Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| current trends in the epidemiology and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified cause of nosocomial diarrhea and has been associated with epidemics of diarrhea in hospitals and long-term care facilities. the continued increase in c. difficile infection (cdi) suggests that it has surpassed other pathogens in causing healthcare-associated infections. the centers for disease control and prevention recently identified cdi as an "urgent threat" in its recent report on antibiotic resistance threats in the united states, high ... | 2015 | 25922403 |
| pathway to prevention of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection. | to address the significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), a series of recommendations and a pathway to prevention were developed. | 2015 | 25922401 |
| a decade of experience in primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection at a community hospital using the probiotic combination lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+). | in august 2003, the 284-bed community hospital pierre-le gardeur (plgh) in quebec experienced a major outbreak associated with the clostridium difficile nap1/027/bi strain. augmented standard preventive measures (spms) were not able to control this outbreak. it was decided in february 2004 to give to every adult inpatient on antibiotics, without any exclusion, a probiotic (bio-k+: lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2) within 12 hours of t ... | 2015 | 25922400 |
| lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+): characterization, manufacture, mechanisms of action, and quality control of a specific probiotic combination for primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | a specific probiotic formulation composed of lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+) has been marketed in north america since 1996. the strains and the commercial products have been evaluated for safety, identity, gastrointestinal survival, and stability throughout shelf life. the capacity of both the fermented beverages and the capsules to reduce incidences of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection (cdi) ... | 2015 | 25922399 |
| prevention of clostridium difficile infection with probiotics. | despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and prevention efforts to reduce the spread of c. difficile, cdi remains a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. further advances in prevention of cdi may need to focus on those who continue to be exposed to the organism and who are susceptible. interventions directed toward this susceptible population, particularly hospitalized patients who receive antibiotics, may be effective. there is mo ... | 2015 | 25922397 |
| clostridium difficile infection following outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. | 2015 | 25922336 | |
| colonic muc2 mucin regulates the expression and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin 2. | in this study we identified mechanisms at the colonic mucosa by which muc2 mucin regulated the production of β-defensin in a proinflammatory milieu but functionally protected susceptible bacteria from its antimicrobial effects. the regulator role of muc2 on production of β-defensin 2 in combination with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (il-1β) was confirmed using purified human colonic muc2 mucin and colonic goblet cells short hairpin rna (shrna) silenced for muc2. in vivo, muc2(-/-) ... | 2015 | 25921338 |
| delirium and other clinical factors with clostridium difficile infection that predict mortality in hospitalized patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) severity has increased, especially among hospitalized older adults. we evaluated clinical factors to predict mortality after cdi. | 2015 | 25920706 |
| loss of microbiota-mediated colonization resistance to clostridium difficile infection with oral vancomycin compared with metronidazole. | antibiotic administration disrupts the intestinal microbiota, increasing susceptibility to pathogens such as clostridium difficile. metronidazole or oral vancomycin can cure c. difficile infection, and administration of these agents to prevent c. difficile infection in high-risk patients, although not sanctioned by infectious disease society of america guidelines, has been considered. the relative impacts of metronidazole and vancomycin on the intestinal microbiota and colonization resistance ar ... | 2015 | 25920320 |
| the livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward. | the purpose of this review was to provide an updated overview on the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock, the associated problems for humans and current knowledge on the effects of reducing resistance in the livestock reservoir on both human health and animal production. there is still limiting data on both use of antimicrobial agents, occurrence and spread of resistance as well as impact on human health. however, in recent years, emerging issues related to methicillin-resistant staphylococ ... | 2015 | 25918442 |
| spore cortex hydrolysis precedes dipicolinic acid release during clostridium difficile spore germination. | bacterial spore germination is a process whereby a dormant spore returns to active, vegetative growth, and this process has largely been studied in the model organism bacillus subtilis. in b. subtilis, the initiation of germinant receptor-mediated spore germination is divided into two genetically separable stages. stage i is characterized by the release of dipicolinic acid (dpa) from the spore core. stage ii is characterized by cortex degradation, and stage ii is activated by the dpa released du ... | 2015 | 25917906 |
