Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| phylogenetic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated in argentina. | we have analysed complete or partial vpi sequences of 31 foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses belonging to serotypes a, o and c to determine the genetic relatedness of field strains of fmd virus (fmdv) that have circulated in argentina between 1961 and 1994. phylogenetic analysis, which also included 15 previously published argentinean sequences and six reference strains, revealed that (i) fmd type a strains showed the highest genetic heterogeneity and could be divided into five lineages with a ... | 2001 | 11724271 |
| swine vesicular disease virus. pathology of the disease and molecular characteristics of the virion. | swine vesicular disease is a highly contagious disease of pigs that is caused by an enterovirus of the family picornaviridae. the virus is a relatively recent derivative of the human coxsackievirus b5, with which it has high molecular and antigenic homology. the disease is not severe, and affected animals usually show moderate general weakening and slight weight loss that is recovered in few days, as well as vesicular lesions in the mucosa of the mouth and nose and in the interdigital spaces of ... | 2000 | 11708597 |
| foot and mouth disease in human beings. | 2001 | 11684262 | |
| cleavage of translation initiation factor 4ai (eif4ai) but not eif4aii by foot-and-mouth disease virus 3c protease: identification of the eif4ai cleavage site. | the translation initiation factor eif4a is cleaved within mammalian cells infected by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the fmdv 3c protease cleaves eif4ai (between residues e143 and v144), but not the closely related eif4aii. modification of eif4ai, to produce a sequence identical to eif4aii around the cleavage site, blocked proteolysis. alignment of mammalian eif4ai onto the three-dimensional structure of yeast eif4a located the scissile bond within an exposed, flexible portion of the molec ... | 2001 | 11682048 |
| dynamics of the 2001 uk foot and mouth epidemic: stochastic dispersal in a heterogeneous landscape. | foot-and-mouth is one of the world's most economically important livestock diseases. we developed an individual farm-based stochastic model of the current uk epidemic. the fine grain of the epidemiological data reveals the infection dynamics at an unusually high spatiotemporal resolution. we show that the spatial distribution, size, and species composition of farms all influence the observed pattern and regional variability of outbreaks. the other key dynamical component is long-tailed stochasti ... | 2001 | 11679661 |
| genetic heterogeneity of sat-1 type foot-and-mouth disease viruses in southern africa. | genetic relationships of 50 sat-1 type foot-and-mouth disease viruses were determined by phylogenetic analysis of an homologous 417 nucleotide region encoding the c-terminal half of the vp1 gene and part of the 2a segment. viruses obtained from persistently-infected african buffalo populations were selected in order to assess the regional genetic variation within the host species and compared with ten viruses recovered from recent and historical cases of clinical infection. phylogenetic reconstr ... | 2001 | 11676416 |
| inactivation of viruses by aziridines. | 2001 | 11672893 | |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus lacking the vp1 g-h loop: the mutant spectrum uncovers interactions among antigenic sites for fitness gain. | the arg-gly-asp (rgd) triplet found in the g-h loop of capsid protein vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is critically involved in the interaction of fmdv with integrin receptors and with neutralizing antibodies. multiplication of fmdv c-s8c1 in baby hamster kidney 21 (bhk-21) cells selected variant viruses exploiting alternative mechanisms of cell recognition that rendered the rgd integrin-binding triplet dispensable for infectivity. by constructing chimeric viruses, we show that dispen ... | 2001 | 11601891 |
| antibody neutralization epitopes and integrin binding sites on nonenveloped viruses. | 2001 | 11601890 | |
| foot and mouth disease: a revised policy is required. | 2001 | 11599518 | |
| [round table discussion about foot and mouth disease prevention and control. the goals and differences of opinion on how to get there]. | 2001 | 11596536 | |
| [point of view of knmvd concerning foot and mouth disease marker vaccine]. | 2001 | 11596520 | |
| the nature of the bond between peptide and carrier molecule determines the immunogenicity of the construct. | the influence of the nature of the bond between a peptide and a (lipidic) carrier molecule on the immunogenicity of that construct was investigated. as types of bonds a thioester-, a disulfide-, an amide- and a thioether bond were investigated. as carrier molecules a peptide, an n-palmitoylated peptide or a c(16)-hydrocarbon chain were used. the biostability of the bond between peptide and carrier molecule is thioether > amide > disulfide >> thioester. however, the immunogenic potency of the con ... | 2001 | 11576330 |
| ires interaction with translation initiation factors: functional characterization of novel rna contacts with eif3, eif4b, and eif4gii. | translation initiation promoted by picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements is dependent on the association of specific ires sequences to the initiation factor eif4g. however the rna determinants interacting with other components of the translational machinery are still unknown. in this study, we have identified novel rna-protein interactions between the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) ires and three translation initiation factors. a doublet of 116/110 kda that crosslinked t ... | 2001 | 11565745 |
| efficient virus extinction by combinations of a mutagen and antiviral inhibitors. | the effect of combinations of the mutagenic base analog 5-fluorouracil (fu) and the antiviral inhibitors guanidine hydrochloride (g) and heparin (h) on the infectivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in cell culture has been investigated. related fmdv clones differing up to 10(6)-fold in relative fitness in bhk-21 cells have been compared. systematic extinction of intermediate fitness virus was attained with a combination of fu and g but not with the mutagen or the inhibitor alone. system ... | 2001 | 11559805 |
| tracing movement of african buffalo in southern africa. | genetic characterisation of two pathogens, namely foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus and mycobacterium bovis, isolated from african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in southern africa was used to determine the origin of buffalo in situations where the source of infection was obscure. by determining the phylogenetic relatedness of various fmd virus isolates using partial sequencing of the main antigenic determinant, vp1, the origin of buffalo moved illegally to the non-endemic region of south africa was ... | 2001 | 11548532 |
| evidence that equine rhinitis a virus vp1 is a target of neutralizing antibodies and participates directly in receptor binding. | equine rhinitis a virus (erav) is a respiratory pathogen of horses and is classified as an aphthovirus, the only non-foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) member of this genus. in fmdv, virion protein 1 (vp1) is a major target of protective antibodies and is responsible for viral attachment to permissive cells via an rgd motif located in a distal surface loop. although both viruses share considerable sequence identity, erav vp1 does not contain an rgd motif. to investigate antibody and receptor-bi ... | 2001 | 11533189 |
