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sequential acquisition of t cells and antibodies to nontyphoidal salmonella in malawian children.salmonella typhimurium (stm) remain a prominent cause of bacteremia in sub-saharan africa. complement-fixing antibodies to stm develop by 2 years of age. we hypothesized that stm-specific cd4⁺ t cells develop alongside this process.201424443544
efficacy of salmonella typhimurium a1-r versus chemotherapy on a pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox).the aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r (a1-r) on pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (pdox). the pdox model was originally established from a pancreatic cancer patient in scid-nod mice. the pancreatic cancer pdox was subsequently transplanted by surgical orthotopic implantation (soi) in transgenic nude red fluorescent protein (rfp) mice in order that the pdox stably acquired red fluorescent protein (rfp)-expressing st ...201424435915
characterization and bioavailability of tea polyphenol nanoliposome prepared by combining an ethanol injection method with dynamic high-pressure microfluidization.tea polyphenols are major polyphenolic substances found in green tea with various biological activities. to overcome their instability toward oxygen and alkaline environments, tea polyphenol nanoliposome (tpn) was prepared by combining an ethanol injection method with dynamic high-pressure microfluidization. good physicochemical characterizations (entrapment efficiency = 78.5%, particle size = 66.8 nm, polydispersity index = 0.213, and zeta potential = -6.16 mv) of tpn were observed. compared wi ...201424428744
physiological and immunological regulations in caenorhabditis elegans infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhi.studies pertaining to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection by utilizing model systems failed to mimic the essential aspects of immunity induced by salmonella enterica serovar typhi, as the determinants of innate immunity are distinct. the present study investigated the physiological and innate immune responses of s. typhi infected caenorhabditis elegans and also explored the ty21a mediated immune enhancement in c. elegans. ty21a is a known live vaccine for typhoidal infection in hum ...201424426167
antioxidative potential of folate producing probiotic lactobacillus helveticus cd6.folate producing lactobacillus sp. cd6 isolated from fermented milk showed 98% similarity with lactobacillus helveticus based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. it was found to produce a folic acid derivative 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (5-methf). the intracellular cell-free extract of strain demonstrated antioxidative activity with the inhibition rate of ascorbate autoxidation in the range of 27.5% ± 3.7%. it showed highest metal ion chelation ability for fe(2+) (0.26 ± 0.06 ppm) as compared to ...201324425884
in vitro appraisal of the probiotic value of intestinal lactobacilli.lactobacilli play a distinctive role in the microbial balance of the chicken gut. in experiments simulating the chicken crop, the antagonism of lactobacilli against enterobacteriaceae and salmonella typhimurium was demonstrated and was attributed to lactic acid production. moreover, adhesion to the crop epithelium was a common characteristic of intestinal lactobacilli. as opposed to salmonellas, lactobacilli were sensitive to deconjugated bile salts at 2.5mm. this sensitivity could lower their c ...199124425271
reply to blair et al.: dose-dependent effects and oxidative stress responses in antibiotic tolerance in salmonella typhimurium. 201324422210
temperature-sensitive, lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of salmonella typhimurium.two mutants of salmonella typhimurium lt2, which were temperature-sensitive for lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis, were isolated from a gale (-) strain based on their resistance to phage c21 and sensitivity to sodium deoxycholate at 42°c. they produced lps of chemotype rc at 30°c and deep-rough lps at 42°c. p22-mediated transductional analysis showed that the mutations responsible for temperature sensitivity are located in the rfa cluster where several genes involved in the synthesis of the lps ...199424421195
ph and acidity in lactic-fermenting cereal gruels: effects on viability of enteropathogenic microorganisms.survival of bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri during lactic acid fermentation of cereal gruels prepared from low-tannin (white) and high-tannin (red) sorghum varieties was studied. a previously fermented gruel (starter culture, sc) recycled daily or stored for 7, 14 or 28 days, germinated cereal flour (power flour, pf), or a combination of pf and sc (pf+sc) were used as starters. at 24 h, the ph of all gruels wit ...199424421191
distinct roles of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cyay and yggx proteins in the biosynthesis and repair of iron-sulfur clusters.labile [4fe-4s](2+) clusters found at the active sites of many dehydratases are susceptible to damage by univalent oxidants that convert the clusters to an inactive [3fe-4s](1+) form. bacteria repair damaged clusters in a process that does not require de novo protein synthesis or the isc and suf cluster assembly pathways. the current study investigates the participation of the bacterial frataxin ortholog cyay and the yggx protein, which are proposed to play roles in iron trafficking and iron-sul ...201424421039
