Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| lactation under induced five-month delay reproduction in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | in iberian deer, calf birth date affects both milk production and composition, as well as the weight change of hind during lactation and calf growth. this study examines a five-month induced delay in calving (autumn group) in a group of 19 iberian hinds compared to a group of 13 standard calving hinds (spring group). fertility in the autumn group was half that of the spring one. from the former, a further two calves out of six died before or soon after birth. successfully lactating hinds showed ... | 2004 | 14981785 |
| regulation of ras-mapk pathway mitogenic activity by restricting nuclear entry of activated mapk in endoderm differentiation of embryonic carcinoma and stem cells. | in response to retinoic acid, embryonic stem and carcinoma cells undergo differentiation to embryonic primitive endoderm cells, accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation. differentiation does not reduce the activation of cellular mapk/erk, but does uncouple mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) activation from phosphorylation/activation of elk-1 and results in inhibition of c-fos expression, whereas phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic substrate p90rsk remains unaltered. cell fractionatio ... | 2004 | 14981092 |
| all i need is the air that i breath: outdoor air quality and asthma. | in recent years, developing insight into the pathophysiology of asthma and advances in asthma management have been substantial. despite these advancements, asthma remains a significant health problem in the paediatric population. in the usa, the prevalence of asthma in children under 18 years of age is estimated at 7% [us environmental health protection agency. publication # epa-100-r-018. washington, dc, 2000]. prevalence rates in various subpopulations, particularly african and hispanic americ ... | 2004 | 14980245 |
| [the occurrence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) in bavaria]. | brain samples of 849 free-ranging ruminants (654 roe deer, 189 red deer and 6 chamois) from bavaria were examined for tse. in this respect, detections of prpres were carried out by elisa technique (biorad) and immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody (mab) l42. validation experiments of the elisa technique for the detection of prionprotein from free-ranging ruminants showed that the examination of brains of wild ruminants lead to lower extinctions than that of bovine brain samples. due ... | 2004 | 14964120 |
| pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domain-dependent membrane association and tyrosine phosphorylation of dok-4, an inhibitory adapter molecule expressed in epithelial cells. | dok-like adapter molecules represent an expanding family of pleckstrin homology (ph) and phosphotyrosine-binding (ptb) domain-containing tyrosine kinase substrates with negative regulatory functions in hematopoietic cell signaling. in a search for nonhematopoietic counterparts to dok molecules, we identified and characterized dok-4, a recently cloned member of the family. dok-4 mrna was strongly expressed in nonhematopoietic organs, particularly the intestine, kidney, and lung, whereas both mrna ... | 2004 | 14963042 |
| [the spleen of the elk (alces alces l.)]. | 1952 | 14951603 | |
| elk, winter ticks, and rocky mountain spotted fever; a query. | 1951 | 14883263 | |
| ternary complex factor sap-1 is required for erk-mediated thymocyte positive selection. | thymocyte selection and differentiation requires extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) signaling, but transcription factor substrates of erk in thymocytes are unknown. we have characterized the function of sap-1 (elk4), an erk-regulated transcription factor, in thymocyte development. early thymocyte development was normal, but single-positive thymocyte and peripheral t cell numbers were reduced, reflecting a t cell-autonomous defect. t cell receptor-induced activation of sap-1 target genes ... | 2004 | 14770179 |
| androgen inhibition of map kinase pathway and elk-1 activation in proliferating osteoblasts. | non-aromatizable androgens have significant beneficial effects on skeletal homeostasis independently of conversion to estradiol, but the effects of androgens on bone cell metabolism and cell proliferation are still poorly understood. using an osteoblastic model with enhanced androgen responsiveness, mc3t3-e1 cells stably transfected with androgen receptor (ar) under the control of the type i collagen promoter (colar-mc3t3), the effects of androgens on mitogenic signaling were characterized. cult ... | 2004 | 14766003 |
| estimating selection on neonatal traits in red deer using elasticity path analysis. | van tienderen recently published a method that links selection gradients between a phenotypic trait and multiple fitness components with the effects of these fitness components on the population growth rate (mean absolute fitness). the method allows selection to be simultaneously estimated across multiple fitness components in a population dynamic framework. in this paper we apply the method to a population of red deer living in the north block of the isle of rum, scotland. we show that (1) sele ... | 2003 | 14761065 |
| the role of hippocampal signaling cascades in consolidation of fear memory. | we investigated the involvement of hippocampal protein kinase a (pka), protein kinase c (pkc), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (camk ii), and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (mek-1/2) in the phosphorylation of their downstream targets extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk-1/2), camp-response element-binding protein (creb), elk-1, and p90 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (p90rsk-1). the role of these processes in memory consolidation of conditioned ... | 2004 | 14739006 |
| adaptive hypersensitivity to estrogen: mechanism for sequential responses to hormonal therapy in breast cancer. | clinical observations demonstrate that women with breast cancer often respond to subsequent endocrine manipulation after resistance to initial hormonal therapy develops. as a mechanistic explanation for these findings, we hypothesized that human breast tumors can adapt in response to the pressure exerted by endocrine therapy with development of hypersensitivity to estradiol. to understand the signaling pathways responsible, we examined estrogenic stimulation of cell proliferation in a model syst ... | 2004 | 14734489 |