| clostridium difficile infection from a surgical perspective. | the incidence and the severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have increased significantly over the last decade, especially in high-risk populations such as patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). surgeons must be able to both identify and minimize the risk of cdi in their own surgical patients and determine which cdi patients will benefit from surgery. | 2015 | 25917533 |
| [the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea]. | to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens. | 2015 | 25916780 |
| first report of clostridium difficile nap1/027 in a mexican hospital. | clostridium difficile nap1/ribotype 027 is associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. our aim was to determine the prevalence of nap1/ribotype 027 among c. difficile isolates in a tertiary care hospital, and review the main clinical data. | 2015 | 25915544 |
| hospital management of clostridium difficile infection: a review of the literature. | the emergence of the epidemic clostridium difficile 027 strain has renewed interest in infection control practices. | 2015 | 25913648 |
| outbreak of clostridium difficile infections at an outpatient hemodialysis facility-michigan, 2012-2013. | investigation of an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at a hemodialysis facility revealed evidence that limited intrafacility transmission occurred despite adherence to published infection control standards for dialysis clinics. outpatient dialysis facilities should consider cdi prevention, including environmental disinfection for c. difficile, when formulating their infection control plans. | 2015 | 25913501 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. | clostridium difficile causes infections that can either remain asymptomatic or manifest as clinical disease. in this report, problems, possible solutions, and future perspectives on the treatment of c. difficile infections (cdis) in pediatric patients are discussed. cdi, despite increasing as a consequence of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, remains relatively uncommon in pediatrics mainly because younger children are poorly susceptible to the action of c. difficile toxins. in most such ca ... | 2015 | 25912469 |
| the association of hospital prevention processes and patient risk factors with the risk of clostridium difficile infection: a population-based cohort study. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-acquired infection; the real-world impacts of some proposed c. difficile prevention processes are unknown. | 2015 | 25911052 |
| spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis. | the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ... | 2015 | 25908431 |
| microfiber cloths reduce the transfer of clostridium difficile spores to environmental surfaces compared with cotton cloths. | environmental surfaces in health care facilities contaminated with clostridium difficile spores can be a reservoir that contribute to transmission of hospital-acquired infections. microfiber cleaning cloths may improve the effectiveness of surface cleaning. the objective of this study was to assess the removal and transfer of c difficile spores on surfaces cleaned by microfiber compared with cotton cloths. | 2015 | 25907782 |
| a multi-center prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction tool for severe clostridium difficile infection. | prediction of severe clinical outcomes in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is important to inform management decisions for optimum patient care. currently, treatment recommendations for cdi vary based on disease severity but validated methods to predict severe disease are lacking. the aim of the study was to derive and validate a clinical prediction tool for severe outcomes in cdi. | 2015 | 25906284 |
| an assessment of antimicrobial resistant disease threats in canada. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) of infectious agents is a growing concern for public health organizations. given the complexity of this issue and how widespread the problem has become, resources are often insufficient to address all concerns, thus prioritization of amr pathogens is essential for the optimal allocation of risk management attention. since the epidemiology of amr pathogens differs between countries, country-specific assessments are important for the determination of national priorit ... | 2015 | 25905797 |
| clostridium difficile infection may loom behind ipilimumab-induced auto-immune colitis. | 2016 | 25905620 | |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: just a fancy trend? | the risks and advantages of the administration of fecal material of healthy people to patients are heavily debated. in adults, recurrent clostridium difficile has become an accepted indication. in addition to all of the possible indications, many other questions need to be answered before pediatric indications and recommendations can be established. optimal donor selection, fresh versus frozen stools versus capsules containing only microbiota, volume, and route of administration are just a few e ... | 2015 | 25905546 |
| impact of clinical awareness and diagnostic tests on the underdiagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | a multicenter study of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) performed during 2008 in spain revealed that two of every three episodes went undiagnosed or were misdiagnosed owing to nonsensitive diagnostic tests or lack of clinical suspicion and request. since then, efforts have been made to improve the diagnostic tests used by laboratories and to increase the awareness of this disease among both clinicians and microbiologists. our objective was to evaluate the impact of these efforts by assessin ... | 2015 | 25904126 |