neutrophils are a source of gamma interferon during acute salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colitis.gamma interferon (ifn-γ) is an important driver of intestinal inflammation during colitis caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. here we used the mouse colitis model to investigate the cellular sources of ifn-γ in the cecal mucosa during the acute phase of an s. typhimurium infection. while ifn-γ staining was detected in t cells, nk cells, and inflammatory monocytes at 2 days after infection, the majority of ifn-γ-positive cells in the cecal mucosa were neutrophils. furthermore, neut ...201424421037
an immunoproteomic approach for characterization of the outer membrane proteins of salmonella gallinarum.salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (sg) is an important pathogen that causes fowl typhoid in chickens. in order to investigate sg outer membrane proteins (omps) as potential vaccine candidate proteins, we established a proteomic map and database of antigenic sg-omps. a total of 174 spots were detected by 2de. twenty-two antigen-reactive spots were identified as nine specific proteins using pmf. ompa was the most abundant protein among all of the identified omps, and it exhibited seven protei ...201424420792
allantoinase and dihydroorotase binding and inhibition by flavonols and the substrates of cyclic amidohydrolases.allantoinase and dihydroorotase are members of the cyclic amidohydrolases family. allantoinase and dihydroorotase possess very similar binuclear metal centers in the active site and may use a similar mechanism for catalysis. however, whether the substrate specificities of allantoinase and dihydroorotase overlap and whether the substrates of other cyclic amidohydrolases inhibit allantoinase and dihydroorotase remain unknown. in this study, the binding and inhibition of allantoinase (salmonella en ...201424418229
influence of bacteriophage p22 on the inflammatory mediator gene expression in chicken macrophage hd11 cells infected with salmonella typhimurium.this study was designed to evaluate the effects of bacteriophage on the intracellular survival and immune mediator gene expression in chicken macrophage-like hd11 cells. the invasive ability and intracellular survival of salmonella typhimurium (st(p22-) ) and lysogenic s. typhimurium (st(p22+) ) in hd11 cells were evaluated at 37 °c for 24 h postinfection (hpi). the expression of inflammatory mediator genes was determined in st(p22-) - and st(p22+) -infected hd11 cells treated with and without b ...201424417259
anti-tumoral effect of the mitochondrial target domain of noxa delivered by an engineered salmonella typhimurium.bacterial cancer therapy relies on the fact that several bacterial species are capable of targeting tumor tissue and that bacteria can be genetically engineered to selectively deliver therapeutic proteins of interest to the targeted tumors. however, the challenge of bacterial cancer therapy is the release of the therapeutic proteins from the bacteria and entry of the proteins into tumor cells. this study employed an attenuated salmonella typhimurium to selectively deliver the mitochondrial targe ...201424416126
bacterial flagellin-specific chaperone flis interacts with anti-sigma factor flgm.flagella are extracellular organelles that propel bacteria. each flagellum consists of a basal body, a hook, and a filament. the major protein of the filament is flagellin. induction of flagellin gene expression coincides with secretion of flgm. the role of flgm is to inhibit flia (σ(28)), a flagellum-specific rna polymerase responsible for flagellin transcription. to prevent premature polymerization of newly synthesized flagellin molecules, flis, the flagellin-specific chaperone, binds flagelli ...201424415724
anti-mutagenic and immuno-stimulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria.statistically significant antigenotoxic activity was exerted by six of nine strains of lactic acid bacteria tested (lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, staphylococcus carnosus, streptococcus thermophilus, l. rhamnosus, enterococcus faecium and en. faecalis) against nitrovin and 2-aminofluorene in salmonella typhimurium ta100 and ta97. the mutagenic activity of both mutagens was substantially decreased by viable bacteria; cells heated to 100°c for 15 min were ineffective. in vitro, en. f ...199524414651
lactobacillus strains isolated from infant faeces possess potent inhibitory activity against intestinal alpha- and beta-glucosidases suggesting anti-diabetic potential.inhibitors of intestinal alpha-glucosidases are used therapeutically to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. bacteria such as actinoplanes sp. naturally produce potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor compounds, including the most widely available drug acarbose. it is not known whether lactic acid bacteria (lab) colonising the human gut possess inhibitory potential against glucosidases. hence, the study was undertaken to screen labs having inherent alpha- and beta-glucosidase inhibitory potential.201424414142
