiomeric mixtures of 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid.	several fungal strains, namely bauveria bassiana, cuninghamella echinulata, aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium crustosum and cladosporium herbarum, were used as biocatalysts to resolve racemic mixtures of 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid using l/d amino acid oxidase activity. the course of reaction was analyzed by 31p-nmr in the presence of cyclodextrin used as chiral discriminating agent. the best result (42% e.e of r-isomer) was obtained with a strain of cuninghamella echinulata.	2011	21760571
[performance of locked nucleic acid probe real-time polymerase chain reaction in the detection of aspergillus fumigatus].	to evaluate the performance of locked nucleic acid (lna) probe real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the detection of aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus).	2011	21756800
molecular sub-typing suggests that the environment of rehabilitation centers may be a potential source of aspergillus fumigatus infecting rehabilitating seabirds.	aspergillosis remains a major cause of infection-related avian mortality in birds that are debilitated and undergoing rehabilitation for release into the wild. this study was designed to understand the source of avian aspergillosis in seabirds undergoing rehabilitation at selected northern california aquatic bird rehabilitation centers. air, surface and water sampling was performed between august 2007 and july 2008 in three such centers and selected natural seabird loafing sites. average air asp ...	2011	21756021
the cation-p interaction between lys53 and the flavin of fructosamine oxidase (faox-ii) is critical for activity.	fructosamine oxidases (faoxs) are flavin-containing enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deglycation of low molecular weight fructosamines or amadori products. the fructosamine substrate is oxidized by the flavin in the reductive half-reaction, and the reduced flavin is then oxidized by molecular oxygen in the oxidative half-reaction. the crystal structure of faox-ii from aspergillus fumigatus reveals a unique interaction between lys53 and the isoalloxazine. the ammonium nitrogen of the lysine is ...	2011	21755947
transcriptomic and proteomic profile of aspergillus fumigatus on exposure to artemisinin.	artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, and its derivatives are reported to have antifungal activity against some fungi. we report its antifungal activity against aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus), a pathogenic filamentous fungus responsible for allergic and invasive aspergillosis in humans, and its synergistic effect in combination with itraconazole (itc), an available antifungal drug. in order to identify its molecular targets, we further analyzed transcript and proteomic profiles of the fungus ...	2011	21755315
mycobiota and mycotoxins in bee pollen collected from different areas of slovakia.	contamination by microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in different bee pollen samples, which were stored under three different ways of storing as freezing, drying and uv radiation, was investigated. during spring 2009, 45 samples of bee-collected pollen were gathered from beekeepers who placed their bee colonies on monocultures of sunflower, rape and poppy fields within their flying distance. bee pollen was collected from bees' legs by special devices placed at the entrance to hives. samples were ex ...	2011	21749250
a dedicated glutathione s-transferase mediates carbon-sulfur bond formation in gliotoxin biosynthesis.	gliotoxin is a virulence factor of the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus , the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis. its toxicity is mediated by the unusual transannular disulfide bridge of the epidithiodiketopiperazine (etp) scaffold. here we disclose the critical role of a specialized glutathione s-transferase (gst), glig, in enzymatic sulfurization. furthermore, we show that bishydroxylation of the diketopiperazine by the oxygenase glic is a prerequisite for glutathione adduct formation ...	2011	21749092
design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1-[(biarylmethyl)methylamino]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols as potent antifungal agents: new insights into structure-activity relationships.	we recently reported the design and synthesis of azole antifungal agents with a focus on modifications to the side chain appended to the propanol group. herein we have identified a series of new 1-[(biarylmethyl)methylamino] derivatives with broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the most prevalent human pathogenic fungi (candida spp. and aspergillus fumigatus). compounds containing a flexible benzylamine moiety were clearly shown to yield the best antifungal activities, without the need f ...	2011	21748853
the pattern of sensitisation to inhalant allergens in omani patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis.	identification of relevant allergens that are prevalent in each environment which may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications in allergic diseases. this study aimed to identify the pattern of sensitisation to inhalant allergens in omani patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis.	2008	21748078
