Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| stability of neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (jhm strain) during chronic infection of neuroblastoma cells. | a line of mouse neuroblastoma cells which was chronically infected with the neurotropic strain (jhm) of mhv, a member of the coronavirus group, was established. these cells, designated nj, exhibited typical mhv cytopathic effects (cpe) at all passage levels along with the continual production of infectious virus. most cells were positive for viral antigen by immunoflourescence. viral particles consistent with the morphology of mhv were found by electron microscopy. the uninfected neuroblastoma c ... | 1978 | 207241 |
| translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna in vitro yields an active proteolytic processing enzyme. | in contrast to other cell-free translation systems, the mrna-dependent reticulocyte lysate can translate encephalomyocarditis virus rna efficiently and completely when supplemented with heterologous trna. cleavage of the nascent polypeptide chain occurs, and one of the translation products appears to be a specific proteolytic enzyme which correctly processes the primary products. the identity of the proteins made in vitro was verified by comparison with infected cell proteins on dodecylsulphate/ ... | 1978 | 206439 |
| synthesis of an oligonucleotide inhibitor of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates analogous to that formed in extracts from interferon-treated cells. | a heat-stable, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of protein synthesis is formed on incubation of haemin-supplemented rabbit reticulocyte lysates with atp and double-stranded rna (dsrna). it inhibits the translation of both added encephalomyocarditis virus rna (emc rna) and endogeneous messenger rna in reticulocyte lysates and mouse l-cell extracts. the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the inhibitor binds to dsrna and can be purified on a column of poly(i).poly (c) bound to an inert support. ... | 1978 | 206430 |
| membrane leakiness after viral infection and a new approach to the development of antiviral agents. | viral development induces changes in the permeability properties of the plasma membrane of the host cell. here it is shown that, because of this leakiness, inhibitors of protein synthesis normally impermeable to uninfected cells are able to enter infected cells and thereby specifically inhibit viral protein synthesis. | 1978 | 205795 |
| synthesis of as-triazines as potential antiviral agents. | four acenaphtho[1,2-e]-as-triazines and 11 5,6-diaryl-as-triazines, all substituted with an aliphatic or aromatic amino function in the 3-position, were synthesized. two acenaphthotriazines were active against vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture. | 1978 | 205646 |
| enhanced virus replication in mammalian cells exposed to commercial emulsifiers. | mammalian cell cultures were used to show that a variety of commercial emulsifiers are capable of enhancing the sensitivity of these cells to infection with several viruses. some emulsifiers were not active as enhancers, and those viruses that responded to the enhancing emulsifiers were single-stranded ribonucldic acid viruses. the double-stranded viruses that were tested were nonresponders. | 1978 | 205172 |
| picorna- and togavirus infection of cells detected by gas chromatography. | viral infection of cells causes chemical and metabolic changes, which can be detected by gas chromatography (gc) of ether extracts of supernatant fluids and cell homogenates before any significant damage to the cells is observable microscopically. the characteristic and specific gc patterns obtained from bhk-21 and vero cell cultures infected with encephalomyocarditis, polio, echoviruses, and a togavirus make it possible to distinguish between these infecting viruses. the appearance of 1 or 2 co ... | 1977 | 204744 |
| complete translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna and faithful cleavage of virus-specific proteins in a cell-free system from krebs-2 cells. | 1978 | 204520 | |
| the prevalence of encephalomyocarditis virus neutralizing antibodies among various human populations. | the prevalence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) antibodies among selected human populations in various regions of the world was determined by the plaque reduction neutralization method. antibody rates among children ranged from 1.0 to 33.9%, while those among adults varied from 3.2 to 50.6%. no differences between sexes were found in the frequency of emc infection. the pattern of age-specific antibody rates observed among the study populations suggests that emc infection occurs primarily duri ... | 1978 | 204206 |
| observations on the natural history of encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1978 | 204205 | |
| variable effect of encephalomyocarditis virus on host defense mechanisms. | a number of viruses have been shown to suppress a variety of host defense mechanisms. to further define the effect of a viral infection on host resistance, a number of parameters were examined during the course of a lethal encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice. the peripheral lymphocyte count, the induction of interferon in spleen cells by newcastle disease virus, and the proportion of b cells in the spleen were all decreased or suppressed. in contrast, the responsiveness of spleen lympho ... | 1978 | 203538 |
| requirement for macrophages for interferon to be effective against encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice. | suppression of macrophages in mice by treatments with silica or auro-thiomalate (myocrisin) reduced production of serum interferon by polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid by 85 to 90%, indicating that this double-stranded polynucleotide caused interferon production primarily in macrophages. suppression of macrophages in mice by silica or myocrisin treatment did not significantly affect the susceptibility of mice to encephalomyocarditis virus, although at virus doses around 20 times the 5 ... | 1978 | 203537 |