| bacteremia antibiotic length actually needed for clinical effectiveness (balance): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. | bacteremia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill adults. no previous randomized controlled trials have directly compared shorter versus longer durations of antimicrobial treatment in these patients. | 2015 | 25903783 |
| effect of a probiotic on prevention of diarrhea and clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens shedding in foals. | up to 60% of foals develop diarrhea within 6 months after birth. preventive measures are limited but potentially probiotics could be used. | 2017 | 25903509 |
| antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate on clostridium difficile, escherichia coli o157:h7, norovirus, and other common enteric pathogens. | previous studies have shown bismuth subsalicylate (bss) has antimicrobial properties, but few studies have addressed the mechanism of action. furthermore, following bss ingestion other bismuth salts form throughout the gastrointestinal tract including bismuth oxychloride (biocl) that also act upon enteric pathogens. to further understand the antimicrobial activity of bismuth in infectious diarrhea, the antimicrobial effect of bss and biocl on clostridium difficile, salmonella, shigella, shiga to ... | 2015 | 25901890 |
| binaphthyl-1,2,3-triazole peptidomimetics with activity against clostridium difficile and other pathogenic bacteria. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a problematic gram positive bacterial pathogen causing moderate to severe gastrointestinal infections. based on a lead binaphthyl-tripeptide dicationic antimicrobial, novel mono-, di- and tri-peptidomimetic analogues targeting c. difficile were designed and synthesized incorporating one, two or three d-configured cationic amino acid residues, with a common 1,2,3-triazole ester isostere at the c-terminus. copper- and ruthenium-click chemistry facilitated th ... | 2015 | 25901416 |
| current advances related to clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can trigger various responses, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis. hard-to-cure cdi, such as severe cdi, multiple recurrences of cdi, refractory cdi, and hypervirulent strains of c. difficile, require new treatments, although antibiotics such as metronidazole and vancomycin are the treatment of choice for initial and first relapsing cdi. active immunization with c. difficile toxins and faecal microbiota transplantation deserve special at ... | 2015 | 25900952 |
| clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized hiv-infected individuals: epidemiology and risk factors: results from a case-control study (2002-2013). | hiv infection is a risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) yet the immune deficiency predisposing to cdi is not well understood, despite an increasing incidence of cdi among such individuals. we aimed to estimate the incidence and to evaluate the risk factors of cdi among an hiv cohort in italy. | 2015 | 25899507 |
| oral teicoplanin (targocid) and intestinal clostridium difficile infection. just another option. | 2015 | 25897455 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in the united states: a national study assessing preventive practices used and perceptions of practice evidence. | we surveyed 571 us hospitals about practices used to prevent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). most hospitals reported regularly using key cdi prevention practices, and perceived their strength of evidence as high. the largest discrepancy between regular use and perceived evidence strength occurred with antimicrobial stewardship programs. | 2015 | 25896321 |
| a new approach to recognition of clostridium difficile infections with community onset. | 2015 | 25895635 | |
| fecal transplantation to treat initial severe clostridium difficile infection with sepsis. | 2015 | 25895282 | |
| fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent clostridium difficile infection after peripheral autologous stem cell transplant for diffuse large b-cell lymphoma. | 2015 | 25893454 | |
| identification of patients at high risk for clostridium difficile infection: development and validation of a risk prediction model in hospitalized patients treated with antibiotics. | to develop and validate a prediction model for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics, we performed a case-cohort study in a tertiary (derivation) and secondary care hospital (validation). cases had a positive clostridium test and were treated with systemic antibiotics before suspicion of cdi. controls were randomly selected from hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics. potential predictors were selected from the literatur ... | 2015 | 25889357 |
| prevalence and management of antibiotic associated diarrhea in general hospitals. | antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a common adverse effect of antibiotic (ab) treatment. this study aimed to measure the overall prevalence of aad (including mild to moderate diarrhea) in hospitalized ab treated patients, to investigate associated risk factors and to document aad associated diagnostic investigations, contamination control and treatment. | 2015 | 25888351 |
