Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| fluoroquinolones compared with beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | the presumed superiority of newer fluoroquinolones for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis is based on laboratory data but has not yet been established on clinical grounds. | 2008 | 18362380 |
| moraxella catarrhalis expresses an unusual hfq protein. | the hfq protein is recognized as a global regulatory molecule that facilitates certain rna-rna interactions in bacteria. blast analysis identified a 630-nucleotide open reading frame in the genome of moraxella catarrhalis atcc 43617 that was highly conserved among m. catarrhalis strains and which encoded a predicted protein with significant homology to the hfq protein of escherichia coli. this protein, containing 210 amino acids, was more than twice as large as the hfq proteins previously descri ... | 2008 | 18362134 |
| telithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. | acute bacterial sinusitis (abs), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb), and community-acquired pneumonia (cap) are common conditions and constitute a substantial socioeconomic burden. the ketolides are a new class of antibacterials with a targeted spectrum of antibacterial activity. in vitro, telithromycin is active against common bacterial pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including some isolates that are resistant to other antibiotic classes. in 2004 ... | 2006 | 18360582 |
| clinical and laboratory aspects of moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia in children. | moraxella catarrhalis is an uncommon cause of bacteremia in children. we present 17 children with m. catarrhalis bacteremia. most patients were <2 years old (76.4%), immunocompetent (82.3%), and had concomitant lower respiratory symptoms (76.5%). moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia occurs in young immunocompetent children and is frequently associated with lower respiratory tract symptomatology. | 2008 | 18360302 |
| antimicrobial activity of cefditoren tested against contemporary (2004-2006) isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the united states. | among orally administered cephalosporins, aminopenicillins (+/- clavulanate), and macrolides, cefditoren was the most potent agent against haemophilus influenzae (mic(50/90), < or =0.008/0.03 microg/ml; 316 isolates including 100 beta-lactamase-positive and 10 beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant [blnar]) and was 32-, 64-, and 512-fold more potent than cefdinir, cefuroxime, and cefprozil, respectively. cefditoren (mic(50), 0.03 microg/ml) was also > or =32-fold more active against blnar ... | 2008 | 18353594 |
| the antibacterial and antifungal properties of trappin-2 (pre-elafin) do not depend on its protease inhibitory function. | trappin-2 (also known as pre-elafin) is an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases and is involved in the control of excess proteolysis, especially in inflammatory events, along with the structurally related secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor. secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor has been shown to have antibacterial and antifungal properties, whereas recent data indicate that trappin-2 has antimicrobial activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. in t ... | 2008 | 18341586 |
| factors associated with the presence of drug-resistant bacteria and recurrent acute otitis media in children--a study in a private clinic. | the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria was lower than previous reports. in children with acute otitis media (aom), lower age, presence of multiple bacteria, and otitis media with effusion (ome) represented significant factors for recurrent aom and the presence of drug-resistant bacteria. | 2007 | 18340553 |
| a unique glycosyltransferase involved in the initial assembly of moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharides. | moraxella catarrhalis express three predominant forms of lipooligosaccharide (los) molecules on the bacterial surface. these major glycolipids contain specific carbohydrate epitopes that distinguish each glycoform into serotype a, b, or c los. all three serotypes, however, share a common glucose containing inner-core structure, consisting of an alpha-glucose attached to 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (kdo), which is unique among gram-negative bacteria. many of the los glycosyltransferase genes ( ... | 2008 | 18337458 |
| impact of infections and normal flora in nonhuman primates on drug development. | preclinical safety studies that are required for the marketing approval of a pharmaceutical include single and repeat dose studies in rodent and nonrodent species. the use of nonhuman primates (nhps), primarily macaques, as the nonrodent species has increased in recent years, in part due to the increase in development of biopharmaceuticals and immunomodulatory agents. depending on the source of the macaques, they may vary in genetic background, normal flora, and/or the incidence of preexisting p ... | 2008 | 18323580 |
| use of cethromycin, a new ketolide, for treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections. | the ketolides are a subclass of macrolides, which were designed specifically to overcome macrolide-resistant respiratory pathogens. ketolides lack the cladinose sugar, which is replaced with a 3-ketone group. ketolides bind to a secondary region on domain ii of the 23s rrna subunit. telithromycin was the first ketolide to be approved by the fda in 2004 for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) and sinusitis. however, in 2006, after repo ... | 2008 | 18321237 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolates in eight central, east and baltic european countries in 2005-06: results of the cefditoren surveillance study. | 2008 | 18316820 | |
| in vitro activities of the rx-01 oxazolidinones against hospital and community pathogens. | rx-01_423 and rx-01_667 are two members of the family of oxazolidinones that were designed using a combination of computational and medicinal chemistry and conventional biological techniques. the compounds have a two- to eightfold-improved potency over linezolid against serious gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), multidrug-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. this enhanced potency extends to the coverage of linezolid-res ... | 2008 | 18316525 |
