Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the relation between helicobacter pylori infection and acute bacterial diarrhea in children. | background. h. pylori infection leads to chronic gastritis in both children and adults. but recently, there are arising theories of its protective effect in diarrheal diseases. aim. to explore the prevalence of h. pylori infection in children with bacterial diarrhea and compare it with healthy controls. patients and methods. two matched groups consisted of 122 consecutive children, aged 24-72 months old, with acute bacterial diarrhea, who had shigellosis (n = 68) and salmonellosis (n = 54) as pa ... | 2014 | 24696690 |
| molecular testing for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of intestinal parasitic infections. | over the past few decades, nucleic acid-based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. advantages of nucleic acid-based methods are numerous; typically, these include increased sensitivity and specificity and simpler standardization of diagnostic procedures. dna samples can also be stored and used for genetic characterization and molecular typing, providing a valuable tool for surveys and surveillance studies. a variety of technologies have been applied, ... | 2014 | 24696439 |
| anti-infective activities of lactobacillus strains in the human intestinal microbiota: from probiotics to gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agents. | a vast and diverse array of microbial species displaying great phylogenic, genomic, and metabolic diversity have colonized the gastrointestinal tract. resident microbes play a beneficial role by regulating the intestinal immune system, stimulating the maturation of host tissues, and playing a variety of roles in nutrition and in host resistance to gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens. the mechanisms by which the resident microbial species combat gastrointestinal pathogens are complex and incl ... | 2014 | 24696432 |
| the reduced genome of the francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) encodes two iron acquisition systems essential for optimal growth and virulence. | bacterial pathogens require multiple iron-specific acquisition systems for survival within the iron-limiting environment of the host. francisella tularensis is a virulent intracellular pathogen that can replicate in multiple cell-types. to study the interrelationship of iron acquisition capability and virulence potential of this organism, we generated single and double deletion mutants within the ferrous iron (feo) and ferric-siderophore (fsl) uptake systems of the live vaccine strain (lvs). the ... | 2014 | 24695402 |
| genotypes, antibiotic resistance, and st-8 genetic clone in campylobacter isolates from sheep and goats in grenada. | rectal swabs from 155 sheep and 252 goats from grenada were evaluated to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp., antibiotic resistance, and multilocus sequence types. fifteen campylobacter isolates were obtained (14 c. jejuni and 1 c. coli). the prevalence (3.7%) did not differ significantly between sheep (4.5%) and goats (3.2%). among the seven antimicrobials tested, resistance was only detected for tetracycline (30.8%) and metronidazole (38.5%). campylobacter isolates showed no signifi ... | 2014 | 24693459 |
| sialic acids in the brain: gangliosides and polysialic acid in nervous system development, stability, disease, and regeneration. | every cell in nature carries a rich surface coat of glycans, its glycocalyx, which constitutes the cell's interface with its environment. in eukaryotes, the glycocalyx is composed of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, the compositions of which vary among different tissues and cell types. many of the linear and branched glycans on cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids of vertebrates are terminated with sialic acids, nine-carbon sugars with a carboxylic acid, a glycerol side-chain ... | 2014 | 24692354 |
| oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. | reactive oxygen species (ros) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ros. ros are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic infections, and inflammatory disorders. disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may ... | 2014 | 24692350 |
| common infection-related conditions and risk of lymphoid malignancies in older individuals. | chronic antigenic stimulation may initiate non-hodgkin (nhl) and hodgkin lymphoma (hl) development. antecedent, infection-related conditions have been associated, but evidence by lymphoproliferative subtype is limited. | 2014 | 24691420 |
| cryptic ecology among host generalist campylobacter jejuni in domestic animals. | homologous recombination between bacterial strains is theoretically capable of preventing the separation of daughter clusters, and producing cohesive clouds of genotypes in sequence space. however, numerous barriers to recombination are known. barriers may be essential such as adaptive incompatibility, or ecological, which is associated with the opportunities for recombination in the natural habitat. campylobacter jejuni is a gut colonizer of numerous animal species and a major human enteric pat ... | 2014 | 24689900 |
| campylobacter infection has different outcomes in fast- and slow-growing broiler chickens. | campylobacter spp. are frequently carried by poultry, but they are not believed to cause significant disease in these animals. modern poultry breeds have been selected to grow rapidly under intensive conditions, but recently, consumers have moved toward purchasing birds produced in higher welfare, free-range or organic systems. birds reared in these systems tend to be a slower growing breed and are fed a different diet. birds reared in such systems are stocked at a lower density compared with th ... | 2013 | 24689180 |
| ankyrin domains across the tree of life. | ankyrin (ank) repeats are one of the most common amino acid sequence motifs that mediate interactions between proteins of myriad sizes, shapes and functions. we assess their widespread abundance in bacteria and archaea for the first time and demonstrate in bacteria that lifestyle, rather than phylogenetic history, is a predictor of ank repeat abundance. unrelated organisms that forge facultative and obligate symbioses with eukaryotes show enrichment for ank repeats in comparison to free-living b ... | 2014 | 24688847 |
| a potential link between environmental triggers and autoimmunity. | autoimmune diseases have registered an alarming rise worldwide in recent years. accumulated evidence indicates that the immune system's ability to distinguish self from nonself is negatively impacted by genetic factors and environmental triggers. genetics is certainly a factor, but since it normally takes a very long time for the human genetic pattern to change enough to register on a worldwide scale, increasingly the attention of studies has been focused on the environmental factors of a rapidl ... | 2014 | 24688790 |
| campylobacter jejuni induces extra-intestinal immune responses via toll-like-receptor-4 signaling in conventional il-10 deficient mice with chronic colitis. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the predominant causes for foodborne bacterial infections worldwide. we investigated whether signaling of c. jejuni-lipoproteins and -lipooligosaccharide via toll-like-receptor (tlr) -2 and -4, respectively, is inducing intestinal and extra-intestinal immune responses following infection of conventional il-10(-/-) mice with chronic colitis. at day 3 following oral infection, il-10(-/-) mice lacking tlr-2 or tlr-4 harbored comparable c. jejuni strain atcc 43431 load ... | 2012 | 24688768 |