| antibodies to ruminant alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses in norwegian cervids. | a serologic survey revealed that norwegian populations of free-ranging reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), and moose (alces alces) have been exposed to alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses. a total of 3,796 serum samples collected during the period 1993-2000 were tested in a neutralization test for antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) or cervid herpesvirus 2 (cerhv-2), and 3,897 samples were tested by a neutralization test ... | 2003 | 14733272 |
| extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 interacts with and is negatively regulated by the lim-only protein fhl2 in cardiomyocytes. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway regulates diverse biologic functions including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) constitute one branch of the mapk pathway that has been implicated in the regulation of cardiac differentiated growth, although the downstream mechanisms whereby erk signaling affects this process are not well characterized. here we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with erk2 ba ... | 2004 | 14729955 |
| the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor cyc202 (r-roscovitine) inhibits retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, causes loss of cyclin d1, and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | deregulation of the cell cycle commonly occurs during tumorigenesis, resulting in unrestricted cell proliferation and independence from mitogens. cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors have the potential to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. cyc202 (r-roscovitine) is a potent inhibitor of cdk2/cyclin e that is undergoing clinical trials. drugs selected to act on a particular molecular target may exert additional or alternative effects in intact cells. we therefore studied the mo ... | 2004 | 14729633 |
| a processed pseudogene contributes to apparent mule deer prion gene heterogeneity. | pathogenesis and transmission of the prion disorders (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, tses) are mediated by a modified isoform of the prion protein (prp). prion protein gene (prnp) alleles associated with relative susceptibility to tse have been identified in sheep, humans and possibly elk. comparable data have not been derived for mule deer, a species susceptible to the tse chronic wasting disease (cwd). initial analysis of the open reading frame (orf) in exon 3 of the mule deer prnp ... | 2004 | 14729275 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction-based method to identify species-specific components in dog food. | to determine whether there is a relationship between species-specific mitochondrial dna (mtdna), especially canine and feline mtdna, and detectable amounts of pentobarbital in previously analyzed dog food samples. | 2004 | 14719710 |
| failure to detect prion protein (prpres) by immunohistochemistry in striated muscle tissues of animals experimentally inoculated with agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. | transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) are fatal neurologic diseases. infection by the causative agent, a prion, induces accumulations of an abnormal form of prion protein (prp(res)) in tissues of nervous and lymphoid systems. presence of characteristic histopathologic changes (spongiform encephalopathy) and detection of protease-resistant prp(res) in neural and lymphoid tissues are the basis of currently available methods for diagnosis of tses. in this study, samples of striated muscl ... | 2004 | 14715973 |
| characterization of chaotic dynamics in the vocalization of cervus elaphus corsicanus. | 2003 | 14714785 | |
| immunohistochemical investigations of the autonomous innervation of the cervine testis. | the innervation of the cervine testis was studied in 6 roe deers, 7 red deers and 14 fallow deers. the results for the three species are rather similar. with anti-sera to neurofilament (nf) and neuron specific enolase (nse), all small and large nerve fascicles can be demonstrated, but single fibers are incompletely stained. immunoreactions against protein gene product-9.5 (pgp-9.5) and gap-43 (growth-associated protein-43) are better suited to depict the complete innervation pattern. bundles of ... | 2003 | 14703994 |
| model-based assessment of aspen responses to elk herbivory in rocky mountain national park, usa. | in rocky mountain national park (rmnp), aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) has been observed to be declining on elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) winter range for many decades. to support elk management decisions, the savanna ecosystem model was adapted to explore interactions between elk herbivory and aspen dynamics. the simulated probability of successful vegetative regeneration for senescent aspen stands declines sharply when elk densities reach levels of 3-5 elk/km2, depending on model assumption ... | 2003 | 14703920 |
| ets ternary complex transcription factors. | the three ternary complex factors (tcfs) elk-1, net and sap-1 form a subfamily of the e twenty-six (ets) domain transcription factors. their characteristic property is the ability to form a ternary nucleoprotein complex with the serum response factor (srf) over the serum response element (sre) of the c-fos promoter. the molecular mechanisms that underlie the function and regulation of these factors have been extensively studied and the tcfs are a paradigm for the study of transcriptional regulat ... | 2004 | 14693367 |
| mice deficient for the ets transcription factor elk-1 show normal immune responses and mildly impaired neuronal gene activation. | the transcription factor elk-1 belongs to the ternary complex factor (tcf) subfamily of ets proteins. tcfs interact with serum response factor to bind jointly to serum response elements in the promoters of immediate-early genes (iegs). tcfs mediate the rapid transcriptional response of iegs to various extracellular stimuli which activate mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. to investigate physiological functions of elk-1 in vivo, we generated elk-1-deficient mice by homologous recombinati ... | 2004 | 14673163 |