| the generation and persistence of genetic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus. | genetic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is of interest for at least two reasons. first, changes to the genes encoding capsid proteins results in antigenic variation, and affects vaccine efficiency and effectiveness of vaccination programs; second, genetic changes can lead to important insights into the transport of virus between countries, regions, herds, and even possibly individuals. current estimates of rna virus mutation rates suggest that an average of about one base mis-in ... | 2001 | 11530198 |
| [study on the dna vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus using the heavy chain constant region of swine igg as the carrier for peptide epitopes]. | the peptide of amino acids 141-160 of vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a major b cell epitope and the peptide of amino acids 21-40 is an important t cell epitope. in this study, the dna fragments of 141-160 and 21-40 peptide epitopes of a strain of type o fmdv was chemically synthesized and arranged into a tandem repeat 141-160 (20aa)-21-40 (20aa)-141-160 (20aa). this tandem sequence was fused to the 3' end of the heavy chain constant region gene of swine immunoglobulin g an ... | 2001 | 11517610 |
| hbv core particles as a carrier for b cell/t cell epitopes. | in the middle 80s, recombinant hepatitis b virus cores (hbc) gave onset to icosahedral virus-like particles (vlps) as a basic class of non-infectious carriers of foreign immunological epitopes. the recombinant hbc particles were used to display immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis b, c, and e virus, human rhinovirus, papillomavirus, hantavirus, and influenza virus, human and simian immunodeficiency virus, bovine and feline leukemia virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, murine cytomegalovirus and ... | 2001 | 11509871 |
| subcellular distribution of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 3a protein in cells infected with viruses encoding wild-type and bovine-attenuated forms of 3a. | picornavirus infection induces the proliferation and rearrangement of intracellular membranes in response to the synthesis of nonstructural proteins, including 3a. we have previously shown that changes in 3a are associated with the inability of a taiwanese strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) (otai) to grow in bovine cells and cause disease in cattle, although the virus grows to high titers in porcine cells and is highly virulent in pigs (c. w. beard and p. w. mason, 2000, j. virol. 74, ... | 2001 | 11504550 |
| [molecular characterization of aphthous fever virus isolated during the years 1993-1994 in argentina]. | nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the vp1 structural protein have been used extensively as diagnostic and epidemiological tools for foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv). in this report we have applied this methodology to the analysis of the vp1 coding sequence from fmdv strains isolated in argentina during 1993-1994. the results demonstrated that the field isolates were related to the vaccine strains used at that time. however the involvement of the vaccine virus appeared to be dif ... | 2001 | 11494760 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus: cause of the recent crisis for the uk livestock industry. | the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in the united kingdom is a stark reminder of the economic devastation that this disease can wreak. tracing the origin of such an outbreak is an essential part of disease control. modern molecular methods have been in place for a number of years to enable scientists to identify unambiguously the strain of virus responsible. however, tracing the precise origin of such a strain is not so straightforward because the virus can move rapidly around th ... | 2001 | 11485797 |
| detailed analysis of the requirements of hepatitis a virus internal ribosome entry segment for the eukaryotic initiation factor complex eif4f. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) is unique among the picornavirus iress in that it is inactive in the presence of either the entero- and rhinovirus 2a or aphthovirus lb proteinases. since these proteinases both cleave eukaryotic initiation factor 4g (eif4g) and hav ires activity could be rescued in vitro by addition of eif4f to proteinase-treated extracts, it was concluded that the hav ires requires eif4f containing intact eif4g. here, we show that the inability ... | 2001 | 11483730 |
| activity of the hepatitis a virus ires requires association between the cap-binding translation initiation factor (eif4e) and eif4g. | the question of whether translation initiation factor eif4e and the complete eif4g polypeptide are required for initiation dependent on the ires (internal ribosome entry site) of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been examined using in vitro translation in standard and eif4g-depleted rabbit reticulocyte lysates. in agreement with previous publications, the hav ires is unique among all picornavirus iress in that it was inhibited if translation initiation factor eif4g was cleaved by foot-and-mouth disea ... | 2001 | 11483729 |
| truncated initiation factor eif4g lacking an eif4e binding site can support capped mrna translation. | picornavirus proteases cleave translation initiation factor eif4g into a c-terminal two-thirds fragment (hereafter named p100) and an n-terminal one-third fragment, which interacts with the cap-binding factor eif4e. as the timing of this cleavage correlates broadly with the shut-off of host cell protein synthesis in infected cells, a very widespread presumption has been that p100 cannot support capped mrna translation. through the use of an eif4g-depleted reticulocyte lysate system, we show that ... | 2001 | 11483526 |
| predicting herd protection against foot-and-mouth disease by testing individual and bulk tank milk samples. | four groups of cattle were tested for antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus type o(1) over three 70 day vaccination cycles using the liquid-phase-blocking-elisa (lpbe). first lactation cows showed the lowest titres and group protection levels (gpls) against fmd virus strains with 'r' values < or =0.5 while second lactation animals gave the highest results. when mean serum titres for each group and sampling date were plotted against gpl a strong correlation was found. revaccinatio ... | 2001 | 11483220 |
| a solid-phase competition elisa for measuring antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a solid-phase competition elisa has been developed to measure antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus and has been validated using an extensive range of sera from cattle. the assay uses polyclonal antisera and inactivated purified 146s antigens of fmd virus and was compared with the liquid-phase blocking elisa and the virus neutralisation test on a range of serum sets. when examining test sera at a 1:5 dilution with a cut-off point of 30% inhibition of reaction, the solid-phase competit ... | 2001 | 11483215 |