| enhanced resistance against encephalomyocarditis virus infection in mice, induced by a nonviable mycobacterium tuberculosis oil-droplet vaccine. | female c57b1/10 mice injected intravenously (i.v.) with nonviable mycobacterium tuberculosis jamaica cells associated with oil-droplet emulsions (wcv) were highly resistant to the i.v. injection of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). resistance to infection (87% survival) was detected from 1 week to at least 12 weeks after injection of wcv. mice vaccinated i.v. also were resistant to intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular virus challenge, but were not resistant to intracranial challenge. ... | 1978 | 203533 |
| [effective cell-free system for translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna]. | 1978 | 203436 | |
| [stimulation of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus reproduction by non-multiplying poliomyelitis virus in several transplantable tissue culture lines]. | reproduction of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) was studied in 5 continuous primate cell lines: hela, fl, detroit-6, p/7, and mio inoculated with guanidine-dependent variant of poliomyelitis virus in the absence of guanidine. poliomyelitis virus stimulated emc virus reproduction in all cell lines under study. this stimulation effect was studied at length in hela and mio cells. in hela cells, stimulation was observed at a low and moderate multiplicity of infection of emc virus but not at a ... | 1977 | 203116 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus rna. iii. presence of a genome-associated protein. | a low-molecular-weight protein was found to be associated with intact 35s rna isolated from purified encephalomyocarditis virus. this protein was positively charged at ph 3.5, sensitive to proteinase k treatment, and labeled with either 3h-amino acids or 32pi. | 1978 | 202751 |
| virus infection of murine teratocarcinoma stem cell lines. | 1977 | 202395 | |
| the influence of immunization on the production of interferon in vivo and in vitro. | the present study was undertaken to compare the production of interferon by immunized mice in response to different viral inducers. porton mice were immunized with ndv or a/wr11/57 virus by injecting 6-week-old animals with virus on days 1, 7, and 14. the interferon response was investigated 3 weeks later. compared with controls, the a-immunized mice after stimulation in vivo, produced more interferon when ndv was used as inducer. it was shown in sera as well as in washings of peritoneal cells. ... | 1977 | 202218 |
| nucleic acid as interferon inducer. its antiviral and antitumor activity. | the results of the present study have demonstrated that dsrna obtained in the system e. coli--bacteriophage is an interferon inducer and possesses antiviral and antitumoral activities. | 1977 | 202217 |
| physicochemical characteristics of ime-inhibitor of interferon activity from mouse embryo tissues. | further investigation with the inhibitor of interferon activity (ime) isolated from mouse embryo tissue is reported. the present results bring some new data concerning the physiochemical properties of the interferon antagonist. it is not dialysable, not sensitive to trypsin, lysozyme, hyaluronidase, rnase and ph 2, but is sensitive to ph 10 and neuraminidase. concentrated and partly purified tissue antagonist of interferon was separated on a column with sephadex g 100. three distinct, well separ ... | 1977 | 202216 |
| effect of impulsin treatment of interferon production and antiviral resistance of mice. | the effect of n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-palmitamide (impulsin, spofa)--an active endogenous compound which is recommended for preventing virus infection of the respiratory tract--on interferon production in mice stimulated with double stranded rna and on the course of disease caused by encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) was studied. impulsin itself did not stimulate interferon production in mice treated per os or intravenously. but repeated application of this drug per os induced a macrophage activation, ... | 1977 | 202215 |
| emc viral infection of the coronary blood vessels in newborn mice: viral vasculitis. | the coronary arteries, veins and capillaries of newborn mice experimentally infected with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus were studied histologically and electronmicroscopically. damage to these coronary vessels was patchy. some lesions were extensive, particularly when adjacent to areas of myocardial damage. the histological findings consisted of swelling of adventitial and endothelial cells pyknosis, and polymorphonuclear leucocyte and round cell infiltration. histological and ultrastructural ... | 1977 | 201264 |
| the attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus to erythrocytes from several animal species. | 1977 | 201092 | |
| structural studies of encephalomyocarditis virus rna both in situ and in free solution. | the secondary structure of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna has been studied in situ and in free solution by absorbance-temperature relationships and by circular dichroism (cd). extracted emc virus rna melts reversibly and has a hypochromicity of about 20%; analysis of cd spectra and formaldehyde treatment suggests that approx. 60% of the nucleotides are involved in base-pairing at 25 degrees c. it is shown that the rna within the virus particle is less structured than when it exists in free ... | 1977 | 200710 |
