Publications

identification of a 17-kilodalton fasciola hepatica immunodiagnostic antigen by the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique.	sera obtained from human patients, calves, sheep, and rabbits infected with fasciola hepatica were tested by the falcon assay screening test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) techniques with fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory antigens in order to evaluate their immunodiagnostic potential. the study included sera from 13 patients infected with f. hepatica or a history suggesting fascioliasis, 5 patients infected and treated w ...	1988	3182993
schistosoma mansoni cationic egg antigens (cef6): immunoserology with oxamniquine-treated patients and involvement of cef6 in the circumoval precipitin reaction.	the serologic activity of a cationic fraction (denoted cef6) of schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen was compared in an elisa with that of the unpurified soluble egg antigen for the ability to detect human infections and for the prediction of chemotherapeutic success in patients followed up to 5 years post-treatment with oxamniquine. the cationic fraction correctly identified 100% of 20 patients as infected with s. mansoni; moreover, 50% (10 of 20) seroconverted to negative by 2 years post-tr ...	1988	3152779
trichinosis surveillance, united states, 1986.	trichinella spiralis is a parasite of carnivorous animals that causes the disease trichinosis. in the united states, people become infected by eating poorly cooked pork products or wild animal meat that is infected with the parasite. although fewer than 100 cases per year are reported to cdc, trichinosis continues to persist as a public health problem in this country. public health officials believe that the reported cases represent only a fraction of the total number of cases, since many of the ...	1988	3148105
genetic analysis of expulsion of adult trichinella spiralis in nfs, c3h/he, and b10.br mice.	the genetics of t. spiralis rejection from the intestine was examined in inbred mice belonging to three phenotypic categories of expulsion: strong (nfs), intermediate (c3h), and weak (b10.br). experiments used various worm doses to analyze the day of worm rejection, defined as the day at which 98% expulsion of the infectious dose occurred. the f1 of nfs (strong) x b10.br (weak) was a strong responder and the f1 of the cross c3h (intermediate) x b10.br (weak) was intermediate. analysis of time of ...	1988	3130272
a mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to an alpha-stichocyte of trichinella spiralis.	monoclonal antibodies were generated for the isolation of specific antigens from trichinella spiralis. a monoclonal antibody (ts32d12) of the igg1 class was selected according to its reactivity and specificity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent technique. the ts32d12 antibody was purified from ascites by fast protein liquid chromatography. the purified antibody showed a sensitive reaction to the t. spiralis antigen, but not to any other heterologous parasite antigens so f ...	1988	3129718
trichinella spiralis: b-cell suppression does not exacerbate disease in mice.		1987	3114468
production and properties of a mouse monoclonal ige antibody to schistosoma japonicum.	a monoclonal ige antibody was prepared by fusion of ns-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells of c3h/he mice immunized with an extract of adult worms of schistosoma japonicum (sj). the antibody was able to elicit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat skin against sj with the highest titer of 1/256,000 in an ascitic form but did not cross-react with any of antigens extracted from s. mansoni, fasciola hepatica, paragoniumus westermani, or trichinella spiralis. western blot analysis indicated that th ...	1987	3114384
trichinella spiralis: behavior, structure, and biochemistry of larvae following exposure to components of the host enteric environment.	four layers are present on the surface of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis isolated from host muscle in pepsin-hcl. trypsin treatment of pepsin-hcl isolated worms caused partial degradation and removal of large patches of the two outer surface layers. following exposure to bile, only traces of the outer layers remained on the worms surface. these changes in the worm surface were accompanied by a shift from type i behavior, typical of pepsin-hcl isolated larvae, to type ii behavior, (snak ...	1987	3106079
monoclonal igm/a hybrid antibodies: artifacts due to anti-idiotype (t15) antibodies in commercial anti-alpha sera.	a mouse hybridoma antibody, with specificity for trichinella spiralis, was found to react against both anti-mu and anti-alpha sera obtained from two to three commercial sources. it also had a unique electrophoretic mobility, bound to staphylococcal protein a, and was comprised of a single type of heavy chain (mu-like) and light chain (kappa). however, northern blot analysis of rna extracted from the corresponding hybridoma cells revealed only mu but no alpha message. subsequent studies on the pr ...	1986	3099181
immunoglobulin class specific responses to biochemically defined antigens of trichinella spiralis.	a comparison of the humoral response to resistant (nih) and susceptible (c3h) strains of mice, which reject adult worms at different rates during a primary infection, was made following infection with trichinella spiralis. the serum concentration of immunoglobulins of the heavy chain classes igm, igg1, igg2, igg3 and iga were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. antibodies of the same immunoglobulin isotypes to biochemically defined, stage specific surface and secreted components of thre ...	1986	3092169
genetic control of immunity to trichinella spiralis in mice. response of rapid- and slow-responder strains to immunization with parasite antigens.	slow-responder c57bl/10 (b10) mice responded poorly to immunization with muscle larval antigen of trichinella spiralis showing no accelerated loss of worms from a subsequent challenge infection. in contrast, rapid-responder nih mice and (b10 x nih) f1 mice developed high levels of immunity after immunization. lymphocyte proliferation studies showed that immunized b10 mice did respond to in vitro restimulation with antigen, though less well than nih mice. failure of b10 mice to respond to immuniz ...	1986	3085052
effects of iron deficiency on viability of trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro.	the importance of iron for survival of trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro was examined. it was found that iron-deficient media drastically reduce the survival of this larva. also, molting of the larvae was observed in the control media but not in the iron-deficient media.	1986	3083574
granule proteinases define mast cell heterogeneity in the serosa and the gastrointestinal mucosa of the mouse.	in order to define further mast cell heterogeneity in the mouse, affinity-purified antibodies against a 28,000 mw serine proteinase from mouse intestinal mast cells (imcp) and against rat mast cell proteinase i (rmcpi) were used to characterize mast cell cytoplasmic granules immunohistochemically. on western blot, anti-imcp cross-reacted with rmcpi and with a 25,000 mw antigen from isolated mouse serosal mast cells (smc). anti-rmcpi did not react with imcp, although it identified the same 25,000 ...	1988	3065218