| binding of ap-2 and ets-domain family members is associated with enhancer activity in the hypersensitive site iii region of the human growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin locus. | the human gh gene family is specifically expressed in somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary and placental syncytiotrophoblast. two nuclease-hypersensitive sites, hs iii and hs v, are associated with a region of chromatin located 28 and 30 kb upstream of the pituitary gh gene transcription initiation site (+1) in both pituitary and placenta nuclei. a role for this region in pituitary gh gene expression has been reported, but the potential relevance to placental gene expression has not been deter ... | 2004 | 14673137 |
| bcr-abl regulates protein kinase ciota (pkciota) transcription via an elk1 site in the pkciota promoter. | the protein kinase c (pkc) family of serine/threonine kinases plays an important role in numerous cancer signaling pathways, including those downstream of the bcr-abl oncogene. we demonstrated previously that atypical pkciota is required for bcr-abl-mediated resistance of human k562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml) cells to taxol-induced apoptosis. here, we report that the pattern of pkc isozyme expression characteristic of cml cells is regulated by bcr-abl. when bcr-abl was expressed in bcr-a ... | 2004 | 14670960 |
| inhibition of mek/erk 1/2 pathway reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 expression in focal cerebral ischemia. | it has been proposed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways may play a role in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interlukine-1, during cerebral ischemia. our previous study showed that extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk 1/2) were activated during focal cerebral ischemia in mice [j. cereb. blood flow metab. 20 (2000) 1320]. however, the effect of erk 1/2 activation in focal cerebral ischemia is still unclear. in this study we reported that in vi ... | 2004 | 14670631 |
| ovarian follicle development in wapiti (cervus elaphus) during the anovulatory season. | the ovaries of 12 mature wapiti hinds were studied by transrectal ultrasonography during the anovulatory season to characterize follicular dynamics and to test the hypothesis that follicle development occurs in a wave-like fashion. the hinds were examined daily, standing without sedation. follicle size and numbers were recorded, and individual follicles were identified serially. follicle development was considered wave-like if periodic changes in follicle numbers could be associated temporally w ... | 2004 | 14662145 |
| [dib (veterinarians in business) visits colleague niels van elk in dolfinarium hardewijk, the netherlands]. | 2003 | 14650727 | |
| estimate and production of milk energy in two subspecies of red deer: cervus elaphus hispanicus and c. e. scoticus. | this study estimates the caloric value of red deer milk as assessed relating bomb calorimetry data with the main milk nutrients. the study also examines milk energy estimates and lactation variables to compare iberian red deer hinds (cervus elaphus hispanicus) and the most studied scottish red deer (c. e. scoticus). the final model predicted energy value (ecal) in kcal/g of fresh milk from fat (f) and protein (p) content of milk, but not lactose: ecal = 0.345 + 8.332 f + 5.403 p. energy content ... | 2003 | 14648675 |
| activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells induce p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in trophoblast-like jar cells. | mammalian pregnancy bears many similarities to transplantation, since the fetus is semi-allogenic to mother. thus, mammals have developed numerous mechanisms to protect the developing fetus from maternal immunologic recognition and attack. we have previously shown that human choriocarcinoma jar cells, which resemble first trimester trophoblasts, regulate several important mrnas in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). we now provide further evidence that communication between mate ... | 2003 | 14638439 |
| fluctuating asymmetry in a secondary sexual trait: no associations with individual fitness, environmental stress or inbreeding, and no heritability. | it has been suggested that fluctuating asymmetry (fa) in secondary sexual traits may be a useful indicator of either individual quality or environmental stress. we tested this concept using a series of analyses of fa in male antler size in a wild red deer (cervus elaphus) population, using four measures of size repeated across successive years on the same individuals. we found no consistent evidence of correlations between traits in levels of fa, nor of any associations between known environment ... | 2003 | 14635885 |
| the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene is induced by cell adhesion through the mek/erk pathway. | the type-i plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1), the primary inhibitor of both tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (t-pa, u-pa), is the primary regulator of plasminogen activation and possibly of extracellular proteolysis. in anchorage-dependent cells, the pai-1 gene is regulated by cell adhesion. pai-1 gene expression is induced more evidently in cells that adhered to the culture plate than in those that did not adhere. in this study, we further demonstrate that the pai-1 g ... | 2003 | 14631113 |
| negative regulation of insulin-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by grb10. | grb10 is a pleckstrin homology and src homology 2 (sh2) domain-containing protein that binds to the tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor in response to insulin stimulation. loss of grb10 function in mice results in fetal and placental overgrowth; however, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. in the present study, we show that overexpression of grb10 in chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the insulin receptor or in 3t3-l1 adipocytes reduced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of mapk. o ... | 2004 | 14615605 |