| virus-induced diabetes mellitus: viii. passage of encephalomyocarditis virus and severity of diabetes in susceptible and resistant strains of mice. | the diabetogenic capacity of the m-variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was markedly diminished after passage in mouse kidney cell cultures. one passage in mice fully restored this capacity. virus harvested after five passages in either susceptible (swr/j) or resistant (c57bl/6j) strains of mice was capable of producing diabetes in susceptible swr/j mice but not in resistant c57bl/6j mice. resistance was not overcome by inoculating mice with high concentrations of virus. immunofluorescenc ... | 1977 | 200705 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus infection of captive elephants. | four african elephants at each of 2 widely separated zoologic gardens in florida died following a fulminating illness. tissue suspensions obtained from an elephant from each of the zoologic gardens were inoculated into newborn mice, 3- to 4-week-old mice, and buffalo green monkey and baby hamster kidney cell cultures. encephalitis and myocarditis developed in the mice. the cell cultures were destroyed within 24 to 72 hours, and intracytoplasmic viral inclusions were observed in infected cells by ... | 1977 | 200596 |
| preweaning mortality in the pig. pathological findings in piglets dying between birth and weaning. | during a survey of preweaning mortality 538 piglets which died between birth and weaning were autopsied. the results of laboratory examinations permitted a division of the findings into a number of syndromes which were considered to be associated with the immediate cause of death. the non-infectious conditions such as trauma, starvation and suffocation were the most common. seventy-eight piglets were included in the trauma group because of depressed cranial bone fractures or visceral rupture lea ... | 1977 | 200212 |
| antibody to encephalomyocarditis virus in juvenile diabetes. | 1977 | 199838 | |
| localization of the restrictive event of emc virus replication in semi-permissive monkey and monkey-mouse hybrid cells. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus replication was investigated in permissive mouse mks cells, semi-permissive monkey cv1 cells, and in somatic monkey-mouse mkcviii hybrid cells whose permissiveness is under the negative control of the simian genome. we found that in cv1 cells the synthesis of both single- and double-stranded virus rnas was restricted. in contrast, in semi-permissive hybrid cl4/3 cells only the single-stranded virus rna was synthesized in small amounts, whereas the double-stranded ... | 1977 | 199701 |
| pancreatic insulin and glucagon content and secretion after infection of mice with emc virus [proceedings]. | 1977 | 199485 | |
| [pathologic anatomy of experimental diseases of small laboratory animals caused by encephalomyocarditis virus (strain emk-70)]. | the results of pathomorphological investigation of the disease in small laboratory animals experimentally induced by the emc-70 strain of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from monkeys are presented. irrespective of the mode of virus injection, the newborn and juvenile mice developed some lesions in the brown fat, transverse-striated muscles, as well as in the brain and heart. in guinea pigs the changes were characterized by the development of severe myocarditis and encephalitis accompanied by ... | 1977 | 199295 |
| islet transplantation. | 1977 | 198915 | |
| virus induced diabetes and the immune system. i. suggestion that appearance of diabetes depends on immune reactions. | the participation of immune reactions in the emc virus induced diabetes of the mouse was studied by immunosuppression with 500 r sublethal x-irradiation or 120 mg/kg asta 5122, a cyclophosphamide derivative. average glucose levels after x-irradiation and infection remained normal, while virus, infected, otherwise untreated mice, had significantly higher mean glucose levels, indicating that immune reactions are necessary for the development of virus induced diabetes. immune suppression by the cyc ... | 1977 | 198323 |
| protection of mice against encephalomyocarditis virus infection by chemically modified transfer rnas. | periodate or nitrous acid treatment greatly decreases the ability of unfractionated escherichia coli transfer rna (trna) to be aminoacylated by trna-synthetases but these treatments do not affect their antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice. bisulphite treatment of e. coli trna reduces its ability to be aminoacylated by 20% and has no effect on antiviral activity. bromine water treatment of trna under conditions causing extensive base modifications eliminates ami ... | 1977 | 197205 |
| antiviral activity of bovine interferons on primate cells. | potent preparations of bovine leucocyte and fibroblast interferons had substantial antiviral activity on monkey cells and low activity on human cells. thus, interferon from a 'lower' phylogenetic species can have considerable antiviral activity in primate cells, but not all primate cells are equally sensitive. | 1977 | 197203 |
| enhancement of virus growth produced by thiols and disulphides. | several thiols and disulphides have been found able both to shorten the latency phase and to increase the growth of several virus strains in cell cultures. | 1977 | 196894 |
| virus-induced diabetes mellitus. | 1977 | 196570 | |
| encephalomyocarditis virus antibodies in sera from apparently normal pigs. | antibodies which neutralise and precipitate encephalomyocarditis virus habe been found in the serum of more than 28 per cent of normal pigs in britain. neutralising activity was found in association with several size classes of antibody. | 1977 | 196385 |
| chemical structure of attachment sites for viruses on human erythrocytes. | 1977 | 196216 | |
| encephalomyocarditis virus rna. ii. polyadenylic acid requirement for efficient translation. | differentially polyadenylated subpopulatons of encephalomyocarditis (emc) viral rna were isolated by affinity chromatography on oligodeoxythymidylic acid-cellulose. translation of these rna fractions in several in vitro protein-synthesizing systems, isolated from ehrlich ascites tumor cells, demonstrated that poly(a)+emc viral rna was translated two to three times more efficiently than poly(a)-emc viral rna. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the polypetides sy ... | 1977 | 196111 |