| prevalence of virulence genes in strains of campylobacter jejuni isolated from human, bovine and broiler. | campylobacter jejuni isolates of different origins (bovine, broiler meat, human) were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of 4 genes cdtb, cst-ii, ggt, and virb11, previously linked to virulence such as adherence, invasion, colonization, molecular mimicry, and cytotoxin production. in addition, the isolates were screened for the presence of the global gene regulator csra linked to oxidative stress responses, biofilms formation, and cell adhesion. all the c. jejuni isolates wer ... | 2014 | 24688515 |
| prevalence of virulence genes in strains of campylobacter jejuni isolated from human, bovine and broiler. | campylobacter jejuni isolates of different origins (bovine, broiler meat, human) were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of 4 genes cdtb, cst-ii, ggt, and virb11, previously linked to virulence such as adherence, invasion, colonization, molecular mimicry, and cytotoxin production. in addition, the isolates were screened for the presence of the global gene regulator csra linked to oxidative stress responses, biofilms formation, and cell adhesion. all the c. jejuni isolates wer ... | 2014 | 24688515 |
| the arable ecosystem as battleground for emergence of new human pathogens. | disease incidences related to escherichia coli and salmonella enterica infections by consumption of (fresh) vegetables, sprouts, and occasionally fruits made clear that these pathogens are not only transmitted to humans via the "classical" routes of meat, eggs, and dairy products, but also can be transmitted to humans via plants or products derived from plants. nowadays, it is of major concern that these human pathogens, especially the ones belonging to the taxonomical family of enterobacteriace ... | 2014 | 24688484 |
| [bacterial biofilms: their importance in animal health and public health]. | bacterial biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymer matrix that is attached to a surface. biofilms protect and allow bacteria to survive and thrive in hostile environments. bacteria within biofilms can withstand host immune responses, and are much less susceptible to antibiotics and disinfectants when compared to their planktonic counterparts. the ability to form biofilms is now considered an attribute of many microorganisms. diseases associated w ... | 2014 | 24688172 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of hpi1, a selective antimicrobial against helicobacter pylori. | a high-throughput screen (hts) was performed to identify molecules specifically active against helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. currently, treatment of h. pylori infection is suboptimal, with failure rates approaching 25%, despite triple therapy with two broad-spectrum antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor or quadruple therapy with added bismuth. the hts was performed in 384-well plates, and reduction of the metabolic indicator resazurin was used ... | 2014 | 24687512 |
| superoxide dismutases and superoxide reductases. | 2014 | 24684599 | |
| peripheral prion disease pathogenesis is unaltered in the absence of sialoadhesin (siglec-1/cd169). | prions are a unique group of pathogens, which are considered to comprise solely of an abnormally folded isoform of the cellular prion protein. the accumulation and replication of prions within secondary lymphoid organs is important for their efficient spread from the periphery to the brain where they ultimately cause neurodegeneration and death. mononuclear phagocytes (mnp) play key roles in prion disease pathogenesis. some mnp appear to facilitate the propagation of prions to and within lymphoi ... | 2014 | 24684244 |
| a qpcr assay to detect and quantify shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) in cattle and on farms: a potential predictive tool for stec culture-positive farms. | shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), of various serogroups harboring the intimin gene, form a serious threat to human health. they are asymptomatically carried by cattle. in this study, a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) method was developed as a molecular method to detect and quantify shiga toxin genes stx1 and stx2 and the intimin gene eae. subsequently, 59 fecal samples from six farms were tested using qpcr and a culture method as a reference. three farms had contaminated animals as demonst ... | 2014 | 24681714 |
| campylobacter jejuni strain discrimination and temperature-dependent glycome expression profiling by lectin microarray. | gram-negative campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide and the most frequently identified infectious trigger in patients developing guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). while c. jejuni is pathogenic in humans, it is a commensal in avian hosts. bacterial cell surface carbohydrates are important virulence factors and play roles in adherence, colonisation and infection. the mechanisms leading to infection or persistent colonisation of c. jejuni are not we ... | 2014 | 24680511 |
| pan-genome analyses identify lineage- and niche-specific markers of evolution and adaptation in epsilonproteobacteria. | the rapidly increasing availability of complete bacterial genomes has created new opportunities for reconstructing bacterial evolution, but it has also highlighted the difficulty to fully understand the genomic and functional variations occurring among different lineages. using the class epsilonproteobacteria as a case study, we investigated the composition, flexibility, and function of its pan-genomes. models were constructed to extrapolate the expansion of pan-genomes at three different taxono ... | 2014 | 24678308 |
| a reference pan-genome approach to comparative bacterial genomics: identification of novel epidemiological markers in pathogenic campylobacter. | the increasing availability of hundreds of whole bacterial genomes provides opportunities for enhanced understanding of the genes and alleles responsible for clinically important phenotypes and how they evolved. however, it is a significant challenge to develop easy-to-use and scalable methods for characterizing these large and complex data and relating it to disease epidemiology. existing approaches typically focus on either homologous sequence variation in genes that are shared by all isolates ... | 2014 | 24676150 |
| tssar: tss annotation regime for drna-seq data. | differential rna sequencing (drna-seq) is a high-throughput screening technique designed to examine the architecture of bacterial operons in general and the precise position of transcription start sites (tss) in particular. hitherto, drna-seq data were analyzed by visualizing the sequencing reads mapped to the reference genome and manually annotating reliable positions. this is very labor intensive and, due to the subjectivity, biased. | 2014 | 24674136 |
| a general protein o-glycosylation system within the burkholderia cepacia complex is involved in motility and virulence. | bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are pathogens of humans, plants, and animals. burkholderia cenocepacia is one of the most common bcc species infecting cystic fibrosis (cf) patients and its carriage is associated with poor prognosis. in this study, we characterized a general o-linked protein glycosylation system in b. cenocepacia k56-2. the pgllbc o-oligosaccharyltransferase (o-otase), encoded by the cloned gene bcal0960, was shown to be capable of transferring a heptasaccharid ... | 2014 | 24673753 |