| the chemopreventive bioflavonoid apigenin modulates signal transduction pathways in keratinocyte and colon carcinoma cell lines. | apigenin is a nonmutagenic chemopreventive agent found in fruits and green vegetables. in this study, we used two different epithelial cell lines (308 mouse keratinocytes and hct116 colon carcinoma cells) to determine the effect of apigenin on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade. apigenin induced a dose-dependent phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (erk) and p38 kinase but had little effect on the phosphorylation of c-jun amino terminal kinase (j ... | 2003 | 14608117 |
| signaling cross-talk from gbeta4 subunit to elk-1 in the rapid action of androgens. | androgens act on transcription via intracellular androgen receptors (ars), but they also have rapid ar-independent effects. we have identified the multistep processes involved in the rapid actions of androgens in male osteoblasts, which also possess the classical ar. incubating cells with 5alpha-dihydroxytestosterone (100 pm, dht) rapidly increased (1 min) the phosphorylation of the transcription factor elk-1, and this was inhibited by pertussis toxin (ptx). dht activated erk1/2, a substrate of ... | 2004 | 14602719 |
| bovine tuberculosis in elk (cervus elaphus manitobensis) near riding mountain national park, manitoba, from 1992 to 2002. | 2003 | 14601681 | |
| efficacy trial of an irradiated cattle lungworm vaccine in red deer (cervus elaphus). | lungworm (dictyocaulus sp.) is the parasite of most concern to the new zealand deer industry. although lungworm can be controlled by anthelmintics there is an increasing concern over excessive drenching programmes and reliance on chemicals for parasite control. a live irradiated larval vaccine developed for cattle has been available in europe for the past 40 years but has never been evaluated in red deer in new zealand. four groups of red deer and two of cattle were hand reared from birth in par ... | 2003 | 14597286 |
| cellular effects of small molecule ptp1b inhibitors on insulin signaling. | protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b) is implicated as a negative regulator of insulin receptor (ir) signaling and a potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other associated metabolic syndromes. to further define the role of ptp1b in insulin signaling and to test the hypothesis that blocking the activity of ptp1b would augment the action of insulin, we prepared several cell permeable, potent and selective, small molecule ptp1b inhibitors, and evaluated their biological e ... | 2003 | 14596593 |
| transient expression of e1a and ras oncogenes causes downregulation of c-fos gene transcription in nontransformed ref52 cells. | stable transformation of rat embryo fibroblast (ref) cells with e1a and cha-ras oncogenes leads to downmodulation of c-fos gene transcription. this repression is provided in part by the association of elk-1 transcription factor with histone deacetylases mediated through effects of ras on map-kinase cascades. here, we focus on the primary effects of e1a and ras displayed in transient transfection assay on the transactivating capability of elk-1, which is a key transcription factor of c-fos gene r ... | 2003 | 14576829 |
| inter-species comparisons of hepatic cytochrome p450 enzyme levels in male ruminants. | our current knowledge about the biotransformation enzymes in wild ruminants is limited. the present study aimed to compare basic levels and specific activities of cytochrome p450 isoforms (cyp1a, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 3a, 4a) in males of red deer ( cervus elaphus), fallow deer ( dama dama), roe deer ( capreolus capreolus) and mouflon ( ovis musimon). the proteins from the major cytochrome p450 (cyp) subfamilies were detected in all ruminant species by western blotting, using polyclonal antibodies ... | 2003 | 14574442 |
| meningeal worm in a reintroduced elk population in kentucky. | meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) has been implicated in the failure of several elk (cervus elaphus) restoration attempts in the eastern united states. however, limited post-release monitoring and a paucity of published literature prevents a clear understanding of this parasite's role in past failures. during winters of 1997-2001, the kentucky department of fish and wildlife resources translocated 1,044 elk from western states to eastern kentucky (usa) in an effort to restore a free-ra ... | 2003 | 14567220 |
| social rank, feeding and winter weight loss in red deer: any evidence of interference competition? | during winter at northern latitudes, large herbivores often exploit patches of concentrated, relatively high quality forage, which may lead to interference competition. the factors affecting success in contests and subsequent dominance rank, such as age and body weight, remain key issues in ungulate behavioural ecology. maternal effects on offspring body weight are well known, but few studies have investigated if mother's social rank influence offspring rank. moreover, no study has related domin ... | 2004 | 14564502 |
| length polymorphism of pcr-amplified genomic fragments of the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (pag) gene family in the pig and some other domestic and wild mammals. | porcine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein genes (ppag) are known as a multigene family, in which five members have been cloned and sequences of their cdnas identified. porcine pag1 and ppag3 genes, belonging to the ppag1-like subfamily, both encode enzymatically inactive precursors. in contrast, cdnas of ppag2, ppag4 and ppag6 represent the ppag2-like gene subfamily, encoding enzymatically active precursors. the objective of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of both ppag-like gene s ... | 2001 | 14564040 |
| genetic diversity in european red deer (cervus elaphus l.): anthropogenic influences on natural populations. | allozyme, microsatellite and mtdna (rflp and sequence) data of european red deer populations were examined as to their capability of indicating anthropogenic influences such as the keeping of animals in enclosures, selective hunting for trophies translocation of specimens to improve trophy quality and habitat fragmentation. deer in enclosures revealed considerable deviations of allele frequencies from isolation-by-distance expectations but no remarkable loss of genetic diversity. particular allo ... | 2003 | 14558447 |