| risk factors associated with lower defecation frequency in hospitalized older adults: a case control study. | constipation is highly prevalent in older adults and may be associated with greater frequency of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). we investigated the prevalence of lower defecation frequency (df) and risk factors (including aecopd) associated with lower df among hospitalized elderly patients. | 2015 | 25887756 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of published studies. | several factors including antibiotic use, immunosuppression and frequent hospitalizations make solid organ transplant (sot) recipients vulnerable to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies from 1991-2014 to estimate the prevalence of cdi in this patient population. we searched pubmed, embase and google scholar databases. among the 75,940 retrieved citations, we found 30 studies coded from 35 articles that were relevant to our study. based on these ... | 2015 | 25886133 |
| identification of toxemia in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | toxemia can develop in clostridium difficile-infected animals, and correlates with severe and fulminant disease outcomes. circumstantial evidence suggests that toxemia may occur in patients with c. difficile infection (cdi), but positive diagnosis is extremely rare. we analyzed the potential for c. difficile toxemia in patients, determined its characteristics, and assessed challenges. c. difficile toxins in serum from patients were tested using an ultrasensitive cell-based assay and further conf ... | 2015 | 25885671 |
| effectiveness of fecal-derived microbiota transfer using orally administered capsules for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi), a complication of antibiotic-induced injury to the gut microbiome, is a prevalent and dangerous cause of infectious diarrhea. antimicrobial therapy for cdi is typically effective for acute symptoms, but up to one third of patients later experience recurrent cdi. fecal-derived microbiota transplantation (fmt) can ameliorate the underlying dysbiosis and is highly effective for recurrent cdi. traditional methods of fmt are limited by patient discomfort, risk a ... | 2015 | 25885020 |
| erratum: polymerase chain reaction ribotyping of clostridium difficile isolates in qatar: a hospital-based study. | 2015 | 25884644 | |
| vancomycin enemas as adjunctive therapy for clostridium difficile infection. | for severe, complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi), concomitant treatment with iv metronidazole and oral vancomycin is usually prescribed. sometimes vancomycin per rectum (vpr) is added to increase colonic drug delivery. our purpose was to examine clinical outcomes of patients with cdi treated with vpr and compare results to a matched control group. | 2015 | 25883704 |
| interaction of the clostridium difficile binary toxin cdt and its host cell receptor, lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (lsr). | cdt (clostridium difficile transferase) is a binary, actin adp-ribosylating toxin frequently associated with hypervirulent strains of the human enteric pathogen c. difficile, the most serious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. cdt leads to the collapse of the actin cytoskeleton and, eventually, to cell death. low doses of cdt result in the formation of microtubule-based protrusions on the cell surface that increase the adherence and colonization of c. difficile ... | 2015 | 25882847 |
| clinical characterization and risk factors of clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients in a chinese hospital. | clostridium difficile is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, especially in elderly patients. this study aimed to analyze the clinical features and assess the risk factors associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly hospitalized patients. | 2015 | 25881527 |
| clostridium difficile in western romania: unfavourable outcome predictors in a hospital for infectious diseases. | the recent emergence of clostridium difficile infections has included this condition among top nosocomial infections, due to its incidence, complications and important fatality, as well as to significant economic costs. | 2015 | 25881288 |
| a randomised phase 1 study to investigate safety, pharmacokinetics and impact on gut microbiota following single and multiple oral doses in healthy male subjects of smt19969, a novel agent for clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a leading cause of diarrhoea in health care settings with symptoms ranging from mild and self-limiting to life threatening. smt19969 is a novel, non-absorbable antibiotic currently under development for the treatment of cdi. here we report the results from a phase i study. | 2015 | 25880933 |
| stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit: an international survey of 97 units in 11 countries. | stress ulcer prophylaxis (sup) may decrease the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients in the intensive care unit (icu), but the risk of infection may be increased. in this study, we aimed to describe sup practices in adult icus. we hypothesised that patient selection for sup varies both within and between countries. | 2015 | 25880349 |
| high mortality risk in chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease patients with clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the mortality risk in patients with chronic kidney diseases (ckd) and end stage renal disease (esrd) requiring dialysis with clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2015 | 25879082 |
| optimized protocol for simple extraction of high-quality genomic dna from clostridium difficile for whole-genome sequencing. | successful sequencing of the clostridium difficile genome requires high-quality genomic dna (gdna) as the starting material. gdna extraction using conventional methods is laborious. we describe here an optimized method for the simple extraction of c. difficile gdna using the qiaamp dna minikit, which yielded high-quality sequence reads on the illumina miseq platform. | 2015 | 25878343 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation and successful resolution of multidrug-resistant-organism colonization. | we report a case in which fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) utilized for relapsing clostridium difficile colitis successfully eradicated colonization with several multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros). fmt may have an additive benefit of reducing mdro carriage and should be further investigated as a potential measure to eradicate additional potentially virulent organisms beyond c. difficile. | 2015 | 25878340 |
