Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| the use of dedicated peptide libraries permits the discovery of high affinity binding peptides. | the motif for peptide binding to monoclonal antibody mab a16, which is known to be directed against glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1, was determined using two dedicated peptide libraries. as a starting point for this study we used an a-16 binding lead sequence, which had previously been obtained from a phage display peptide library (schellekens et al., 1994). binding studies with different length variants of this peptide identified a 12mer as a suitable lead compound for our library ... | 1995 | 7490454 |
| expression and splicing of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is transcriptionally active during latent infection in human peripheral sensory ganglia. this transcription has been linked to the ability of the virus to reactivate, but its potential gene products and mechanisms of action are unknown. to analyze the viral latency-related transcripts in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines in an isolated cellular system, a 10.4 kb dna fragment, which covers the entire viral transcriptionally active latency-associated region, ... | 1995 | 7490273 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus type 1 is composed of both cd8+ and cd4+ t cell phenotypes in acute and memory states. | mice were infected via the cornea with hsv-1. next, draining lymph nodes (dln) and spleen cells were analyzed at various times post infection for the presence of cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursors (ctl-p) of both the cd8+ and cd4+ phenotypes. responses were greatest in the dln, but memory ctl persisted in the spleen and were undetectable in dln by 60 days. on all occasions, the frequency of cd8+ ctl outnumbered cd4+ ctl. the murine ctl responses to hsv-1 differ from those in man where cd4+ mhc cl ... | 1994 | 7487374 |
| efficacy of traditional herbal medicines in combination with acyclovir against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in vitro and in vivo. | traditional herbal medicines have been safely used for the treatment of various human diseases since ancient china. we selected 10 herbal extracts with therapeutic antiherpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) activity. among these, geum japonicum thunb., rhus javanica l., syzygium aromaticum (l.) merr. et perry, or terminalia chebula retzus showed a stronger anti-hsv-1 activity in combination with acyclovir than the other herbal extracts in vitro. when acyclovir and/or a herbal extract were orally ad ... | 1995 | 7486956 |
| mode of action of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine against herpesviruses. | the activity, metabolism, and mode of action of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (h2g) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were studied. compared to acyclovir (acv), h2g has superior activity against vzv (50% inhibitory concentration of 2.3 microm) and epstein-barr virus (50% inhibitory concentration of 0.9 microm), comparable activity against hsv-1, and weaker activity against hsv-2. the antiviral effect on hsv-1 showed ... | 1995 | 7486922 |
| association of a m(r) 90,000 phosphoprotein with protein kinase pkr in cells exhibiting enhanced phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eif-2 alpha and premature shutoff of protein synthesis after infection with gamma 134.5- mutants of herpes simplex virus 1. | the protein encoded by the gamma 134.5 gene of herpes simplex virus precludes premature shutoff of protein synthesis in human cells triggered by stress associated with onset of viral dna synthesis. the carboxyl terminus of the protein is essential for this function. this report indicates that the shutoff of protein synthesis is not due to mrna degration because mrna from wild-type or gamma 134.5- virus-infected cells directs protein synthesis. analyses of the posttranslational modifications of t ... | 1995 | 7479831 |
| targeted ablation of pituitary pre-proopiomelanocortin cells by herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase differentially regulates mrnas encoding the adrenocorticotropin receptor and aldosterone synthase in the mouse adrenal gland. | we have produced and characterized lines of transgenic mice expressing a fusion gene composed of the pituitary expression-specific promoter region of the pomc gene, driving the herpes simplex viral-1 thymidine kinase. adult mice were treated with the antiherpes agent ganciclovir at 70 mg/kg body weight (ip, twice daily for 10-12 days). approximately 98% of the pituitary intermediate lobe melanotropes and anterior lobe corticotropes were ablated as determined by immunocytochemistry and ria specif ... | 1995 | 7476975 |
| [purine arabinonucleoside-5'-triphosphates with substituents in the 2'-position as dna polymerase substrates]. | analogues of arantps carrying an azido or aminogroup instead of the 2' hydroxyl exhibited substrate properties towards several mammalian and viral dna polymerases. at the same time, introduction of a bulky hydrophobic dnp group into the 2' position inactivated the compounds as substrates. hsv-1 and cmv dna polymerases were an interesting exception: they effectively incorporated the modified nucleotide residues with dnp group into the 3'-termini of the dna chain. this is a reliable way to disting ... | 1995 | 7476957 |
| point mutations in the herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw110 ring finger helix affect activation of gene expression, viral growth, and interaction with pml-containing nuclear structures. | herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein vmw110 (also known as icp0) has been implicated in the control of the balance between the lytic and latent states, but the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are unknown. vmw110 includes a characteristic zinc binding domain, termed the c3hc4 domain or ring finger, which is essential for its function. the solution structure of a related herpesvirus ring finger domain suggested that an amphipathic alpha helix might be an important ... | 1995 | 7474166 |
| role of the virion host shutoff (vhs) of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latency and pathogenesis. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul41 gene product, virion host shutoff (vhs), has homologs among five alphaherpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2, pseudorabies virus, varicella-zoster virus, and equine herpesvirus 1), suggesting a role for this protein in neurotropism. a mutant virus, termed ul41nhb, which carries a nonsense linker in the ul41 open reading frame at amino acid position 238 was generated. ul41nhb and a marker-rescued virus, ul41nhb-r, were characterized in vitro and tested for their ... | 1995 | 7474089 |
| design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of novel dinucleotide analogs as agents against herpes and human immunodeficiency viruses. | a new acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (13) containing an adenine moiety was synthesized, which acted as an excellent inhibitor of calf mucosal adenosine deaminase. this inhibitory property allows it to exert great synergistic effect on certain antiviral agents (e.g., ara-a, 37). phosphonate 13 was not phosphorylated by the bovine brain guanylate kinase nor by 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate synthetase. syntheses of biologically active nucleotide phosphonate 40 and its phosphonoamidate derivative ... | 1995 | 7473592 |
| in vitro induction of human cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. kinetics in normal donors and patients with recurrent herpes labialis. | in order to analyse cellular cytotoxic mechanisms involved in herpes virus infections, human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbml) were incubated (sensitized) for up to 7 days with uninfected or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cells. the sensitized pbml were then tested in a 5-hr 51cr-release microassay against uninfected, hsv-1-infected, or cytomegalovirus (cmv)-infected target cells. pbml from normal donors, sensitized with hsv-1 infected cells, exhibited strong cytotoxic ... | 1981 | 7265173 |