actin restructuring during salmonella typhimurium infection investigated by confocal and super-resolution microscopy.we have used super-resolution optical microscopy and confocal microscopy to visualize the cytoskeletal restructuring of hela cells that accompanies and enables salmonella typhimurium internalization. herein, we report the use of confocal microscopy to verify and explore infection conditions that would be compatible with super-resolution optical microscopy, using alexa-488 labeled phalloidin to stain the actin cytoskeletal network. while it is well known that actin restructuring and cytoskeletal ...201424413454
promyelocytic leukemia protein interacts with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein to limit inflammasome activation.the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activating recruitment domain (asc) is an essential component of several inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that regulate caspase-1 activation and inflammation. we report here an interaction between promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) and asc. we observed enhanced formation of asc dimers in pml-deficient macrophages. these macrophages also display enhanced levels of asc in the cytosol. furthermore, il-1β production was markedly ...201424407287
survival rate of salmonella on cooked pig ear pet treats at refrigerated and ambient temperature storage.pet treats, including pig ears, have been implicated as vehicles of human salmonellosis, and salmonella has been isolated on commercially produced pig ears. therefore, behavior of the pathogen on this very low water activity (aw) pet treat is of interest. the survival of salmonella serotypes newport and typhimurium dt104 was measured on natural (aw 0.256) and smoked (aw 0.306) pig ear pet treat products inoculated at ca. 6.5 log cfu per sample and stored at 4.4 or 22°c for 365 days. surviving po ...201424405998
antibiotic resistance and diversity of salmonella enterica serovars associated with broiler chickens.the objective of this study was to analyze the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of salmonella isolated from broiler production facilities. a total of 193 salmonella isolates recovered from commercial farms in british columbia, canada, were evaluated. susceptibility to antibiotics was determined with the sensititre system. virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were detected by pcr assay. genetic diversity was determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing. seventeen s ...201424405997
the role of the st313-td gene in virulence of salmonella typhimurium st313.multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium st313 has emerged in sub-saharan africa causing severe infections in humans. therefore, it has been speculated that this specific sequence type, st313, carries factors associated with increased pathogenicity. we assessed the role in virulence of a gene with a yet unknown function, st313-td, detected in st313 through comparative genomics. additionally, the structure of the genomic island st313-gi, harbouring the gene was determined. the ...201424404174
trifolium pratense l. as a potential natural antioxidant.the essential oils of three different growth stages of trifolium pratense l. (tp1, tp2 and tp3) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. the highest content of volatile compounds was found in the essential oil sample tp1, where terpenes such as β-myrcene (4.55%), p-cymene (3.59%), limonene (0.86%), tetrahydroionone (1.56%) were highlighted due to their biological activity. the antioxidant activity was determined by f ...201424402202
ttss2-deficient hha mutant of salmonella typhimurium exhibits significant systemic attenuation in immunocompromised hosts.non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) infections are emerging as leading problem worldwide and the variations in host immune status append to the concern of nts. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is one of the causative agents of nts infections and has been extensively studied. the inactivation of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) encoded type-iii secretion system 2 (ttss2) has been reported rendering the strain incapable for systemic dissemination to host sites and has also been proposed ...201424401482
quantitative assessment of cytosolic salmonella in epithelial cells.within mammalian cells, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) inhabits a membrane-bound vacuole known as the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). we have recently shown that wild type s. typhimurium also colonizes the cytosol of epithelial cells. here we sought to quantify the contribution of cytosolic salmonella to the total population over a time course of infection in different epithelial cell lines and under conditions of altered vacuolar escape. we found that the lysosomo ...201424400108