| engineered biosynthesis of enduracidin lipoglycopeptide antibiotics using the ramoplanin mannosyltransferase ram29. | the lipopeptides ramoplanin from actinoplanes sp. atcc 33076 and enduracidin produced by streptomyces fungicidicus are effective antibiotics against a number of drug-resistant gram-positive pathogens. while these two antibiotics share a similar cyclic peptide structure, comprising 17 amino acids with an n-terminal fatty acid side chain, ramoplanin has a di-mannose moiety that enduracidin lacks. the mannosyl substituents of ramoplanin enhance aqueous solubility, which was important in the develop ... | 2015 | 25878261 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in a french university hospital. | the management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become very daunting over the past decade because of increased incidence and severity both in hospital and the community. guidelines recommend metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin, depending on clinical presentation. | 2015 | 25877477 |
| in vitro activity of surotomycin against contemporary clinical isolates of toxigenic clostridium difficile strains obtained in spain. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea in developed countries. metronidazole and vancomycin are the mainstay of treatment, although they are associated with treatment failure and recurrence. novel agents have emerged to address these shortcomings. we investigated the in vitro activity of a novel agent, surotomycin (formerly cb-183,315), and seven other antimicrobial agents against clinical c. difficile isolates. | 2015 | 25876881 |
| sanitary status and incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile within canadian hotel rooms. | the study described in this article aimed at establishing a baseline assessment of the sanitary status of ice and guest rooms within canadian hotels. collectively, 54 hotel rooms belonging to six different national chains were sampled. high-contact surfaces (comforter, alarm clock, bedside lamp, tv remote, bathroom countertop, faucet, and toilet seat) were sampled using adenosine triphosphate (atp) swabs and replicate organism detection and counting plates. atp swab readings ranged from 2.12 to ... | 2015 | 25876260 |
| toward a true bacteriotherapy for clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 25875262 | |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 25875259 | |
| diverse supramolecular structures formed by self-assembling proteins of the bacillus subtilis spore coat. | bacterial spores (endospores), such as those of the pathogens clostridium difficile and bacillus anthracis, are uniquely stable cell forms, highly resistant to harsh environmental insults. bacillus subtilis is the best studied spore-former and we have used it to address the question of how the spore coat is assembled from multiple components to form a robust, protective superstructure. b. subtilis coat proteins (coty, cote, cotv and cotw) expressed in escherichia coli can arrange intracellularly ... | 2015 | 25872412 |
| factors predicting recurrence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospitalized patients: retrospective study of more than 2000 patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has increased in incidence and severity worldwide, causing direct costs estimated to range from us $3.2 billion to $4.8 billion. the aim of this study was to investigate and identify factors that predict recurrence of cdi. | 2015 | 25871748 |
| the relationship between patient functional status and environmental contamination by clostridium difficile: a pilot study. | limited data exist on patient factors related to environmental contamination with clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 25869819 |
| clinical and demographic profile of patients reporting for clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care hospital. | 2016 | 25866002 | |
| synergistic inhibition of clostridium difficile with nisin-lysozyme combination treatment. | clostridium difficile vegetative cells were not inhibited completely after a 120-min treatment with 40 nm nisin or 0.8 mm lysozyme. however, these cells were completely inhibited after only a 30-min incubation with both 20 nm nisin and 0.2 mm lysozyme. | 2015 | 25863312 |
| the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for genotyping of clostridium difficile. | genotyping approaches are important for tracking infectious agents and can be used for various purposes. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is among the highly discriminatory genotyping approaches commonly used for characterizing clostridium difficile. other genotyping methods used for c. difficile include ribotyping, restriction endonuclease assay (rea), multilocus variable number tandem repeats (vntr) assay, and others. pfge has a high discriminatory power, high reproducibility, and typea ... | 2015 | 25862051 |