| the development of retinitis in mice with nonfatal herpes simplex encephalitis. | a mutant strain of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (hsv1), selected for high resistance to acyclovir (acv) was inoculated intracerebrally into mice. the mice survived with no obvious neurological signs but developed cataracts within 4-8 weeks of inoculation. histological examination revealed only a mild encephalitis, but around 7 days after injection a florid, necrotizing, viral retinitis developed. there was almost simultaneous involvement of both eyes. inflammatory cell infiltration and early mye ... | 1982 | 7133314 |
| human cytotoxic t cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. i. lysis restricted by hla class ii mb and dr antigens. | in contrast to general findings that mouse and human cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are restricted in cytotoxic activity by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i antigens, we previously found that some herpes simplex virus (hsv) type i-infected cells that shared no hla class i antigens with the hsv-1-stimulated lymphocytes were lysed. in this study, we addressed the question of the role of hla antigens in human t cell-mediated lysis of hsv-1-infected cells by generating clones of hsv-1-d ... | 1984 | 6609990 |
| human interferon alpha a or alpha d and trifluridine treatment for herpetic keratitis in rabbits. | recombinant human interferon (ifn) alpha a and alpha d combined with 1% trifluridine ophthalmic solution gave beneficial results when applied topically at a dose of 1 x 10(6) u per eye four times a day commencing 4 hr after eyes were inoculated with herpes simplex virus (hsv-1). acute herpetic keratitis was suppressed by trifluridine alone and the combined therapies, but the high-titered interferon preparations, alone, had little effect. duration of hsv-1 shedding into tear film during topical t ... | 1984 | 6423563 |
| glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus 1 acts as a receptor for the c3b complement component on infected cells. | receptors for the fc portion of immunoglobulins or for the third component of complement (c3) are present on a variety of circulating and fixed tissue cells including granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and glomerular epithelial cells. cells which lack fc receptors may express them after infection by herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1, hsv-2, cytomegalovirus or varicella zoster virus. we recently reported that infection by hsv-1 induces both fc and c3 receptors on human endothelial cells. glycoprotei ... | 1984 | 6328323 |
| transfer of human globin genes to erythroleukemic mouse cells. | thymidine kinase negative (tk-) friend cells were transformed with recombinant molecules carrying human globin genes and the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna. transformation frequencies of 1 transformant/microgram donor dna/1 x 10(6) cells were obtained by standard procedures and this was increased 20- to 30-fold by treating recipient cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol. transformed cell lines expressed thymidine kinase activity of viral origin as determined by its ... | 1982 | 6325149 |
| herpes simplex virus type-selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with helix pomatia lectin-purified antigens. | helix pomatia lectin-purified antigens with specific reactivity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 antibodies in human sera were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the type specificity of the antigens was assessed by double immunodiffusion precipitation in gel against rabbit hsv-1 and hsv-2 hyperimmune sera, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with human reference sera containing antibodies to either type of hsv. fifty-two sera from patients with documented infectio ... | 1984 | 6321548 |
| sphingolipid metabolism during infection of human fibroblasts by herpes simplex virus type 1. | results from several experiments support the view that sphingomyelin turnover and glycosphingolipid synthesis play a role in herpes simplex virus infection of cells in culture. inhibition of sphingomyelinase by phosphatidylcholine or by a synthetic ceramide, n-palmitoyl-dl-dihydrosphingosine, interferes substantially with virus reproduction as does a genetic defect in the enzyme (niemann-pick disease). in niemann-pick cells, yields of infectious virus are about 3% of the normal level. an inhibit ... | 1984 | 6321394 |
| construction of live vaccines using genetically engineered poxviruses: biological activity of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the hepatitis b virus surface antigen and the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | potential live vaccines using recombinant vaccinia viruses have been constructed for both hepatitis b and herpes simplex. these recombinant vaccinia viruses express cloned genes of the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) or the glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus (hsv-gd). the hbsag synthesized in vitro under the regulation of vaccinia virus is secreted from infected cells as a particle of approximately equal to 22 nm diameter with a density of 1.2 g/ml as determined on cscl gradients ... | 1984 | 6320164 |
| recovery of herpes simplex virus genetic information from human trigeminal ganglion cells following superinfection with herpes simplex virus type 2 temperature-sensitive mutants. | explant cultures of human trigeminal ganglia were derived from 36 individuals. those cultures which failed to release herpes simplex virus (hsv) spontaneously were superinfected at various times after establishment in vitro with a range of hsv-2 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. eight cultures from six individuals contained hsv-specific genetic information which could be detected or rescued following superinfection. restriction enzyme analysis of ts+ virus recovered from the ganglia of two ind ... | 1984 | 6319568 |
| characterization of eukaryotic transcriptional control signals by assay of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. | we describe the characteristics of a general assay for eukaryote transcription-control sequences using the herpes simplex virus (hsv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene. after transfection of cultured cells with tk-containing recombinant plasmids, two assays were used to measure gene expression: short term or transient levels of tk mrna and tk enzyme activity, and the rate of biochemical transformation from a tk- to a tk+ phenotype in selective growth medium (hat). deletion of the endogenous tk promoter ... | 1983 | 6319553 |
| analysis of the herpes simplex virus genome during in vitro latency in human diploid fibroblasts and rat sensory neurons. | we have previously designed in vitro model systems to characterize the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome during in vitro virus latency. latency was established by treatment of infected human embryo lung fibroblast (hel-f) cells or rat fetal neurons with (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and human leukocyte interferon and was maintained by increasing the incubation temperature after inhibitor removal. virus was reactivated by reducing the incubation temperature. we have now examined t ... | 1984 | 6317890 |
| efficacy and selectivity of some nucleoside analogs as anti-human cytomegalovirus agents. | 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (fiac), 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluridine (fmau), 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouridine (fiau), and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluridine (feau) were evaluated for antiviral activities against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and compared with 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir) and e-5-(2'-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu). the relative anti-hcmv pote ... | 1983 | 6316843 |