| babesia odocoilei infection in elk. | two male north american elk from a commercial herd were evaluated because of a sudden onset of lethargy, anorexia, and voiding of red urine. these 2 elk were kept in the same pen as 4 other male elk that had died during the preceding 2 months. laboratory analyses revealed anemia and intraerythrocytic parasites, later confirmed as babesia odocoilei (a protozoal hemoparasite of cervids). of the 240 elk remaining in the herd, 59 were screened for b odocoilei by microscopic evaluation of blood smear ... | 2003 | 14552494 |
| identification and characterization of ebp, a novel een binding protein that inhibits ras signaling and is recruited into the nucleus by the mll-een fusion protein. | the chimeric mll-een fusion protein is created as a result of chromosomal translocation t(11;19)(q23;p13). een, an src homology 3 (sh3) domain-containing protein in the endophilin family, has been implicated in endocytosis, although little is known about its role in leukemogenesis mediated by the mll-een fusion protein. in this study, we have identified and characterized ebp, a novel een binding protein that interacts with the sh3 domain of een through a proline-rich motif pperp. ebp is a ubiqui ... | 2004 | 14551139 |
| the concerted signaling of erk1/2 and jnks is essential for pc12 cell neuritogenesis and converges at the level of target proteins. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways are central signaling elements, which translate and integrate stimuli from cell surface receptors into cytoplasmic and transcriptional responses. here, we systematically compare the role of mapks in the nerve growth factor-induced long-term differentiation of pc12 cells and show the persistent nuclear and dose-dependent cytoplasmic activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2) and the increasing nuclear and cytoplasmic acti ... | 2003 | 14550783 |
| other animal prion diseases. | in addition to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) of cattle and scrapie of sheep and goats, a few other animal prion diseases have been reported. these include feline spongiform encephalopathy of zoological and domestic cats (fse) and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) of zoological ruminants and non-human primates, as well as chronic wasting disease of deer and elk (cwd) and transmissible mink encephalopathy of farmed mink (tme). the origins of tse in cats, zoo bovids, and non-hu ... | 2003 | 14522860 |
| sublytic terminal complement attack induces c-fos transcriptional activation in myotubes. | sublytic c5b-9 alters the molecular phenotype of myotubes by inhibiting muscle-specific gene expression. here, we showed that c5b-9 induced c-fos mrna and transcription. using c-fos promoter-cat constructs and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa), the minimal c-fos promoter activity was shown to increase within 30-min exposure to serum c5b-9, which also induced the binding of serum response factor (srf), along with ternary complex factor (tcf) elk1 and sap1a to the serum response element. ... | 2003 | 14512164 |
| fractions of the semen of red deer (cervus elaphus)--their occurrence and characteristics in different periods of season. | during a complete season 145 ejaculates were collected from 4 red deer stags (cervus elaphus) using a modified artificial vagina. differences found in characteristics of ejaculates allowed to identify four different types of ejaculates: pre-mating, mating, transitory, and post-mating ejaculate. these types of ejaculates occurred exclusively during corresponding periods of the season in the sequence mentioned above. three fractions of ejaculates were identified: grey, white, and yellow. pre- and ... | 2003 | 14510054 |
| activation domain-mediator interactions promote transcription preinitiation complex assembly on promoter dna. | the interaction of activators with mediator has been proposed to stimulate the assembly of rna polymerase ii (pol ii) preinitiation complexes, but there have been few tests of this model. the finding that the major adenovirus e1a and mitogen-activated protein kinase-phosphorylated elk1 activation domains bind to sur2 uniquely among the metazoan mediator subunits and the development of transcriptionally active nuclear extracts from wt and sur2-/- embryonic stem cells, reported here, allowed a dir ... | 2003 | 14506297 |
| ribosomal rna analysis of babesia odocoilei isolates from farmed reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) in wisconsin. | piroplasms isolated from a farmed reindeer and elk in wisconsin were determined to be babesia odocoilei, based on morphology and ribosomal rna (rrna) analysis. different clinical manifestations were observed in the two host species. the reindeer was parasitemic and exhibited acute babesiosis resulting in death, while the elk showed no parasites in blood smears and no overt clinical signs of babesiosis. b. odocoilei was, however, readily cultured from elk erythrocytes. small subunit rrna gene seq ... | 2003 | 14505046 |
| sumo and transcriptional repression: dynamic interactions between the map kinase and sumo pathways. | sumo modification of proteins is being increasingly linked with transcriptional repression. we recently demonstrated that sumo modification also downregulates the transcriptional activity of the ets-domain transcription factor elk-1. however, as elk-1 becomes activated through map kinase-mediated phosphorylation, the sumo modification is lost, providing an elegant molecular switch that promotes the loss of repressive activities at the same time as permitting the recruitment of coactivator protei ... | 2003 | 14504467 |
| serum beta-globulin types in red deer and other species and their stability in the presence of bacteria. | 1961 | 14466943 | |
| [icsh determinations in the hypophysis of roe-deers (capreolus capreolus) and stags (cervus elaphus) with regard to the seasonal influence]. | 1965 | 14288877 | |
| anataxic condition in red deer (cervus elaphus). | 1964 | 14212112 | |
| trichostrongylus askivali n. sp. (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) from the red deer. | 1964 | 14161235 | |
| [eimeria schoenbuchi n. sp. from the red deer (cervus elaphus l.)]. | 1963 | 14083694 | |
| [on the nerve supply of the anterior extremity of the red deer (cervus elaphus l)]. | 1962 | 13953478 | |
| atempts to transfer psoroptic mites from elk to cattle and sheep. | 1962 | 13906610 | |