| themes and variations: regulation of rpon-dependent flagellar genes across diverse bacterial species. | flagellar biogenesis in bacteria is a complex process in which the transcription of dozens of structural and regulatory genes is coordinated with the assembly of the flagellum. although the overall process of flagellar biogenesis is conserved among bacteria, the mechanisms used to regulate flagellar gene expression vary greatly among different bacterial species. many bacteria use the alternative sigma factor σ (54) (also known as rpon) to transcribe specific sets of flagellar genes. these bacter ... | 2014 | 24672734 |
| alternative bacteriophage life cycles: the carrier state of campylobacter jejuni. | members of the genus campylobacter are frequently responsible for human enteric disease, often through consumption of contaminated poultry products. bacteriophages are viruses that have the potential to control pathogenic bacteria, but understanding their complex life cycles is key to their successful exploitation. treatment of campylobacter jejuni biofilms with bacteriophages led to the discovery that phages had established a relationship with their hosts typical of the carrier state life cycle ... | 2014 | 24671947 |
| simultaneous production of biosurfactants and bacteriocins by probiotic lactobacillus casei mrtl3. | lactic acid bacteria (lab) are ubiquitous and well-known commensal bacteria in the human and animal microflora. lab are extensively studied and used in a variety of industrial and food fermentations. they are widely used for humans and animals as adjuvants, probiotic formulation, and dietary supplements and in other food fermentation applications. in the present investigation, lab were isolated from raw milk samples collected from local dairy farms of haryana, india. further, the isolates were s ... | 2014 | 24669225 |
| effect of noradrenaline on the virulence properties of campylobacter species. | campylobacter species cause a spectrum of illnesses in humans. the type of illness and the outcome is dependent on the virulence of the infecting pathogen strain and host immune status. acute stress can seriously compromise host immunity and increase susceptibility to infection. noradrenaline (na) is a stress hormone. several studies have shown that it stimulated growth and increased the pathogenicity of organisms including e. coli and campylobacter jejuni. however, the effect of na on other cam ... | 2014 | 24669220 |
| chemotactic chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders, affecting about 20% of the general population in western countries. this syndrome poses an enormous socio-economic burden, impairs the quality of life substantially, and increases healthcare costs. ibs can be classified as either idiopathic (id-ibs) with unknown etiology or post-infectious (pi-ibs), which develops after a bout of acute diarrhea or gastroenteritis. little is known about the immunopathogenesis of the ... | 2014 | 24667736 |
| genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry and humans in turkey. | in this study, the investigation of clonal relations between human and poultry campylobacter jejuni isolates and the determination of susceptibilities of isolates to various antibiotics were aimed. a total of 200 c. jejuni isolates concurrently obtained from 100 chicken carcasses and 100 humans were genotyped by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and automated repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr (rep-pcr, diversilab system) methods and were tested for their susceptibility to six antib ... | 2014 | 24667316 |
| a metabolomic perspective on coeliac disease. | metabolomics is an "omic" science that is now emerging with the purpose of elaborating a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, which is the complete set of metabolites (i.e., small molecules intermediates) in an organism, tissue, cell, or biofluid. in the past decade, metabolomics has already proved to be useful for the characterization of several pathological conditions and offers promises as a clinical tool. a metabolomics investigation of coeliac disease (cd) revealed that a metabolic fin ... | 2014 | 24665364 |
| atypical findings of guillain-barré syndrome in children. | guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy that occurs mostly after prior infection. the diagnosis of this syndrome is dependent heavily on the history and examination, although cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electrodiagnostic testing usually confirm the diagnosis. this is a retrospective study which was performed to investigate the atypical features of gbs. | 2012 | 24665275 |
| extensive microbial and functional diversity within the chicken cecal microbiome. | chickens are major source of food and protein worldwide. feed conversion and the health of chickens relies on the largely unexplored complex microbial community that inhabits the chicken gut, including the ceca. we have carried out deep microbial community profiling of the microbiota in twenty cecal samples via 16s rrna gene sequences and an in-depth metagenomics analysis of a single cecal microbiota. we recovered 699 phylotypes, over half of which appear to represent previously unknown species. ... | 2014 | 24657972 |
| a combination of mlst and crispr typing reveals dominant campylobacter jejuni types in organically farmed laying hens. | to elucidate the campylobacter jejuni population in organically farmed laying hens in finland, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was combined with characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) sequences. | 2014 | 24655229 |
| cytotoxicity, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of crude extracts from rhizomes of elephantorrhiza elephantina and pentanisia prunelloides. | elephantorrhiza elephantina (ee) and pentanisia prunelloides (pp) are two medicinal plants which are widely used to remedy various ailments including diarrhoea, dysentery, inflammation, fever, rheumatism, heartburn, tuberculosis, haemorrhoids, skin diseases, perforated peptic ulcers and sore joints in southern africa (south africa, swaziland, botswana and zimbabwe). the following study was conducted to explore the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical profile of the two ... | 2013 | 24653552 |
| cytotoxicity, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of crude extracts from rhizomes of elephantorrhiza elephantina and pentanisia prunelloides. | elephantorrhiza elephantina (ee) and pentanisia prunelloides (pp) are two medicinal plants which are widely used to remedy various ailments including diarrhoea, dysentery, inflammation, fever, rheumatism, heartburn, tuberculosis, haemorrhoids, skin diseases, perforated peptic ulcers and sore joints in southern africa (south africa, swaziland, botswana and zimbabwe). the following study was conducted to explore the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical profile of the two ... | 2013 | 24653552 |