cryopreservation of parasites.	in this review, advances in cryopreservation of helminth parasites are reported. our own studies demonstrate that metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis can be maintained in a viable state for at least 1-2 years by appropriate deep-freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. infective larvae of the nematode toxocara canis cryopreserved for 1 week in liquid nitrogen were maintained after thawing in vitro in a chemically defined medium for 35 weeks. although motility of previously deep-frozen la ...	1988	3053232
a comparison of immunological methods for the detection of trichinella spiralis antigen.	eight immunological methods all using the same monoclonal antibody reagent were compared for the detection of trichinella spiralis antigen. these were based on: (1) the direct adsorption of the antigen to the immunoadsorbent (nitrocellulose membrane, polyvinyl chloride strip or microplate); (2) capture of the antigen by antibodies pre-sensitized on the immunoadsorbent; and (3) latex agglutination. the methods found suitable were: (a) capture radioimmunoassay (capture-ria) (sensitivity: less than ...	1988	3049823
release of leukotrienes during rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis from immune rats.	rapid expulsion of the nematode trichinella spiralis from immune rats is associated with an increase in volume of intestinal exudate and the presence of large numbers of tissue mucosal mast cells (mmc) and eosinophils. we have measured the concentrations of leukotrienes (lt) c4 (ltc4) and b4 (ltb4) in gut perfusates and mucosal homogenates at 30 min, 1, 3, 6 and 20 hr after challenge with larvae. leukotrienes were identified by radioimmunoassay (ria) combined with reverse-phase high-pressure liq ...	1987	3032780
strain-specific 1.7 kilobase repetitive deoxyribonucleic acid sequence family in trichinella spiralis.	eco ri digestion of bulk dna from trichinella spiralis p1, an isolate from domestic pig, reveals the presence of families of repetitive sequences. one of the most prominent of these has a monomer size of 1.7 kb, which exists in minimally dispersed direct tandem arrays, with a copy number of about 2800, and represents 2% of the genome. although there is evidence that the eco ri site is missing in some of the family members and that a 1.9 kb variant of the sequence also occurs, the family is highl ...	1986	3027555
experimental eosinophilia and inflammation--the effect of various inflammatory mediators and chemoattractants.	an experimental subcutaneous inflammation was produced in guinea pigs with peripheral blood eosinophilia. the eosinophilia resulted from two subsequent infections with trichinella spiralis larvae. one group of guinea pigs served as non-infected control. inflammation was induced by carrageenan, bradykinin, histamine, platelet activating factor and eosinophilotactic factors of lymphocytic or neutrophilic origin. whereas in the control group no eosinophil granulocytic response was observed, this re ...	1986	3013671
[inhibition of plasmodium berghei in rats infested with strongyloides ratti or trichinella spiralis; role of high blood corticosterone in reaction to the development of helminths].	the plasma corticosterone induced in the rat by the development of strongyloides ratti or trichinella spiralis reaches a sufficient level of intensity to determine reticulocytopenia. the latter is linked chronologically to the inhibition of parasitemia in plasmodium berghei, which occurs when this protozoa develops at the same time as the nematodes, and seems to be the causal factor. this hypothesis may be verified by replacing the helminths with the corticotropic action of a.c.t.h. which causes ...	1985	3002223
the dynamics of eosinophilia in concurrent infections with trichinella spiralis owen, 1835 and toxascaris leonina linstow, 1909.	the concurrent infection with larvae of trichinella spiralis and eggs of toxascaris leonina was studied under various conditions using 75 male white mice. the changes in content of eosinophilic leucocytes in the blood, as well as the total number and distribution of larvae of both parasites in different body tissues were demonstrated. the primary infection with toxascaris leonina caused an increase in the number of eosinophilic leucocytes from day 4 p.i., whereas the infection with trichinella s ...	1988	2976725
immunogenetic analysis of trichinella spiralis infections in swine.	the immune responses of outbred swine, inoculated with several different low doses of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ml), was followed over 5-6 weeks of primary infection, in order to determine an inoculation dose which could be used to identify genetic controls on the response to this helminth parasite. reproducible infections were established when swine were inoculated with 100-300 ml. humoral antibody responses to different larval stages were evident at 4 weeks using enzyme-linked immuno ...	1988	2974214
purification, characterization, and immunochemical studies of beta-n-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase from the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis.	the exoglycosidase, beta-n-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase was purified 600-fold from the muscle-stage larvae (l1) of trichinella spiralis. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), the purified enzyme-active fraction contained 4 polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 100,000, 68,000, 58,000 and 54,000. the beta-n-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase corresponds to the mr 100,000 polypeptide as demonstrated by sds-page analysis of the enzyme-stained region isolated from a non- ...	1988	2972930
the surfaces of the parasitic nematodes trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis differ in the binding of post-c3 components of human complement by the alternative pathway.	the binding of human complement components c3, c5 and c9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasites toxocara canis and trichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. this showed that although c3 bound to both nematodes, they differed markedly in the binding of c5 and c9; c5 bound only minimally to t. spiralis, and c9 binding to this parasite was barely detectable. in contrast, both early and ...	1988	2971916
effect of vitamins on trichinella spiralis owen, 1835 infection in mice.	the effects of vitamins a, b complex, e, and ade on the body weight, eosinophilia, intensity of infection and distribution of t. spiralis larvae were studied in mice. the greatest loss of weight followed after the application of vitamins b complex and e. an increased eosinophilia appeared in the majority of infected mice since day 7 p.i., reaching the maximum on day 21 p.i. in mice receiving vitamins b complex, a, and ade, the increased eosinophilia was observed still on day 60 p.i. the highest ...	1988	2971599