| studies on blood and serum groups in the elk (alces alces). | 1962 | 13872371 | |
| a study of anaplasmosis in elk. | 1961 | 13737403 | |
| [new data on the biology of the larvae of pharyngomyia picta meig. (diptera:oestridae), cervus elaphus l. parasite]. | 1960 | 13724487 | |
| [pendant-like, paired thigh appendages in a red deer (cervus elaphus hipelaphus)]. | 1961 | 13715110 | |
| [filariinae stiles, 1907 in the subcutaneous tissue of deer cervus elaphus l. in poland and czechoslovakia and its taxonomical position]. | 1958 | 13604246 | |
| necrotizing phalangeal arthritis in hoofed animals with radiographs of extinct irish elk. | 1958 | 13549320 | |
| [chromatographic determination of free amino acids in blood serum in deer cervus elaphus l]. | 1957 | 13532888 | |
| [morphological and chemical investigation of the blood in deer cervus elaphus l]. | 1957 | 13532826 | |
| [attempted determination of the rate of passage of gastrointestinal contents in wild ruminating animals; cervus elaphus l., dama dama l. and lama glama l]. | 1957 | 13532794 | |
| [studies on physiology of digestion in deer cervus elaphus l]. | 1957 | 13532793 | |
| subspecies and body size allometry affect milk production and composition, and calf growth in red deer: comparison of cervus elaphus hispanicus and cervus elaphus scoticus. | studies comparing lactation in wild mammals have shown that maternal weight scales with offspring weight, milk production, or its energy. however, no study appears to have scaled milk composition with maternal or offspring weight. although diet affects milk composition and production, their effects in biological studies have almost never seemed to be controlled. in this study, we compare two subspecies of red deer, scottish deer, cervus elaphus scoticus (10 lactations), and iberian deer, cervus ... | 2003 | 13130438 |
| high mobility group 1 b-box mediates activation of human endothelium. | severe sepsis and septic shock is a consequence of a generalized inflammatory systemic response because of an invasive infection that may result in acute organ dysfunction. mortality is high despite access to modern intensive care units. the nuclear dna binding protein high mobility group 1 (hmgb1) protein has recently been suggested to act as a late mediator of septic shock via its function as a macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine (j exp med 2000; 192: 565, science1999; 285: 248). we i ... | 2003 | 12974876 |
| intersectin activates ras but stimulates transcription through an independent pathway involving jnk. | intersectin (itsn) is a molecular scaffold involved in regulating endocytosis and mitogenic signaling. we previously demonstrated that itsn transformed rodent fibroblasts, accelerated hormone-induced maturation of xenopus oocytes, and activated the elk-1 transcription factor through an mek- and erk-independent mechanism. we now demonstrate that itsn complexes with the ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor sos1 leading to increased rasgtp levels. using fluorescence resonant energy transfer analy ... | 2003 | 12970366 |
| nocturnal hypometabolism as an overwintering strategy of red deer (cervus elaphus). | herbivores of temperate and arctic zones are confronted during winter with harsh climatic conditions and nutritional shortness. it is still not fully understood how large ungulates cope with this twofold challenge. we found that red deer, similar to many other northern ungulates, show large seasonal fluctuations of metabolic rate, as indicated by heart rate, with a 60% reduction at the winter nadir compared with the summer peak. a previously unknown mechanism of energy conservation, i.e., noctur ... | 2004 | 12969877 |
| culling of wild red deer. | 2003 | 12967152 | |
| head dimensions of cryopreserved red deer spermatozoa are affected by thawing procedure. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the thawing procedure on red deer spermatozoa distribution in morphologically distinct subpopulations after freezing and thawing. for this purpose, epididymal spermatozoa were thawed using two different thawing protocols (i = 37 degree celsius for 20 s vs. ii = 70 degree celsius for 5 s). the spermatozoa, from 10 iberian deer stags, were diluted at room temperature in a triladyl-20 percent egg yolk medium and frozen in nitrogen vapor. st ... | 2003 | 12955173 |
| a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia encodes a nuclear tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein dynamically regulated in brain. | approximately 3-10% of people have specific difficulties in reading, despite adequate intelligence, education, and social environment. we report here the characterization of a gene, dyx1c1 near the dyx1 locus in chromosome 15q21, that is disrupted by a translocation t(2;15)(q11;q21) segregating coincidentally with dyslexia. two sequence changes in dyx1c1, one involving the translation initiation sequence and an elk-1 transcription factor binding site (-3g --> a) and a codon (1249g --> t), introd ... | 2003 | 12954984 |
| effects of thawing procedure on postthawed in vitro viability and in vivo fertility of red deer epididymal spermatozoa cryopreserved at -196 degrees c. | in this study, we have determined the effects of individual factor and thawing procedure on in vitro viability and in vivo fertility of frozen-thawed red deer epididymal spermatozoa. the spermatozoa that were collected from 13 iberian deer stags were diluted at room temperature in a triladyl-20% egg yolk medium and frozen in nitrogen vapors. in the first experimental series, sperm samples were collected from 10 mature stags. for thawing, the frozen straws were subjected to 3 different procedures ... | 2003 | 12954668 |
| phylogeny of dictyocaulus (lungworms) from eight species of ruminants based on analyses of ribosomal rna data. | in this study, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of nematode parasites within the genus dictyocaulus (superfamily trichostrongyloidea). lungworms from cattle (bos taurus), domestic sheep (ovis aries), european fallow deer (dama dama), moose (alces alces), musk ox (ovibos moschatus), red deer (cervus elaphus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) were obtained and their small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) sequences analysed. in th ... | 2003 | 12954019 |