| induced sporicidal activity of chlorhexidine against clostridium difficile spores under altered physical and chemical conditions. | chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial commonly used to disinfect the skin of patients to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections. because chlorhexidine is not sporicidal, it is not anticipated that it would have an impact on skin contamination with clostridium difficile, the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. however, although chlorhexidine is not sporicidal as it is used in healthcare settings, it has been reported to kill spores of bacillus species un ... | 2015 | 25861057 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile among paediatric patients in a tertiary care hospital, coastal karnataka, south india. | the study was intended to analyse the burden of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) and associated intestinal pathogens from children with diarrhoea who were hospitalized in a tertiary care teaching hospital of south india. | 2015 | 25859452 |
| genome resequencing of the virulent and multidrug-resistant reference strain clostridium difficile 630. | we resequenced the complete genome of the virulent and multidrug-resistant pathogen clostridium difficile strain 630. a combination of single-molecule real-time and illumina sequencing technology revealed the presence of an additional rrna gene cluster, additional trnas, and the absence of a transposon in comparison to the published and reannotated genome sequence. | 2015 | 25858846 |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection: results of a hospital-based study in krakow, poland. | over the past two decades clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has appeared as a major public health threat. we performed a retrospective study based on the records of patients hospitalized for cdi at the university hospital in krakow, poland, between 2008 and 2014. in the study period, cdi occurred in 1009 individuals. there were 790 (78%) individuals who developed infection only once, whereas 219 (22%) developed infection more than once. the percentage of deaths within 14 days of cdi confirma ... | 2015 | 25858553 |
| contamination of the hospital environment from potential clostridium difficile excretors without active infection. | clostridium difficile was recovered from 33 (34%) of 98 rooms of patients who were excretors compared with 36 (49%) of 73 rooms of patients with active infection. not all laboratory algorithms can distinguish between these 2 groups, yet both may be a significant source for ongoing transmission. | 2015 | 25857829 |
| clinical and economic impact of empirical extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam in a community medical center. | current medical center practice allows for the automatic conversion of all piperacillin/tazobactam orders from intermittent to extended infusion (ei). | 2015 | 25855703 |
| frozen encapsulated stool in recurrent clostridium difficile: exploring the role of pills in the treatment hierarchy of fecal microbiota transplant nonresponders. | 2015 | 25853204 | |
| the microbiota and microbiome in aging: potential implications in health and age-related diseases. | advances in bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing allow for characterization of the human commensal bacterial community (microbiota) and its corresponding genome (microbiome). surveys of healthy adults reveal that a signature composite of bacteria characterizes each unique body habitat (e.g., gut, skin, oral cavity, vagina). a myriad of clinical changes, including a basal proinflammatory state (inflamm-aging), that directly interface with the microbiota of older adults and enhance susceptib ... | 2015 | 25851728 |
| protein composition of the outermost exosporium-like layer of clostridium difficile 630 spores. | clostridium difficile spores are considered the morphotype of infection, transmission and persistence of c. difficile infections. there is a lack of information on the composition of the outermost exosporium layer of c. difficile spores. using recently developed exosporium removal methods combined with ms/ms, we have established a gel-free approach to analyze the proteome of the exosporium of c. difficile spores of strain 630. a total of 184 proteins were found in the exosporium layer of c. diff ... | 2015 | 25849250 |
| the economic impact of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. | with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on the rise, knowledge of the current economic burden of cdi can inform decisions on interventions related to cdi. we systematically reviewed cdi cost-of-illness (coi) studies. | 2015 | 25848925 |
| three-step diagnostic algorithm in diagnosing patients suspected of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | clostridium difficile is a predominant etiological agent of healthcare-associated infectious diarrhea. immunoenzymatic tests for detecting toxins a/b from faecal samples are still used in routine diagnosis of clostridium difficile-associated diseases in a number of healthcare centers in poland. recently, however, new diagnostic tests were introduced which allow for detecting toxigenic strains of c. difficile in a more effective and precise manner. it is of importance, especially in the light of ... | 2014 | 25848788 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal system infections acquired in provincial hospital in 2004-2013. | gastrointestinal system infection (gi) is an infection which is frequently acquired in health- care settings. in poland, there are limited data on the distribution of gastrointestinal system infections in the epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections (hais). therefore, a study was initiated with the objective to assess the prevalence and distribution of healthcare-associated gastrointestinal system infections in patients hospitalized in st. lukas provincial hospital in tarnów. | 2014 | 25848787 |