assessment of attenuated salmonella vaccine strains in controlling experimental salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens.salmonella hold considerable promise as vaccine delivery vectors for heterologous antigens in chickens. such vaccines have the potential additional benefit of also controlling salmonella infection in immunized birds. as a way of selecting attenuated strains with optimal immunogenic potential as antigen delivery vectors, this study screened 20 novel salmonella typhimurium vaccine strains, differing in mutations associated with delayed antigen synthesis and delayed attenuation, for their efficacy ...201424396177
safety evaluation of oleic-rich triglyceride oil produced by a heterotrophic microalgal fermentation process.numbers of macro- and microalgae have been used as food sources in various cultures for centuries. several microalgae are currently being developed as modern food ingredients. the dietary safety of oleic-rich microalgal oil produced using a heterotrophic fermentation process was assessed in a 13-week feeding trial in rats with genotoxic potential evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. in the genotoxicity assays, the test oil was not mutagenic in salmonella typhimurium or escherichia coli t ...201424394481
isolation of bifidobacteria infantis and its antagonistic activity against etec 0157 and salmonella typhimurium s-285 in weaning foods.probiotic organism bifidobacteria was isolated from the faeces of breast-fed infants at universiti putra malaysia. trypticase phytone peptone yeast extract agar (tpy) was used as a selective media for the isolation. morphological examination of the isolates indicated that bifidobacteria was gram-positive rods in nature, curved with characteristics of v and y shapes. the organisms were non-catalase producing, non-nitrate reducing, non-motile, had an absence of indole and were unable to liquify ge ...200024394399
mlva as a tool for public health surveillance of human salmonella typhimurium: prospective study in belgium and evaluation of mlva loci stability.surveillance of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is generally considered to benefit from molecular techniques like multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva), which allow earlier detection and confinement of outbreaks. here, a surveillance study, including phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the in europe most commonly used 5-loci mlva on 1,420 s. typhimurium isolates collected between 2010 and 2012 in belgium, was ...201324391880
comparative genomics and functional analysis of rhamnose catabolic pathways and regulons in bacteria.l-rhamnose (l-rha) is a deoxy-hexose sugar commonly found in nature. l-rha catabolic pathways were previously characterized in various bacteria including escherichia coli. nevertheless, homology searches failed to recognize all the genes for the complete l-rha utilization pathways in diverse microbial species involved in biomass decomposition. moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of l-rha catabolism have remained unclear in most species. a comparative genomics approach was used to reconstruct the ...201324391637
inflammation fuels colicin ib-dependent competition of salmonella serovar typhimurium and e. coli in enterobacterial blooms.the host's immune system plays a key role in modulating growth of pathogens and the intestinal microbiota in the gut. in particular, inflammatory bowel disorders and pathogen infections induce shifts of the resident commensal microbiota which can result in overgrowth of enterobacteriaceae ("inflammation-inflicted blooms"). here, we investigated competition of the human pathogenic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain sl1344 (s. tm) and commensal e. coli in inflammation-inflicted blooms. ...201424391500
proteomic comparison between salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhi.the genus salmonella contains more than 2500 serovars. while most cause the self-limiting gastroenteritis, a few serovars can elicit typhoid fever, a severe systemic infection. s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and s. typhi are the representatives of the gastroenteritis and typhoid fever types of salmonella. in this study, we adopted stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (silac) technology to quantitatively compare the proteomes of the two serovars. we found seve ...201424390840
particulate matters collected from ceramic factories in lampang province affecting rat lungs.lung cancer ranks as the fifth largest of all cancer cases in thailand. however, it is the first leading cancer in the northern part of thailand (data from 2003-2007). there are several predisposing causes that lead to lung cancer and one important inducement is particulate matters (pms). lampang province in thailand is famous for the ceramic industry, where there are over 200 ceramic industrial factories. pms are produced during the ceramic manufacturing process and spread throughout all of the ...201424390747
structure-based mechanism for na(+)/melibiose symport by melb.the bacterial melibiose permease (melb) belongs to the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter family, a part of the major facilitator superfamily (mfs). structural information regarding glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter family transporters and other na(+)-coupled permeases within mfs has been lacking, although a wealth of biochemical and biophysical data are available. here we present the three-dimensional crystal structures of salmonella typhimurium melbst in two conforma ...201424389923