| use of pharmacodynamic endpoints for the evaluation of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. | sinusitis remains 1 of the most common reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions in the united states, with health care costs approaching $4 billion annually. we utilized the serial sinus aspirate sampling (ssas) technique to obtain daily specimens to evaluate the time course of drug effect in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. eighteen patients with a radiologically confirmed acute maxillary sinusitis were enrolled into a study evaluating the relationship between levofloxacin exposure and t ... | 2008 | 18313879 |
| acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and otitis media: changes in pathogenicity following widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media are two of the most common respiratory tract infections. the common pathogenic bacteria associated with these infections are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus. with the recent widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, there is evidence that there is a shift of both the pneumococcal serotypes and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria. the purpose of this article was to ... | 2008 | 18312870 |
| functional mapping of an oligomeric autotransporter adhesin of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. | extracellular matrix protein adhesin a (emaa) is a 202-kda nonfimbrial adhesin, which mediates the adhesion of the oral pathogen aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to collagen. emaa oligomers form surface antenna-like protrusions consisting of a long helical rod with an ellipsoidal ending. the functional analysis of in-frame emaa deletion mutants has located the collagen binding activity to the amino terminus of the protein corresponding to amino acids 70 to 386. the level of collagen binding ... | 2008 | 18310342 |
| mouse models for the study of mucosal vaccination against otitis media. | otitis media (om) is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. the pathogenesis of om involves nasopharyngeal (np) colonization and retrograde ascension of the pathogen up the eustachian tube into the middle ear (me). due to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for vaccines to prevent infections caused by the most common causes of bacterial om, including nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. current vacci ... | 2008 | 18295938 |
| canadian thoracic society recommendations for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2008 update - highlights for primary care. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major respiratory illness in canada that is preventable and treatable but unfortunately remains underdiagnosed. the purpose of the present article from the canadian thoracic society is to provide up-to-date information so that patients with this condition receive optimal care that is firmly based on scientific evidence. important summary messages for clinicians are derived from the more detailed update publication and are highlighted throughout t ... | 2008 | 18292855 |
| acute bronchitis. | 2008 | 18272643 | |
| pneumocystis: a novel pathogen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) results in significant morbidity and mortality. smoking has long been recognized as the primary risk factor for development of copd, but factors determining the severity or pattern of disease in smokers are largely unknown. recent interest has focused on the potential role of infectious agents and the associated host response in accelerating progression of airway obstruction or in perpetuating its progression following discontinuation of tobacco expos ... | 2008 | 18259974 |
| population-based survey of invasive bacterial diseases, greenland, 1995-2004. | invasive bacterial disease occurs frequently among native populations in the arctic. although a variety of bacteria are involved in invasive bacterial disease in greenland, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and other staphylococci are responsible for most cases (69%); incidence varies according to region and ethnicity. | 2008 | 18258083 |
| purification of alpha1-antichymotrypsin from human plasma with recombinant m. catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein a1. | alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (act) inhibits chymotrypsin-like enzymes, particularly neutrophil cathepsin g. moreover, act in its native form suppresses chemotaxis of neutrophils and decreases neutrophil production of superoxide radicals. we recently showed that moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein (usp) a1 is able to specifically bind act in the context of a novel virulence mechanism. in this study, we report that recombinant uspa1(557-704) coupled to cnbr-sepharose can be used in a simp ... | 2008 | 18242635 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces cox-2 and pge2 expression in lung epithelial cells via activation of p38 mapk and nf-kappa b. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an important respiratory pathogen implicated as an infectious trigger in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but its molecular interaction with human lung epithelial cells remains unclear. herein, we tested that the hypothesis that nthi induces the expression of cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor (nf)-kappa b in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. | 2008 | 18237405 |
| new diagnostic real-time pcr for specific detection of parachlamydia acanthamoebae dna in clinical samples. | given the low sensitivity of amoebal coculture, we developed a specific real-time pcr for the detection of parachlamydia. the analytical sensitivity was high, and the inter- and intrarun variabilities were low. when the pcr was applied to nasopharyngeal aspirates, it was positive for six patients with bronchiolitis. future studies should assess the role of parachlamydia in bronchiolitis. | 2008 | 18234873 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against haemophilus influenzae at epithelial lining fluid concentrations. | haemophilus influenzae is one of the main aetiological agents of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of telithromycin against h. influenzae clinical isolates showing different pattern of resistance in comparison with azithromycin and clarithromycin at 1/4 x, 1/2 x, 1 x, 2 x, 4 x minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and to peak concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (elf). the secondary aim was to determine ... | 2008 | 18230154 |