| beta1-integrin-ligand disengagement induces in vitro capillary tube disruption mediated by p38 mapk activity. | disrupting cell-matrix interactions may lead to capillary injury as seen in sepsis and transplant rejection. previously, we demonstrated capillary disruption mediated by beta1-integrin-ligand disengagement. we now determine whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) pathways are involved in this capillary injury. | 2003 | 12947314 |
| akt negatively regulates translation of the ternary complex factor elk-1. | cross-talk between signaling pathways plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, survival, and death. here, we show that akt regulates the elk-1 transcription factor, independent of its negative regulation of raf kinases. using a constitutively active mek1 to bypass the regulation of raf by akt, we find that the elk-1 and sap1a proteins are dramatically decreased in the presence of activated akt. akt catalytic activity is required. also, mek-dependent activation of a ... | 2003 | 12944902 |
| [unknown hepatoid glands of some species of cats and deer]. | our histological description of the fourth type of mammalian skin glands--hepatiod glands--allowed us to revise the obtained and published data mistaking the alveolar glands of the anal sacs in cats and the limb glands in deers as sebaceous. large clusters of hepatiod glands were discovered in the anal sacs of the cat, lynx, and tiger, interdigital gland of elk, and the tarsal gland of reindeer. these glands secrete considerable amounts of protein to the clearance of the intercellular canaliculi ... | 2003 | 12942753 |
| chronic wasting disease in deer and elk: scientific facts and findings. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease of cervids such as deer and elk in north america. unlike other transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) such as scrapie, cwd occurs in both captive and wild ranging animals, but not in domestic ruminants such as sheep and cattle. in this paper, the history of the disease, pathogenesis of cwd, susceptibility of animals, its transmission mechanisms, potential origins of the disease, diagnostic methods in the field and laboratory tests, surveill ... | 2003 | 12939501 |
| activation of the erk and jnk signaling pathways caused by neuron-specific inhibition of pp2a in transgenic mice. | a reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) has been shown in brains of patients with alzheimer's disease (ad), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized histopathologically by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. tau, as the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles, can be hyperphosphorylated by a reduced activity of pp2a in vitro and by pharmacological approaches, suggesting a crucial role of pp2a in tangle formation. to dissect the role of pp2a in vivo, we previously ge ... | 2003 | 12937125 |
| an abbreviated procedure for the cloning and identification of ets transcription factors regulating the expression of the human presenilin 1 gene. | we have previously defined a crucial dna element controlling 90% of the expression of the presenilin 1 gene at (-35 to +6). this region contains an ets transcription factor binding motif, and a two-basepair alteration within the core sequence (ggaa to ttaa) of the ets consensus also reduced transcription by over 90%. we have shown that ets1/2 transcription factors bind specifically to the -10 ets element and activate ps1 transcription. the identification of other transcription factors recognizin ... | 2003 | 12928043 |
| field validation and assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting chronic wasting disease in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | tissue samples (n = 25,050 total) from 23,256 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) collected statewide in colorado were examined for chronic wasting disease (cwd) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed by bio-rad laboratories, inc. (brelisa), in a 2-phase study. in the validation phase of this study, a total of 4,175 retropharyngeal lymph nodes (rln) or obex (ob) tissue samples were examined ind ... | 2003 | 12918810 |
| a novel function of goalpha: mediation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation by opioid receptors in neural cells. | go is the most abundant g protein expressed in brain but its function is less known. here we show a novel function of goalpha as a mediator of opioid receptor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in neural cells. the current study found that, in neuroblastoma x glioma ng108-15 hybrid cells, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through delta opioid receptors was mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive g protein and independent of gbetagamma subunits, pi3 kinase an ... | 2003 | 12911629 |
| lawsonia intracellularis in wild mammals in the slovak carpathians. | feces of wild mammals were collected in the bukovské vrchy hills (north-eastern slovakia) in january and february 2002. the feces were examined for lawsonia intracellularis by means of nested polymerase chain reaction. a total of 194 samples of feces from red deer (cervus elaphus), 46 samples from roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 31 samples from red fox (vulpes vulpes), 23 samples from gray wolf (canis lupus), and 12 samples from brown hare (lepus europaeus) were examined. lawsonia intracellulari ... | 2003 | 12910769 |
| testing for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in asymptomatic free-ranging tule elk from an infected herd. | forty-five adult tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) in good physical condition were translocated from a population located at point reyes national seashore, marin county (california, usa), to a holding pen 6 mo prior to release in an unfenced region of the park. because infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) had been reported in the source population, the translocated elk underwent extensive ante-mortem testing using three johne's disease assays: enzyme linked immunoso ... | 2003 | 12910759 |