| identification of a protein glycosylation operon from campylobacter jejuni jcm 2013 and its heterologous expression in escherichia coli. | campylobacter jejuni is a human enteropathogenic bacterium possessing an n-glycosylation system. in this work, a protein glycosylation (pgl) operon conferring prokaryotic n-glycosylation in c. jejuni jcm 2013 was cloned and identified. fourteen open reading frames (orfs) were found in the pgl operon. the operon organization was similar to that of c. jejuni nctc 11168, with 98% and 99% identities in overall nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, respectively. the pgl operon was heterologous ... | 2014 | 24650731 |
| understanding molecular recognition of promiscuity of thermophilic methionine adenosyltransferase smat from sulfolobus solfataricus. | methionine adenosyltransferase (mat) is a family of enzymes that utilizes atp and methionine to produce s-adenosylmethionine (adomet), the most crucial methyl donor in the biological methylation of biomolecules and bioactive natural products. here, we report that the mat from sulfolobus solfataricus (smat), an enzyme from a poorly explored class of the mat family, has the ability to produce a range of differentially alkylated adomet analogs in the presence of non-native methionine analogs and at ... | 2014 | 24649856 |
| origin and evolution of the peptidyl transferase center from proto-trnas. | we tested the hypothesis of tamura (2011) [3] that molecules of trna gave origin to ribosomes, particularly to the peptidyl transferase center (ptc) of the 23s ribosomal rna. we reconstructed the ancestral sequences from all types of trna and compared them in their sequences with the current ptc of 23s ribosomal rna from different organisms. we built an ancestral sequence of proto-trnas that showed a remarkable overall identity of 50.53% with the catalytic site of ptc. we conclude that the pepti ... | 2014 | 24649398 |
| genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with sheep abortion in the united states and great britain. | campylobacter infection is a leading cause of ovine abortion worldwide. historically, genetically diverse campylobacter fetus and campylobacter jejuni strains have been implicated in such infections, but since 2003 a highly pathogenic, tetracycline-resistant c. jejuni clone (named sa) has become the predominant cause of sheep abortions in the united states. whether clone sa was present in earlier u.s. abortion isolates (before 2000) and is associated with sheep abortions outside the united state ... | 2014 | 24648552 |
| cholera toxin production during anaerobic trimethylamine n-oxide respiration is mediated by stringent response in vibrio cholerae. | as a facultative anaerobe, vibrio cholerae can grow by anaerobic respiration. production of cholera toxin (ct), a major virulence factor of v. cholerae, is highly promoted during anaerobic growth using trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) as an alternative electron acceptor. here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of tmao-stimulated ct production and uncovered the crucial involvement of stringent response in this process. v. cholerae 7th pandemic strain n16961 produced a significantly elevated l ... | 2014 | 24648517 |
| crystallographic and glycan microarray analysis of human polyomavirus 9 vp1 identifies n-glycolyl neuraminic acid as a receptor candidate. | human polyomavirus 9 (hpyv9) is a closely related homologue of simian b-lymphotropic polyomavirus (lpyv). in order to define the architecture and receptor binding properties of hpyv9, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of its major capsid protein, vp1, in complex with three putative oligosaccharide receptors identified by glycan microarray screening. comparison of the properties of hpyv9 vp1 with the known structure and glycan-binding properties of lpyv vp1 revealed that both viruses e ... | 2014 | 24648448 |
| glycans in pathogenic bacteria--potential for targeted covalent therapeutics and imaging agents. | a substantial obstacle to the existing treatment of bacterial diseases is the lack of specific probes that can be used to diagnose and treat pathogenic bacteria in a selective manner while leaving the microbiome largely intact. to tackle this problem, there is an urgent need to develop pathogen-specific therapeutics and diagnostics. here, we describe recent evidence that indicates distinctive glycans found exclusively on pathogenic bacteria could form the basis of targeted therapeutic and diagno ... | 2014 | 24647371 |
| evaluation and single-laboratory verification of a proposed modification to the u.s. food and drug administration method for detection and identification of campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter coli from raw silo milk. | the current u.s. food and drug administration (fda) methodology for detection of campylobacter, a leading source for foodborne illness, is outdated. the purpose of this study, therefore, was to improve and update the cultural and identification methods found in the fda/bacteriological analytical manual (bam). raw silo milk samples containing typical and atypical strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli at different levels (5 cfu/25 g, 50 cfu/25 g, and 125 cfu/25 g) were analyzed. v ... | 2014 | 24645512 |
| phenotypic screening of a targeted mutant library reveals campylobacter jejuni defenses against oxidative stress. | during host colonization, campylobacter jejuni is exposed to harmful reactive oxygen species (ros) produced from the host immune system and from the gut microbiota. consequently, identification and characterization of oxidative stress defenses are important for understanding how c. jejuni survives ros stress during colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. previous transcriptomic studies have defined the genes belonging to oxidant stimulons within c. jejuni. we have constructed isogenic deleti ... | 2014 | 24643543 |
| the cjie1 prophage of campylobacter jejuni affects protein expression in growth media with and without bile salts. | the presence of campylobacter jejuni temperate bacteriophages has increasingly been associated with specific biological effects. it has recently been demonstrated that the presence of the prophage cjie1 is associated with increased adherence and invasion of c. jejuni isolates in cell culture assays. | 2014 | 24641125 |
| high-throughput sequencing of campylobacter jejuni insertion mutant libraries reveals mapa as a fitness factor for chicken colonization. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections worldwide, due primarily to its ability to asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of agriculturally relevant animals, including chickens. infection often occurs following consumption of meat that was contaminated by c. jejuni during harvest. because of this, much interest lies in understanding the mechanisms that allow c. jejuni to colonize the chicken gastrointestinal tract. to address this, we generated a c. ... | 2014 | 24633877 |
| a capsule conjugate vaccine approach to prevent diarrheal disease caused by campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrheal disease and results in high levels of morbidity and economic loss in both industrialized and developing regions of the world. to date, prior vaccine approaches have failed to confer protection against this enteric pathogen. key challenges to the development of a practical campylobacter vaccine for human use include a lack of understanding of campylobacter pathogenesis and well-defined immune correlates of protection. with the discovery that c. j ... | 2014 | 24632556 |