| bacterial lysate in the prevention of acute exacerbation of copd and in respiratory recurrent infections. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) represent a serious problem because they are one of the most common cause of human death by infection. the search for the treatment of those diseases has therefore a great importance. in this study we provide an overview of the currently available treatments for rtis with particular attention to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases exacerbations and recurrent respiratory infections therapy and a description of bacterial lysate action, in particular making re ... | 2007 | 18229572 |
| moxifloxacin in the management of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and copd. | bacteria are isolated in more than 50% of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (cb) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the most prevalent respiratory pathogens include gram-positive (streptococcus pneumoniae) and gram-negative (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis) microorganims. moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that has been shown to be effective against respiratory pathogens, including atypicals and those resistant to most common antibiotics. the bioav ... | 2007 | 18229559 |
| mining the moraxella catarrhalis genome: identification of potential vaccine antigens expressed during human infection. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of respiratory infections in adults and otitis media in children. developing an effective vaccine would reduce the morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with such infections. an unfinished genome sequence of a strain of m. catarrhalis available in the genbank database was analyzed, and open reading frames predicted to encode potential vaccine candidates were identified. three genes encoding proteins having molecular masses of approximately 22, 75, ... | 2008 | 18227159 |
| moraxella osloensis gene expression in the slug host deroceras reticulatum. | the bacterium moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slug-parasitic nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. in nature, p. hermaphrodita vectors m. osloensis into the shell cavity of the slug host deroceras reticulatum in which the bacteria multiply and kill the slug. as m. osloensis is the main killing agent, genes expressed by m. osloensis in the slug are likely to play important roles in virulence. studies on pathogenic interactions between bacteria and lower order hosts are few, ... | 2008 | 18226222 |
| the iron stimulon of xylella fastidiosa includes genes for type iv pilus and colicin v-like bacteriocins. | xylella fastidiosa is the etiologic agent of a wide range of plant diseases, including citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), a major threat to citrus industry. the genomes of several strains of this phytopathogen were completely sequenced, enabling large-scale functional studies. dna microarrays representing 2,608 (91.6%) coding sequences (cds) of x. fastidiosa cvc strain 9a5c were used to investigate transcript levels during growth with different iron availabilities. when treated with the iron che ... | 2008 | 18223091 |
| role of staphylococcus aureus catalase in niche competition against streptococcus pneumoniae. | nasal colonization by staphylococcus aureus is a major predisposing factor for subsequent infection. recent reports of increased s. aureus colonization among children receiving pneumococcal vaccine implicate streptococcus pneumoniae as an important competitor for the same niche. since s. pneumoniae uses h2o2 to kill competing bacteria, we hypothesized that oxidant defense could play a significant role in promoting s. aureus colonization of the nasal mucosa. using targeted mutagenesis, we showed ... | 2008 | 18223076 |
| [moraxella catarrhalis endocarditis in an immunocompetent adult]. | 2008 | 18221679 | |
| association of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during upper respiratory tract infection and the development of acute otitis media. | acute otitis media occurs mostly after upper respiratory tract infection; the causative bacteria are those colonized in the nasopharynx. we studied 709 episodes of upper respiratory tract infection and found that children with no bacteria in the nasopharynx were at low risk for acute otitis media, whereas children with 3 pathogenic bacteria were at the greatest risk. | 2008 | 18205533 |
| do bacteria promote asthma? | 2008 | 18197283 | |
| trends in antibacterial resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the usa: update from protekt us years 1-4. | the increasing prevalence of resistance to established antibiotics among key bacterial respiratory tract pathogens, such as streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major healthcare problem in the usa. the protekt us study is a longitudinal surveillance study designed to monitor the susceptibility of key respiratory tract pathogens in the usa to a range of commonly used antimicrobials. here, we assess the geographic and temporal trends in antibacterial resistance of s. pneumoniae isolates from patients wi ... | 2008 | 18190701 |
| differential regulation of moraxella catarrhalis-induced interleukin-8 response by protein kinase c isoforms. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. in pulmonary epithelial cells, m. catarrhalis induces release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (il)-8, which plays a pivotal role in orchestrating airway inflammation. the present study demonstrated that protein kinase (pk)c was activated by moraxella infection and positively regulated m. catarrhalis-triggered nuclear factor (nf)-kappab activation and subsequent il-8 release. activ ... | 2008 | 18184679 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of 80 moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated in the children's hospital of tunis]. | eighty non-repetitive strains of moraxella catarrhalis, isolated in tunis children's hospital during five years from 1998 to 2002, were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility, 95% of these strains were isolated from lung samples: 57.5% from trachea products, 35% from sputum and 2.5% from bronchial washings. the majority of strains (72%) were obtained from children under two years old. antimicrobial susceptibility study showed that 95% of stains were beta-lactamase-producing, therefore the ... | 2008 | 18178028 |