| effects of heavy metals and of deficiency of zinc on mortality rates in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. | salts of cadmium, lead, mercury, and nickel given orally to mice increased encephalomyocarditis virus-induced mortality rates. although lead was the least toxic of the 4 metals, it enhanced the mortality the most. concentrations of mercuric chloride as low as 0.01 ppm intensified the mortality; a minimal concentration that resulted in no effect was not ascertained. zinc deficiency caused pronounced retardation of growth in young mice, but it did not influence mortality due to encephalomyocarditi ... | 1977 | 195500 |
| effects on interferon of heavy metal excess and zinc deficiency. | near toxic concentrations of cadmium sulfate, mercuric chloride, and nickel sulfate reduced interferon action in tissue cultures, but increased intake by the intact mouse of lead acetate and mercuric chloride did not reduce interferon action. lead and nickel given orally inhibited the protective activity of newcastle disease virus against encephalomyocarditis virus-induced mortality, whereas cadmium, mercury, cobalt sulfate, and sodium arsenite given orally and deficiency of zinc did not influen ... | 1977 | 195499 |
| high sensitivity of c3h mouse embryo-derived cell line to the antiviral activity of interferon. | 1977 | 195290 | |
| [does the diabetes caused by viral infection in mice depend on immune reactions?]. | normal dba2 mice become highly diabetic after infection with the emc virus. but 500 r x-irradiation before infection inhibits the increase of mean blood glucose levels thus indicating the participation of immune reactions in the appearance of diabetes. | 1977 | 194722 |
| [degradation by phytohemagglutinin of the antiviral state induced by interferon]. | phytohaemagglutinin (pha m and p forms), when added to l 929 cells previously treated by murine interferon, degrades the antiviral state and restores virus sensitivity in the cells. this degradation depends on the amount of the lectin, the contact period with the cell and the presence of pha membrane receptors. the importance of membrane configuration not only in the induction but also in the maintenance of the antiviral state is discussed. | 1977 | 194719 |
| a sensitive interferon assay for many species of cells: encephalomyocarditis virus hemagglutinin yield reduction. | 1977 | 194253 | |
| increase in lipid fluidity of cellular membranes induced by adsorption of rna and dna virions. | changes in the dynamic behavior of membrane lipids of mammalian cells induced by adsorption of animal viruses were quantitatively monitored by fluorescence polarization analysis with the aid of the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene embedded in the surface membrane lipid core of intact cells. adsorption of encephalomyocarditis, west nile, and polyoma viruses to hamster (baby hamster kidney) and mouse (3t3) cells is accompanied by a rapid and significant increase in the degree of flu ... | 1977 | 194057 |
| enteroviruses other than poliovirus. | the role of enteroviruses in certain specific disease--cardiac disease, nephritis, diabetes, and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--is examined. it has now been well documented that coxsackievirus b (types cb1 through cb5 but not cb6) is the main pathogen involved in various clinical forms of viral heart disease. coxsackievirus a (ca4 and ca16) and echovirus (types 9 and 22) may also be associated with viral heart disease. in regard to the etiologic role of enteroviruses in nephritis, pancreatitis, and ... | 1976 | 193602 |
| [fusion of encephalomyocarditis virus double-stranded rna]. | 1977 | 193583 | |
| immunomodulation of host resistance to experimental viral infections in mice: effects of corynebacterium acnes, corynebacterium parvum, and bacille calmette-guérin. | resistance to a representative group of experimental virual infections in mice was significantly enhanced by nonspecific modulation of host defense mechanisms. corynebacterium acnes, corynebacterium parvum, and bacille calmette-guérin were effective in enhancing host resistance. animals treated seven to 10 days before inoculation of virus were protected against a lethal infection with herpesvirus hominis type 2, encephalomyocarditis virus, murine cytomegalovirus, or semliki forest virus. the pro ... | 1977 | 192811 |
| suppressed response to interferon inducation in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, influenza a2 virus, herpesvirus hominis type 2, or murine cytomegalovirus. | mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, influenza a2 virus, herpesvirus hominis type 2, or murine cytomegalovirus developed a state of hyporeactivity to interferon induction. in general, the capacity of infected animals to produce interferon in response to inducers became progressively impaired during the course of infection. the severity and time of onset of hyporeactivity, however, were dependent upon the inducer and the nature of the viral infection. during viral ... | 1977 | 192804 |
| effect of virus infection and cycloheximide treatment on the labeling of cellular phospholipids with 32 p. | the total amount and the relative proportions of labeled phospholipids were studied in chorioallantoic membrane cells (cam), chick embryo cells (cec) and l cells which were either infected with newcastle disease virus (ndv), fowl plague virus (fpv) and mouse encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus or treated with cycloheximide. in productively infected or nonproductively infected cells, the total amount of labeled phospholipids was not altered, but the relative proportions of individual phospholipids w ... | 1977 | 192694 |
| [denaturation maps of the replicative form of rna of 2 picornaviruses]. | 1977 | 192525 | |
| [immunologic demonstration of a cellular component in the composition of the rna polymerase of encephalomyocarditis virus]. | 1977 | 192524 | |