| tricistronic viral vectors co-expressing interleukin-12 (1l-12) and cd80 (b7-1) for the immunotherapy of cancer: preclinical studies in myeloma. | synergy between interleukin-12 (il-12) and b7-1 (cd80) for cancer immunotherapy has previously been demonstrated in animal models of breast cancer, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. with a view to human clinical application, tricistronic retroviral and adenovirus vectors co-expressing il-12 (il-12p40 plus il-12p35) and cd80 were constructed by utilizing two internal ribosome entry site (ires) sequences to link the three cdnas. a murine stem cell virus (mscv)-based retroviral vector (mscv-hil12.b7) ... | 2001 | 11477456 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase: involvement of c-terminal residues in self-processing and cleavage of eif4gi. | the leader proteinase (l(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus frees itself from the nascent polyprotein, cleaving between its own c terminus and the n terminus of vp4 at the sequence lys-leu-lys- downward arrow-gly-ala-gly. subsequently, the l(pro) impairs protein synthesis from capped mrnas in the infected cell by processing a host protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4gi, at the sequence asn-leu-gly- downward arrow-arg-thr-thr. a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system was used to examine the subs ... | 2001 | 11459842 |
| evidence of secondary structure by high-resolution magic angle spinning nmr spectroscopy of a bioactive peptide bound to different solid supports. | the structure of the 19-amino acid peptide epitope, corresponding to the 141-159 sequence of capsid viral protein vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), bound to three different resins, namely, polystyrene-mbha, pega, and poepop, has been determined by high-resolution magic angle spinning (hrmas) nmr spectroscopy. a combination of homonuclear and heteronuclear bidimensional experiments was used for the complete peptide resonance assignment and the qualitative characterization of the peptide ... | 2001 | 11457175 |
| direct and indirect contact rates among beef, dairy, goat, sheep, and swine herds in three california counties, with reference to control of potential foot-and-mouth disease transmission. | to estimate direct and indirect contact rates on livestock facilities and distance traveled between herd contacts. | 2001 | 11453490 |
| molecular epidemiology of serotype o foot-and-mouth disease virus with emphasis on west and south africa. | genetic relationships of serotype o foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses recovered from outbreaks of the disease in the west african countries of niger, burkina faso and, ghana (1988-1993) and those from south africa (2000) were determined by partial vp1 gene characterization. a 581-bp fragment, corresponding to the c-terminus half of the id (vp1 gene) region was amplified and sequenced. an homologous region of 495 nucleotides was ultimately used to determine genetic relationships of serotype o ... | 2001 | 11450953 |
| the non-structural leader protein gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus is highly variable between serotypes. | aphthoviruses are unique among picornaviruses in that they alone encode a functional l proteinase as the first component of the viral polyprotein. the l genes of a few indian foot-and-mouth disease viruses were sequenced and compared with those available to study the extent of variation in this gene. besides the two in-frame start codons present in all fmdv l genes, the asia-i vaccine virus had an additional in-frame aug (start) codon, at codon position 3. amino acid sequence comparison revealed ... | 2001 | 11450945 |
| development of a rapid chromatographic strip test for the pen-side detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is the most contagious animal virus disease of cloven-hoofed livestock and requires reliable and accurate diagnosis for the implementation of measures to control effectively its spread. routine diagnosis of fmd is carried out at the oie/fao world reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease (wrl for fmd), pirbright by the combined use of elisa and virus isolation in cell culture supplemented by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) methods. thes ... | 2001 | 11445149 |
| efficient accommodation of recombinant, foot-and-mouth disease virus rgd peptides to cell-surface integrins. | the engineering of either complete virus cell-binding proteins or derived ligand peptides generates promising nonviral vectors for cell targeting and gene therapy. in this work, we have explored the molecular interaction between a recombinant, integrin-binding foot-and-mouth disease virus rgd peptide displayed on the surface of a carrier protein and its receptors on the cell surface. by increasing the number of viral segments, cell binding to recombinant proteins was significantly improved. this ... | 2001 | 11444826 |
| enhancement of the immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus by dna priming and protein boosting immunization. | subunit vaccination is effective in eliciting humoral responses to a variety of viral antigens, however, it has not generated persistent protective immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). in this study, we observed that priming mice with a dna plasmid encoding vp1 of the fmdv o/taiwan/97 capsid protein followed by boosting with a vp1 peptide conjugate (p29-klh) resulted in production of not only high titers of antibodies but also antibodies with fmdv neutralizing activities. moreover, t ... | 2001 | 11427276 |
| gene gun-mediate dna vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is one of the most dangerous diseases of cloven-hoofed animals and is a constant threat in the middle-east and other regions throughout the world despite intensive vaccination programs. in this work, we describe the ability of fmdv expression constructs to protect pigs from fmdv challenge when used as a vaccine. the construct consists of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires), the entire p1 and 2a together with 3cd sequences, all in the ... | 2001 | 11427262 |
| recombinant aav vectors containing the foot and mouth disease virus 2a sequence confer efficient bicistronic gene expression in cultured cells and rat substantia nigra neurons. | recombinant adeno-associated viruses (raavs) are promising vectors for gene therapy since they efficiently and stably transduce a variety of tissues of immunocompetent animals. the major disadvantage of raavs is their limited capacity to package foreign dna (< or =5 kb). often, co-expression of two or more genes from a single viral vector is desirable to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy or to track transduced cells in vivo by suitable reporter genes. the internal ribosome entry site (ires) s ... | 2001 | 11423934 |
| retroviral vector-mediated expression of hoxb4 in hematopoietic cells using a novel coexpression strategy. | retroviral vector-mediated expression of the homeoboxgene, hoxb4, in hematopoietic cells has been reported to mediate a benign expansion of gene-modified hematopoietic stem and precursor cells in vivo. in the present study, we used a novel coexpression strategy for coordinated expression of hoxb4 along with a cytoplasmic protein from a retroviral vector. the novel coexpression strategy, based on cotranslational protein separation mediated by the 2a sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) ... | 2001 | 11420646 |
| equine rhinitis a virus: structural proteins and immune response. | equine rhinitis a virus (erav) is a picornavirus that has been reclassified as a member of the aphthovirus genus because of its resemblance to foot-and-mouth disease virus at the level of nucleotide sequence and overall genomic structure. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of three of the four capsid proteins of erav was determined and showed that the proteolytic cleavage sites within the precursor p1 polypeptide occur exactly as those predicted for an aphthovirus-like 3c protease, which generat ... | 2001 | 11413384 |