| herpes simplex encephalitis. immunohistological demonstration of spread of virus via olfactory pathways in mice. | six-week-old balb/c mice were inoculated intranasally with a suspension of hsv1 virus and the distribution of viral antigen in the brain 3-7 days later was surveyed using the immunoperoxidase technique. virus was first detectable in the brain 4 days later at 2 distinct sites: the trigeminal root entry zone in the brain stem and the olfactory bulbs. on succeeding days virus spread from the trigeminal focus to many other brain stem nuclei and, in some mice, to the thalamus and the cerebellum. from ... | 1983 | 6313868 |
| detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus with a continuous cell line expressing cloned glycoprotein d. | the gene for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was expressed in stable mammalian cell lines. glycoprotein d produced in these cells has a number of antigenic determinants in common with the native glycoprotein. cell lines expressing glycoprotein d were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect human antibodies to glycoprotein d. this strategy should prove useful in determining the extent to which the immune response to hsv-1 is directed toward glycoprotein d. | 1983 | 6312563 |
| specific herpes simplex virus antigen in human gingiva. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) specific antigens were found to be present in the sulcular epithelial cells of patients that were undergoing periodontal treatment. four out of 14 cases were positive to specific hsv-1 antigen, as demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescent assay. no nuclear staining was seen in any epithelial cells. these observations seem to indicate that the viral genome resides in the sulcular epithelial cells of the gingiva and is possibly localized in the stratum gran ... | 1983 | 6308203 |
| herpes simplex virus and human cancer. iii. search for relationship of herpes simplex antibodies and cervical dysplasia and labial neoplasia. | we employed the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect hemagglutination (iha), and complement fixation (cf) methods to measure antibody titer to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in patients affected by labial tumors or cervical dysplasias. no relationship of antibody titer to hsv-1 and labial tumors was detected by any of the three methods. association between antibody titer to hsv-2 and cervical dysplasias was revealed by iha (p less than 0.05) and elisa (p le ... | 1983 | 6304957 |
| correlation between low natural killing of fibroblasts infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and susceptibility to herpesvirus infections. | natural killer cells capable of lysing herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected fibroblasts were studied in three groups of patients unusually susceptible to severe herpes-virus infections. cord blood was evaluated because of the known susceptibility of neonates to disseminated infections due to herpes simplex virus type 2 at birth. only 30% of the cord blood specimens tested demonstrated normal lysis of hsv-1-infected fibroblasts and a normal increment in the lysis of infected over uninfect ... | 1983 | 6304202 |
| herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine: characterization of the virus strain used and testing of the vaccine. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) used for vaccine production was isolated from a nasal recurrent infection and propagated over a limited number of passages in human diploid cells only. it was designated as hsv-1 bw3 and has been characterized by neutralizing antibodies as a typical hsv type 1 strain. in vitro transformation studies performed with this isolate in mouse or hamster cells revealed only very low, if any, transforming capacity. a preparation of hsv-1 bw3 which can be used as seed l ... | 1982 | 6299841 |
| deoxythymidine kinases in varicella-zoster virus infected and biochemically transformed cells. | deoxythymidine kinase (tk) activity induced in varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected human embryonic fibroblast (hef) cells was immunologically distinguishable from that in non infected hef cells and also from that in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected hef cells. the tks in vzv-biochemically transformed cells were immunologically the same as that induced in vzv-infected human cells and immunologically different from that in ltk- cells or in hsv-biochemically transformed cells. one peak ... | 1982 | 6299267 |
| identification and nucleotide sequences of two similar tandem direct repeats in epstein-barr virus dna. | epstein-barr virus dna is known to have partially homologous segments, designated dl and dr, near the left and right ends of the long unique region (raab-traub et al., cell 22:257-267, 1980). dl and dr are each partially composed of tandem direct repeat sequences. dl contains 11 to 14 repeats of a 124-base-pair sequence designated ir2. dr contains approximately 30 direct repeats of a 103-base-pair sequence designated ir4. the dl and dr sequences have colinear partial homology for approximately 2 ... | 1982 | 6294332 |
| comparison of the in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes activities of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine and its 5'-monophosphate. | in vitro and in vivo anti-herpes activities of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine 5'-monophosphate (ara-tmp) were compared with those of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine (ara-t). on a molar basis ara-tmp was almost as active as ara-t against six strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) as monitored by a cytopathogenicity-inhibition and a plaque reduction assay in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. when tested against experimental encephalitis in mice inoculated intrace ... | 1982 | 6293376 |
| pathological findings of adenine arabinoside (ara-a) and cytarabine (ara-c) in the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis in rabbit model. | the injection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into the vitreous body of the eye in the 18 day old albino rabbits consistently induced herpes encephalitis with 90% survival. in the untreated rabbits the lesions follow a defined anatomical pathway producing a progressive disease not dissimilar to the natural human disease in that hsv travels slowly by cell-to-cell infection of neuroglia. the effects of adenine arabinoside (ara-a) and cytarabine (ara-c) on hsv encephalitis in rabbit model we ... | 1982 | 6285819 |
| virus inhibition assay for measurement of acyclovir levels in human plasma and urine. | a simple microplate virus inhibition assay which measures the levels of acyclovir in plasma and urine samples from patients was developed. the assay is based upon the inhibition of the cytopathic effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 on human fibroblast cells. the extent of inhibition of virus cytopathic effect, caused by dilutions of samples from patients, allowed determination of acyclovir concentrations to be made. the assay, which measured biological activity, could detect acyclovir levels o ... | 1981 | 6275786 |
| adenovirus late sequences linked to herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase may be introduced into eukaryotic cells and transcribed. | ltk-cells have been transformed to the tk+ phenotype by treatment with size-defined concatamers of hsv-1 tk dna and ad2 bam h1 c fragment (42.0 - 59.5 map units). all tk+ transformants contained ad2 dna as well as hsv-1 tk sequences. in most cases several inserts of virus dna were present, many in high copy numbers. although no ad2 transcription promoter was present in the transforming dna, ad2-specific sequences were detected in polyadenylated cytoplasmic rna species from several cell lines. | 1981 | 6273799 |