| [potentiating effect of cycloheximide on viral interference]. | the degradation of the antiviral state can be delayed in vitro by antimetabolites, when added between 5-7 hours after interferon. we explore in this chronological order whether antiviral resistance induced by newcastle disease virus (n.d.v.) in vivo could be modified by an antimetabolite. cycloheximide was selected for this study because of its reversible biological effect and lack of toxicity in our experimental conditions. the model system employed was syrian hamsters, using n.d.v. as an inter ... | 1977 | 192485 |
| experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis: treatment with 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine. | 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (f(3)dthd) was evaluated for its neurotoxicity and for its ability to increase the life span of mice injected intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and f(3)dthd simultaneously. f(3)dthd showed no neurotoxicity at the highest concentration tested (100 mg/kg). mice injected intracerebrally with hsv-1 died within 5 days postinfection. however, all mice injected concurrently with hsv-1 and 100 mg of f(3)dthd per kg lived through the termination of ... | 1977 | 192143 |
| light and electron microscopic studies of "nude" mice cns after subcutaneous administration of the e variant of the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. | sixteen 3 month old "nude" mice, 24 of their litter mates and 30 swiss mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.1 ml suspension of the e variant of the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. while the mortality rate of the litter mates and swiss mice during 5-7 days after inoculation was more than 40%, none of the "nude" mice died during the experiment. the surviving animals were sacrificed at 24 h intervals from day one to seven days after injection. brain suspensions assayed for the presence of the ... | 1977 | 192039 |
| [the lysosomes during the course of the emc virus induced damage of the myocardial cell (author's transl)]. | 1976 | 192012 | |
| bis-basic-substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds. a new class of antiviral agents. 8. bis-basic derivatives of carbazole, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene. | a series of bisalkamine esters, bis-basic ethers, and bis-basic ketones of carbazole, n-ethylcarbazole, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. the series also included two bis-basic alkanes of n-ethylcarbazole and one bis-basic carboxamide of dibenzofuran. structure-activity relationships indicated that within the carbazole and n-ethylcarbazole series the bisalkamine esters gave the most active derivatives while the bis-basic ketone derivatives o ... | 1977 | 191610 |
| comparison of antiviral and antitumor activity of activated macrophages. | 1977 | 191199 | |
| the translation of globin messenger rna with use of muscle initiation factors. | the ability of embryonic chicken muscle initiation factors to translate rabbit globin messenger rna in an efficient, fractionated cell-free system has been examined. although muscle factors stimulate leucine incorporation to only 15--35% the levels achieved with rabbit reticulocyte initiation factors, they synthesize more than one globin chain per mrna molecule and both alpha and beta globin are produced. increasing the ribosome concentration and adding the polyamine spermidine to the system pro ... | 1977 | 191079 |
| the size and location of the poly(a) tract in emc virus rna. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna, selected by its affinity for oligo(dt)-cellulose, contains poly(a) of size : (i) about 14 nucleotide residues long, based on the percentage of radioactivity in the rna resistant to digestion by a mixture of pancreatic and t1 rnases; (ii) about 15 residues long, as measured by the ratio of the amount of terminal adenosine to internal adenylic acid in isolated poly(a); and (iii) in the range 12 to 45 residues, the majority of tracts being about 16 to 18 residu ... | 1977 | 190347 |
| possible in vitro repair of viral rna by ligase-like enzyme(s) in poliovirus-infected cells. | a soluble polymerase-template complex prepared from poliovirus-infected cells was found to incorporate radioactive utp into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble rna linearly for 8 h in the presence of atp and mg2+. radioactive ctp or gtp was not incorporated under identical conditions. nearest-neighbor analysis of the in vitro product demonstrated that atp was added to the viral rna in the form of polyadenylic acid; utp was added internally to the 3'-oh group of all four nucelotides. the data can best ... | 1977 | 189080 |
| tunicamycin inhibits glycosylation and multiplication of sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. | tunicamycin (tm), an antibiotic that inhibits the formation of n-acetylglucosamine-lipid intermediates, thereby preventing the glycosylation of newly synthesized glycoproteins, inhibits the growth of sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus in bhk cells. at 0.5 mug of tm per ml, the replication of both viruses is inhibited 99.9%. noninfectious particles were not detected. all the viral proteins were synthesized in the presence of tm, but the glycoproteins were selectively altered in that the ... | 1977 | 189071 |
| protection of mice against encephalomyocarditis virus infection by preparations of transfer rna. | preparations of bacterial transfer rna (trna), give dose-dependent protection of mice against encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection at up to i mg trna per mouse with maximum response when the trna is administered around 6 h before infection. protection occurs with intraperitoneally and intravenously administered trna against infections by both these routes. in some experiments significant protection occurs by single treatments of trna up to 24 h after infection with virus doses of i x ld100 ... | 1977 | 188982 |