post-transplant aspergillosis and the role of combined neurosurgical and antifungal therapies under belatacept immunosuppression.	opportunistic cns-infection represent a major threat to patients after organ transplantation due to the need for ongoing immunosuppression and belatacept is a novel ctl4a inhibitor, which is increasingly used for patients following cadaveric kidney transplantation. among the cns infections, intracranial aspergillus is a particular challenge and poses difficulties for its insidious onset, a timely and accurate diagnosis, and its management due to high mortality rates. to this end we want to illus ...	2011	21748028
conidial dihydroxynaphthalene melanin of the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus interferes with the host endocytosis pathway.	aspergillus fumigatus is the most important air-borne fungal pathogen of humans. the interaction of the pathogen with the host's immune system represents a key process to understand pathogenicity. for elimination of invading microorganisms, they need to be efficiently phagocytosed and located in acidified phagolysosomes. however, as shown previously, a. fumigatus is able to manipulate the formation of functional phagolysosomes. here, we demonstrate that in contrast to pigmentless pksp mutant con ...	2011	21747802
targeted disruption of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase pes3 augments the virulence of aspergillus fumigatus.	non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (nrps) is a documented virulence factor for the opportunistic pathogen a. fumigatus, and other fungi. secreted or intracellularly located nrp products include the toxic molecule gliotoxin and the iron-chelating siderophores, triacetylfusarinine c and ferricrocin. no structural or immunologically-relevant nrp products have been identified in the organism. we investigated the function of the largest gene in a. fumigatus, which encodes the nrp synthetase pes3 (afua_5 ...	2011	21746855
effect of aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans on pro-inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis epithelium.	background: the identification of filamentous fungi and/or yeasts in the airway secretions of individuals with cystic fibrosis (cf) is becoming increasingly prevalent; yet the importance of these organisms in relation to underlying inflammation is poorly defined. methods: cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells (cfbe) and human bronchial epithelial cells (hbe) were co-incubated with candida albicans whole cells or aspergillus fumigatus conidia for 24h prior to the measurement of pro-inflammat ...	2011	21745765
expression and characterization of a novel lipase from aspergillus fumigatus with high specific activity.	a novel lipase gene from aspergillus fumigatus, afl1-1, was cloned and expressed with a molecular mass of 38 kda in escherichia coli for the first time. the recombinant lipase had a preference for short carbon chain p-nitrophenyl esters, especially toward c2 p-nitrophenyl ester and exhibited potent hydrolysis activity that had not been observed. the optimum ph and temperature of this new enzyme were 8.5 and 65 °c, respectively. the recombinant lipase (afl1-1) is an alkaline enzyme which was stab ...	2011	21744116
synthesis and identification of +¦-aryloxyquinolines and their pyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives as a new class of antimicrobial and antituberculosis agents.	a new class of +¦-aryloxyquinolines 3a-i and their pyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives 6a-r incorporating a validated molecular target has been synthesized via a nucleophilic displacement and a one-pot multicomponent reaction respectively. in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds were investigated against a representative panel of pathogenic strains specifically bacillus subtilis, clostridium tetani, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, vibrio cholera, ...	2011	21741732
a new class of 2-(4-cyanophenyl amino)-4-(6-bromo-4-quinolinyloxy)-6-piperazinyl (piperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazine analogues with antimicrobial/antimycobacterial activity.	this study presents the synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluations of novel 2-(4-cyanophenyl amino)-4-(6-bromo-4-quinolinyloxy)-6-piperazinyl (piperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazines. the title compounds were assayed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against eight bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhi, proteus vulgaris, shigella flexneria) and four fungi (aspergillus niger, aspergillus fumigatus, a ...	2011	21740100
spatial variations in airborne microorganism and endotoxin concentrations at green waste composting facilities.	the emission and dispersal of bioaerosols from open-air commercial composting facilities continues to be contentious. a meta-dataset enumerating cultivable microorganism emission and downwind concentrations is not yet available. a dataset derived from repeated and replicated field studies over a period of two years at two commercial composting facilities is presented. the data characterises patterns in aspergillus fumigatus, actinomycetes, gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin emission and downwi ...	2011	21737345
mouse model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis after inhalation exposure to different microbial antigens associated with organic dusts.	the aim of this study was to reproduce in laboratory conditions hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) pathogenesis in a new animal model predictive of the human response, and to select the microbial antigen associated with organic dust that exerts the strongest pathogenic effect on the respiratory organ. to achieve this goal, mice of the strain c57bl/6j prone to fibrosis were exposed for 1 hour daily up to 28 days to the inhalation of aerosols of each of the 5 microbial components of organic dusts w ...	2011	21736281