| inhibition of purified human and herpes simplex virus-induced dna polymerases by 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine triphosphate. effects on primer-template function. | the inhibition of highly purified herpes simplex virus (hsv)-induced and host cell dna polymerases by the triphosphate form of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir; acycloguanosine) was examined. acyclovir triphosphate (acyclo-gtp) competitively inhibited the incorporation of dgmp into dna, catalyzed by hsv dna polymerase; apparent km and ki values of dgtp and acyclo-gtp were 0.15 microm and 0.003 microm, respectively. hela dna polymerase alpha was also competitively inhibited; km and ki ... | 1981 | 6271750 |
| experimental studies of acute and recurrent herpes simplex virus infections in the murine heart and dorsal root ganglia. | the multiplication of hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains in the heart and the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (drg) was examined in experimentally infected mice. infectious hsv-1 was recovered from the heart between the second and fourth day after inoculation and 3 days later from the drg. both the heart and drg yielded infectious hsv-2 from the fourth to the twenty-first day after inoculation. the hsv-2, but not the hsv-1, induced recrudescent disease in chronically infected mice up to 18 months after i ... | 1981 | 6267190 |
| antibodies to epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex type 1, cytomegalovirus and measles virus in psychiatric patients. | distribution of antibodies to herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and measles virus (mv) was studied in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (csf) of 41 patients with schizophrenia, 27 patients with primary affective disorders and 25 control patients with neurological diseases. no significant differences in distribution and mean geometric titers (gmt) of antibodies to hsv1 between the psychiatric and control groups were found. distribution and gmt of antibodies ... | 1981 | 6263228 |
| variations in herpes simplex virus isolated from human ganglia and a study of clonal variation in hsv-1. | growth of human sensory ganglia in culture has led to the reactivation of herpes simplex virus from over 50% of cases studied. infected cell polypeptide and restriction enzyme analysis has led to the conclusion that each individual has one unique latent strain of hsv-1 that can be present in more than one ganglion in the body. analysis of 91 isolates has shown that the long region of the genome is variable in terms of dna restriction sites, dna sequences, and in coding for the majority of variab ... | 1980 | 6261648 |
| isolation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from gastric contents of a patient with acute pancreatitis. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was isolated from the gastric contents of a young man with acute idiopathic pancreatitis. although the patient had a marked (eightfold) rise in serum complement fixing antibody titer to hsv-1, there was no evidence of primary infection. the source of the hsv-1 may have been reactivation in the oral or pharyngeal mucous membranes, with swallowing of the virus. hsv-1 is normally quite labile in acid media (less than five minutes at ph less than or equal to 3), b ... | 1981 | 6261405 |
| [the effect of viruses on megakaryocytes in vitro (author's transl)]. | bone marrow suspensions from adolescent rats contain 0.3% megakaryocytes; this rate decreases to almost zero within 72--96 h cultivation in vitro in leighton tubes because of thrombocytopoesis. such cultures were inoculated immediately after seeding with different viruses in high multiplicity. after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 or adenovirus type 2, no deviation of the number and morphology of the megakaryocytes was seen when compared with control cultures. however, after infection ... | 1981 | 6260271 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone. | 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-(methylmercapto)-2-pyrimidinone (1b) was synthesized via modification of the silyl method. 1b inhibits the herpes simplex virus type 1 (98%) and type 2 (97%) at a concentration which is nontoxic to human hela cells. the compound shows 50 times greater binding affinity (lower ki) to the virus-specific thymidine kinase than to the thymidine kinase of uninfected hela cells. | 1981 | 6259353 |
| hsv-1 infection inhibits procollagen and protein secretion from normal and ataxia telangiectasia cultured skin fibroblasts. | human skin fibroblasts derived from a healthy individual and from a child with the genetic disorder ataxia telangiectasia were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the virus infection did not affect the synthesis of procollagen but inhibited its release from the cells. | 1980 | 6257835 |
| sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of human immunoglobulin g and detection of herpes simplex virus. | a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) was developed for detecting human immunoglobulin g and herpes simplex viral antigen. a comparison of celisa with a conventional absorptiometric detection system showed that celisa was 100 times more sensitive than absorptiometry for the measurement of human immunglobulin g. similarly, celisa detected as few as 40 plaque-forming units of herpes simplex virus in contrast to 2,500 plaque-forming units detected by absorptiometry. of 18 sp ... | 1981 | 6257758 |
| frequency and levels of antibodies to epstein-barr virus-specific dnase are elevated in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. | sera from healthy individuals and patients with infectious mononucleosis, burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or other malignancies were examined for their capacity to neutralize epstein-barr virus (ebv)-induced dnase activity. sera were found that neutralized the ebv dnase but not herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 dnases, and vice versa. sera from 46 of the 49 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma examined (94%) neutralized > 6 units of ebv dnase per ml of serum. in contrast, only ... | 1980 | 6255477 |
| genetic retrieval of viral genome sequences from herpes simplex virus transformed cells. | oncogenic transformation of cultured cells by inactivated herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 has been demonstrated. expression of hsv information in these transformed cells has been shown by immunofluorescence studies, detection of hsv neutralizing antibody in sera from tumour-bearing animals and by hybridization of hsv-specific rna. molecular hybridization studies of dna from hsv-2 transformed hamster cells have detected up to 40% of the hsv genome present in several copies. complementati ... | 1980 | 6247659 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus strains isolated from patients with various diseases. | herpes simplex virus strains (hsv) were isolated from various herpetic diseases. these hsv-strains isolated in bulgaria (687) and in other countries (13) were studied by the neutralization test using standard type specific rabbit antisera and human gamma globulin. the serotype distribution of all strains showed: hsv-1 = 323 strains, hsv-2 = 372 strains, 5 strains behaved antigenically intermediate. a close correlation between the serotype of the strains and the localization of the lesions was es ... | 1980 | 6243918 |
| human natural killer cell recognition of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins: specificity analysis with the use of monoclonal antibodies and antigenic variants. | the specificity of human natural killer (nk) cells for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected wish cells was examined by using virus-specific antibodies to block nk killing and by using targets infected with virus variants that express antigenically altered cell surface glycoproteins. fab fragments of human immunoglobulin (ig) derived from an hsv-1 seropositive individual blocked nk activity against hsv-1-infected cells, whereas fab fragments from a seronegative individual had no effect. f ... | 1984 | 6206157 |