the effects of host sex and sex hormones on trichinella spiralis owen, 1835 and t. pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972 in the mouse.	the intensity of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infections and effects of sex hormones, oestrogen (agofollin) and testosterone (agovirin), were studied in spf icr mice with respect to different sexes of the host. males were found to be more sensitive to t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infections than the females. the number of larvae in the infected mice decreased after the application of the female sex hormone oestrogen to males and male sex hormone testosterone to females.	1988	2971003
cryopreservation of dictyocaulus viviparus third-stage larvae and trichinella spiralis muscle larvae.	in cryopreservation studies with third-stage larvae of dictyocaulus viviparus, best results were achieved by incubating larvae in 0.05% naocl at 37 degrees c to remove the sheath, followed by cooling at a rate of 1 degree c min per min down to about 0 degree c. after an equilibration time of 10 min at +4 degrees c with or without 4% polyethylene glycol-400 as cryoprotectant, samples were frozen at the same cooling rate to an intermediate temperature of -20 degrees c, maintained at this temperatu ...	1987	2956605
characterization of a cell population in thoracic duct lymph that adoptively transfers rejection of adult trichinella spiralis to normal rats.	in trichinella spiralis-infected rats, a population of cells in thoracic duct lymph (tdl) that can adoptively transfer protection to naive rats was identified and characterized. during the course of t. spiralis infection, blast cells appeared in lymph from day 3-4, and only day 3-4 tdl cells had protective properties after transfer. protection was evident in a 1-2-day increase in the slow rejection of adult worms beginning 8-9 days after the challenge infection. the minimum number of tdl cells c ...	1987	2954900
[bioenergy metabolism in larvae of trichinella spiralis spiralis and trichinella spiralis pseudospiralis].		1985	2933879
simulation of parasite-induced gut hypersensitivity: implications for vaccination.	antigenic challenge of jejunum from rats infected with trichinella spiralis evokes a biphasic pattern of epithelial cl- secretion, as measured in vitro by electrophysiological methods. peaks of secretion occur at approximately 1.5 and approximately 5.0 min post-challenge. challenge of jejunum from hosts passively immunized with serum containing anti-trichinella anaphylactic antibody evokes the late phase but not the early phase of cl- secretion. since the early phase is mediated by 5-hydroxytryp ...	1989	2925227
a two-particle turbidometric latex immunoassay for the detection of specific igm antibodies.	a simple two stage assay using latex particles as a reaction indicator has been developed for the detection of igm antibodies to trichinella spiralis. in the first stage, magnetic polystyrene beads (dynabeads) coated with t. spiralis antigen were incubated for 30 min with the test serum. after washing, in the second stage, the assay was developed for 1 h using anti-mu-coated latex particles. after sedimentation of the dynabeads the turbidity of the resultant latex suspension was measured spectro ...	1989	2921530
effects of rat and human intestinal lamina propria cells on viability and muscle establishment of trichinella spiralis newborn larvae.	although eosinophils and other inflammatory cells from the circulation and peritoneal cavity can damage trichinella spiralis newborn larvae (nbl) in vitro, the cytotoxic potential of cells from the intestinal lamina propria, a site that may be the first line of defense against nbl migration, is unknown. accordingly, we examined the interaction between nbl and isolated intestinal lamina propria cells (ilpc), including an enriched eosinophil population, from rats and humans. rat ilpc killed nbl in ...	1989	2918432
trichinella spiralis: the fate of the accessory layer of the cuticle of infective larvae.		1989	2917626
destruction of trichinella spiralis spiralis during the preparation of the "dry cured" pork products proscuitto, proscuittini and genoa salami.	genoa salami, proscuittini and proscuitto were prepared from pork carcasses that were heavily infected experimentally with trichinella spiralis spiralis. genoa salami was prepared with salt concentrations of 2.0%, 2.75% and 3.3%. proscuitto was prepared by two procedures approved by agriculture canada. at various times postpreparation, samples of the various cured products were taken and examined by pepsin digestion and rat bioassay for the presence of viable trichinae. water activity and ph of ...	1989	2914229
experimental trichinosis in sheep.	trichinella spiralis spiralis infections were established in sheep by administering infective larvae via gavage or feeding infected musculature. trichinella spiralis nativa infective larvae had a low infectivity for sheep although light infections may be established in some animals with large infective doses. for the most part, sheep were averse to ingesting musculature mixed in a grain ration unless it was camouflaged with molasses. the heaviest infections usually occurred in the masseter muscl ...	1989	2914220
trichinella spiralis: genetic evidence for synanthropic subspecies in sylvatic hosts.	isolates of the nematode genus trichinella from sylvatic hosts differ in their potential to reproduce in domestic swine. the structure of the genomic dna from 13 sylvatic isolates from north america and 5 pig isolates, 4 from north america and 1 from asia, was examined and correlated with the infectivity of the isolate for domestic pigs. dna restriction fragment length differences, identified by ethidium bromide staining and by hybridization with 32p-labeled ribosomal rna, served as molecular ma ...	1987	2888683
the effects of histamine and an antihistamine on trichinella spiralis and on trichinous enteritis in the host.		1985	2863228
stage-specific antigens of trichinella spiralis.		1985	2862082
a simple and reliable method for purification of trichinella spiralis larvae using percoll.		1988	2847376
[the level of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) positive cells in some organs of mice infected with trichinella spiralis].	the percentage of nbt-positive cells in peritoneal fluid, spleen and mesenteric lymph node of cwf mice infected orally with 200 trichinella spiralis larvae was investigated. the highest level of nbt-positive cells in peritoneal fluid was found on the 5-6th and 50-60th day post infection (p.i.), in spleen between the 30-75th and in mesenteric lymph node between the 50-75th day p.i. the lack of reaction between peritoneal fluid cells and newborn migrating larvae at the 15th and 20th day p.i. obser ...	1989	2815767
the effect of thymus factor x (tfx polfa) on trichinella spiralis muscle invasion in mice. parasitological and histological study.		1989	2815765
[the role of the muscle cell nucleus in the mechanism of its transformation after infection by trichinella spiralis larvae. ii. histochemical features of the functional transformation of the muscle cell nucleus in the course of infection].	the activation of muscle cell nucleus in the course of t. spiralis infection, established using morphological methods (part i), has been confirmed in histochemical (histones, rnp) and histoenzymatic (rn-aze) investigations. the activity of the cell nucleus increased from the 5th day after infection up to the complete encapsulation of the larva (30th day) however it remained at a weak stable level in later stages of infection.	1989	2815764