| [comparison of culture and polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in cerebrospinal fluids and middle ear effusions]. | although the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy, both otitis media with effusion (ome) and acute bacterial meningitis (abm) are still important infections for children, leading serious health problems. the most frequently isolated bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of abm patients are haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae, and middle ear effusion (mee) samples of ome patients are h. influenzae, s. pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, r ... | 2007 | 18173067 |
| effects of the in vivo supply of butyrate on histone acetylation of cecum in piglets. | in vitro, butyrate inhibits histone deacetylase and down-regulates expression of cyclin d1. we hypothesized that an increased entry rate of butyrate into the cecal lumen would have similar effects in vivo. | 2008 | 18165447 |
| bacterial extracts for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a point of view. | given the high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), the impact of exacerbations on quality of life, and the costs incurred, effective ways for the prevention of exacerbations, and for reductions in the severity and duration of copd symptoms are needed. bacterial immunostimulation has been advocated as a management strategy in copd for the purposes of preventing acute exacerbations. in particular, it suggests that the use of oral multicomponent vaccines may reduce the sever ... | 2008 | 18164190 |
| seasonal distribution of otitis media pathogens among costa rican children. | otitis media is an important cause of pediatric consultation, and knowledge of yearly pathogen distribution might improve antimicrobial selection. | 2008 | 18162931 |
| symptom profile of common colds in school-aged children. | signs and symptoms of a common cold reported in young children are those perceived by caretakers. objective signs include cough, fever, and sneezing. subjective symptoms include nasal congestion, feverishness, headache, and sore throat. school-aged children may provide a more accurate picture of the symptom profile during colds because they can self-report. | 2008 | 18162930 |
| effects of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on telithromycin pharmacokinetics in rats: inhibition of metabolism via cyp3a. | it has been reported that telithromycin is metabolized primarily via hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a1/2 in rats and that the expression of hepatic and intestinal cyp3a decreases in rats pretreated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (eclps rats; an animal model of inflammation). thus, it is possible that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (auc 0-infinity) of intravenous and oral telithromycin is greater for eclps rats than for the controls. t ... | 2008 | 18160519 |
| effects of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on telithromycin pharmacokinetics in rats: inhibition of metabolism via cyp3a. | it has been reported that telithromycin is metabolized primarily via hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a1/2 in rats and that the expression of hepatic and intestinal cyp3a decreases in rats pretreated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (eclps rats; an animal model of inflammation). thus, it is possible that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (auc 0-infinity) of intravenous and oral telithromycin is greater for eclps rats than for the controls. t ... | 2008 | 18160519 |
| legionnaires' disease - results of a multicentre canadian study. | there has never been a cross-canada surveillance project to determine the rate of legionella species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization and to determine whether there are any regional differences in the rates of legionnaires' disease in canada. anecdotally, legionnaires' disease is thought to be uncommon in western canada. | 2003 | 18159449 |
| outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in paediatric oncology patients. | to determine the outcome of paediatric oncology patients with positive blood cultures. | 2002 | 18159414 |
| antimicrobial resistance in canada: update on activities of the canadian committee on antibiotic resistance. | 2002 | 18159395 | |
| a critical review of oxazolidinones: an alternative or replacement for glycopeptides and streptogramins? | to review the available data on the oxazolidinones linezolid and eperezolid. | 2001 | 18159365 |
| macrolides: a canadian infectious disease society position paper. | since the introduction of erythromycin in 1965, no new compounds from the macrolide antimicrobial class were licensed in canada until the 1990s. clarithromycin and azithromycin, since their introduction, have become important agents for treating a number of common and uncommon infectious diseases. they have become prime agents in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, and have revolutionized the management of both genital chlamydial infections, by the use of single-dose therapy with azit ... | 2001 | 18159344 |
| explosive pleuritis. | the objective of the present paper is to describe the clinical and computed tomography features of 'explosive pleuritis', an entity first named by braman and donat in 1986, and to propose a case definition. a case report of a previously healthy, 45-year-old man admitted to hospital with acute onset pleuritic chest pain is presented. the patient arrived at the emergency room at 15:00 in mild respiratory distress; the initial chest x-ray revealed a small right lower lobe effusion. the subsequent c ... | 2001 | 18159325 |
| summary of canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the canadian infectious disease society and the canadian thoracic society. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious illness with a significant impact on individual patients and society as a whole. over the past several years, there have been significant advances in the knowledge and understanding of the etiology of the disease, and an appreciation of problems such as mixed infections and increasing antimicrobial resistance. the development of additional fluoroquinolone agents with enhanced activity against streptococcus pneumoniae has been important as well.it w ... | 2000 | 18159296 |