| aminoacylation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | rna extracted from purified encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus (emc-rna) can be aminoacylated with synthetase praparations from escherichia coli, beef and rabbit liver. the extent of aminoacylation is between 0-024 and 0-080 moles per mole emc-rna and occurs only with serine. either removal of possible low mol. wt. contaminants with 3 m-sodium acetate nor periodate oxidation of the virus rna affects its aminoacylation capacity. | 1977 | 188978 |
| [virus-induced diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. | 1975 | 188243 | |
| photodynamic effect of toluidine blue on mm virus. | the photodynamic effect of toluidine blue (tb) was studied on mm virus cultivated in l cells and on the rna extracted form mm virus inoculated to mice by intracerebral route. mm virus infectivity is completely inhibited by the photodynamic action of tb, due to lesions at the molecular level of the viral rna. | 1976 | 188232 |
| polyadenylation of ribonucleic acids in mouse l cells infected by encephalomyocarditis virus. | polyadenylation of cytoplasmic rnas was investigated in l cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. during the early stage of infection, the mean size of newly made poly(a) chains attached to cell mrnas decreased gradually, in parallel with the shut-off of rna synthesis. later on, poly(a) segments, an average of 50 nucleotides long, were associated with viral rna isolated either from polysomes or whole cytoplasm. these segments seemed to be processed differently in the course of time, and ... | 1976 | 187554 |
| size of the poly(a) sequences in encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | poly(a) sequences were demonstrated in the rna of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus by affinity chromatography on poly(u)-sepharose, treatment with rnases, and determination of the ability of the rna to prime for reverse transcription. the size of the poly(a) sequences was estimated as 10-20 nucleotides in length by determination of the fraction resistant to pancreatic rnases plus t1 rnases, followed by analysis of electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels and of the amp-to-adenosine ratio ... | 1975 | 187553 |
| size and location of poly (a) in encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna contains a covalently bound sequence of polyriboadenylic acid (poly(a). this was determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of complete t1 and pancreatic rnase digests of formamidesucrose gradient-purified rna and subsequent analysis of the product by alkaline hydrolysis. the size of the emc virus genomic poly(a) sequence was estimated by formamide-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rnase-resistant product, or by [3h-]poly(u) hybridization to fr ... | 1976 | 186764 |
| absence of 5' terminal capping in encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | the nature of the 5' terminus of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virion rna has been investigated. we have failed to detect any capped products or nucleoside polyphosphates arising upon complete digestion of the rna with t1, t2, and pancreatic ribonucleases, and it would therefore appear that the 5' terminus of emc virus rna is not phosphorylated and not capped with m7g. emc virions do contain, however, large amounts of all four 5'-monosubstituted nucleoside triphosphates (4.2m pppg; 16.4m pppa; 3.om ... | 1976 | 186763 |
| genetic differences in susceptibility of pancreatic beta cells to virus-induced diabetes mellitus. | 1976 | 186716 | |
| role of interferon in the pathogenesis of virus diseases in mice as demonstrated by the use of anti-interferon serum. i. rapid evolution of encephalomyocarditis virus infection. | the role of interferon in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection was determined by treating mice with potent, partially purified sheep anti-mouse interferon globulin. in control mice, emc virus was present in low titers in various visceral organs but attained high titers in the brain towards the 4th to 5th day, at which time mice died with signs of central nervous system disease. in mice treated with anti-mouse interferon globulin, virus was present in high titer in visce ... | 1976 | 186554 |
| antiviral activity of bl-3849a, a low-molecular-weight oral interferon inducer. | oral administration of bl-3849a to adult mice resulted in peak serum interferon titers of 4,000 units from 15 to 30 h after administration, with detectable levels persisting until 48 h. after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, peak serum interferon titers of 1,000 to 3,000 units were noted between 9 and 18 h. multiple injections of the inducer by either route resulted in a marked decrease in the interferon response with each successive dose. in mice infected intranasally with the rochester mous ... | 1976 | 185953 |
| effect of treatment with exogenous interferon, polyinosinic acid-polyctyidylic acid or polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid-poly-l-lysine complex on encephalomyocarditis virus infections in mice. | the effect of treatment with exogenous interferon was compared with two interferon inducers, polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid [poly(i:c)] and [poly(i:c)]-poly-l-lysine complex (p-l-l complex), in two model encephalomyocarditis virus infections of mice. although both inducers stimulated the production of interferon, the peak serum levels induced by p-l-l complex were five- to eightfold greater than those induced with poly(i:c). when encephalomyocarditis virus was inoculated by either the intr ... | 1976 | 185951 |