| high efficiency latency and activation of herpes simplex virus in human cells. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) exists in humans in a latent form that can be activated. to characterize the molecular basis of the cell-virus interactions and to analyze the state of the latent hsv genome, an in vitro model system was established. in this system a large fraction of the latently infected cells contain an hsv genome that can be activated. cell survival was reduced minimally after repression of high multiplicity hsv type 1 (hsv-1) infection of human fibroblast cells with (e)-5-(2-bromo ... | 1982 | 6180477 |
| viral antigens act as helper determinants for antibody responses to cell surface antigens. | thy-1 alloantigens on murine thymus cells are weak immunogens in vivo for pfc responses in the absence of other antigenic disparities between the donor and recipient. our previous work showed that non-h-2 alloantigens acted as helper determinants to augment anti-thy-1 pfc responses. in this report we demonstrate that strong helper antigens are also produced by infection of donor thymus cells with viruses such as hsv-1, ndv, or vaccinia. this helper effect (as much as 30-fold) for a cellular anti ... | 1982 | 6177775 |
| human serum antibodies to varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase. | the conditions required for the production of varicella-zoster virus (vsv)-induced deoxythymidine kinase (dtk) have been studied. extracts from vero cells harvested 62 h after vzv infection were found to contain vzv-induced dtk activity, with a minimal contribution from the cellular dtk activity. vzv dtk was shown to have a broad substrate specificity phosphorylating both deoxythymidine, deoxycytidine, and iododeoxyuridine. deoxythymidine triphosphate inhibition studies revealed an intermediate ... | 1982 | 6176544 |
| human peripheral null lymphocytes. ii. producers of type-1 interferon upon stimulation with tumor cells, herpes simplex virus and corynebacterium parvum. | human blood lymphocytes, exposed for 6 to 24 h in vitro to tumor cells (k 562, igr3, l1210), herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) or corynebacterium parvum (cp), produced high levels of anti-viral activity which was identified as type-1 interferon (if). in mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures (mltc), the generated type-1 if was definitely shown to originate from the lymphocytes and not from the tumor cells. supplementation of leukocyte cultures with 10% fetal calf serum instead 10% human ab serum h ... | 1980 | 6157543 |
| macrophage dependence of polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid-induced resistance to herpes simplex virus infection in mice. | the relative contributions of macrophages and lymphocytes to the induction of resistance to primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex [poly (i:c)] were investigated in c58 mice. the induction of resistance was found to be strongly dependent on macrophages compared to lymphocytes. macrophage-deficient (silica-treated) mice produced less interferon and were not as responsive to prophylactic treatment of hsv-1 infections with poly (i:c) ... | 1980 | 6155345 |
| effects of herpes simplex virus strains on human fibroblast and lymphocyte chromosomes and the localization of chromosomal aberrations. | the effects on human chromosomes of types 1, 2 and of intermediate serotype of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was compared in fibroblast and lymphocyte cultures. the karyological changes due to hsv were shown to depend on the serotype used as well as on the kind of cells examined (agent-specificity and cell-reaction specificity). differences were noted among the strains in relation to the degree and character of the aberrations induced. conventional giemsa staining and the trypsin g-banding techniqu ... | 1984 | 6145351 |
| cytomegalovirus antigen within human arterial smooth muscle cells. | arterial tissues from carotid artery plaques or from punch-biopsy samples of uninvolved areas of the aorta were removed from 132 patients with atherosclerosis during blood-vessel surgery. cells morphologically identical to smooth muscle cells were cultured from 26 to 126 plaque samples and from 6 of 6 punch-biopsy samples. immunofluorescence tests of these cells showed that more than 25% of the cell cultures from both types of sample contained antigens of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) but not of h ... | 1983 | 6136795 |
| induction of uracil-dna glycosylase and dutp nucleotidohydrolase activity in herpes simplex virus-infected human cells. | hela bu cells infected with either the type 1 or the type 2 forms of herpes simplex virus show an increase in the activities of uracil-dna glycosylase and dutp nucleotidohydrolase. under optimal conditions, uracil-dna glycosylase activity increases approximately 40-fold in hsv type 2-infected cells. in herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1-infected cells, uracil-dna glycosylase activity increases only 6-fold. at a kcl concentration of 100 mm, uracil-dna glycosylase derived from hsv type 2-infected c ... | 1981 | 6115860 |
| novel codon utilization within the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene. | the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the thymidine kinase genes encoded by vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus (type 1) were analyzed, and there was no evidence of any significant homology. the manner in which the triplet code was used by each virus was also examined. the frequencies of codon utilization by the herpes virus gene were very similar to those used by most human genes, whereas the vaccinia virus gene was quite distinct, suggesting novel evolutionary and regulatory ... | 1984 | 6099662 |
| inappropriate peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to herpes viruses in patients with behçet's syndrome. | specific antibody production and the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) to a variety of viruses, including herpes simplex virus-type-1 (hsv-1) and varicella zoster (vz), were studied in 7 patients with behçet's syndrome. none of the patients produced an antibody response against hsv-1 or vz. furthermore, none of the patients showed a proliferative response to vz, and three of them also failed to mount a response to hsv-1. these results suggest that the pbls of patients ... | 1984 | 6098552 |
| isolation of human dnas homologous to the bamhi-z fragment of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna. | human dna hybridizes with the bamhi-z fragment (map coordinates 0.936 to 0.949) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna. to characterize the bamhi-z homologue of human dna, we isolated six independent hybrid phages with a sequence homologous to the bamhi-z fragment from a human genomic dna library. three of the six had a common 1.2-kb bamhi-ecori fragment homologous to the bamhi-z, and this fragment existed as 10-60 copies per human haploid genome. a 0.29-kb mboii segment of the bamhi-z fragm ... | 1984 | 6098540 |
| bk virus-plasmid expression vector that persists episomally in human cells and shuttles into escherichia coli. | we describe a novel expression vector, pbk tk-1, that persists episomally in human cells that can be shuttled into bacteria. this vector includes sequences from bk virus (bkv), the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1, and plasmid pml-1. tk+-transformed hela and 143 b cells contained predominantly full-length episomes. there were typically 20 to 40 (hela) and 75 to 120 143 b vector copies per cell, although some 143 b transformants contained hundreds. low-molecular-weight dn ... | 1984 | 6092918 |
| the antiviral spectrum of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | the antiviral activity spectrum of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) is not restricted to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) but also encompasses several other herpesviruses such as suid herpesvirus type 1 (shv-1), bovid herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), simian varicella virus (svv), herpesvirus saimiri, herpesvirus platyrrhinae, and the baculovirus trichoplusia ni multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus. other herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus type 2, ... | 1984 | 6092320 |