| moraxella-dependent alpha 1-antichymotrypsin neutralization: a unique virulence mechanism. | the acute phase reactant and protease inhibitor alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin is considered to play a protective role in the airways, but whether it interacts with respiratory bacteria is not known. we analyzed whether the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and other bacterial species interact with antichymotrypsin. m. catarrhalis was the only species that bound antichymotrypsin among 25 bacterial species tested by flow cytometry and ... | 2008 | 18096871 |
| diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. | diagnostic criteria for acute otitis media include rapid onset of symptoms, middle ear effusion, and signs and symptoms of middle ear inflammation. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacterial isolates from the middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media. fever, otalgia, headache, irritability, cough, rhinitis, listlessness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and pulling at the ears are common, but nonspecific symptoms. detection o ... | 2007 | 18092706 |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | 2008 | 18086818 | |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | 2008 | 18086818 | |
| binding of dr adhesins of escherichia coli to carcinoembryonic antigen triggers receptor dissociation. | carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) are host receptors for the dr family of adhesins of escherichia coli. to define the mechanism for binding of dr adhesins to ceacam receptors, we carried out structural studies on the n-terminal domain of cea and its complex with the dr adhesin. the crystal structure of cea reveals a dimer similar to other dimers formed by receptors with igv-like domains. the structure of the cea/dr adhesin complex is proposed based on nmr s ... | 2008 | 18086185 |
| binding of dr adhesins of escherichia coli to carcinoembryonic antigen triggers receptor dissociation. | carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) are host receptors for the dr family of adhesins of escherichia coli. to define the mechanism for binding of dr adhesins to ceacam receptors, we carried out structural studies on the n-terminal domain of cea and its complex with the dr adhesin. the crystal structure of cea reveals a dimer similar to other dimers formed by receptors with igv-like domains. the structure of the cea/dr adhesin complex is proposed based on nmr s ... | 2008 | 18086185 |
| a multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot hybridization (mpcr/rlb) assay for detection of bacterial respiratory pathogens in children with pneumonia. | to develop and evaluate a novel method for simultaneous identification of 12 potential bacterial pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia. | 2008 | 18085683 |
| acute otitis media. | 2007 | 18077757 | |
| pathogen-directed therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are important events in the natural history of this chronic lung disorder. these events can be caused by a large number of infectious and noninfectious agents and are associated with an increased local and systemic inflammatory response. their frequency and severity have been linked to progressive deterioration in lung function and health status. infectious pathogens ranging from viral to atypical and typical bacteria have been ... | 2007 | 18073397 |
| microbiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the gulf corporation council states. | in spite of advances in microbiological and serological investigations over the last two decades, etiological attribution remains difficult in community-acquired pneumonia (cap). even after exhaustive investigation, the etiology of cap remains unknown in up to 50% of patients. common pathogens include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in addition, several investigators document the importance of atypical pathogens including mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamyd ... | 2007 | 18073166 |
| outer membrane protein uspa1 and lipooligosaccharide are involved in invasion of human epithelial cells by moraxella catarrhalis. | invasion of non-professional phagocytes is a strategy employed by several mucosal pathogens, but has not been investigated in detail for moraxella catarrhalis, a major cause of human respiratory tract infections. we investigated the role of outer membrane protein (omp) uspa1 and lipooligosaccharide (los) in m. catarrhalis invasion into epithelial cells. an isogenic mutant of strain o35e, which lacked expression of the uspa1 adhesin, demonstrated not only severely impaired adherence (86%) to but ... | 2008 | 18069032 |
| moraxella catarrhalis synthesizes an autotransporter that is an acid phosphatase. | moraxella catarrhalis o35e was shown to synthesize a 105-kda protein that has similarity to both acid phosphatases and autotransporters. the n-terminal portion of the m. catarrhalis acid phosphatase a (mapa) was most similar (the blast probability score was 10(-10)) to bacterial class a nonspecific acid phosphatases. the central region of the mapa protein had similarity to passenger domains of other autotransporter proteins, whereas the c-terminal portion of mapa resembled the translocation doma ... | 2008 | 18065547 |
| newer fluoroquinolones in the treatment of acute exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations of copd are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. bacteria are implicated in about half of all cases. the frequency of exacerbations is related to decline in lung function and poorer quality of life. 25% of patients with copd have bacterial colonization of the lower airways in stable state whereas non-smokers without copd have airways that are sterile. the significance of the colonization is unclear, but there is emerging evidence that it may be detrimental. much of the d ... | 2006 | 18046861 |
| a brief review of moxifloxacin in the treatment of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains a common cause of morbidity and a potentially life-threatening illness throughout the world mainly in elderly patients. initial antibacterial treatment, usually empirical, should be as effective as possible in order to assure rapid clinical resolution and reduce high rates of hospitalization and mortality especially affecting aged patients. new fluoroquinolones with potent activity against the most important respiratory pathogens including streptococcus ... | 2007 | 18044134 |
| pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | none of the drugs currently available for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are able to reduce the progressive decline in lung function which is the hallmark of this disease. smoking cessation is the only intervention that has proved effective. the current pharmacological treatment of copd is symptomatic and is mainly based on bronchodilators, such as selective beta2-adrenergic agonists (short- and long-acting), anticholinergics, theophylline, or a combination of these drugs. glucocor ... | 2006 | 18044097 |
| prulifloxacin: a brief review of its potential in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and their impact on public health is increasing. the new fluoroquinolones have an excellent spectrum providing cover for the most important respiratory pathogens, including atypical and "typical" pathogens. not surprisingly, different guidelines have inserted these agents among the drugs of choice in the empirical therapy of aecb. the pharmacokine ... | 2007 | 18044063 |
| increasing penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in nasopharyngeal streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from guatemalan children, 2001--2006. | we aimed to determine nasopharyngeal colonization rates and antibiotic resistance patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from guatemalan children, and to determine risk factors for colonization and antibiotic nonsusceptibility. | 2008 | 18035570 |
| increasing penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in nasopharyngeal streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from guatemalan children, 2001--2006. | we aimed to determine nasopharyngeal colonization rates and antibiotic resistance patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from guatemalan children, and to determine risk factors for colonization and antibiotic nonsusceptibility. | 2008 | 18035570 |
| [efficacy and safety of potassium clavulanate/amoxicillin (clavamox) dry syrup in children with otitis media]. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clavamox dry syrup (potassium clavulanate/amoxicillin) in children with otitis media, we conducted a postmarketing surveillance from february to september 2006. the analysis was made on the basis of 470 survey sheets collected from 127 medical institutions, of which we investigated 455 cases for safety, and 433 cases for efficacy. the efficacy was 95.2% in the 433 subjects eligible for the efficacy analysis. the clinical improvement rates for major symptoms ... | 2007 | 18018419 |
| interventions for prevention of otitis media may be most effective if implemented in the first weeks of life. | for indigenous australian children living in remote communities, onset of otitis media commences within weeks of birth and is associated with early nasopharyngeal colonisation with multiple respiratory bacterial pathogens: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the high prevalence of eardrum perforation and the failure of standard therapies to cure or prevent om in this population require urgent attention. the objective of this study was to measure the chang ... | 2008 | 18006084 |
| the clinical development and launch of amoxicillin/clavulanate for the treatment of a range of community-acquired infections. | by the 1960s and 1970s, problems in the antibacterial treatment of infections had begun to emerge. previously active antibacterials were being compromised by the development of resistance. beta-lactamase production was identified in isolates of staphylococci, and, amongst others, in escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the discovery of the potent beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid, and its protective effect on amoxicillin, a semi-synthetic ... | 2007 | 17997283 |
| staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common health problem in the united states. appropriate recommendations for the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are based on the prevalence and expected antimicrobial susceptibilities of specific pathogens. | 2007 | 17968816 |
| postoperative pneumonia after major pulmonary resections: an unsolved problem in thoracic surgery. | antibiotics currently recommended for prophylaxis in thoracic surgery are first-generation and second-generation cephalosporins. despite this prophylaxis, postoperative pneumonia after major pulmonary resections remains frequent and severe. however, in the medical literature, the origin of these infections is poorly documented. | 2007 | 17954082 |
| antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in primary care. | 2007 | 17947743 | |
| global and local variations in antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance development in the major respiratory pathogens. | acute respiratory tract infections, such as bacterial pneumonia and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, have been identified by the world health organisation as the leading global infectious cause of death. an increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been identified worldwide in the three major bacterial respiratory pathogens -streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. the selection and spread of resistance is to some degree inevitable and the im ... | 2007 | 17945468 |
| species-specific evolution of immune receptor tyrosine based activation motif-containing ceacam1-related immune receptors in the dog. | although the impact of pathogens on the evolution of the mammalian immune system is still under debate, proteins, which both regulate immune responses and serve as cellular receptors for pathogens should be at the forefront of pathogen-driven host evolution. the cea (carcinoembryonic antigen) gene family codes for such proteins and indeed shows tremendous species-specific variation between human and rodents. since little is known about the cea gene family in other lineages of placental mammals, ... | 2007 | 17945019 |
| a carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 homologue plays a pivotal role in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae colonization of the chinchilla nasopharynx via the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin. | in vitro studies suggest an important role for ceacam1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) in infection by multiple gram-negative bacteria. however, in vivo evidence supporting this role is lacking, largely because the bacterial adhesins involved in this host-microbe association do not bind to murine-derived ceacam1. one of several adhesins expressed by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin (or p5), is essential for co ... | 2008 | 17938212 |