| induction of a protective response in swine vaccinated with dna encoding foot-and-mouth disease virus empty capsid proteins and the 3d rna polymerase. | this work focuses on the development of a potential recombinant dna vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). such a vaccine would have significant advantages over the conventional inactivated virus vaccine, in particular having none of the risks associated with the high security requirements for working with live virus. the principal aim of this strategy was to stimulate an antibody response to native, neutralizing epitopes of empty fmdv capsids generated in vivo. thus, a plasmid (pc ... | 2001 | 11413383 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus can utilize the c-terminal extension of coxsackievirus a9 vp1 for cell infection. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is known to employ the conserved arg-gly-asp (rgd) tripeptide located on the variable betag-betah loop of the vp1 capsid protein for binding to cells. coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) also carries an rgd sequence, but on a short c-terminal extension of its vp1 and in a different amino acid context. this apparent relationship raised the question of whether insertion of the heterologous cav9 sequence into fmdv would influence infection by the genetically modified fmdv. ... | 2001 | 11413382 |
| a nonviral peptide can replace the entire n terminus of zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus coat protein and permits viral systemic infection. | systematic deletion and peptide tagging of the amino-terminal domain (nt, ~43 amino acids) of an attenuated zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (zymv-agii) coat protein (cp) were used to elucidate its role in viral systemic infection. deletion mutants truncated by 8, 13, and 33 amino acid residues from the cp-nt 5' end were systemically infectious and produced symptoms similar to those of the agii virus. tagging these deletion mutants with either human c-myc (myc) or hexahistidine peptides maintain ... | 2001 | 11413299 |
| fmd control strategies. | 2001 | 11400993 | |
| molecular analysis of peptides from the gh loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus c-s30 using surface plasmon resonance: a role for kinetic rate constants. | a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) field variant, isolate c-s30 (also named c(1)-barcelona), is known to contain four changes within the main antigenic site a (gh loop of capsid protein vp1, residues 136-150), at least one of which (leu147-->val) involves a highly conserved position, critical for antibody recognition in the reference strain c-s8c1. however, immunoenzymatic analysis of fmdv c-s30 showed it was recognised by 4c4, a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets site a. this rema ... | 2000 | 11395136 |
| genetic and antigenic analysis of type a foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated in india during 1987-1996. | twenty-three foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type a field isolates, recovered from different outbreaks during 1987-1996 in india, were subjected to antigenic and genetic analysis. the isolates showed a close antigenic relationship to the current vaccine strain (ind 17/77) in micro-neutralization test conducted using a vaccine strain (ind 17/77) antiserum and a peptide (aa 136-151 of vp1 protein of the a22/azerbaijan/65 strain) antiserum. however, the isolates revealed minor antigenic differe ... | 2001 | 11394573 |
| molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated from ruminants in taiwan in 1999-2000. | in 1999, 10 sporadic outbreaks of cattle foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) occurred in taiwan. by the time, infection was limited to the chinese yellow cattle (a native species of beef cattle in mainland china), which did not develop vesicular lesions under field conditions. five viruses isolates obtained from individual farms were confirmed to be the serotype o fmd virus (o/taiwan/1999). during january-february 2000, however, this virus has spread to dairy cattle and goat herds, causing severe morta ... | 2001 | 11390103 |
| inhibition of l-deleted foot-and-mouth disease virus replication by alpha/beta interferon involves double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase. | we previously demonstrated that the ability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to form plaques in cell culture is associated with the suppression of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta). in the present study, we used escherichia coli-expressed porcine and bovine ifn-alpha or -beta individually to demonstrate that each was equally effective in inhibiting fmdv replication. the block in fmdv replication appeared to be at the level of protein translation, suggesting a role for double-stranded ... | 2001 | 11356957 |
| the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of hepatitis c virus visualized by electron microscopy. | translation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna is initiated via the internal ribosome entry site (ires), located within the 5' untranslated region. although the secondary structure of this element has been predicted, little information on the tertiary structure is available. here we report the first structural characterization of the hcv ires using electron microscopy. in vitro transcribed rna appeared as particles with characteristic morphology and gold labeling using a specific oligonucleotide con ... | 2001 | 11350030 |
| construction of regulatable picornavirus ireses as a test of current models of the mechanism of internal translation initiation. | picornavirus internal ribosome entry sites (iress) are approximately 450 nt. rna elements that direct internal initiation of translation, such that when placed between the two cistrons of a dicistronic construct, they drive independent translation of the downstream cistron. consequently they have been widely used for coordinated expression of two or more proteins. all picornavirus iress have an aug triplet at the very 3' end, which is thought to be the actual site of internal ribosome entry. how ... | 2001 | 11350029 |
| antigenicity modulation upon peptide cyclization: application to the gh loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus strain c1-barcelona. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) isolate c(1)-barcelona (or c-s30) includes four replacements within its immunodominant site (gh loop, residues 136-150 of capsid protein vp1, yttstrgdlahvtat), relative to reference strain c-s8c1 (ytasargdlahlttt). although one of the mutations in c-s30 (147leu-->val) is known to be detrimental for antibody recognition, reactivity of this isolate with the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) 4c4, raised against fmdv c1-brescia (gh loop: ytastrgdlahltat), was ... | 2001 | 11348711 |
| [transmission of the foot and mouth disease virus through milk and meat products is not a threat for human health]. | 2001 | 11338619 | |
| molecular intermediates of fitness gain of an rna virus: characterization of a mutant spectrum by biological and molecular cloning. | the mutant spectrum of a virus quasispecies in the process of fitness gain of a debilitated foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) clone has been analysed. the mutant spectrum was characterized by nucleotide sequencing of three virus genomic regions (internal ribosome entry site; region between the two aug initiation codons; vp1-coding region) from 70 biological clones (virus from individual plaques formed on bhk-21 cell monolayers) and 70 molecular clones (rt--pcr products cloned in e. coli). the ... | 2001 | 11297679 |