| bis-basic-substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds. a new class of antiviral agents. 7. bisalkamine esters of 9-oxoxanthene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-bis-basic ethers of xanthen-9-one, and 2,7-bis(aminoacyl)xanthen-9-ones-xanthenes, and -thioxanthenes. | 3,6-bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-9h-xanthen-9-one dihydrochloride (4, rmi 10874da) and 1,1'-(9h-xanthene 2,7-diyl)bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethanone] dihydrochloride (16, rmi 11513da) were found to prolong survival of mice infected with lethal challenges of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. they were effective by oral as well as subcutaneous administration and showed broad-spectrum antiviral activity. they were selected for preclinical evaluation from the five series of compounds named in the title t ... | 1976 | 185385 |
| viral spread in the presence of neutralizing antibody: mechanisms of persistence in foamy virus infection. | several viruses were categorized on the basis of their ability to spread from cell to contiguous cell and form plaques in the presence of antiviral antibody. herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and vaccinia, measles, and foamy viruses were able to spread in the presence of neutralizing antibody, whereas coxsackievirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, mumps virus, and simian virus 5 failed to spread. a detailed study of one of these virus groups (simian foamy viruses) s ... | 1976 | 185150 |
| [ring and linear dimers of the replicative form of encephalomyocarditis virus rna]. | 1976 | 185035 | |
| anti-viral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus and semliki forest virus and acute toxicity of poly i and poly c administered sequentially to mice. | mice are protected against lethal intraperitoneal and intravenous infection by encephalomyocarditis virus and semliki forest virus by sequential treatment with poly i followed by either polyc or poly5-hydroxyc without production of interferon when the treatments are 4 or more hours apart and by the intraperitoneal or intravenous routes. maximum protection occurs around 4 hours before infection and is still significant 20 hours after infection. treatments with combinations of other homoribopolynu ... | 1976 | 184760 |
| interferon-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in l-cell extracts: an atp-dependent step in the activation of an inhibitor by double-stranded rna. | the translation of encephalomyocarditis virion rna in extracts from interferon-treated l-cells is inhibited by the addition of double-stranded rna (dsrna) at 400 ng/ml. a similar inhibition in response to dsrna is seen in control cell extracts supplemented with small amounts of a postribosomal supernatant fraction from interferon-treated cells (interferon cell sap): neither interferon cell sap nor dsrna alone is inhibitory in control systems. the inhibition is much reduced if translation is carr ... | 1976 | 184463 |
| competition between cellular and viral mrnas in vitro is regulated by a messenger discriminatory initiation factor. | encephalomyocarditis viral rna has previously been shown to outcompete host cellular mrna has for translation in vitro in crude and fractionated protein synthesizing systems. in the present communication it is shown that the competition is regulated by an initiation factor or complex of factors, and not the 40s initiation complex per se. the factor primarily involved is the murine equivalent of a component present in a partially purified preparation of rabbit initiation factor m3. both the murin ... | 1976 | 184455 |
| interactions between 125-i-labelled rna from rna tumor viruses and rna of other sources. | fragmented 125i-labelled rna from rna tumor viruses was hybridized to unlabelled rna from cells, viruses, and homoribopolymers. the viral rna interacted with all rna tested, except for certain homoribopolymers. complex formation with unlabelled rna was verified by nuclease resistance, buoyant density measurements, and thermal stability in solutions of different ionic strength. the rnaase-resistant complex involved 20-30% of the sequences in the 125i-labelled viral rna and formed preferentially w ... | 1976 | 183817 |
| limitation of reticulocyte transfer rna in the translation of heterologous messenger rnas. | the effect of various trnas on protein synthesis was investigated using a trna-dependent cell-free system from ehrlich ascites cells. ascites cell trna and rabbit liver trna were found to promote efficient translation of globin mrna, oviduct mrna, and encephalomycarditis (emc) viral rna. in contrast, reticulocyte trna participated efficiently only in the translation of globin mrna; the translation of oviduct mrna and emc viral rna in the presence of reticulocyte trna resulted in the synthesis o ... | 1976 | 183813 |
| poly(c) sequence is located near the 5'-end of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | 1976 | 183773 | |
| the inability of a diabetogenic virus to induce diabetes mellitus in athymic (nude) mice. | the effect of a known diabetogenic m-strain encephalomyocarditis (emc)-virus in athymic nude mice (lacking the thymus-dependent lymphocyte system), and in heteroxygous littermates and homozygous normal mice of the background strain (c57/b16) was investigated. while by 3 weeks 4 out of 4 surviving virus-inoculated littermates and 9 out of 9 inoculated normal mice developed diabetes mellitus, none of the 7 surviving virus-inoculated nude mice became diabetic. virus was isolated from all inoculated ... | 1976 | 183460 |
| a study on the infectivity of encephalomyocarditis virus double-stranded rna with selectively inactivated strands. | 1976 | 183367 | |
| encephalomyocarditis virus rna: variations in polyadenylic acid content and biological activity. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) viral rna was isolated from purified virus grown in ehrlich ascites tumor cells. the viral rna was found to contain polyadenylic acid [poly(a)] regions that were very heterogeneous in length. chromatography of the emc viral rna on oligo(dt)-cellulose columns separated the rna into three distinct fractions (peaks 1 to 3). approximately 20% of the emc viral rna appeared as peak 1, 40% as peak 2, and 40% as peak 3. the rna in each fraction appeared to be intact as shown b ... | 1976 | 183008 |