| sulfur species as redox partners and electron shuttles for ferrihydrite reduction by sulfurospirillum deleyianum. | iron(iii) (oxyhydr)oxides can represent the dominant microbial electron acceptors under anoxic conditions in many aquatic environments, which makes understanding the mechanisms and processes regulating their dissolution and transformation particularly important. in a previous laboratory-based study, it has been shown that 0.05 mm thiosulfate can reduce 6 mm ferrihydrite indirectly via enzymatic reduction of thiosulfate to sulfide by the sulfur-reducing bacterium sulfurospirillum deleyianum, foll ... | 2014 | 24632263 |
| development of a modified gentamicin protection assay to investigate the interaction between campylobacter jejuni and acanthamoeba castellanii atcc 30010. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of diarrheal illness worldwide. it is persistent in the environment and on poultry despite its microaerophilic nature and sensitivity to dessication and ph. studies have demonstrated that c. jejuni co-incubated with acanthamoeba spp. may be protected from harmful environmental factors. research in this area, however has included a range of different methodologies for co-incubation, recovery of bacteria and amoebae, and verification of internaliza ... | 2014 | 24632191 |
| ordering microbial diversity into ecologically and genetically cohesive units. | we propose that microbial diversity must be viewed in light of gene flow and selection, which define units of genetic similarity, and of phenotype and ecological function, respectively. we discuss to what extent ecological and genetic units overlap to form cohesive populations in the wild, based on recent evolutionary modeling and on evidence from some of the first microbial populations studied with genomics. these show that if recombination is frequent and selection moderate, ecologically adapt ... | 2014 | 24630527 |
| what's the damage? the impact of pathogens on pathways that maintain host genome integrity. | maintaining genome integrity and transmission of intact genomes is critical for cellular, organismal, and species survival. cells can detect damaged dna, activate checkpoints, and either enable dna repair or trigger apoptosis to eliminate the damaged cell. aberrations in these mechanisms lead to somatic mutations and genetic instability, which are hallmarks of cancer. considering the long history of host-microbe coevolution, an impact of microbial infection on host genome integrity is not unexpe ... | 2014 | 24629335 |
| antibacterial efficacy testing of a bioelectric wound dressing against clinical wound pathogens. | silver-based wound dressings have been developed for the control of bioburden in wounds. however, the popularity and extensive use of silver-based dressings has been associated with emerging microbial resistances to silver. in this study we examined in vitro antibacterial efficacy of a bioelectric dressing containing silver and zinc against various wound pathogens. antibiotic-sensitive clinical wound isolates showed a 100% reduction in bacterial growth, except that enterococcus faecalis isolate ... | 2014 | 24627730 |
| a second-generation protein-protein interaction network of helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori infections cause gastric ulcers and play a major role in the development of gastric cancer. in 2001, the first protein interactome was published for this species, revealing over 1500 binary protein interactions resulting from 261 yeast two-hybrid screens. here we roughly double the number of previously published interactions using an orfeome-based, proteome-wide yeast two-hybrid screening strategy. we identified a total of 1515 protein-protein interactions, of which 1461 are ... | 2014 | 24627523 |
| draft genome sequence of campylobacter coli strain ipsid-1 isolated from a patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. | the genome sequence and annotation of campylobacter coli strain ipsid-1 are reported here. this bacterial isolate is the first to be cultured from a patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (ipsid). the draft genome sequence is 1.683 mb long, comprises 64 contigs, and has 31.26% g+c content. | 2014 | 24625865 |
| comparison of campylobacter jejuni pulsotypes isolated from humans and poultry in split and dalmatia county, croatia. | consumption of poultry is considered to be an important source of human infection with campylobacter. in the period from 2008 to 2010, 50 isolates of campylobacter jejuni from human faeces were analysed and compared with 61 isolates from poultry by pulsed field gel electrophoresis using smai and kpni. based on the analysis of smai macrorestriction profiles, 86 isolates (77.5 %) were assigned to 15 s clusters: 31 (62 %) from humans and 55 from poultry (90.2 %). altogether 21 isolates (19 %) exhib ... | 2015 | 24624966 |
| antibacterial and antioxidant activities in extracts of fully grown cladodes of 8 cultivars of cactus pear. | the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some cultivars of the nopal cactus have not been determined. in this study, 8 cultivars of nopal cacti from mexico were assayed for phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholera, and clostridium perfringens. plant material was washed, dried, and macerated in methanol. minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. antioxidant acti ... | 2014 | 24621296 |
| nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 controls host response to campylobacter jejuni in il10-/- mice. | innate signaling-induced antimicrobial response represents a key protective host feature against infectious microorganisms such as campylobacter species. in this study, we investigated the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (nod2) in campylobacter jejuni-induced intestinal inflammation. specific-pathogen-free il10(-/-), nod2(-/-), and il10(-/-); nod2(-/-) mice were infected with c. jejuni (10(9) colony-forming units/mouse) 24 hours after a 7-day course of anti ... | 2014 | 24620022 |
| preferential packing of acidic glycosidases and proteases into bacteroides outer membrane vesicles. | outer membrane vesicles (omv) are spherical membranous structures released from the outer membrane (om) of gram-negative bacteria. omv have been proposed to play several different roles during both pathogenesis and symbiosis. despite the fact that omv were described several decades ago, their biogenesis is a poorly characterized process. whether omv are produced by an active mechanism or by passive disintegration of the om is a still matter of controversy. bacteroides fragilis and bacteroides th ... | 2014 | 24618254 |
| detection and characterization of campylobacter spp. from 40 dairy cattle herds in quebec, canada. | dairy cattle are considered a campylobacter reservoir in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis. currently, very little data on the prevalence of campylobacter in dairy herds are available in the province of quebec, canada. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of campylobacter associated with management practices in 40 dairy cattle herds as well as to characterize the bacterial genetic diversity. fecal samples from 797 lactating cows of 40 dairy farms, water provided to a ... | 2014 | 24617502 |
| chlamydia exploit the mammalian tryptophan-depletion defense strategy as a counter-defensive cue to trigger a survival state of persistence. | we previously proposed that in chlamydiaceae rapid vegetative growth and a quiescent state of survival (persistence) depend upon alternative protein translational profiles dictated by host tryptophan (trp) availability. these alternative profiles correspond, respectively, with a set of chlamydial proteins having higher-than-predicted contents of trp ("up-trp" selection), or with another set exhibiting lower-than-predicted contents of trp ("down-trp" selection). a comparative evaluation of chlamy ... | 2014 | 24616884 |