| more rapid isolation of herpes simplex virus in a continuous line of mink lung cells than in vero or human fibroblast cells. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) was isolated from clinical specimens more rapidly in mink lung (ml) cells, a continuous cell line available from a commercial supplier, than in vero cells or human fibroblast (hf) cells. stock strains of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 titered higher in ml cells than in vero or hf cells. ml cells were equivalent to rabbit kidney (rk) cells in the isolation of hsv in clinical specimens, but titers of stock hsv strains were lower. ml cells could be employed to type strains ... | 1984 | 6091988 |
| proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. 8. characterization and composition of multiple capsid forms of subtypes 1 and 2. | two classes of herpesvirus capsids, designated a and b, were isolated from the nuclei of human cells infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv). a and b capsids share in common four structural proteins, i.e., no. 5, 19, 23, and 24. b capsids contain 7.7 to 9.7 times more deoxyribonucleic acid than a capsids; moreover, they contain proteins no. 21 and 22a in addition. all of the proteins contained in the capsid except no. 22a are present in the enveloped nucleocapsids (virions) in approximately the ... | 1972 | 4344252 |
| synergistic activity of combinations of recombinant human alpha interferon and acyclovir, administered concomitantly and in sequence, against a lethal herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice. | the nucleoside analog acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] and the hybrid recombinant human alpha interferon (rhuifn-alpha a/d) were evaluated in weanling mice for their efficacy alone and in combination against a lethal systemic infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. simultaneous parenteral treatment with combinations of both agents at various doses resulted in a higher percentage of survival than when either agent was administered alone, with a synergistic interaction demonstrated ... | 1985 | 4037769 |
| improvement of the bioavailability of the anti-herpes virus agent bvdu by use of 5'-o-alkoxycarbonyl derivatives with increased metabolic stability. | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) was found by hplc analysis to be rapidly metabolized in mice and in liver homogenates from mouse and man to the antivirally inactive (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl) uracil (bvu) but was comparatively stable in blood from both species. of a series of 5'-o-alkoxycarbonyl derivatives of bvdu, the 5'-o-tert.-butoxycarbonyl derivative (brl 37000) was the most stable in mouse and human blood and liver homogenates, neither its ester bond nor its n-glycosidic linkage bei ... | 1986 | 3793660 |
| a novel selective broad-spectrum anti-dna virus agent. | a new compound has been found, (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ((s)-hpmpa), that has potent and selective activity against a broad spectrum of dna viruses, including herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2); varicella zoster virus; thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) mutants of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus; human cytomegalovirus; phocid, simian, suid, bovid and equid herpesviruses; african swine fever virus; vaccinia virus; and human adenoviruses. it is also active again ... | 1986 | 3762696 |
| adenovirus replication as an in vitro probe for drug sensitivity in human tumors. | the feasibility of using adenovirus 5 as an in vitro probe for chemosensitivity in short-term cultures of human tumors was evaluated using human melanoma cell lines and primary cultures of melanoma biopsies. a convenient immunoperoxidase method was developed for quantitating viral replication 2 days after infection. two different approaches were explored: the host cell reactivation assay (hcr) using drug-treated virus; and the viral capacity assay using drug-treated cells. the hcr assay detected ... | 1986 | 3525182 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d on antigen presenting cells infected with vaccinia recombinants and protective immunity. | we studied the effect of the temporal regulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1) expression in ia+ epidermal cells (ec) and macrophages on virus specific immunity and protection from hsv-2 challenge. gd-1 was expressed on the surface of cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant containing gd-1 under the control of an early vaccinia virus promoter (vp176). it was not expressed in cells infected with a recombinant (vp254) in which gd-1 is controlled by a late vaccinia v ... | 1988 | 3263886 |
| large macromolecules can be introduced into cultured mammalian cells using erythrocyte membrane vesicles. | plasmid 6.4 kbp dna, 14 kbp dna, lambda phage particles, all of which contained herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene, or igm molecules, were mixed with erythrocyte membranes and treated with neutral detergent. the transparent mixture was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), followed by centrifugation to collect membrane vesicles containing the large macromolecules. 10-15% of 6.4 kbp, 3% of 14 kbp, 4-7% of the lambda phage particles and 14.5% of igm were trapped ... | 1985 | 3161750 |
| sequence analyses of herpesviral enzymes suggest an ancient origin for human sexual behavior. | comparison of the amino acid sequences of the deoxythymidine kinases of herpes simplex (hsv) and of marmoset herpes viruses (mhv) suggests a divergence time of 8 to 10 million years ago for hsv-1 and -2. like mhv, hsv-1 and -2 cause local infections in their natural hosts, and direct contact between two individuals during the brief period of infectivity is needed for transmission. because b virus, a nearer relative of hsv, depends on both oral and genital routes of transmission, we postulate tha ... | 1988 | 3128793 |
| anti-glycoprotein d antibodies that permit adsorption but block infection by herpes simplex virus 1 prevent virion-cell fusion at the cell surface. | certain monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus have potent neutralizing activity but fail to block attachment of virus to cells. here we have investigated the fate of neutralized and infectious virus after attachment to primate cells. infectious virions fused with the cell surface such that naked nucleocapsids were detectable in the cytoplasm near or just under the plasma membrane. neutralized virions did not fuse with the cell. they remained attached to the ce ... | 1987 | 3037552 |
| the mechanisms of antiviral immunity induced by a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d: clearance of local infection. | we have shown that immunization of mice with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 will induce a variety of l3t4+ t cell responses. these included a hsv-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response, t cell help for the induction of antiviral antibodies, and the ability to eliminate a challenge dose of hsv from the pinna. this protection against a subcutaneous virus challenge was not mediated by the delayed-type hypersensitivity response because ... | 1987 | 3033075 |
| hsv-1 thymidine kinase negative vaccine: pathogenicity, protection, and perils. | primary inoculation of mice and rabbits with an avirulent hsv-1 thymidine kinase negative (tk-) mutant reduced keratitis, mortality, and superinfection of the trigeminal ganglion (tg) as measured by cocultivation and iontophoresis-induced ocular shedding following ocular challenge with hsv-1 mckrae and w strains. however species differences were demonstrated; with complete protection in rabbits, and incomplete protection in mice. in mice, budr/autoradiography and restriction enzyme analysis iden ... | 1987 | 3030639 |