antimicrobial activities of hexane extract and decussatin from stembark extract of ficus congensis.	ficus congensis (moraceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including infectious diseases, infertility, and gastrointestinal disorders. investigation of hexane extract of the stem bark using chromatographic techniques led to isolation of a xanthone, 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (decussatin). the compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), uv, ir, and mass spectrometry (ms). decussatin and the hexane extract were ...	2011	21731468
proteomics of eukaryotic microorganisms: the medically and biotechnologically important fungal genus aspergillus.	fungal species of the genus aspergillus play significant roles as model organisms in basic research, as "cell factories" for the production of organic acids, pharmaceuticals or industrially important enzymes and as pathogens causing superficial and invasive infections in animals and humans. the release of the genome sequences of several aspergillus sp. has paved the way for global analyses of protein expression in aspergilli including the characterisation of proteins, which have not designated a ...	2011	21726053
global transcriptome changes underlying colony growth in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus is the most common and deadly pulmonary fungal infection worldwide. in the lung, the fungus usually forms a dense colony of filaments embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. to identify candidate genes involved in this biofilm growth (bf), we used rna-seq to compare the transcriptomes of bf and liquid plankton growth (pl). sequencing and mapping of tens of millions sequence reads against the a. fumigatus transcriptome identified 3,728 differentially regulated genes in ...	2011	21724936
iron homeostasis-achilles' heel of aspergillus fumigatus?	the opportunistic fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus adapts to iron limitation by upregulation of iron uptake mechanisms including siderophore biosynthesis and downregulation of iron-consuming pathways to spare iron. these metabolic changes depend mainly on the transcription factor hapx. consistent with the crucial role of iron in pathophysiology, genetic inactivation of either hapx or the siderophore system attenuates virulence of a. fumigatus in a murine model of aspergillosis. the differen ...	2011	21724450
the allergenicity of aspergillus fumigatus conidia is influenced by growth temperature.	common indoor and outdoor environmental fungi such as aspergillus fumigatus produce asexual spores containing a collection of proteins that can bind ige antibodies and trigger allergic reactions. we characterized the impact of sporulation temperature on the ige-binding capacity (allergenicity) of a. fumigatus and explored the links between variable allergenicity-áand temperature-dependant expression of genes encoding these allergenic proteins. a 12-fold increase in a. fumigatus allergenicity per ...	2011	21724168
novel transition metal complexes of 4-hydroxy-coumarin-3-thiocarbohydrazone: pharmacodynamic of co(iii) on rats and antimicrobial activity.	a new series of stable transition metal complexes of the formula m(l)x·s, where m = cu(ii), ni(ii), co(iii), cr(iii) and fe(iii) and l is the deprotonated ligand of 4-hydroxy-coumarin-3-thiocarbohydrazone, x = cl(-), no(3)(-) or ch(3)coo(-) and s = h(2)o and/or etoh. the hl ligand was prepared by the reaction of 3-formyl-4-hydroxy-coumarine with thiocarbohydrazide in the molar ratio 1:1. the hl ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, (1)h nmr, ir and electronic s ...	2011	21723186
aspergillosis: something more than an aspergillus fumigatus question.		2011	21723166
purification and characterization of a novel cellobiohydrolase (pdcel6a) from penicillium decumbens ju-a10 for bioethanol production.	an acidic cel6a, cellobiohydrolase (cbh) ii, was purified from penicillium decumbens and designated as pdcel6a. the deduced internal amino acid sequence of the novel cbh has a high degree of sequence identity with the cbh ii from aspergillus fumigatus. surprisingly, pdcel6a exhibits characteristics comparable to that of cbh i, as well as cbh ii. similar to cbh i, the novel cbh has a specific activity of 1.9iu/mg against p-nitrophenyl-+¦-d-cellobioside. the enzyme retains about 80% of its maximum ...	2011	21723116
[invasive fungal disease in patients from five hospitals in the valpara+¡so region, chile: 2004 to 2009].	invasive fungal disease (ifd) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immuno-compromised patients. these infections are caused mainly by candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus.	2011	21720691
identification and comparison of cutinases for synthetic polyester degradation.	cutinases have been exploited for a broad range of reactions, from hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble esters to polymer synthesis. to further expand the biotechnological applications of cutinases for synthetic polyester degradation, we perform a comparative activity and stability analysis of five cutinases from alternaria brassicicola (abc), aspergillus fumigatus (afc), aspergillus oryzae (aoc), humicola insolens (hic), and the well-characterized fusarium solani (fsc). of the cutinases, hic dem ...	2011	21713515