| immune and genetic gardening of the intestinal microbiome. | the mucosal immune system - consisting of adaptive and innate immune cells as well as the epithelium - is profoundly influenced by its microbial environment. there is now growing evidence that the converse is also true, that the immune system shapes the composition of the intestinal microbiome. during conditions of health, this bidirectional interaction achieves a homeostasis in which inappropriate immune responses to non-pathogenic microbes are averted and immune activity suppresses blooms of p ... | 2014 | 24613921 |
| shiga toxin production and translocation during microaerobic human colonic infection with shiga toxin-producing e. coli o157:h7 and o104:h4. | haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) is dependent on release of shiga toxins (stxs) during intestinal infection and subsequent absorption into the bloodstream. an understanding of stx-related events in the human gut is limited due to lack of suitable experimental models. in this study, we have used a vertical diffusion chamber system with polarized human colon carcinoma cells to simulate the microaerobic (ma) environment in the human intestine and investigat ... | 2014 | 24612002 |
| quo vadis? - monitoring campylobacter in germany. | campylobacter is a poorly recognized foodborne pathogen, leading the statistics of bacterially caused human diarrhoea in europe during the last years. in this review, we present qualitative and quantitative german data obtained in the framework of specific monitoring programs and from routine surveillance. these also comprise recent data on antimicrobial resistances of food isolates. due to the considerable reduction of in vitro growth capabilities of stressed bacteria, there is a clear discrepa ... | 2012 | 24611125 |
| campylobacter bacteremia: a rare and under-reported event? | bacteria belonging to the species campylobacter are the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea in humans. the clinical phenotype associated with campylobacter infections ranges from asymptomatic conditions to severe colitis and bacteremia. in susceptible patients, campylobacter infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with both host factors and bacterial factors being involved in the pathogenesis of bacteremia. in the host, age, gender and immune-compromising conditi ... | 2012 | 24611124 |
| colonization properties of campylobacter jejuni in chickens. | campylobacter is the most common bacterial food-borne pathogen worldwide. poultry and specifically chicken and raw chicken meat is the main source for human campylobacter infection. whilst being colonized by campylobacter spp. chicken in contrast to human, do scarcely develop pathological lesions. the immune mechanisms controlling campylobacter colonization and infection in chickens are still not clear. previous studies and our investigations indicate that the ability to colonize the chicken var ... | 2012 | 24611122 |
| quorum sensing dependent phenotypes and their molecular mechanisms in campylobacterales. | quorum sensing comprises the mechanism of communication between numerous bacteria via small signalling molecules, termed autoinducers (ai). using quorum sensing, bacteria can regulate the expression of multiple genes involved in virulence, toxin production, motility, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, thus contributing to adaptation as well as colonisation. the current understanding of the role of quorum sensing in the lifecycle of campylobacterales is still incomplete. campylobacterales belong t ... | 2012 | 24611121 |
| putative mechanisms and biological role of coccoid form formation in campylobacter jejuni. | in certain conditions campylobacter jejuni cells are capable of changing their cell shape from a typically spiral to a coccoid form (cf). by similarity to other bacteria, the latter was initially considered to be a viable but non-culturable form capable of survival in unfavourable conditions. however, subsequent studies with c. jejuni and closely related bacteria helicobacter pylori suggested that cf represents a non-viable, degenerative form. until now, the issue on whether the cf of c. jejuni ... | 2012 | 24611120 |
| molecular mechanisms and biological role of campylobacter jejuni attachment to host cells. | adhesion to host cells is an important step in pathogenesis of campylobacter jejuni, which is the most prevalent bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. in contrast to other bacteria such as e. coli and salmonella, adherence of c. jejuni is not mediated by fimbria or pili. a number of c. jejuni adhesion-related factors have been described. however, the results obtained by different researchers in different laboratories are often contradictory and inconclusive, with only some of the f ... | 2012 | 24611119 |
| chemotaxis in campylobacter jejuni. | chemotaxis is the common way of flagellated bacteria to direct their locomotion to sites of most favourable living conditions, that are sites with the highest concentrations of energy sources and the lowest amounts of bacteriotoxic substances. the general prerequisites for chemotaxis are chemoreceptors, a chemosensory signal-transduction system and the flagellar apparatus. epsilonproteobacteria like campylobacter sp. show specific variations of the common chemotaxis components. chev, a chew-like ... | 2012 | 24611118 |
| analysis of campylobacter jejuni isolates of various sources for loci associated with guillain-barré syndrome. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and related diseases. these autoimmune diseases are caused by antibodies cross-reacting with the peripheral (gbs) and central neural tissue (miller fisher syndrome - mfs, bicker-staff's brainstem encephalitis - bbe), leading to acute polyneuropathy. recently, specific gene loci in c. jejuni have been distinguished which are associated with the onset of gbs, despite a molecular or phenotypic clustering. in this study, we u ... | 2012 | 24611117 |
| acid-shock of campylobacter jejuni induces flagellar gene expression and host cell invasion. | the bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with the organism being transmitted by ingestion of contaminated and undercooked poultry. exposure to acid is an inevitable stressor for c. jejuni during gastric passage, yet the effect of low ph on c. jejuni virulence is still poorly understood. here, we investigate the effect of acid-shock on c. jejuni viability, gene expression and host-cell invasion. c. jejuni strain nctc 111 ... | 2012 | 24611116 |
| campylobacter jejuni infection of infant mice: acute enterocolitis is followed by asymptomatic intestinal and extra-intestinal immune responses. | campylobacter (c.) jejuni is among the leading bacterial agents causing enterocolitis worldwide. despite the high prevalence of c. jejuni infections and its significant medical and economical consequences, intestinal pathogenesis is poorly understood. this is mainly due to the lack of appropriate animal models. in the age of 3 months, adult mice display strong colonization resistance (cr) against c. jejuni. previous studies underlined the substantial role of the murine intestinal microbiota in m ... | 2012 | 24611115 |