| a carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 homologue plays a pivotal role in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae colonization of the chinchilla nasopharynx via the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin. | in vitro studies suggest an important role for ceacam1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) in infection by multiple gram-negative bacteria. however, in vivo evidence supporting this role is lacking, largely because the bacterial adhesins involved in this host-microbe association do not bind to murine-derived ceacam1. one of several adhesins expressed by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin (or p5), is essential for co ... | 2008 | 17938212 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone. | dc-159a is a new 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone that possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, with extended activity against gram-positive pathogens, especially streptococci and staphylococci from patients with community-acquired infections. dc-159a showed activity against streptococcus spp. (mic(90), 0.12 microg/ml) and inhibited the growth of 90% of levofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant strains at 1 microg/ml. the mic 90s of dc-159a against staphylococcus spp. were 0.5 microg/ml or ... | 2008 | 17938194 |
| in vitro activity of dc-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. | dc-159a yielded mics of <or=1 mug/ml against 316 strains of both quinolone-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (resistance was defined as a levofloxacin mic >or=4 microg/ml). although the mics for dc-159a against quinolone-susceptible pneumococci were a few dilutions higher than those of gemifloxacin, the mics of these two compounds against 28 quinolone-resistant pneumococci were identical. the dc-159a mics against quinolone-resistant strains did not appear to depend on the number or the type ... | 2008 | 17938189 |
| in vitro activity of dc-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. | dc-159a yielded mics of <or=1 mug/ml against 316 strains of both quinolone-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (resistance was defined as a levofloxacin mic >or=4 microg/ml). although the mics for dc-159a against quinolone-susceptible pneumococci were a few dilutions higher than those of gemifloxacin, the mics of these two compounds against 28 quinolone-resistant pneumococci were identical. the dc-159a mics against quinolone-resistant strains did not appear to depend on the number or the type ... | 2008 | 17938189 |
| childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates. | pathological features of the airway in young children with severe recurrent wheeze suggest an association between bacterial colonization and the initiating events of early asthma. we conducted a study to investigate a possible association between bacterial colonization of the hypopharynx in asymptomatic neonates and later development of recurrent wheeze, asthma, and allergy during the first 5 years of life. | 2007 | 17928596 |
| role of albumin coating of tympanostomy tubes: long-term clinical evaluation. | our previous work has shown that albumin coating of tympanostomy tubes prevented adhesion of proteins or bacteria on the tube surface in vitro and in a 9-month prospective follow-up study. this study was continued until all tubes were extruded. | 2007 | 17921900 |
| a conserved glycine residue of trimeric autotransporter domains plays a key role in yersinia adhesin a autotransport. | the yersinia adhesin a (yada) is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin of enteric yersiniae. it consists of three major domains: a head mediating adherence to host cells, a stalk involved in serum resistance, and an anchor that forms a membrane pore and is responsible for the autotransport function. the anchor contains a glycine residue, nearly invariant throughout trimeric autotransporter adhesins, that faces the pore lumen. to address the role of this glycine, we replaced it with polar amino acid ... | 2007 | 17921300 |
| oral garenoxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: a phase ii, multicenter, noncomparative, open-label study in adult patients undergoing sinus aspiration. | garenoxacin is a des-f(6)-quinolone with in vitro activity against key respiratory pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis. limited data are available regarding the effect of garenoxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | 2007 | 17919545 |
| national and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 u.s. faropenem surveillance study. | surveillance studies conducted in the united states over the last decade have revealed increasing resistance among community-acquired respiratory pathogens, especially streptococcus pneumoniae, that may limit future options for empirical therapy. the objective of this study was to assess the scope and magnitude of the problem at the national and regional levels during the 2005-2006 respiratory season (the season when community-acquired respiratory pathogens are prevalent) in the united states. a ... | 2007 | 17908940 |
| contribution of moraxella catarrhalis type iv pili to nasopharyngeal colonization and biofilm formation. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative mucosal pathogen of the human respiratory tract. although little information is available regarding the initial steps of m. catarrhalis pathogenesis, this organism must be able to colonize the human mucosal surface in order to initiate an infection. type iv pili (tfp), filamentous surface appendages primarily comprised of a single protein subunit termed pilin, play a crucial role in the initiation of disease by a wide range of bacteria. we previously iden ... | 2007 | 17908808 |
| biomimetic total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of anachelin h. | the first biomimetic total synthesis of the iron chelator anachelin h isolated from the cyanobacterium anabaena cylindrica is reported. a first generation approach delivered one enantiomeric series of the polyketide fragment. comparison of the 1h nmr data suggested the relative configuration of this anachelin fragment. the relative and absolute configuration of anachelin h was then established by total synthesis. a second generation approach involved the enzymatic conversion of n,n-dimethyltyram ... | 2007 | 17902695 |