modulating effects by trichinella spiralis sensu stricto excretory/secretory antigens of human neutrophil functions.	many parasites are able to modify the host response through different mechanisms, for example host leukocyte function modification. since granulocytes represent the most important effector cells against trichinella spiralis, we evaluated the effects of supernatants of t. spiralis sensu stricto muscle larvae cultured for at least 18 hours (t. sup.) on some human neutrophil functions, i.e. chemotaxis, phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction. the cells from blood donors were tested in ...	1989	2815763
hypoglycaemia in experimental canine trichinellosis.	this paper studies changes in serum glucose levels in dogs experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis, and the histological causes of those changes. hypoglycaemia is evident in 100% of experimental animals, and can be attributable to three factors: the reduced absorptive capacity of the intestine due to lesions (catarrhal and desquamative enteritis), high glucose consumption by parasites, or histopathological changes in the liver (glycogenic degeneration).	1989	2815538
maternal to neonatal transmission of t-cell mediated immunity to trichinella spiralis during lactation.	the potential of maternally derived cellular factors to mediate immunity to trichinella spiralis in neonates during lactation was investigated in this study. female fi rats, infected with t. spiralis, were able to transfer immunity to their suckling offspring, evidenced by a significant reduction in the intestinal parasite burdens of their neonates. when challenged between 2 and 3 weeks of age with 200 t. spiralis larvae, pups suckling on immune mothers harboured 28% and 26% (at 3 and 8 days pos ...	1989	2807373
infectivity of trichinella isolates in mice is determined by host immune responsiveness.	a comparison was made of the development, survival and reproduction of 5 isolates of trichinella spiralis in inbred mice. low responder c57bl/10 mice allowed worms of all isolates to survive longer and reproduce more successfully than did high responder nih mice, suggesting that host immunity exerted a dominant influence upon infectivity. one isolate (is-5 (w) -an arctic isolate) had a markedly lower infectivity than all other isolates, and was selected for more detailed study, together with iso ...	1989	2797874
a mechanism for anti-asialo gm 1 antibody-induced anaphylactoid response in mice infected with trichinella pseudospiralis.	intravenous injection of anti-asialo gm 1 antibody into mice infected with trichinella pseudospiralis resulted in rapid acute illness or death accompanied by a dramatic rise in hematocrit values in these animals. the described antibody-induced changes were reversible by intravenous infusion of hanks' balanced salt solution (hbss). these effects were not seen in uninfected mice or in trichinella spiralis-infected mice injected with anti-asialo gm 1 antibody. viability of t. spiralis or t. pseudos ...	1989	2795381
genetic control of eosinophilia. analysis of production and response to eosinophil-differentiating factor in strains of mice infected with trichinella spiralis.	bone marrow cultures were established from mice undergoing parasitic eosinophilia after infection with trichinella spiralis. in the presence of eosinophil-differentiation factor (edf/il-5) eosinophil precursor cells differentiated and could be identified and counted after a 7-day in vitro culture period. the edf-bone marrow assay system was used to determine differences in bone marrow eosinophil precursor capacity between a number of inbred strains of mice. bone marrow cultures from high periphe ...	1989	2788537
il-2 production, il-2 receptor expression, and il-2 responsiveness of spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells from inbred mice infected with trichinella spiralis.	the in vitro production of il-2 and il-2r expression by lymphoid cells of inbred mice of strong (nfs), intermediate (c3h), or weak (b10.br) in phenotype of trichinella spiralis (ts) rejection was measured during a primary infection. maximum production of il-2 by spleen and mesenteric lymph node (mln) cells occurred at 5 days postinfection. cell depletion experiments demonstrated that lyt-1.2+ t cells were predominantly responsible for in vitro il-2 production. cells from strong-responder nfs mic ...	1989	2785138
a rapid method for detecting trichinella spiralis larvae in pork using a monoclonal antibody-latex conjugate.	a simple, non-microscopic method was developed for the direct detection of trichinella spiralis in pork. samples of meat were treated with pepsin for 2 h to liberate the larvae, and sonicates were made from the deposit and used in an antigen detection system. in this system, latex particles, sensitized with a parasite-specific monoclonal antibody, were utilized in a slide or tube agglutination test. the efficiencies of these immunological methods were compared with that of trichinelloscopy in th ...	1989	2781716
experimental and theoretical studies of anthelmintics: oxfendazole and its imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbamate isomer.	mice experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis were used to test the therapeutic effectiveness of an anthelmintic, methyl 6-(phenylsulfinyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbamate, against the immature and adult worms during the intestinal phase of infection. a single oral dose of 100 mg kg-1 of the drug on the third day after exposure to infection was totally ineffective against the adult worms as determined at necropsy on day 6. neither higher unit dosages of the drug, division of the daily ...	1989	2777458
protection against trichinella spiralis induced by purified stage-specific surface antigens of infective larvae.	the stage-specific surface antigens of the infective larvae of trichinella spiralis, isolated using an affinity column of monoclonal antibody (mab) nim-m1, consisted of four components with molecular weights of 72, 65, 52, and 47 kda, respectively. these four components may have unique as well as shared structural features and appear to be products of the stichosome. when injected i.p. as an emulsion in complete freund's adjuvant, the purified antigens induced protection against infection of bal ...	1989	2771924
characterization of the ribosomal dna from trichinella spiralis.	ribosomal dna (rdna) from three isolates of trichinella was cloned into phage and sublcloned into the plasmid pbr322. the basic repeat unit of rdna was variable in size, with the mapped clones ranging from 10-12 kb. there were differences in restriction sites within the genic region among the three isolates which were due to variations in the internal transcribed region (its) and the intergenic spacer (igs). three rsai sites were mapped to the igs repeat unit of the isolate af1, and one rsai sit ...	1989	2761574
lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo activation of complement in mice by infective trichinella spiralis larvae.	very little is known about the role played by complement in vivo during trichinella spiralis infections, although previous reports indicate that it binds readily to the surfaces of muscle stages of the parasite in vitro. in order to study the binding of complement to muscle-stage larvae in vivo, larvae were recovered from balb-c inbred, nfr/n inbred, and swiss white outbred mice from 20 to 95 days postinfection. the presence of c3 was examined by direct immunofluorescence and leucocyte- and eryt ...	1989	2760778
trichinosis in the canadian arctic: report of five outbreaks and a new clinical syndrome.	trichinosis is a serious but understudied medical problem in the arctic. forty-nine consecutive cases in the inuit population of northeastern canada are described. most developed the disease after eating raw walrus, and the clinical presentation of most of these cases differed from previously reported descriptions of classic trichinosis due to trichinella spiralis. unlike the classic syndrome of a brief period of diarrhea followed by fever, myalgia, muscle weakness, and edema, the most common pr ...	1989	2760502
activation and release of enzymes and major basic protein from guinea pig eosinophil granulocytes induced by different inflammatory stimuli and other substances. a histochemical, biochemical, and electron microscopic study.	in order to investigate the availability and release of enzymes from eosinophilic granulocytes in response to a variety of stimuli, guinea pig peritoneal eosinophils were obtained after repeated intraperitoneal injections of freeze-dried trichinella spiralis larvae. the activities of the enzymes peroxidase, arylsulfatase b, beta-glucuronidase, aminopeptidase, histaminase, cytochrome c oxidase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase, and the major basic protein (mbp) ...	1989	2759682
[morphometric and cytologic methods of assessing the host's immune response to invasion by trichinella spiralis].	morphometric and cytological methods of assessment of the immune response of the host's lymphoid organs to invasion were assayed in experimental model of the white mice trichinelliasis. high informative value allowing to reveal the real processes, causing immune system's alterations in case of trichinelliasis as well as the terms and sequence of appearance of immune responses in various organs, were established. authors suggested methodological approaches to morphometry use and its application i ...	1989	2755404
complement activation, phagocytosis, tumor growth and parasitic infection after magnesium supplementation in diet of mice.	very little study has been devoted to mg2+ supplementation in the diet and the effects produced upon biological functions. in the present study, mice were given supplemental amounts of mgcl2 or mgso4 in the feed ration, while the following were examined: activation of serum complement, phagocytosis, growth of tumor transplants and infections with trichinella spiralis. increased complement activation, increased phagocytosis, decreased tumor growth and decreased severity of parasitic infection wer ...	1989	2755216
a preliminary study on the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of trichinella spiralis infections in dogs.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect trichinella spiralis infections in dogs using rabbit anti-canine igg-horseradish peroxidase prepared according to the improved periodate method and an antigen purified from t. spiralis larvae by sephadex g-200 chromatography. sixty-six canine sera were tested for trichinosis by the elisa and it showed a detection rate which was significantly higher than that by trichinoscopy. this antigen of t. spiralis appeared not to cross-re ...	1989	2741302
[intrastrain heterogeneity of trichinella spiralis: a sedimentation analysis].	intrastrain heterogeneity of muscular larvae of trichinellids has been revealed in experiments of free sedimentation and isopyknic division in the density gradient of saccharose, the presence of which is confirmed by the study of morphological characters and infection activity. the presence of intrastrain heterogeneity indicates the necessity of introduction of standard technique for studies of biological characters of different strains of trichinellids.	1989	2717203
experimental trichinosis in alloxan induced diabetes in mice.	the course of trichinella spiralis infection was studied in alloxan induced diabetes in mice. the number of trichinella larvae in muscles of infected animals was estimated by digestion of whole carcases and compared with control non diabetic group. histopathological study of infected muscles was also done. it was found that diabetic mice developed very heavy muscle parasitism and their larval count was high compared with non diabetic animals. besides, there was heavy inflammatory cellular reacti ...	1989	2708851
amino acid sequence of a mouse mucosal mast cell protease.	the amino acid sequence has been determined of a mouse mucosal mast cell protease isolated from the small intestines of mice infected with trichinella spiralis. the active protease contains 226 residues. those corresponding to the catalytic triad of the active site of mammalian serine proteases (his-57, asp-102, and ser-195 in chymotrypsin) occur in identical positions. a computer search for homology indicates 74.3% and 74.1% sequence identity of the mouse mast cell protease compared to those of ...	1989	2706264
kinetics of iga plasma cells in the intestine of nih mice infected with trichinella spiralis.	in uninfected mice, the percentage of iga-containing cells labelled one day after a single injection of tritiated thymidine [( 3h] d thd) was constant in the upper, middle and lower small intestine. in uninfected mice receiving an additional injection on the two preceding days there was about a threefold increase after the three injections indicating accumulation of labelled cells during the three day period. five days after infection with trichinella spiralis, the percentage of iga cells labell ...	1989	2704883
ultrastructural localization of antigenic substances in trichinella spiralis.	the in situ localization of antigenic substances in trichinella spiralis muscle larvae was demonstrated at the subcellular level. larvae recovered from mouse muscle were fixed with half-strength karnovsky fixative, dehydrated with alcohol, and embedded in lr white resin. ultrathin sections were incubated with sera from infected wistar rats and, subsequently, protein a-gold complex. the specificity of the immunostaining was confirmed by a control experiment. positively immunostaining structures i ...	1989	2704726
[immunology of infection by trichinella spiralis sensu stricto].	the different aspects of immune response to the nematode trichinella are considered. the enteral and parenteral phases of infection are evaluated in detail as regards the contribution of different participants: cells (mast cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages), antibodies, complement, inflammation mediators, interleukins etc. the genetic regulation of the immune response, the modulation of the immune system by the parasite and finally the situation as regards vaccination are ...	1989	2698607