toxicological assessment of enzyme-treated asparagus extract in rat acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies and genotoxicity tests.the safety of enzyme-treated asparagus extract (etas) developed as a novel anti-stress functional material was assessed in acute and subchronic studies and genotoxicity assays. in the acute oral dose toxicity study, all rats survived during the test period and etas did not influence clinical appearance, body weight gain and necropsy findings at a dosage of 2000mg/kg body weight. thus, the 50% lethal dose (ld50) of etas was determined to be greater than 2000mg/kg. the 90-day subchronic study (500 ...201424389363
mutagenic assessment of olmesartan cilexetil by bacterial mutation assay.hypertension is a serious health problem due to high frequency and concomitant other diseases including cardiovascular and renal dysfunction. olmesartan cilexetil is a new antihypertensive drug associated with angiotensin ii receptor antagonist. this study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenicity of olmesartan cilexetil by bacterial reverse mutation test using salmonella typhimurium (ta100, ta1535, ta98, and ta1537) and escherichia coli (wp2 uvra). at the concentrations of 0, 62, 185, 556, 166 ...201324386523
a toxin-antitoxin module of salmonella promotes virulence in mice.toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules are widely prevalent in both bacteria and archaea. originally described as stabilizing elements of plasmids, ta modules are also widespread on bacterial chromosomes. these modules promote bacterial persistence in response to specific environmental stresses. so far, the possibility that ta modules could be involved in bacterial virulence has been largely neglected, but recent comparative genomic studies have shown that the presence of ta modules is significantly assoc ...201324385907
structural analysis of o-polysaccharide chains extracted from different salmonella typhimurium strains.salmonella typhimurium is the major cause of invasive nontyphoidal salmonella disease in africa, with high mortality among children and hiv-infected individuals. currently, no vaccine is available for use in humans. antibodies directed against the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide molecule of salmonella mediate bacterial killing and are protective, and conjugation of the o-polysaccharide to a carrier protein represents a possible strategy for vaccine development. here we have purified t ...201424384528
outbreak of salmonellosis associated with consumption of pulled pork at a church festival - hamilton county, ohio, 2010.on june 18, 2010, hamilton county public health (hcph), a local health department in ohio, began receiving reports of gastrointestinal illness from persons who attended a church festival held during june 11-13 in a suburban community of hamilton county. hcph investigated and confirmed the existence of a foodborne outbreak associated with consumption of pulled pork prepared in a private home and sold at the church festival. sixty-four attendees with gastroenteritis were identified. salmonella ent ...201424381078
invasion-inhibitory antibodies elicited by immunization with plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen-1 expressed in pichia pastoris yeast.in a recent vaccine trial performed with african children, immunization with a recombinant protein based on plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1) conferred a significant degree of strain-specific resistance against malaria. to contribute to the efforts of generating a vaccine against plasmodium vivax malaria, we expressed the ectodomain of p. vivax ama-1 (pvama-1) as a secreted soluble protein in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. recognized by a high percentage of sera ...201424379279
iron-induced virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium at the intestinal epithelial interface can be suppressed by carvacrol.oral iron therapy can increase the abundance of bacterial pathogens, e.g., salmonella spp., in the large intestine of african children. carvacrol is a natural compound with antimicrobial activity against various intestinal bacterial pathogens, among which is the highly prevalent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. this study aimed to explore a presumed interaction between carvacrol and bacterial iron handling and to assess the potential of carvacrol in preventing the increase of bacterial p ...201424379194
differential timing of antibody-mediated phagocytosis and cell-free killing of invasive african salmonella allows immune evasion.nontyphoidal salmonellae commonly cause fatal bacteraemia in african children lacking anti-salmonella antibodies. these are facultative intracellular bacteria capable of cell-free and intracellular survival within macrophages. to better understand the relationship between extracellular and intracellular infection in blood and general mechanisms of ab-related protection against salmonella, we used human blood and sera to measure kinetics of ab and complement deposition, serum-mediated bactericida ...201424375424