| validation of a brucella abortus competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for use in rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | brucellosis caused by infection with brucella abortus is present in some elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) of the greater yellowstone area (parts of wyoming, montana, and idaho, usa). since 1985, the wyoming game and fish department has vaccinated elk on elk feedgrounds in northwestern wyoming during the winter months using b. abortus strain 19 (strain 19). analysis of this vaccination program is hampered by the inability of standard serologic tests to differentiate between strain 19 vaccinated elk a ... | 2003 | 12910758 |
| regulation of tcf ets-domain transcription factors by helix-loop-helix motifs. | dna binding by the ternary complex factor (tcf) subfamily of ets-domain transcription factors is tightly regulated by intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. the helix-loop-helix (hlh)-containing id proteins are trans-acting negative regulators of dna binding by the tcfs. in the tcf, sap-2/net/erp, intramolecular inhibition of dna binding is promoted by the cis-acting nid region that also contains an hlh-like motif. the nid also acts as a transcriptional repression domain. here, we have ... | 2003 | 12907712 |
| synchronous activation of erk and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways is required for collagen and extracellular matrix production in keloids. | keloid fibroproliferation appears to be influenced by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between keloid keratinocytes (kks) and keloid fibroblasts (kfs). keloid and normal fibroblasts exhibit accelerated proliferation and collagen i and iii production in co-culture with kks compared with single cell culture or co-culture with normal keratinocytes. erk and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) pathway activation has been observed in excessively proliferating kfs in co-culture with kks. we hypothe ... | 2003 | 12907681 |
| elk-3 is a transcriptional repressor of nitric-oxide synthase 2. | the inducible isoform of nitric-oxide synthase (nos2), a key enzyme catalyzing the dramatic increase in nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide (lps), plays an important role in the pathophysiology of endotoxemia and sepsis. recent evidence suggests that ets transcription factors may contribute to nos2 induction by inflammatory stimuli. in this study, we investigated the role of ets transcription factors in the regulation of nos2 by lps and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta 1. transient transfect ... | 2003 | 12896968 |
| culling of wild red deer. | 2003 | 12892273 | |
| distribution and functional properties of human kcnh8 (elk1) potassium channels. | the elk subfamily of the eag k+ channel gene family is represented in mammals by three genes that are highly conserved between humans and rodents. here we report the distribution and functional properties of a member of the human elk k+ channel gene family, kcnh8. quantitative rt-pcr analysis of mrna expression patterns showed that kcnh8, along with the other elk family genes, kcnh3 and kcnh4, are primarily expressed in the human nervous system. kcnh8 was expressed at high levels, and the distri ... | 2003 | 12890647 |
| inhibition of erbb-2 and erbb-3 expression by quercetin prevents transforming growth factor alpha (tgf-alpha)- and epidermal growth factor (egf)-induced human pc-3 prostate cancer cell proliferation. | because erbb-2 receptor is involved in hormone-independency for growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells, the aim was to investigate the effects of quercetin on erbb-2 and erbb-3 expression and its critical components such as map kinase and pi-3 kinase. hemocytometric counts and [3h]-thymidine incorporation were used to determine the effects of quercetin, egf and tgf-alpha on cell proliferation and dna synthesis in pc-3 and lncap cells. changes in erbb-2, erbb-3 and components of mapk and ... | 2003 | 12888923 |
| dynamic interplay of the sumo and erk pathways in regulating elk-1 transcriptional activity. | the ets domain transcription factor elk-1 is a direct target of the map kinase pathways. phosphorylation of the elk-1 transcriptional activation domain by map kinases triggers its activation. however, elk-1 also contains two domains with repressive activities. one of these, the r motif, appears to function by suppressing the activity of the activation domain. here, we demonstrate that sumo modification of the r motif is required for this repressive activity. a dynamic interplay exists between th ... | 2003 | 12887893 |
| characteristics of the oestrous cycle of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) assessed by progesterone profiles. | this study examines the length of the oestrous cycle in 16 iberian red deer females assessed by means of changes in progesterone concentrations, along with the changes in the profile of this hormone. samples were collected three occasions per week from the week after calving (15 may to 15 june) up to may of the following year. the oestrous cycle lasted 19.57+/-0.29 days (range 10-27 d) calculated in 130 oestrous cycles examined. progesterone titres did not rise above 0.5 ng/ml in the follicular ... | 2003 | 12884276 |
| high affinity for farnesyltransferase and alternative prenylation contribute individually to k-ras4b resistance to farnesyltransferase inhibitors. | farnesyltransferase inhibitors (ftis) block ras farnesylation, subcellular localization and activity, and inhibit the growth of ras-transformed cells. although ftis are ineffective against k-ras4b, the ras isoform most commonly mutated in human cancers, they can inhibit the growth of tumors containing oncogenic k-ras4b, implicating other farnesylated proteins or suggesting distinct functions for farnesylated and for geranylgeranylated k-ras, which is generated when farnesyltransferase is inhibit ... | 2003 | 12882980 |
| migration inhibitory factor mediates angiogenesis via mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol kinase. | in this study, we investigated the effects of migration inhibitory factor (rhmif) on angiogenesis-related signaling cascades and apoptosis in human endothelial cells (ecs). we show that in vitro rhmif induces migration and tube formation in matrigel of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hmvecs), with potency comparable to that of basic fibroblast growth factor. in vivo, rhmif induces angiogenesis in matrigel plugs and in the corneal bioassay. using panels of relatively specific kinase ... | 2003 | 12881477 |