impaired acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of trichinella-infected rats.	we examined the release of acetylcholine (ach) from jejunal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations in noninfected control rats and in rats infected 6, 23, or 40 days previously with trichinella spiralis. ach release was assessed by preincubating the tissue with [3h]choline and measuring the evoked release of tritium. the uptake of 3h was significantly less in tissue from t. spiralis-infected rats compared with control. in tissues from either infected or control animals, electrical fie ...	1989	2692462
the genetics of the immune response to trichinella spiralis antigens in the mouse.		1989	2692429
comparative assessment of a double antibody enzyme immunoassay test kit and a triple antibody enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of trichinella spiralis spiralis and trichinella spiralis nativa infections in swine.	enzyme immunoassays using the triple antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with both trichinella spiralis spiralis and t. spiralis nativa excretory-secretory (es) antigens and a commercial trichinella spiralis enzyme immunoassay test kit were carried out on sera from pigs that were infected with light, moderate and high doses of infective t. spiralis spiralis and t. spiralis nativa respectively. seroconversion occurred in all pigs given infective trichinella larvae although no trich ...	1989	2686832
experimental trichinellosis in horses: biological and parasitological evaluation.	three groups of three horses each were, respectively, infected with 5000, 20,000 and 50,000 larvae of trichinella spiralis. the strain used was isolated from a human biopsy during horsemeat-related outbreaks of trichinellosis in france. transient muscular disorders were only observed in two of the horses infected with 50,000 larvae but none of the horses had fever. a significant increase in blood eosinophils was noticed in 5 horses. serum ldh, aldolase and cpk peaked at the fifth week post-infec ...	1989	2658299
the use of three immunologic tests in detection of antibodies against trichinella spiralis.	human sera (330 from patients with manifestations suggestive trichinosis) were examined for antibodies. the immunologic tests used were counter current immunoelectrophoresis (cep), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoflourescence (if). seropositive reactions were demonstrated in 2.7%, 5.4% and 2.4% of the sera by the 3 tests respectively. however, 2.4% of the sera were seropositive by the three tests. it seems that the use of two of these tests is valuable in diagnosis when muscl ...	1989	2651538
comparative efficacy of antigen and antibody detection tests for human trichinellosis.	sera collected from patients with suspected or confirmed exposure to trichinella spiralis were tested for circulating parasite antigens and antiparasite antibodies. using an immunoradiometric assay, excretory--secretory antigens from muscle-stage larvae of t. spiralis were detected in the sera of 47% of 62 patients with clinical trichinellosis and 13% of 39 patients without clinical signs but suspected of exposure to infected meat. in comparison, antibodies were detected using an indirect immuno ...	1989	2645393
latex agglutination test for detecting trichinella spiralis infections in pigs using muscle extract.	the latex agglutination (la) test, using muscle-juice samples of pigs experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis and slaughtered 95 days post-infection (p.i.), gave visible results in 3 min; even in a pig receiving an infection dose as low as 10 larvae. the test appeared reliable and easy to perform without the need for special equipment or sample treatments which are necessary for ante-mortem diagnostic methods. the muscle-juice sample could be obtained by compressing the muscle pieces w ...	1989	2617824
infection of the chinese hamster with trichinella pseudospiralis.	a mean of 2,862 muscle larvae was recovered on day 45 postinfection (pi) from the total body musculature of chinese hamsters infected with 498 trichinella pseudospiralis. infection of the chinese hamster with 494 trichinella spiralis resulted in recovery of a mean of 225 muscle larvae on day 45 pi. the reproductive capacity index for t. pseudospiralis was 5.74, whereas that for t. spiralis was 0.46 in this host species.	1989	2614596
piperazine derivatives of benzimidazole as potential anthelmintics. part 1: synthesis and activity of methyl-5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates.	a series of 5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-2-nitroanilines (4) and 5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates (6) has been synthesized starting from 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline (3) and n-monosubstituted piperazines. catalytic reduction of 4 with pd/c followed by treatment with 1,3-dicarbomethoxy-s-methylisothiourea yielded the corresponding methyl-5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates (6) which were for anthelmintic activity against experimental infections of t ...	1989	2608706
differentiation between trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infective larvae by a monoclonal antibody.	crude saline extracts of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infective larvae were studied by western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody, named es/ta2 and produced against t. spiralis larvae. this monoclonal antibody recognized seven major antigenic components in t. spiralis larvae with apparent mr: 45, 48, 50, 68, 70, 92 and 105 kda and five in t. pseudospiralis larvae: 38, 50, 70, 72 and 92 kda. sds-page of both extracts did not reveal appreciable differences in the range of mole ...	1989	2600410
identification and partial characterization of a t-cell-derived antigen-binding factor from mice infected with the intestinal helminth trichinella spiralis.	immunochemical and biological characterization was performed of an antigen-binding factor derived from culture supernatants of t cells from mice infected 4 days previously with the intestinal helminth trichinella spiralis. affinity chromatography with t. spiralis antigen resulted in the purification of a protein, provisionally designated trichinella factor (tric-f), that shared antigenic and other properties with a known t-cell-derived antigen-binding factor of different antigenic specificity, p ...	1989	2592113
antigen-specific t-cell factors induce isotype-like suppression of mast cell and eosinophil-rich t-cell-dependent inflammation in the intestine of mice infected with trichinella spiralis.	the recent identification of a t-cell-derived antigen-binding molecule (tabm), trichinella spiralis factor (tric-f), isolated from culture supernatants of lymphoid cells from mice infected with the intestinal helminth t. spiralis, has led to investigation of the ability of tric-f to induce a t-cell-dependent feedback circuit that ultimately suppresses the production of other tabms with similar (isotype-like) features. this form of regulation that has been identified in contact hypersensitivity a ...	1989	2583851