| dna sequences which regulate the expression of the pseudorabies virus major immediate early gene. | it has been shown previously that the transcription of herpes simplex virus (hsv) immediate early (ie) genes is transactivated by a component of the virus particle. the trans-inducing factor (tif) is known to be polypeptide vmw65. infection with pseudorabies virus (prv), a related herpesvirus, does not increase expression from hsv ie regulatory sequences (w. batterson and b. roizman, 1983, j. virol. 46, 371-377). to examine the control of the prv ie gene and possible sequence specificity of a ti ... | 1987 | 3029974 |
| herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus antibody titres in sera from schizophrenic patients. | serum antibody titres to herpes-simplex (hsv-1, 2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and epstein-barr virus capsid antigen (ebv-vca) were determined in 38 unrelated chronic schizophrenic patients, 11 nuclear families with at least 2 schizophrenic members, and 2 control groups. the distributions of antibody titres to herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus were similar among all groups. patients had higher anti-ebv-vca titres than non-hospitalized controls; however, hospital staff members in contact with the pa ... | 1986 | 3029788 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in rabbit corneal cells in vitro: reactivation and recombination following intratypic superinfection of long term cultures. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been isolated from explanted human corneas after cultivation in vitro. to determine whether hsv-1 is persistent or latent in corneal cells, a system to study hsv-1 infection of rabbit corneal cells in vitro was developed. by elevation of the incubation temperature to 42 degrees c before and during hsv-1 infection it was shown that both keratocytes and epithelial cells support a nonproductive rather than a productive infection. on subsequent temperature red ... | 1987 | 3029308 |
| restricted replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in murine embryonal carcinoma cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has a broad host range but the kos strain of hsv-1 did not replicate efficiently in murine embryonal carcinoma (ec) cells. the yield of infectious hsv-1 from ec cells was 100- to 1000-fold lower than that from fibroblast cell lines of mouse, monkey or human origin. the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of hsv-1 is expressed early during the infectious cycle. the levels of tk mrna and of tk activity in infected ec cells were only two- to threefold lower than levels fr ... | 1987 | 3029290 |
| the role of epithelial cell differentiation in the expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal human oral mucosa in culture. | we have examined by immunofluorescent antibody staining technique the expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in organ cultures of the normal human oral mucosa. the expression of hsv-1 antigen was found selectively in the epithelial cell layers in relatively undifferentiated states such as basal layer and lower prickle cell layer in addition to the basement membrane. when the epithelial cells dissociated from the oral mucosa were infected with hsv-1 and association of the hsv-1 express ... | 1987 | 3026290 |
| suppressive effect of monocytes in vitro in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. | the adherent cell fraction (adc) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) contains two cell types of opposing function in vitro. dendritic cells (dc) act as antigen-presenting cells (apc) in vitro, while monocytes (mo) have a suppressive effect on antigen activation of t cells. in this report we show that patients with cervical carcinoma have a significantly increased number of suppressive mo compared with healthy controls. the t cell response to herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) and ppd was ... | 1986 | 3026137 |
| minimal transcriptional enhancer of simian virus 40 is a 74-base-pair sequence that has interacting domains. | we have assayed the ability of segments of the simian virus 40 (sv40) 72-base-pair (bp) repeat enhancer region to activate gene expression under the control of the sv40 early promoter and to compete for trans-acting enhancer-binding factors of limited availability in vivo in monkey cv-1 or human hela cells. the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase genes were used as reporters in these assays. a 94-bp sequence located between sv40 nucleo ... | 1986 | 3025607 |
| estimation of the b lymphocyte precursor frequencies to herpes simplex type 1 glycoproteins by a limiting dilution assay. | the precursor frequency of b lymphocytes from balb/c mice producing hsv-1 glycoprotein b (gb), glycoprotein c (gc), and glycoprotein d (gd) antibody was determined by limiting dilution analysis under conditions to detect antibody from the clonal progeny of a single b cell precursor. in spleens of naive mice the average gc frequency was 1/48,917 +/- 5,550, while gd was 1/73,330 +/- 15,898, and gb frequency was in excess of 1/100,000. immunization with live hsv-1 (kos) increased the b cell frequen ... | 1986 | 3025354 |
| mode of action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of some new antiherpesvirus guanosine analogs related to buciclovir. | 9-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (3hm-hbg), (rs)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine ([+/-]2hm-hbg), and cis-9-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)guanine (2en-hbg), new acyclic guanosine analogs structurally related to buciclovir (bcv [(r)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine]), were evaluated in parallel with buciclovir as anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) agents. in cell cultures, replication of different strains of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 was inhibited at nontoxic drug concentrations. the co ... | 1986 | 3024562 |
| comparison of upstream sequence requirements for positive and negative regulation of a herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene by three virus-encoded trans-acting factors. | using a short-term cotransfection system with recombinant chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) target genes and intact genes for regulatory proteins, we previously demonstrated that expression from the promoter-regulatory region of the gene for the immediate-early 175,000-molecular-weight (ie175k) protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 was subject to trans-acting effects by three different virus-encoded components. in the present work we have attempted to delineate the upstream cis-acting req ... | 1987 | 3023697 |
| genomic localization, sequence analysis, and transcription of the putative human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase gene. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-induced dna polymerase has been well characterized biochemically and functionally, but its genomic location has not yet been assigned. to identify the coding sequence, cross-hybridization with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) polymerase gene was used, as suggested by the close similarity of the herpes group virus-induced dna polymerases to the hcmv dna polymerase. a cosmid and plasmid library of the entire hcmv genome was screened with the bamhi q fragment ... | 1987 | 3023689 |
| selection and characterization of an interferon-responsive clonal cell line of hela cells. | hela cells generally do not respond well to interferon (ifn). we have used is-1, an ifn-sensitive mutant of mengovirus, to select a clone of ifn-responsive hela cells (f-h12). at moderate levels of human alpha/beta ifn, is-1 yields were fivefold lower in these cells than in similarly protected control cells. in contrast, wild-type mengovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus and a wild-type and thymidine kinase-negative strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 grew equally well in both cell lines. by a ... | 1986 | 3023528 |