| the dynamics of bacteria in the middle ear during the course of acute otitis media with tympanostomy tube otorrhea. | dynamics of bacteria during acute otitis media (aom) has not been thoroughly studied because it requires repeated tympanocentesis. aom with tympanostomy tube otorrhea provides a unique opportunity to study the appearance and disappearance of pathogens during the course of the disease without stressing the child. | 2007 | 17901793 |
| identification of upper respiratory tract pathogens using electrochemical detection on an oligonucleotide microarray. | bacterial and viral upper respiratory infections (uri) produce highly variable clinical symptoms that cannot be used to identify the etiologic agent. proper treatment, however, depends on correct identification of the pathogen involved as antibiotics provide little or no benefit with viral infections. here we describe a rapid and sensitive genotyping assay and microarray for uri identification using standard amplification and hybridization techniques, with electrochemical detection (ecd) on a se ... | 2007 | 17895966 |
| the rise and spread of a new pathogen: seroresistant moraxella catarrhalis. | the nosocomial human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is one the most important agents of human respiratory tract infections. this species is composed of two distinct lineages, one of only moderate virulence, the so-called serosensitive subpopulation, and a second, the seroresistant one, which is enriched among strains that harbor two major virulence traits: complement resistance and adherence to epithelial cells. using a suite of population genetics tools, we show that the seroresistant lineage i ... | 2007 | 17895425 |
| role of different moieties from the lipooligosaccharide molecule in biological activities of the moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane. | lipooligosaccharide (los), a major component of the outer membrane of moraxella catarrhalis, consists of two major moieties: a lipid a and a core oligosaccharide (os). the core os can be dissected into a linker and three os chains. to gain an insight into the biological activities of the los molecules of m. catarrhalis, we used a random transposon mutagenesis approach with an los specific monoclonal antibody to construct a serotype a o35elgt3 los mutant. maldi-tof-ms of de-o-acylated los from th ... | 2007 | 17892485 |
| a case-control study on risk factors for early-onset respiratory tract infection in patients admitted in icu. | respiratory tract infections are common in intensive care units (icu), with incidences reported from 10 to 65%, and case fatality rates over 20% in pneumonia. this study was designed to identify risk factors for the development of an early onset respiratory tract infection (eri) and to review the microbiological profile and the effectiveness of first intention antibiotic therapy. | 2007 | 17888157 |
| canadian thoracic society recommendations for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2007 update. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major respiratory illness in canada that is both preventable and treatable. our understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex condition continues to grow and our ability to offer effective treatment to those who suffer from it has improved considerably. the purpose of the present educational initiative of the canadian thoracic society (cts) is to provide up to date information on new developments in the field so that patients with this con ... | 2007 | 17885691 |
| [bacterial flora in children with recurrent acute otitis media]. | the aim of the study was to identify microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens from middle ear in children with recurrent acute otitis media and acute otitis media. the study comprised 83 children--42 with recurrent acute otitis media and 41 with acute otitis emdia classified for paracentesis. agar, chocolate, blood and chapman plates were inoculated for isolation of bacteria. the plates were incubated at 37 degrees c and examined at 24 hours. the susceptibility of bacteria ... | 2005 | 17877118 |
| acanthamoeba-campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of campylobacter species. | in this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of campylobacter pathogens. this method, acanthamoeba-campylobacter coculture (acc), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan acanthamoeba polyphaga. four of the campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, and c. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth ra ... | 2007 | 17873069 |
| microbiological aspects of bacterial lower respiratory tract illness in children: typical pathogens. | whilst childhood immunization programmes have had an impact on the spectrum of pneumonic diseases seen in children, bacteria remain an important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), particularly in younger and debilitated children. because of the difficulty in obtaining lower respiratory tract specimens in children, specific diagnosis has often been difficult, although advances in diagnostic techniques have provided a much greater range of tools for the clinician. the challenge is ... | 2007 | 17868918 |
| enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit: associated predictors, risk factors and seasonal patterns. | during and shortly after birth, newborn infants are colonized with enterococci. this study analyzes predictors for early enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit and describes risk factors associated with multidrugresistant enterococci colonization and its seasonal patterns. | 2007 | 17868474 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates indicating possible nosocomial transmission routes in a community hospital in japan. | a clinical study was designed to study streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from a community hospital in japan from april 2001 to november 2002. a total of 73 isolates were defined as derived from inpatient, outpatient, and hospital staff groups. the mic results showed that 20 strains (27.4%) were susceptible to penicillin g, 39 strains (53.4%) had intermediate resistance, and 14 strains (19.2%) had full resistance. low susceptibility to macrolides was also detected: 32.9%, 32.9%, and 34. ... | 2007 | 17855576 |
| a comparison of molecular typing methods for moraxella catarrhalis. | three molecular typing techniques were examined to determine which method was the most discriminatory in order to perform epidemiological typing of moraxella catarrhalis. | 2007 | 17850316 |