| euroscore is a predictor of postoperative pericardial effusion following heart transplantation. | pericardial effusion is an early complication following orthotopic heart transplantation. effusion that requires surgical intervention not only prolongs in-hospital stay but also increases early mortality rate. euroscore is one of the most common methods for calculating predictive mortality in heart surgery. | 2015 | 25847682 |
| kibdelomycin is a bactericidal broad-spectrum aerobic antibacterial agent. | bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to grow and pose serious challenges, while the discovery rate for new antibiotics declines. kibdelomycin is a recently discovered natural-product antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting the bacterial dna replication enzymes dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv. it was reported to be a broad-spectrum aerobic gram-positive agent with selective inhibition of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium difficile. we have extended the profiling of kibd ... | 2015 | 25845866 |
| [clostridium difficile colitis]. | c. difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic enteropathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical features ranging from mild uncomplicated diarrhoea to severe debilitating disease, toxic megacolon, or even perforation and sometimes death. risk factors for c. difficile infection (cdi) include age > 65 years, previous hospitalization and recent antibiotic therapy. main virulence factors of c. difficile are toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb). since 2005, a new hypervirulent strain has emerged. this epide ... | 2015 | 25842418 |
| highlighting clinical needs in clostridium difficile infection: the views of european healthcare professionals at the front line. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea in europe. despite increased focus, its incidence and severity are increasing in many european countries. | 2015 | 25842241 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection on hospital readmissions and its potential impact under the hospital readmission reduction program. | both clostridium [corrected] difficile infection (cdi) rates in hospitals and interest in reducing 30-day readmission rates have increased dramatically in the united states. the objective of this study was to characterize the burden of cdi on 30-day hospital readmissions at a tertiary care health-system. | 2015 | 25838133 |
| a universal mariner transposon system for forward genetic studies in the genus clostridium. | dna transposons represent an essential tool in the armoury of the molecular microbiologist. we previously developed a catp-based mini transposon system for clostridium difficile in which the expression of the transposase gene was dependent on a sigma factor unique to c. difficile, tcdr. here we have shown that the host range of the transposon is easily extended through the rapid chromosomal insertion of the tcdr gene at the pyre locus of the intended clostridial target using allele-coupled excha ... | 2015 | 25836262 |
| complicated fecal microbiota transplantation in a tetraplegic patient with severe clostridium difficile infection. | a 65-year-old male suffering from acute spinal cord injury leading to incomplete tetraplegia presented with severe recurrent clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection subsequent to antibiotic treatment for pneumonia. after a history of ineffective antimicrobial therapies, including metronidazole, vancomycin, fidaxomicin, rifaximin and tigecycline, leading to several relapses, the patient underwent colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation from his healthy son. four days subsequent to th ... | 2015 | 25834343 |
| fecal microbiota transplant to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infections. | the prevalence of recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infection has been steadily increasing since 2000. consequently, alternative treatments to the standard antibiotic therapies are now being considered. one alternative treatment is fecal microbiota transplant. although fecal microbiota transplant is relatively new--and not appealing to most people--it has been around for many years and has great promise as an inexpensive, safe, and efficient treatment of refractory and recurrent c di ... | 2015 | 25834008 |
| regional differences in clostridium difficile infections in relation to fluoroquinolone and proton pump inhibitor use, finland, 2008-2011. | several antimicrobial agents and proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have been identified as risk factors for clostridium difficile infections (cdis). nationwide laboratory-based surveillance of cdis in finland since 2008 has shown variation in regional cdi rates. we evaluated whether regional differences in cdi rates were associated with antibacterial and ppi use. | 2015 | 25832317 |
| editorial commentary: clostridium difficile ribotype 027: an intrinsically virulent strain, but clinical virulence remains to be determined at the bedside. | 2015 | 25828996 | |
| clostridium difficile ribotype 027: relationship to age, detectability of toxins a or b in stool with rapid testing, severe infection, and mortality. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can cause severe disease and death, especially in older adults. a better understanding of risk factors for adverse outcomes is needed. this study tests the hypotheses that infection with specific ribotypes and presence of stool toxins independently associate with severity and constructs predictive models of adverse outcomes. | 2015 | 25828993 |
| dynamic changes in short- and long-term bacterial composition following fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) that often fails standard antibiotic therapy. despite its widespread recent use, however, little is known about the stability of the fecal microbiota following fmt. | 2015 | 25825673 |