| characterization and reactivity of broiler chicken sera to selected recombinant campylobacter jejuni chemotactic proteins. | campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative rod bacterium, is the leading causative agent of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. consumption and handling of raw or undercooked poultry are regarded as a major source for human infection. because bacterial chemotaxis guides microorganisms to colonization and invasion in the host cells, proteins involved in chemotactic processes can be novel targets for vaccine development. in this communication, we report amplification, cloning and expressio ... | 2014 | 24609189 |
| bacterial mechanosensitive channels: progress towards an understanding of their roles in cell physiology. | bacterial mechanosensitive channels sense the changes in lateral tension in the bilayer of the cytoplasmic membrane generated by rapid water flow into the cell. two major structural families are found widely distributed across bacteria and archaea: mscl and mscs. our understanding of the mechanisms of gating has advanced rapidly through genetic analysis, structural biology and electrophysiology. it is only recently that the analysis of the physiological roles of the channels has kept pace with m ... | 2014 | 24607989 |
| validation according to iso 16140:2003 of a commercial real-time pcr-based method for detecting campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari in foods. | campylobacteriosis was the most frequently reported zoonosis in the european union (eu) in 2010, with campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari as the most frequently reported species in foodborne outbreaks (fbos). relatively sensitive to environmental factors, these species may be present in low numbers. in line with eu policy for food control and fbo detection and in view of the need to reduce response time, we validated an alternative molecular method according to iso 1 ... | 2014 | 24607425 |
| species-specific viability analysis of pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia and staphylococcus aureus in mixed culture by flow cytometry. | bacterial species coexist commonly in mixed communities, for instance those occurring in microbial infections of humans. interspecies effects contribute to alterations in composition of communities with respect to species and thus, to the course and severity of infection. therefore, knowledge concerning growth and viability of single species in medically-relevant mixed communities is of high interest to resolve complexity of interspecies dynamics and to support development of treatment strategie ... | 2014 | 24606608 |
| effects of commercial marinade seasoning and a natural blend of cultured sugar and vinegar on campylobacter jejuni and salmonella typhimurium and the texture of chicken breasts. | marination using various ingredients has been widely used to improve microbial safety and quality of chicken products at retail markets. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of commercial marinade seasoning and cultured sugar/vinegar blend on campylobacter jejuni and salmonella typhimurium populations during refrigerated storage. in addition, their effects on the texture of precooked chicken breasts during frozen and refrigerated storage was investigated. chicken breasts in ... | 2014 | 24604867 |
| role of gut pathogens in development of irritable bowel syndrome. | acute infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most commonly identifiable risk factors for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). a number of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens have been found to be associated with the development of ibs and other functional gastrointestinal (gi) disorders. epidemiological studies have identified demographic and acute enteritis-related risk factors for the development of post-infectious-ibs (pi-ibs). immune dysregulation, alterations in barrier ... | 2014 | 24604037 |
| regulation of intestinal immune responses through tlr activation: implications for pro- and prebiotics. | the intestinal mucosa is constantly facing a high load of antigens including bacterial antigens derived from the microbiota and food. despite this, the immune cells present in the gastrointestinal tract do not initiate a pro-inflammatory immune response. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are pattern recognition receptors expressed by various cells in the gastrointestinal tract, including intestinal epithelial cells (iec) and resident immune cells in the lamina propria. many diseases, including chronic ... | 2014 | 24600450 |
| outbreak investigation: salmonella food poisoning. | an outbreak of food poisoning was reported from a military establishment on 29 may 2011 when 43 cases of food poisoning reported sick in a span of few hours. | 2013 | 24600149 |
| the role of crispr-cas systems in virulence of pathogenic bacteria. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) and crispr-associated (cas) genes are present in many bacterial and archaeal genomes. since the discovery of the typical crispr loci in the 1980s, well before their physiological role was revealed, their variable sequences have been used as a complementary typing tool in diagnostic, epidemiologic, and evolutionary analyses of prokaryotic strains. the discovery that crispr spacers are often identical to sequence fragments of mobil ... | 2014 | 24600041 |
| lactobacillus brevis strains from fermented aloe vera survive gastroduodenal environment and suppress common food borne enteropathogens. | five novel lactobacillus brevis strains were isolated from naturally fermented aloe vera leaf flesh. each strain was identified by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis and 16s rrna sequence comparison. these strains were highly tolerant to acid, surviving in ph2.5 for up to 4 hours, and resistant to 5% bile salts at 37°c for 18 hours. due to its tolerance to acid and bile salts, one strain passed through the gastric barrier and colonised the intestine after oral administration. all f ... | 2014 | 24598940 |
| a case of bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus: an unusual presentation in an infant. | bacteremia due to campylobacter spp. is rarely reported, and campylobacter fetus is the species most commonly exhibiting vascular tropism, as occurred in this case report describing the diagnosis of c. fetus bacteremia in an infant presenting with respiratory tract infection. a 5-month-old baby, with undiagnosed failure to thrive, presented to the acute care service with a high fever and respiratory symptoms of 2 days duration. the initial clinical and laboratory diagnosis suggested bacteremia, ... | 2014 | 24596467 |
| enterocolitis without diarrhoea in an adult patient: a clinical dilemma. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bloody diarrhoea in the usa. we report a case of a young woman who presented with a clinical picture reminiscent of acute appendicitis. ultrasonography and ct of the abdomen performed subsequently revealed evidence of colitis. quite unexpectedly, she had no symptoms of diarrhoea and the stool gram stain and culture were negative. nevertheless, due to high clinical suspicion of infectious colitis, appendectomy was deferred. blood culture wa ... | 2014 | 24596412 |