in-vitro anticancer and antimicrobial activities of plga/silver nanofiber composites prepared by electrospinning.in the present work, a series of 0, 1 and 7 wt% silver nano-particles (ag nps) incorporated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (plga) nano-fibers were synthesized by the electrospinning process. the plga/ag nano-fibers sheets were characterized using sem, tem and dsc analyses. the three synthesized plga/silver nano-fiber composites were screened for anticancer activity against liver cancer cell line using mtt and ldh assays. the anticancer activity of plga nano-fibers showed a remarkable improvement d ...201424375170
identification of hild-regulated genes in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) encodes a type iii secretion system required for invasion of host gut epithelial cells. expression of spi-1 virulence genes is controlled by a complex hierarchy of transcription factors encoded within and outside spi-1. the master regulator of spi-1, hila, is itself regulated by three homologous transcription factors, hild, hilc, and rtsa. hild activates transcription of hila and other target genes in respons ...201424375101
identification and genetics of 6-thioguanine secreted by erwinia species and its interference with the growth of other bacteria.we identified a compound in culture supernatants of erwinia species, such as erwinia amylovora, e. pyrifoliae, e. billingiae, e. tasmaniensis, e. persicina and e. rhapontici absorbing at 340 nm, which was associated before with the yellow pigment produced by e. amylovora on media containing copper ions. the compound was purified from e. tasmaniensis strain et1/99 supernatants by chromatography on dowex-1 and dowex-50 columns and identified by hplc/ms and nmr analysis as 6-thioguanine (6tg). its ...201424374865
inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium in black pepper and red pepper by gamma irradiation.this study evaluated the efficacy of gamma irradiation to inactivate foodborne pathogens in black pepper (piper nigrum) and red pepper (dried capsicum annuum). black pepper and red pepper inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium were subjected to gamma irradiation in the range of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 kgy, and color change was evaluated after treatment. pathogen populations decreased with increasing treatment doses. a gamma irradiation dose of 5 kgy decreased e. coli o157:h ...201424370971
combination effect of ozone and heat treatments for the inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in apple juice.we investigated the combination effect of ozone and heat treatments in apple juice for the inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes. apple juices inoculated with the three pathogens were treated with gaseous ozone and heat simultaneously for up to 1 min. gaseous ozone treatment was progressed at a flow rate of 3.0 l/min with a concentration of 2.0-3.0 g/m³ and heat treatment was performed at temperatures of 25, 45, 50, and 55 °c. populations of ...201424362006
evaluation of a lytic bacteriophage, φ st1, for biocontrol of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in chickens.in this study, a salmonella typhimurium lytic bacteriophage, φ st1, which was isolated from chicken faecal material, was evaluated as a candidate for biocontrol of salmonella in chickens. the morphology of φ st1 showed strong resemblance to members of the siphoviridae family. φ st1 was observed to be a dna phage with an estimated genome size of 121 kbp. it was found to be able to infect s. typhimurium and s. hadar, with a stronger lytic activity against the former. subsequent characterisation of ...201424361838
transmission of an oxygen availability signal at the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium fis promoter.the nucleoid-associated protein fis is a global regulator of gene expression and chromosome structure in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. despite the importance of fis for infection and intracellular invasion, very little is known about the regulation of s. enterica fis expression. under standard laboratory growth conditions, fis is highly expressed during rapid growth but is then silenced as growth slows. however, if cells are cultured in non-aerated conditions, fis expression is susta ...201324358360
complete genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium var. 5- strain isolated from chicken breast.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is a leading cause of salmonellosis. here, we report a closed genome sequence, including sequences of 3 plasmids, of salmonella serovar typhimurium var. 5- cfsan001921 (national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system [narms] strain id n30688), which was isolated from chicken breast meat and shows resistance to 10 different antimicrobials. whole-genome and plasmid sequence analyses of this isolate will help enhance our understanding of t ...201324356834
complete genome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium myophage maynard.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a pathogenic bacterium that has been a major concern for food and public safety. phages infecting s. typhimurium may prove to be useful therapeutics against this harmful bacterium. here, we announce the complete genome of s. typhimurium t4-like myophage maynard and describe its features.201324356822