| the 'cleavage' activities of foot-and-mouth disease virus 2a site-directed mutants and naturally occurring '2a-like' sequences. | the 2a/2b cleavage of aphtho- and cardiovirus 2a polyproteins is mediated by their 2a proteins 'cleaving' at their own c termini. we have analysed this activity using artificial reporter polyprotein systems comprising green fluorescent protein (gfp) linked via foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 2a to beta-glucuronidase (gus) -- forming a single, long, open reading frame. analysis of the distribution of radiolabel showed a high proportion of the in vitro translation products (approximately 90%) ... | 2001 | 11297677 |
| analysis of the aphthovirus 2a/2b polyprotein 'cleavage' mechanism indicates not a proteolytic reaction, but a novel translational effect: a putative ribosomal 'skip'. | the 2a region of the aphthovirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) polyprotein is only 18 aa long. a 'primary' intramolecular polyprotein processing event mediated by 2a occurs at its own c terminus. fmdv 2a activity was studied in artificial polyproteins in which sequences encoding reporter proteins flanked the 2a sequence such that a single, long, open reading frame was created. the self-processing properties of these artificial polyproteins were investigated and the co-translational 'cleava ... | 2001 | 11297676 |
| outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o in the uk caused by a pandemic strain. | 2001 | 11292084 | |
| role of the cytoplasmic domain of the beta-subunit of integrin alpha(v)beta6 in infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus. | field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) are believed to use rgd-dependent integrins as cellular receptors in vivo. using sw480 cell transfectants, we have recently established that one such integrin, alpha(v)beta6, functions as a receptor for fmdv. this integrin was shown to function as a receptor for virus attachment. however, it was not known if the alpha(v)beta6 receptor itself participated in the events that follow virus binding to the host cell. in the present study, we invest ... | 2001 | 11287565 |
| induction of a virus-specific antibody response to foot and mouth disease virus using the structural protein vp1 expressed in transgenic potato plants. | we have recently communicated the oral and parental immunogenicity of the structural protein vp1 of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) expressed in different transgenic plants. those results clearly indicated the necessity of increasing the expression of the foreign genes in the transgenic plant to avoid additional steps toward the purification and/or concentration of the antigen of interest. here, we report the production of transgenic potatoes plants containing the vp1 gene cloned under the r ... | 2001 | 11270596 |
| nucleotide sequence of genome segment 5 from bombyx mori cypovirus 1. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the double-stranded rna genome segments 5 (s5) from bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (bmcpv-1) strains i and h were determined. the segments consisted of 2,852 nucleotides encoding putative proteins of 881 amino acids with molecular masses of approximately 101 kda (p101). a homology search showed that p101 has high similarity (93%) to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 2a protease (2apro) at amino acid position 219 to 235. these findings suggest the possibility that ... | 2001 | 11266213 |
| a single amino acid substitution in nonstructural protein 3a can mediate adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease virus to the guinea pig. | the genetic changes selected during the adaptation of a clonal population of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to the guinea pig have been analyzed. fmdv clone c-s8c1 was adapted to the guinea pig by serial passage in the animals until secondary lesions were observed. analysis of the virus directly recovered from the lesions developed by the animals revealed the selection of variants with two amino acid substitutions in nonstructural proteins, i(248)-->t in 2c and q(44)-->r in 3a. on further p ... | 2001 | 11264387 |
| functional interaction of translation initiation factor eif4g with the foot-and-mouth disease virus internal ribosome entry site. | in the life-cycle of picornaviruses, the synthesis of the viral polyprotein is initiated cap-independently at the internal ribosome entry site (ires) far downstream from the 5' end of the viral plus-strand rna. the cis-acting ires rna elements serve as binding sites for translation initiation factors that guide the ribosomes to an internal site of the viral rna. in this study, we show that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif4g interacts directly with the ires of foot-and-mouth disea ... | 2001 | 11257179 |
| residual foot-and-mouth disease virus antibodies in french cattle and sheep six years after the vaccination ban. | a serological survey was carried out on french cattle to establish a reference pattern of residual vaccine antibodies and non-specific reactions against the foot-and-mouth disease virus 6 years after the ban on vaccination and in the absence of any foot-and-mouth disease outbreak. most of the multi-vaccinated cattle still displayed high titres of antibodies and up to 50% of those which had received a single injection still had antibodies. non-specific reactors were also recorded among animals bo ... | 2001 | 11254180 |
| identification of optimal regions for phylogenetic studies on vp1 gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus: analysis of types a and o argentinean viruses. | an analysis of the informative content of sequence stretches on the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vpi gene was applied to two important viral serotypes: a and o. several sequence regions were identified to allow the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees equivalent to those derived from the whole vpi gene. the optimal informative regions for sequence windows of 150 to 250 nt were predicted between positions 250 and 550 of the gene. the sequences spanning the 250 nt of the 3' end (positions 4 ... | 2001 | 11254175 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus: a long known virus, but a current threat. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was the first animal virus identified. since then, fmdv has become a model system in animal virology and a considerable amount of information on its structure, biology and vaccinology has been obtained. however, the disease that this virus produces (fmd) still constitutes one of the main animal health concerns. in this review, we have attempted to summarise the state of the knowledge in different basic and applied areas of fmdv research, with emphasis on those ... | 2001 | 11254174 |
| identification of t-cell epitopes in nonstructural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | porcine t-cell recognition of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) nonstructural proteins (nsp) was tested using in vitro lymphoproliferative responses. lymphocytes were obtained from outbred pigs experimentally infected with fmdv. of the different nsp, polypeptides 3a, 3b, and 3c gave the highest stimulations in the in vitro assays. the use of overlapping synthetic peptides allowed the identification of amino acid regions within these proteins that were efficiently recognized by the lymphocytes. ... | 2001 | 11238843 |