| elisa for detection of igg and igm antibodies to hsv-1 and hsv-2 in human sera. | a rapid, enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) was applied to identify and measure specific igg and igm antibodies to herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). detergent solubilized infected cells and mock-infected cells were used as antigens in the assay. identification of type-specific antibodies was achieved by a competition assay in which clinical sera mixed with hsv-1 or hsv-2 antigens were assayed for reactivity to identical antigens coating wells of polystyrene microtiter plates ... | 1986 | 3021796 |
| characterization and immunogenicity of hsv-1 antigens obtained following zwitterionic detergent treatment. | a preparation was obtained from herpesvirus hominis type 1 (hsv-1) infected cells using the zwitterionic detergent, empigen bb. the preparation was partially purified by ultracentrifugation over a cushion of 20% sucrose. serological characterization by elisa and immuno double diffusion, using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies shows this preparation to contain hsv glycoproteins, including gc, gd and ge. immunization of balb/c mice elicited serum antibody responses against both hsv-1 and h ... | 1986 | 3020821 |
| identification of an epstein-barr virus-coded thymidine kinase. | we have demonstrated the presence of an epstein-barr virus (ebv)-coded thymidine kinase (tk) by producing biochemically transformed, tk-positive mammalian cell lines using either microinjection of whole ebv virions or calcium phosphate-mediated transfection of the sali-b restriction endonuclease fragment of ebv dna. analysis of these cell lines showed that: (i) ebv dna was present in the cell lines, (ii) sequences from the sali-b restriction endonuclease fragment of ebv were expressed, (iii) a t ... | 1986 | 3019675 |
| antiherpetic effects of a human alpha interferon analog, ifn-alpha con1, in hamsters. | the efficacy of a novel consensus form of human alpha interferon designated ifn-alpha con1 was evaluated against herpesvirus infections in vitro and in vivo. at comparable antiviral concentrations, natural lymphoblastoid ifn, ifn-alpha con1, the molecular subtype ifn-alpha, and the hybrid ifn-alpha ad(bgl) obtained by recombinant dna methods conferred similar protection against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-2) infections of human cells in vitro. whereas 7 x 10(5) u of ifn-alpha ad( ... | 1986 | 3019238 |
| glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus 1 is an inhibitor of the complement cascade. | mammalian cells in culture express membrane receptors for c3b when infected with hsv-1. c3b binding is mediated by glycoprotein c (gc), a virus-specified membrane glycoprotein. in view of the inhibitory functions of other c3b-binding proteins, we studied the capacity of gc to modulate complement activation. glycoprotein c was purified from hsv-1-infected cells by immunoaffinity chromatography. glycoprotein c, but not a control viral glycoprotein, demonstrated dose-dependent acceleration of decay ... | 1986 | 3018078 |
| the properties and sequence of glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the map position of the coding sequence of glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus type 1 was determined by marker transfer studies in which dna fragments cloned from a virus resistant to neutralisation by an anti-gh monoclonal antibody were used to transfer antibody resistance to wild type virus dna following cotransfection. the gh coding sequence was mapped to the bglii "m" fragment of hsv-1 dna (map coordinates 0.27-0.312), confirming the map position previously determined by intertypic recomb ... | 1986 | 3016991 |
| detection of hsv1 dna by in situ hybridisation in human brain after immunosuppression. | human brain cells were examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) dna sequences by in situ hybridisation. viral genome was detected in immunosuppressed patients with virological evidence of past hsv infection but not in immunosuppressed patients with no such evidence. in patients who had not been immunosuppressed, no hsv dna sequences were detectable. | 1986 | 3016195 |
| evaluation of five cell types for the isolation of herpes simplex virus. | five cells were evaluated in a comparative analysis for sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity in detecting the presence of herpes simplex virus hsv-1 and hsv-2. included in this study were human embryonic kidney (hek), rabbit kidney (rk), mrc-5, mink lung (ml), and microtus agrestis (umma). a total of 274 specimens from genital, throat, skin, or other sources that were submitted for hsv isolation were used in the study. the sensitivity of the different cells was assessed by the total number of ... | 1986 | 3013496 |
| herpes simplex virus immediate early infected-cell polypeptide 4 binds to dna and promotes transcription. | in herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells, there is a sequential expression of viral genes. in vivo experiments have implicated the mr 175,000 immediate early protein icp4 (infected-cell polypeptide 4) in the regulation of viral rna synthesis, but the mechanism whereby icp4 regulates transcription of viral genes is at present unknown. in this report we describe experiments with an in vitro transcription system and a purified preparation of icp4 (estimated 5% of total protein). using dna from ... | 1986 | 3012542 |
| studies on herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins were isolated and utilized to study the synthesis and processing of glycoproteins b, c, and d (gb, gc, gd, respectively). monoclonal antibodies against both gb and gd had higher virus-neutralizing activity when compared to that of gc. differences among these glycoproteins were observed in their time of appearance in the virus-infected cells. the presence of gd was detected at a very early stage of infection when compared to ... | 1986 | 3010559 |
| establishment of a rat cell line inducible for the expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene products by protein synthesis inhibition. | upon transfection of rat-2-tk- cells with plasmid pes, containing the cloned 7.0-kilobase (kb) ecori-sali fragment (0.063 to 0.089 map units) of the human cytomegalovirus genome, major immediate-early antigen expression was obtained in 1 to 2% of the nuclei of the transfected cells, as determined by immunofluorescence with the e3 monoclonal antibody. cotransfection of pes with the cloned herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene resulted in the establishment of a hypoxanthine-aminopterin ... | 1986 | 3009892 |
| evolutionary comparisons of the s segments in the genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus. | the genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) consist of two covalently joined segments, l and s. each segment comprises an unique sequence flanked by inverted repeats. we have reported previously the dna sequences of the s segments in these two genomes, and have identified protein-coding regions therein. in hsv-1, the unique sequence of s contains ten entire genes plus the major parts of two more, and each inverted repeat contains one entire gene; in vzv, t ... | 1986 | 3007657 |
| herpesvirus infection in man. | herpesviruses which affect man are herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus. the review deals with the more common clinical manifestations of human herpesvirus infections, which occur ubiquitously in all populations throughout the world. primary infections most commonly occur in childhood. it is a characteristic feature of herpesvirus that they generally remain in a latent form after clearance of the primary infection. the overall maj ... | 1985 | 3006233 |
| effects of mercury (ii) compounds on the activity of dutpases from various sources. | the deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolases (dutpases, ec 3.6.1.23) from escherichia coli k-12-,acholeplasma laidlawii b-pg9-, human kb cell-, and the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1- and 2-induced dutpases were purified and used to determine the effect of various mercury (ii) compounds on their activities. mercuric acetate, 5-mercuri-dutp (hgdutp), and 5-mercuri-dctp (hgdctp) acted as irreversible active site-directed inhibitors of the dutpases purified from eukaryotic organisms but no ... | 1986 | 3005836 |