long-term influence of enteric infection on jejunal propulsion in guinea pigs.	the intrinsic fluid-propelling behavior of guinea pig jejunal segments was reportedly altered by primary infection with trichinella spiralis from day 10 to day 20 postinoculation. after that time propulsive behavior returned to normal. the objective in the investigation reported here was to determine if jejunal responsiveness to an infection is influenced by prior exposure to the parasite. accordingly, jejunal propulsion was examined in guinea pigs reinfected 2 mo after the initial inoculation w ...	1989	2583412
trichinella spiralis: immunization of mice using monoclonal antibody affinity-isolated antigens.	an antigen epitope was identified from the excretory-secretory products of trichinella spiralis first-stage larvae using monoclonal antibodies, and the glycoprotein antigens bearing this epitope (ts.49 and ts.53) were isolated from the crude excretory-secretory preparation by affinity chromatography. in immunization experiments carried out in mice, antigen priming with ts.49 and ts.53 resulted in a reduction of muscle larvae resulting from a challenge infection at a level comparable to priming w ...	1985	2581801
trichinella spiralis as a modulator of shope fibroma virus.	after the works on the promoting effect of trichinellosis on some viral infections in rodents, many studies successively demonstrated that trichinella spiralis confers resistance to many unrelated antigens including pathogens, such as protozoa, bacteria and tumour cells (b16 melanoma). considering the above contradictory results, the present work was undertaken to study, in rabbits, t. spiralis as a modulator of shope's fibroma virus, an oncogenic virus responsible for a benign neoplasia. four g ...	1989	2562107
altered smooth muscle contraction and sodium pump activity in the inflamed rat intestine.	we examined changes in membrane function underlying the increased contractility of jejunal longitudinal muscle to carbachol in rats infected 6 days previously with trichinella spiralis. muscarinic receptor characteristics were examined in particulate fractions using [n-methyl-3h]scopolamine (nms). there was a significant reduction in the total number of binding sites on muscle from infected rats, but the affinity for nms was unchanged. similarly, in competition studies, the binding of carbachol ...	1989	2552826
molecular characterization of sylvatic isolates of trichinella spiralis.	genetic relationships of 20 trichinella isolates from indiana wildlife were assessed and compared to trichinella isolated from an infected swine herd. trichinella larvae were isolated from coyotes, mink, raccoons, and red foxes. the larvae were maintained and amplified in white mice (icr) and wild mice (peromyscus leucopus). differences in phenotypic characters of sylvatic isolates in the 2 laboratory hosts included an approximately 10-30-fold increase in parasite fecundity in wild mice. dna for ...	1989	2542508
the relative importance of ah versus h-2 genotype on trichinella resistance following exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene.	the relative influence of ah vs h-2 genotype on the outcome of trichinella spiralis (tsp) infections of mice was examined following methylcholanthrene (mc) treatment. female mice of four inbred strains were treated with mc and infected 24 h later with tsp muscle larvae. the strains, with their respective major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haplotype, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase responsiveness (ah phenotype) and level of susceptibility to tsp infection, were: c3heb/fej (c3), h-2k, ahb, tsp su ...	1989	2539339
evidence for differential induction of helper t cell subsets during trichinella spiralis infection.	the h-2-compatible mouse strains, akr and b10.br, exhibit disparate responses to infection with the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis. the resistant akr mice expel intestinal adult worms faster than susceptible b10.br mice. we tested antibody and lymphokine responses in these strains. with respect to antibody responses, the b10.br mice had 3- to 10-fold more serum ige and t. spiralis-specific igg1 and iga than akr mice. the b10.br mice also had greater numbers of igg and iga plaque-forming ...	1989	2531779
mitochondrial atp-ase as a measure of uncoupling of rat muscle mitochondria in experimental infection with trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis.	changes in a bioenergetic state of trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis infected rat and mouse muscle mitochondria were evaluated enzymatically, and in both infections 3-4-fold increase of mitochondrial, mg++-stimulated atp-ase (ec 3.6.1.3) was observed. looking for the dynamics of those bioenergetic changes in t. pseudospiralis infected rat and mouse muscle mitochondria 1-2 weeks, pi, the 5-6-fold stimulation of matp-ase activity, followed by a significant drop between the week 3 ...	1989	2530698
[changes in populations of t lymphocytes in mice infected with trichinella spiralis].	acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (anae), a cytoplasmic marker was used to identify the t lymphocytes and their subpopulations in peripheral blood of mice experimentally infected with t. spiralis. the results showed that the absolute number of lymphocytes and t lymphocytes increased in parallel on d3 after infection, reaching the peak on d14, and remaining above normal level on d60. the spotted granular anae positive cells (helper t cells, th) were decreasing and the scattered granular anae p ...	1989	2530002
regeneration in mouse skeletal muscle injured by trichinella larvae.	during the infection caused by trichinella pseudospiralis serious damage to muscles is partly compensated with regeneration process. short, thin fibrillae with central position of the nuclei--regenerating myotubes originate 20--40th day post infection in endomysial tubes remaining after damaged muscle fibres, left by migrating larva. on the 10th day post infection in the vicinity of moving larva activation of nuclei and increased origin of satellite cells under basal membrane occur. with develop ...	1989	2527793
intestinal immunity to trichinella spiralis is a property of ox8- ox22- t-helper cells that are generated in the intestine.	the phenotype of t-helper cells conferring protection against trichinella spiralis (ts) was studied using adoptive transfer procedures and t-helper cell subsets isolated by monoclonal antibodies. with these techniques ox8- ox22+ and ox8- ox22- t-helper cell populations were isolated from thoracic duct lymph (tdl) of infected rats three-five-fold more concentrated than in unfractionated lymph. the ox8- ox22- cell subset alone transferred enhanced rejection of adult worms from the intestine. the o ...	1989	2523861
the ige and igg subclass responses of mice to four helminth parasites.	to investigate whether the formation of ige is linked in vivo to an igg subclass, mice were infected with four helminth parasites, nippostrongylus brasiliensis (nbr), mesocestoides corti, taenia crassiceps and trichinella spiralis, and the changes in the serum levels of the different ig isotypes as well as the antibody response to m. corti and t. crassiceps antigen extracts were determined by radioimmunoassays. all four parasites induced a concomitant increase of the ige and igg1 serum levels an ...	1989	2522026