| development of an aotus nancymaae model for shigella vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy studies. | several animal models exist to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of candidate shigella vaccines. the two most widely used nonprimate models for vaccine development include a murine pulmonary challenge model and a guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model. nonhuman primate models exhibit clinical features and gross and microscopic colonic lesions that mimic those induced in human shigellosis. challenge models for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and campylobacter spp. have be ... | 2014 | 24595138 |
| passive immunization to reduce campylobacter jejuni colonization and transmission in broiler chickens. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterium-mediated diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. poultry products are considered the most important source of c. jejuni infections in humans but to date no effective strategy exists to eradicate this zoonotic pathogen from poultry production. here, the potential use of passive immunization to reduce campylobacter colonization in broiler chicks was examined. for this purpose, laying hens were immunized with either a whole-cell lysate or th ... | 2014 | 24589217 |
| structural and functional aspects of the helicobacter pylori secretome. | proteins secreted by helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), an important human pathogen responsible for severe gastric diseases, are reviewed from the point of view of their biochemical characterization, both functional and structural. despite the vast amount of experimental data available on the proteins secreted by this bacterium, the precise size of the secretome remains unknown. in this review, we consider as secreted both proteins that contain a secretion signal for the periplasm and proteins tha ... | 2014 | 24587618 |
| comparison of milk oligosaccharides between goats with and without the genetic ability to synthesize αs1-casein. | milk oligosaccharides (os)-free complex carbohydrates-confer unique health benefits to the nursing neonate. though human digestive enzymes cannot degrade these sugars, they provide nourishment to specific commensal microbes and act as decoys to prevent the adhesion of pathogenic micro-organisms to gastrointestinal cells. at present, the limited quantities of human milk oligosaccharides (hmo) impede research on these molecules and their potential applications in functional food formulations. cons ... | 2013 | 24587592 |
| impact of campylobacter jejuni cj0268c knockout mutation on intestinal colonization, translocation, and induction of immunopathology in gnotobiotic il-10 deficient mice. | although campylobacter jejuni infections have a high prevalence worldwide and represent a significant socioeconomic burden, the underlying molecular mechanisms of induced intestinal immunopathology are still not well understood. we have recently generated a c. jejuni mutant strain nctc11168::cj0268c, which has been shown to be involved in cellular adhesion and invasion. the immunopathological impact of this gene, however, has not been investigated in vivo so far. | 2014 | 24587249 |
| divergent distribution of the sensor kinase coss in non-thermotolerant campylobacter species and its functional incompatibility with the response regulator cosr of campylobacter jejuni. | two-component signal transduction systems are commonly composed of a sensor histidine kinase and a cognate response regulator, modulating gene expression in response to environmental changes through a phosphorylation-dependent process. cosr is an ompr-type response regulator essential for the viability of campylobacter jejuni, a major foodborne pathogenic species causing human gastroenteritis. although cosr is a response regulator, its cognate sensor kinase has not been identified in c. jejuni. ... | 2014 | 24587027 |
| aeromonas hydrophila flagella glycosylation: involvement of a lipid carrier. | polar flagellin proteins from aeromonas hydrophila strain ah-3 (serotype o34) were found to be o-glycosylated with a heterogeneous glycan. mutants unable to produce wecp or gne enzymes showed altered motility, and the study of their polar flagellin glycosylation showed that the patterns of glycosylation differed from that observed with wild type polar flagellin. this suggested the involvement of a lipid carrier in glycosylation. a gene coding for an enzyme linking sugar to a lipid carrier was id ... | 2014 | 24586923 |
| noroviral p-particles as an in vitro model to assess the interactions of noroviruses with probiotics. | noroviruses (novs) are the main etiologic agents of acute epidemic gastroenteritis and probiotic bacteria have been reported to exert a positive effect on viral diarrhea. the protruding (p) domain from novs vp1 capsid protein has the ability to assemble into the so-called p-particles, which retain the binding ability to host receptors. we purified the p-domains from novs genotypes gi.1 and gii.4 as 6x(his)-tagged proteins and determined that, similar to native domains, they were structured into ... | 2014 | 24586892 |
| high detection rates of enteropathogens in asymptomatic children attending day care. | gastroenteritis morbidity is high among children under the age of four, especially amongst those who attend day care. | 2014 | 24586825 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits asparagine to assimilate nitrogen and resist acid stress during infection. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen. within macrophages, m. tuberculosis thrives in a specialized membrane-bound vacuole, the phagosome, whose ph is slightly acidic, and where access to nutrients is limited. understanding how the bacillus extracts and incorporates nutrients from its host may help develop novel strategies to combat tuberculosis. here we show that m. tuberculosis employs the asparagine transporter ansp2 and the secreted asparaginase ansa to assimilate nitrogen ... | 2014 | 24586151 |
| efficient inference of recombination hot regions in bacterial genomes. | in eukaryotes, detailed surveys of recombination rates have shown variation at multiple genomic scales and the presence of "hotspots" of highly elevated recombination. in bacteria, studies of recombination rate variation are less developed, in part because there are few analysis methods that take into account the clonal context within which bacterial evolution occurs. here, we focus in particular on identifying "hot regions" of the genome where dna is transferred frequently between isolates. we ... | 2014 | 24586045 |
| the iron stimulon and fur regulon of geobacter sulfurreducens and their role in energy metabolism. | iron plays a critical role in the physiology of geobacter species. it serves as both an essential component for proteins and cofactors and an electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration. here, we investigated the iron stimulon and ferric uptake regulator (fur) regulon of geobacter sulfurreducens to examine the coordination between uptake of fe(ii) and the reduction of fe(iii) at the transcriptional level. gene expression studies across a variety of different iron concentrations in both the wi ... | 2014 | 24584254 |
| avian antimicrobial host defense peptides: from biology to therapeutic applications. | host defense peptides (hdps) are an important first line of defense with antimicrobial and immunomoduatory properties. because they act on the microbial membranes or host immune cells, hdps pose a low risk of triggering microbial resistance and therefore, are being actively investigated as a novel class of antimicrobials and vaccine adjuvants. cathelicidins and β-defensins are two major families of hdps in avian species. more than a dozen hdps exist in birds, with the genes in each hdp family cl ... | 2014 | 24583933 |