| immune responses and protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) challenge in swine vaccinated with adenovirus-fmdv constructs. | a replication-defective adenovirus 5 encoding foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid and 3c proteinase coding regions (ad5-fmdv3cwt) was used to vaccinate swine. a single inoculation utilizing 1 x 10(8) plaque forming units (pfu) or an inoculation of 1 x 10(8) followed by a boost of 5 x 10(8) pfu ad5-fmdv3cwt were tested, along with an inoculation and boost using an adenovirus encoding the fmdv capsid coding region and an inactive form of the 3c proteinase (ad5-fmdv3cmut). sera collected fro ... | 2001 | 11228388 |
| type-independent detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by monoclonal antibodies that bind to amino-terminal residues of capsid protein vp2. | the characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against the foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates a22 iraq/1964, asia1 shamir-israel/1989, and sat1 zimbabwe/1989 with regard to neutralizing activity and sensitivity of their epitopes for treatment with trypsin, resulted in the identification of one non-neutralizing antibody in each panel that binds to a trypsin-sensitive epitope. furthermore, each of these antibodies recognized 27 isolates of different provenance, representative of six serot ... | 2001 | 11226567 |
| viral capsid mobility: a dynamic conduit for inactivation. | mass spectrometry and fluorescent probes have provided direct evidence that alkylating agents permeate the protein capsid of naked viruses and chemically inactivate the nucleic acid. n-acetyl-aziridine and a fluorescent alkylating agent, dansyl sulfonate aziridine, inactivated three different viruses, flock house virus, human rhinovirus-14, and foot and mouth disease virus. mass spectral studies as well as fluorescent probes showed that alkylation of the genome was the mechanism of inactivation. ... | 2001 | 11226229 |
| the localization of persistent foot and mouth disease virus in the epithelial cells of the soft palate and pharynx. | after contact with foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), cattle may become persistently infected, regardless of their pre-existing immune status or whether they develop clinical disease. the cellular sites of fmdv persistence have not previously been determined. the use of in-situ hybridization in combination with tyramide signal amplification (tsa) provided the first direct evidence that fmdv rna is localized within the epithelial cells of the soft palate and pharynx during persistent infection, ... | 2001 | 11222004 |
| genetic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o isolates responsible for field outbreaks in india between 1993 and 1999. | partial nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of id (vp1-encoding) gene of 90 foot-and-mouth disease virus type o isolates recovered from field outbreaks in india between 1993-9 were determined. the sequences were compared with each other and reference viruses. the published sequences of 15 type o isolates recovered from different parts of asia and one isolate (o1bfs) from europe and one from egypt (o1/sharquia/egypt/72) were also included in the analysis for comparison. on the basis of phylogenetic ... | 2000 | 11218224 |
| a novel protein-rna binding assay: functional interactions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus internal ribosome entry site with cellular proteins. | translation initiation on foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna occurs by a cap-independent mechanism directed by a highly structured element (approximately 435 nt) termed an internal ribosome entry site (ires). a functional assay to identify proteins that bind to the fmdv ires and are necessary for fmdv ires-mediated translation initiation has been developed. in vitro-transcribed polyadenylated rnas corresponding to the whole or part of the fmdv ires were immobilized on oligo-dt dynabeads and ... | 2001 | 11214173 |
| sequence analysis of the rna polymerase gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1. | the complete nucleotide (nt.) sequence of the rna polymerase (3d) gene and 81 nt. in the 3'-untranslated region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asial (ind63/72) was determined and compared with the sequence of other fmdv serotypes. the 3d genomic region was 1410 nt. long encoding 470 amino acids with an inframe stop codon (taa) at nt. position 1411-1413. the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein showed 8 conserved motifs as reported in other picornaviruses, 2 of which are 10 ... | 2001 | 11210935 |
| [synthetic peptide designs based on immunoactive fragments of the vp1 protein of the foot-and-mouth disease virus strain a22]. | peptide constructs consisting of 44-53 aa were synthesized on the basis of sequences 135-159, 170-190 and 197-213 of vp1 from the foot-and-mouth disease a22 strain. immunogenic and protective properties of the peptide constructs were studied in guinea pigs and mice of three lines. the constructs were shown to induce higher levels of antibodies and exhibit higher protective effects than the separate peptides. the most active among the peptides studied was the construct involving the vp1 fragments ... | 2000 | 11195591 |
| structural and biochemical features distinguish the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase from other papain-like enzymes. | the structures of the two leader protease (lpro) variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus known to date were solved using crystals in which molecules were organized as molecular fibers. such crystals diffract to a resolution of only approximately 3 a. this singular, pseudo-polymeric organization is present in a new lpro crystal form showing a cubic packing. as molecular fiber formation appeared unrelated to crystallization conditions, we mutated the reactive cysteine 133 residue, which makes a d ... | 2000 | 11183785 |
| development and standardization of a piezo electric immunobiosensor for foot and mouth disease virus typing. | an immunobiosensor using a piezo electric (pz) crystal was developed and standardized for foot and mouth disease (fmd) diagnosis and virus typing. a 6mhz quartz crystal was used as the frequency determining element. foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) type specific antibody raised in rabbits/monoclonal antibody was coated on the crystal surface and the resonance measured. one microlitre of the 10% aqueous suspension of the clinical sample (tongue or foot epithelium) was applied on both surfaces ... | 2001 | 11182498 |
| development of a novel real-time rt-pcr assay for quantitation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in diverse porcine tissues. | pigs are more difficult to immunise and more variable in their response to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) than other livestock species. this has important consequences for fmd control during both prophylactic vaccination programmes in endemic situations and when emergency vaccination may be used as an adjunct to stamping out during outbreaks in countries normally free from the disease. the rapid and effective control of fmd in pigs is especially important in regions of high pig density since infec ... | 2001 | 11164915 |