preparation and use of monoclonal antibodies in the detection of trichinella spiralis circulating antigen.	in the present study, a trial was made to evaluate the monoclonal antibody produced as a tool in the detection of circulating antigen. for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies, four balb/c mice were immunized with trichinella spiralis larvae. immunized spleen cells were prepared and a suitable mutant ns1 myeloma cell line was used for fusion. eighty white swiss albino mice were orally infected with 500 l1 t. spiralis larvae. their serum was collected at different periods i.e. 5, 11, 18 and 2 ...	1989	2520142
[trichinosis: new epidemic outbreak caused by the ingestion of wild-boar sausage].	after the evaluation of 129 serum samples of persons who had ingested boar sausage infested by trichinella spiralis, 48 individuals (40 adults and 8 children) with a mean age of 38.8 years were diagnosed of trichinosis. the incubation time was 17 days (range 2 to 44 days). the following clinical features were outstanding: facial and eyelid edema (50%), diffuse limb myalgia (43%), fever (37%), conjunctivitis (25%), headache (16%), and abdominal pain (16%). remarkably, 33% of the diagnosed patient ...	1989	2490858
trichinella spiralis: ultrastructure of the body wall of newborn and muscle larvae.	the body wall structure of muscle and newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. differences were found in the structure of the cuticle of the two developmental stages. in the case of the cuticle of the muscle larvae only transverse striae were present whereas the newborn larvae cuticle showed both transverse and longitudinal striations. in the two parasite stages the outer surface of the cuticle appears as a three-layered structure. t ...	1989	2488769
phosphocholine epitopes on helminth and protozoal parasites and their presence in the circulation of infected human patients.	antigens containing phosphocholine (pc) circulate in the blood during chronic filarial infection. because of the wide occurrence of such pc epitopes, we examined their specificity by evaluating 10 common parasites of humans for the presence of pc epitopes, and sera from patients infected with these parasites for circulating antigens containing pc. immunoblot analysis of extracts from various parasites using an anti-pc monoclonal antibody (ca101) demonstrated the presence of pc epitopes on the pr ...	1989	2482559
trichinella spiralis: recognition of muscle larva antigens during experimental infection of swine and its potential use in diagnosis.	longitudinal studies with trichinella spiralis experimentally infected pigs were carried out to identify muscle larva antigens recognized during infection. this was approached using western blot analysis and elisa assays. immunoblots of sera from experimentally infected pigs using total parasite extracts revealed five principal parasite antigens throughout infection. a similar pattern of antigen recognition was given by sera from backyard pigs in areas of mexico, some of them endemic for trichin ...	1989	2478386
trichinella spiralis: antigenic substances associated with the alimentary tract.	postembedding immunogold and immunoperoxidase staining methods revealed that substances occupying the lumen of the esophagus and the midgut were antigenic for both wistar rats and humans. specificity of the alimentary tract-associated antigen was assessed by reacting these substances with a panel of serum pools from patients with non-trichinella helminth infections, including anisakiasis, paragonimiasis, gnathostomiasis, fascioliasis, dirofilariasis, and trichuriasis. the substances had no, or n ...	1989	2470611
immunological regulation of colonic ion transport.	challenge of distal colonic epithelium from trichinella spiralis-infected guinea pigs with parasite-derived antigen elevated short-circuit current (isc) for approximately 60 min. the maximum elevation (delta isc) was approximately 250 microa/cm2 at 5 min after the addition of trichinella antigen. the antigen-induced alterations in isc were of greater magnitude and duration than those evoked in jejunum. colonic electrical resistance was transiently reduced after exposure to antigen. there was no ...	1989	2465697
binding of dexamethasone and its effect on histamine release from rat mast cells.	purified rat peritoneal mast cells were incubated for 20 h with or without dexamethasone (4 x 10(-6) m) and then passively sensitized with serum from trichinella spiralis-infected rats. the release of histamine using various secretagogues (concanavalin a, crude antigen of t. spiralis and polymyxin b) was determined. dexamethasone treatment markedly inhibited ige-dependent release of histamine (from 33.9 +/- 5.0% to 12.4 +/- 5.1% and from 39.8 +/- 7.9% to 14.2 +/- 6.5% of total cellular histamine ...	1988	2463972
immunomodulation by trichinella spiralis: primary versus secondary response to phosphorylcholine-containing antigens.	the present work was designed to determine in detail the capacity of the nematode trichinella to modulate the plaque-forming cell (pfc) response of bcf1 mice to the parasite's own antigens. to this end, we studied the pfc responses shown by infected and non-infected bcf1 mice using as the target antigen phosphorylcholine, an epitope which is found in the parasite. from the results presented here, the following conclusions can be drawn: i) trichinella spiralis is capable of modulating the immunor ...	1988	2455857
modulation of the anti-phosphorylcholine immune response during trichinella spiralis infections in mice.	the nematode trichinella spiralis is able to modulate the antibody response, as measured by the plaque-forming cell (pfc) technique, to three thymus-dependent (td) antigens: (1) a heterologous antigen unrelated to the parasite (sheep red blood cells (srbc]; (2) an antigenic fraction, rich in phosphorylcholine (pc), obtained from t. spiralis (fcp1) and (3) a heterologous antigen unrelated to the parasite, but sharing the pc epitope with the fcp1 fraction (pc-klh). during the life-cycle of the par ...	1987	2447553
mediators of anaphylaxis-induced ion transport changes in small intestine.	net ion transport by jejunum of rats immunized against trichinella spiralis on challenge with parasite-derived antigen was measured in ussing chambers as a rapidly expressed, biphasic rise and fall (phase i and ii) in short-circuit current (delta isc). this delta isc is triggered by mucosal anaphylaxis. our objective is to identify mast cell-derived substances that mediate the epithelial response. antigenic challenge of sensitized jejunum caused the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), histami ...	1987	2444113
the distribution of cells killed by trichinella spiralis in the mucosal epithelium of two strains of mice.	dead and dying cells were localized by light microscopy in the mucosal epithelium of the intestine of an outbred strain (cd1) and an inbred strain (b10a) of mice by vital staining with the dye, trypan blue. in whole mounts of the intestinal wall, trails, or variable-sized clusters of blue-stained cells were seen throughout the course of infection and in mice given a range of inoculum levels. in cd1 mice, irregular trails of dead cells were seen in the intestine floor and clusters of them along t ...	1987	2443632