| investigation of the anti-viral mechanism of poly i and poly c against encephalomyocarditis virus infection in the absence of interferon induction in mice. | protection of mice against emc virus infection by poly c and poly i has already been distinguished from interferon mediated protection in several ways. transfer of serum from emc virus infected and poly c or poly i treated mice to donor mice that were then infected shows that the anti-viral effect of the single-stranded polynucleotides is not due to boosting interferon produced by infection itself in the way that inferferon can be 'primed' in vitro. mice surviving infections of more than i x ld1 ... | 1976 | 182913 |
| the selection of virus-resistant chinese hamster ovary cells. | we have selected chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells resistant to infection by encephalomycarditis (emc) virus. thus far, we have obtained five lines resistant to emc, all of which manifest different phenotypes. three of the five are not persistently infected with virus, while two lines produce infectious virus and grow in its presence. the nonpersistently infected lines exhibit different resistance profiles to the other viruses we have tested, and they are stable in nonselective growth conditions ... | 1976 | 182382 |
| antiviral activity of an extract of brucella abortus: induction of interferon and immunopotentiation of host resistance. | 1976 | 181760 | |
| hydrosoluble immunostimulants of bacterial and synthetic origins. | the role of whole mycobacteria, mycobacterial cell walls and waxes d as immunostimulants was well established many years ago. more recently three different research groups have shown that hydrosoluble components from mycobacterial and other bacterial origins were as active as waxes d or cell walls and were free of many side-effects. studies concerning the relationship between structure and activity were achieved which led to the description of a small biologically active fragment and to a first ... | 1976 | 181265 |
| [localization of the polycytidylic sequence in the virion rna molecule of the encephalomyocarditis virus]. | 1976 | 181231 | |
| an integrated and comparative study of the antiviral effects and other biological properties of the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid duplex and its mismatched analogues. iii. chronic effects and immunological features. | 1976 | 180397 | |
| requirement of an adenylic acid-rich segment for the infectivity of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | about 80% of the rna molecules extracted from encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus were bound by oligo(dt)-cellulose under conditions which bind poly(a) but not poly(c) nor ribosomal rna. this shows that most emc virus rna molecules contain a poly(a) tract. both bound and unbound fractions contained rna molecules of apparently the same size when examined by sucrose gradient sedimentation, but the bound fraction contained an adenylic acid-rich segment of about 20 nucleotides long, whereas the unbound ... | 1976 | 180245 |
| permissiveness of mouse, monkey and hybrid cells to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus replicates to high titre in permissive mouse kidney (mks) cells but poorly in monkey kidney (cv1) cells. the permissiveness of monkey-mouse hybrid cells varies according to their chromosomal content. in monkey cells, the synthesis of both single-stranded and double-stranded virus rna is restricted; in semi-permissive hybrid clones, the double-stranded rna is synthesized normally, whereas the synthesis of the single-stranded rna is inhibited. thus, it seems that m ... | 1976 | 180239 |
| mechanism of premature polypetide termination in a mouse ascites cell-free system programmed by encephalomyocarditis viral rna. | the premature termination and release of encephalomyocarditis viral rna-programmed polypeptides were analyzed in a cell-free system from mouse ascites tumor cells. the kcl concentration affects the size distribution of products but not the extent of polypeptide release. the same major products (60,000 to 140,000 molecular weight) are found in both the soluble and particulate fractions. the majority of released polypeptides are free protein, whereas the ribosome-bound product is mostly in the for ... | 1976 | 178909 |
| preparation and characterization of eukaryotic initiation factor eif-3. formation of binary (eif-3-met-trnaf) and ternary (eif-3-met-trnaf-gtp) complexes. | the 133,000 x g supernatant fraction prepared from ascites cells in 20 mm kcl (low ckl supernatant) contained the initiation factors eif-1 and eif-2 (and the elongation factore ef-1 and ef-2) but lacked eif-3; thus, low kcl supernatant could be used to assay for eif-3. eif-3 was prepared from a crude initiation factor perparation (a 250 mm kcl extract of ascites cell ribosomes precipitated with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate) by chromatography on deae-sephadex a-50 and hydroxylapatite. the eif-o ... | 1976 | 178648 |
| in vitro translation of encephalomyocarditis viral rna: synthesis of capsid precursor-like polypeptides. | 1976 | 178097 | |
| effect of ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimoniate on encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in mice. | ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimoniate (hpa 23) protected micr partially or completely against two strains of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and one strain of vesicular stomatitis (vsv) virus. the best protective effect was obtained with emc strain vr 129 and vsv when a single i.p. injection of hpa 23 was administered shortly before virus inoculation. mice protected by hpa 23 against emc strain vr129 had virus titres in the blood and brain similar to those in untreated mice. a synergism between inte ... | 1976 | 177729 |