| emergence in asia of foot-and-mouth disease viruses with altered host range: characterization of alterations in the 3a protein. | in 1997, an epizootic in taiwan, province of china, was caused by a type o foot-and-mouth disease virus which infected pigs but not cattle. the virus had an altered 3a protein, which harbored a 10-amino-acid deletion and a series of substitutions. here we show that this deletion is present in the earliest type o virus examined from the region (from 1970), whereas substitutions surrounding the deletion accumulated over the last 29 years. analyses of the growth of these viruses in bovine cells sug ... | 2001 | 11152528 |
| evidence for positive selection in the capsid protein-coding region of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) subjected to experimental passage regimens. | we present sequence data from two genomic regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) subjected to several experimental passage regimens. maximum-likelihood estimates of the nonsynonymous-to-synonymous rate ratio parameter (d(n)/d(s)) suggested the action of positive selection on some antigenic sites of the fmdv capsid during some experimental passages. these antigenic sites showed an accumulation of convergent amino acid replacements during massive serial cytolytic passages and also in persi ... | 2001 | 11141188 |
| evidence for positive selection in foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid genes from field isolates. | the nature of selection on capsid genes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was characterized by examining the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in 11 data sets of sequences obtained from six different serotypes of fmdv. using a method of analysis that assigns each codon position to one of a number of estimated values of nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio, significant evidence of positive selection was identified in 5 data sets, operating at 1-7% of codon positions. evidence o ... | 2001 | 11139487 |
| association of bovine drb3 alleles with immune response to fmdv peptides and protection against viral challenge. | we have analysed the influence of bovine mhc (bola) polymorphism on the immune response and degree of protection induced by peptide vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in cattle. the peptides used for animal immunisation were: a (vp1(138-156)), at (peptide a linked to vp1(21-40)) and act (peptide a, linked to vp1(196-209) and vp1(21-40)). sixteen different drb3 types were found among the 46 cattle analysed by pcr-rflp typing. no absolute correlation was observed, for any type, with the ... | 2000 | 11137253 |
| evaluation of three 'ready to formulate' oil adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine production. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type or(2)/75, grown on bhk 21 clone 13 cell monolayers, was inactivated with formalin. the virus was clarified and was either concentrated with 8% polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg) or used in its untreated form for the preparation of oil adjuvant vaccines. the oil adjuvants used in this study were montanide isa 206 (which renders a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) type of emulsion), montanide isa 57 and montanide isa 50v (both of which render water-in-oil (w/o) typ ... | 2000 | 11137244 |
| porcine alveolar macrophages: poor accessory or effective suppressor cells for t-lymphocytes. | porcine alv-mphi from bronchoalveolar lavages were tested for their function in an in vitro foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv)-specific lymphoproliferative recall response. the alv-mphi were seen to be poor accessory cells when compared with peripheral blood monocytes. this poor capacity was evident despite an efficient expression of sla-dr region antigens, and other co-stimulatory adhesion molecules. it was noted that alv-mphi secrete relatively little interleukin 1 (il-1beta), with or without ... | 2000 | 11137117 |
| deletion or substitution of the aphthovirus 3' ncr abrogates infectivity and virus replication. | the 3' noncoding region (ncr) of the genomic picornaviral rna is believed to contain major cis-acting signals required for negative-strand rna synthesis. the 3' ncr of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was studied in the context of a full-length infectious clone in which the genetic element was deleted or exchanged for the equivalent region of a distantly related swine picornavirus, swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). deletion of the 3' ncr, while maintaining the intact poly(a) tail as well ... | 2001 | 11125162 |
| the ability of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) to function as a receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus is not dependent on the presence of complete subunit cytoplasmic domains. | the integrin alpha(v)beta(3) has been shown to function as one of the integrin receptors on cultured cells for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and high-efficiency utilization of the bovine homolog of this integrin is dependent on the cysteine-rich repeat region of the bovine beta(3) subunit. in this study we have examined the role of the cytoplasmic domains of the alpha(v) and beta(3) subunits in fmdv infection. we have found that truncations or extensions of these domains of either subunit ... | 2001 | 11119622 |
| the inactivation of foot and mouth disease, aujeszky's disease and classical swine fever viruses in pig slurry. | the aim of the study was to investigate the decontamination of pig slurry containing exotic viruses of pigs, foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). laboratory-scale decontamination experiments showed that fmdv, adv and csfv were heat inactivated in slurry within 3 min at 67 degrees c, 3 min at 62 degrees c and 3 min at 60 degrees c and in glasgow eagles medium within 5 min at 67 degrees c, 4 min at 65 degrees c and 2 min at 65 ... | 2000 | 11119149 |
| expression of a foreign epitope by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the potential of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) as a viral vector was explored by the insertion of a sequence encoding a foreign antigen into the infectious cdna clone of the lelystad virus isolate. an epitope of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of human influenza a virus was introduced at the 5' end and at the 3' end of orf7, in each case resulting in a fusion protein between the ha epitope and the nucleocapsid (n) protein. furthermore, in the construct carrying the h ... | 2000 | 11118361 |
| plasmids encoding foot-and-mouth disease virus vp1 epitopes elicited immune responses in mice and swine and protected swine against viral infection. | vp1 is a capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and contains epitopes of the virus. plasmids encoding two vp1 epitopes (amino acid residues 141-160 and 200-213) and a host-self immunoglobulin molecule were constructed to produce a new type of fmd dna vaccine. two plasmids, namely, pceim and pceis, containing mouse immunoglobulin (igg) or swine igg were subjected to immunogenicity testing in mice and swine, respectively. in mice administrated pceim in the abdomen using a genegun, b ... | 2000 | 11112477 |
| identification of antigenic epitopes on the foot and mouth disease virus isolate o1/manisa/turkey/69 using monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was produced against a strain of type o foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) from the middle east, o1/manisa/turkey/69. seven neutralising mabs were fully characterised and all were found to react with conformational epitopes. monoclonal antibody neutralisation-resistant mutants (marms) were generated from the parental virus stock and the complete capsid sequences of these marms were determined. sequence analysis revealed that five of the marms had am ... | 2000 | 11107617 |