universal prophylaxis with fluconazole for the prevention of early invasive fungal infection in low-risk liver transplant recipients.	although antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk liver transplant recipients (ltr) seems to be clearly justified, the efficacy of universal prophylaxis (up) including low-risk patients is controversial.	2011	21709604
expression, purification and characterization of two thermostable endoglucanases cloned from a lignocellulosic decomposing fungi aspergillus fumigatus z5 isolated from compost.	two genes encoding endoglucanase, designated as egl2 and egl3, were cloned from a lignocellulosic decomposing fungus aspergillus fumigatus z5 and were successfully expressed in pichia pastoris x33. the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by egl2 and egl3 showed strong similarity with the sequence of glycoside hydrolase family 5. sds-page and western blot assays indicated that the recombinant enzymes were secreted into the culture medium and the zymogram analysis confirmed that both recombinant ...	2011	21708265
effects of age, gender and time on receptor expression and anti-aspergillus functions of human phagocytes.	phagocytes play a central role in immune defense. their dysfunction predisposes to infections. this study determined the expression level of nine receptors involved in aspergillus immune response as well as the values of phagocytosis and production of radical oxygen species after aspergillus stimulation, in a healthy adult population. the expression values of the cd11b, cd11c, cd14, cd18, cd35, cd181, cd182, cd282 and cd284 receptors on peripheral human monocytes and granulocytes was established ...	2011	21703600
[inhaled antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis].	cystic fibrosis is the most frequent fatal genetically-transmitted disease among caucasians. chronic bronchial infection, especially by pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in this disease. aerosolized antibiotic therapy achieves high drug concentrations in the airway with low toxicity, allowing chronic use. currently, two antibiotics have been approved for inhalation therapy, tobramycin inhalation solution and colistimethate sodium aerosol. there is less evidence ...	2011	21703474
[cardiac invasive aspergillosis in a heart transplant recipient.]	background: solid organ transplant recipients are a population at risk of invasive aspergillosis. the lung and the central nervous system are usually affected. objectives: we report the case of a patient with proven cardiac invasive aspergillosis two years after heart transplantation, and perform a review of cardiac aspergillosis in solid organ transplant recipients. case report: a 52-year old woman received a heart transplant. several complications appeared in the post-operative period, includi ...	2011	21700234
[aspergillus tracheobronchitis in a lung transplant recipient.]	background: : aspergillus tracheobronchitis is an uncommon cause of pulmonary aspergillosis and almost exclusively affects lung transplant recipients. there is no lung tissue involvement, thus the tracheobron-chial tree is only affected. patients are asymptomatic, so it is important to make an early diagnosis to prevent progression of the infection and airway complications. several prophylaxis and treatment strategies have proven to improve the prognosis. clinical case: : this is the case of a 5 ...	2011	21700233
human nk cells display important antifungal activity against aspergillus fumigatus, which is directly mediated by ifn-+¦ release.	despite the strong interest in the nk cell-mediated immunity toward malignant cells and viruses, there is a relative lack of data on the interplay between nk cells and filamentous fungi, especially aspergillus fumigatus, which is the major cause of invasive aspergillosis. by studying the in vitro interaction between human nk cells and a. fumigatus, we found only germinated morphologies to be highly immunogenic, able to induce a th1-like response, and capable of upregulating cytokines such as ifn ...	2011	21697457
substrate specifity profiling of the aspergillus fumigatus proteolytic secretome reveals consensus motifs with predominance of ile/leu and phe/tyr.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus (af) can cause devastating infections in immunocompromised individuals. early diagnosis improves patient outcomes but remains challenging because of the limitations of current methods. to augment the clinician's toolkit for rapid diagnosis of af infections, we are investigating af secreted proteases as novel diagnostic targets. the af genome encodes up to 100 secreted proteases, but fewer than 15 of these enzymes have been characterized thus far. give ...	2011	21695046
studies of antimicrobial activities of some 4-thiazolidinone fused pyrimidines, [1,5]-benzodiazepines and their oxygen substituted hydroxylamine derivatives.	thiazolidin-4-one fused pyrimidines, [1,5]-benzodiazepines and their oxygen substituted hydroxylamine derivatives have been screened for antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activity. bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and salmonella typhi were used for antibacterial screening. aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans were used for antifungal screening and plasmodium species were used for antimalarial screening. the antibacterial and antifungal activities are expresse ...	2010	21694993