| [fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infections. framework and pharmaceutical preparation aspects]. | the fecal microbiota transplantation consists in introducing a preparation constituted by a dilution of stools of a healthy donor in the digestive tract of a patient recipient, to restore his intestinal physiological balance. this therapeutic approach was the subject of numerous studies showing its efficiency in the treatment of the recurrent infections with clostridium difficile. the fecal microbiota transplantation has now a high level of clinical evidence, which explains that it appears in va ... | 2015 | 25825054 |
| berberine blocks the relapse of clostridium difficile infection in c57bl/6 mice after standard vancomycin treatment. | vancomycin is a preferred antibiotic for treating clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and has been associated with a rate of recurrence of cdi of as high as 20% in treated patients. recent studies have suggested that berberine, an alternative medical therapy for gastroenteritis and diarrhea, exhibits several beneficial effects, including induction of anti-inflammatory responses and restoration of the intestinal barrier function. this study investigated the therapeutic effects of berberine on p ... | 2015 | 25824219 |
| rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of c. difficile in stool samples. | a rapid test to diagnose clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on hospital wards could minimize common but critical diagnostic delay. field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (faims) is a portable mass spectrometry instrument that quickly analyses the chemical composition of gaseous mixtures (e.g., above a stool sample). can faims accurately distinguish c. difficile-positive from -negative stool samples? | 2015 | 25823766 |
| infections and antimicrobial use among institutionalized residents in hungary: increasing need of microbiological surveillance. | as a result of the age-related changes, more elders live in long-term care facilities (ltcfs). due to their susceptibility, infections and excess use of antimicrobials are common. the aim was to estimate the burden of infections and antimicrobial use in hungarian ltcfs in order to increase the attention given to the prevention. european-wide point prevalence survey was conducted between april and may 2013. for each resident who had a signs and symptoms of an infection and/or treated with an anti ... | 2015 | 25823452 |
| saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of hospital onset clostridium difficile infection. | probiotics, including saccharomyces boulardii, have been advocated for the prevention of clostridium difficile infection. the aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of the removal of s. boulardii from an automatic antibiotic order set and hospital formulary on hospital onset c. difficile infection rates. | 2015 | 25822430 |
| the epidemiology and economic burden of clostridium difficile infection in korea. | the prevalence of clostridium difficile infection and the associated burden have recently increased in many countries. while the main risk factors for c. difficile infection include old age and antibiotic use, the prevalence of this infection is increasing in low-risk groups. these trends highlight the need for research on c. difficile infection. this study pointed out the prevalence and economic burden of c. difficile infection and uses the representative national data which is primarily from t ... | 2015 | 25821807 |
| insight into alteration of gut microbiota in clostridium difficile infection and asymptomatic c. difficile colonization. | clostridium difficile is well recognized as the common pathogen of nosocomial diarrhea, meanwhile, asymptomatic colonization with c. difficile in part of the population has also drawn public attention. although gut microbiota is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of c. difficile infection (cdi), whether there is any alteration of gut microbial composition in asymptomatic c. difficile carriers hasn't been clearly described. the purpose of this study was to explore the differences ... | 2015 | 25817005 |
| complete genome sequence of the hypervirulent bacterium clostridium difficile strain g46, ribotype 027. | clostridium difficile is one of the leading causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in health care facilities worldwide. here, we report the genome sequence of c. difficile strain g46, ribotype 027, isolated from an outbreak in glamorgan, wales, in 2006. | 2015 | 25814591 |
| infectious diseases society of america or american college of gastroenterology guidelines for treatment of clostridium difficile infection: which one to follow? | 2015 | 25812639 | |
| proton pump inhibition may promote clostridium difficile recurrences. | 2015 | 25812637 | |
| evaluation of the qiagen artus c. difficile qs-rgq kit for detection of clostridium difficile toxins a and b in clinical stool specimens. | we compared the qiagen artus c. difficile qs-rgq kit, a new nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of clostridium difficile toxins in stool specimens, with the cepheid xpert c. difficile test. the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the qiagen artus c. difficile qs-rgq test were 100%, 89.5%, 60.9%, and 100%, and those for the cepheid xpert c. difficile test were 100%, 90%, 62.2%, and 100%, respectively. | 2015 | 25809977 |
| exposure to gastric acid-suppression therapy is associated with health care- and community-associated clostridium difficile infection in children. | the aim of the study was to determine whether gastric acid-suppression therapy is associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in both inpatient and outpatient pediatric populations. | 2015 | 25806678 |