| development of reverse transcription-pcr (oligonucleotide probing) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis and preliminary typing of foot-and-mouth disease: a new system using simple and aqueous-phase hybridization. | a reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system that detects a relatively conserved region within the rna genome of all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) has been developed. the high specificity of the assay is achieved by including a rapid hybridization step with a biotin-labeled internal oligonucleotide. the assay is highly sensitive, fast, and easy to perform. a similar assay, based on a highly variable region of the fmdv genome and employing ... | 2000 | 11101603 |
| internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation initiation in equine rhinitis a virus: similarities to and differences from that of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | equine rhinitis a virus (erav) has recently been classified as an aphthovirus, a genus otherwise comprised of the different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). fmdv initiates translation via a type ii internal ribosomal entry site (ires) and utilizes two in-frame aug codons to produce the leader proteinases lab and lb. here we show that the erav 5' nontranslated region also possesses the core structures of a type ii ires. the functional activity of this region was characterized by ... | 2000 | 11090170 |
| carriers of foot-and-mouth disease virus: a review. | this review describes current knowledge about persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infections, the available methods to detect carrier animals, the properties of persisting virus, the immunological mechanisms, and the risk of transmission. in particular, knowledge about the carrier state, the period in which virus can be isolated from animals 28 days or longer post infection, is important, because the risk that animals may carry the virus will influence the diagnostic and preventive me ... | 2000 | 11087128 |
| interaction of the eif4g initiation factor with the aphthovirus ires is essential for internal translation initiation in vivo. | the strategies developed by internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements to recruit the translational machinery are poorly understood. in this study we show that protein-rna interaction of the eif4g translation initiation factor with sequences of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) ires is a key determinant of internal translation initiation in living cells. moreover, we have identified the nucleotides required for eif4g-rna functional interaction, using native proteins from fmdv-susceptible ... | 2000 | 11073214 |
| the role of management segregations in controlling intra-herd foot-and-mouth disease. | transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) by aerosol spread can occur over considerable distances. however, this is less effective in hot, dry environmental conditions, and a detailed study of an outbreak within a large dairy herd in saudi arabia has shown that contact spread is the main mode of transmission within a herd: both physical and spatial barriers curtailed the course of disease across the farm. hence, the speed and path of an outbreak can be altered by changing the positioni ... | 2000 | 11059037 |
| presentation of antigenic sites from foot-and-mouth disease virus on the surface of baculovirus and in the membrane of infected cells. | we describe the construction of recombinant baculoviruses displaying on their surface and in the membrane of infected cells the small, immunodominant antigenic site (site a) or the large polyprotein (p1) coding for the four structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the coding sequences were inserted in the amino-terminus of gp64, the major glycoprotein of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). following infection of insect cells with the reco ... | 2000 | 11043943 |
| extremely efficient cleavage of eif4g by picornaviral proteinases l and 2a in vitro. | certain picornaviruses encode proteinases which cleave the translation initiation factor eif4g, a member of the eif4f complex which recruits mrna to the 40s ribosomal subunit during initiation of protein synthesis in eukaryotes. we have compared the efficiency of eif4g cleavage in rabbit reticulocyte lysates during translation of mrnas encoding the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase (lpro) or the human rhinovirus 2apro. under standard translation conditions, lpro cleaved 50% of eif4g ... | 2000 | 11034318 |
| an immunoglobulin g based chimeric protein induced foot-and-mouth disease specific immune response in swine. | epitopes containing the residues 141aa-160aa and 200aa-213aa from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) serotype o1k hk type fmdv vp1 were joined to a swine immunoglobulin g single heavy chain constant region (scigg), creating a novel chimeric protein, named f1-scigg. in this study, inoculation with f1-scigg induced both fmd virus-neutralizing antibody response and t cell response in swine. antisera from these f1-scigg-inoculated swine protected suckling mice against 1000 lethal dose 50 (1000ld(50)) fmd ... | 2000 | 11027819 |
| comparison of amino acid sequences at the amino acid 130-160 region of vp1 polypeptide of indian field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia 1. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences in the amino acid (aa) 130-160 region of vp1 polypeptide of 65 field isolates of foot- and mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asia 1 were determined and the consensus sequences were deduced. comparison of amino acid sequences revealed conservation of ngk (130-132), tyg (134-136), rgd (142-144), and lptsf (156-160) motifs and aa 148 (l) while variation was observed at the rest of the region (variability index (vi) of 2.06 to 16.85). synonymous and ... | 2000 | 10989699 |
| tricistronic and tetracistronic retroviral vectors for gene transfer. | we have combined the picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 2a sequence and the internal ribosome entry sites (ireses) from encephalomyocarditis virus (ecmv) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus type a (rev-a) to construct tricistronic and tetracistronic vectors. all the polycistronic constructs show high titers and expression of the genes inserted. clones have been obtained in which cells simultaneously express the three or four genes carried by the polycistronic vectors. | 2000 | 10986564 |
| natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus between african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and impala (aepyceros melampus) in the kruger national park, south africa. | vp1 gene sequences of sat-2 type foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses recovered from impala and african buffalo in the kruger national park (knp) were used to determine intra- and interspecies relationships of viruses circulating in these wildlife populations. on this basis five distinct lineages of sat-2 virus were identified in routine sampling of oesophageopharyngeal epithelium from buffalo between 1988 and 1996. different lineages were associated with discrete geographic sampling localities. ... | 2000 | 10982083 |