the safety of β-carotene from yarrowia lipolytica.crystalline β-carotene from genetically modified yarrowia lipolytica is an alternative source of β-carotene for use as a nutritional supplement. to support the use of β-carotene from y. lipolytica as a food ingredient, the genotoxic and subchronic toxicity potential of this compound was determined. genotoxicity was examined using salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli (ames test), a chromosomal aberration assay in chinese hamster ovary wbl cells, and the micronucleus test in cd-1 mice. all ...201424355170
the molecular properties of nitrobenzanthrone isomers and their mutagenic activities.the mutagenic activity of five mono-substituted nitrobenzanthrones (nba) has been determined in the ames assay (takamura-enya et al., 2006). in the present study, a theoretical investigation of the electronic properties of all mono-substituted nba isomers and their relation to mutagenic activity are presented. equilibrium geometries, vertical ionization potentials (vip), vertical electron affinities (vea), relative energies, dipole moments and electronic dipole polarizabilities, and the ir and r ...201424355164
regulation of salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) by the lysr-type regulator leuo.leuo is a quiescent lysr-type regulator belonging to the h-ns regulon. activation of leuo transcription represses expression of pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and inhibits invasion of epithelial cells. loss of hile suppresses leuo-mediated downregulation of spi-1. activation of leuo transcription reduces the level of hild protein, and loss of hile restores the wild type hild level. hence, leuo-mediated downregulation of spi-1 may involve inhibition of h ...201424354910
novel nitro-pah formation from heterogeneous reactions of pahs with no2, no3/n2o5, and oh radicals: prediction, laboratory studies, and mutagenicity.the heterogeneous reactions of benzo[a]pyrene-d12 (bap-d12), benzo[k]fluoranthene-d12 (bkf-d12), benzo[ghi]perylene-d12 (bghip-d12), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene-d14 (daip-d14), and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (dalp) with no2, no3/n2o5, and oh radicals were investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in an indoor teflon chamber and novel mono-no2-daip and mono-no2-dalp products were identified. quartz fiber filters (qff) were used as a reaction surface and the filter extracts were analyzed by gc/ms f ...201424350894
an investigation of salmonella typhimurium linked to contaminated eggs on the central coast of nsw, 2008. 201324350390
salmonella exploits nlrp12-dependent innate immune signaling to suppress host defenses during infection.the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 12 (nlrp12) plays a protective role in intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis, but the physiological function of this nlr during microbial infection is largely unexplored. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a leading cause of food poisoning worldwide. here, we show that nlrp12-deficient mice were highly resistant to s. typhimurium infection. salmonella-infected macrophage ...201424347638
non-essential genes form the hubs of genome scale protein function and environmental gene expression networks in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella typhimurium is an important pathogen of human and animals. it shows a broad growth range and survives in harsh conditions. the aim of this study was to analyze transcriptional responses to a number of growth and stress conditions as well as the relationship of metabolic pathways and/or cell functions at the genome-scale-level by network analysis, and further to explore whether highly connected genes (hubs) in these networks were essential for growth, stress adaptation and virulence.201324345035
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection-induced cd11b+ gr1+ cells ameliorate allergic airway inflammation.allergies are mainly characterized as an unrestrained th2-biased immune response. epidemiological data associate protection from allergic diseases with the exposure to certain infectious agents during early stages of life. modulation of the immune response by pathogens has been considered to be a major factor influencing this protection. recent evidence indicates that immunoregulatory mechanisms induced upon infection ameliorate allergic disorders. a longitudinal study has demonstrated reduced f ...201424343652
inhibition of the mutagenic effects of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine and 9-aminoacridine by indenopyridines in the salmonella typhimurium tester strain 1537 and e. coli.the goal of the present research was to determine the protective potential of five newly synthesized indenopyridine derivatives against n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) and 9-aminoacridine (9-aa) induced mutagenesis. mnng sensitive escherichia coli wp2uvra and 9-aa sensitive salmonella typhimurium ta1537 were chosen as the bacterial tester strains. all of the test compounds showed significant antimutagenic activity at various tested concentrations. the inhibition rates ranged from 25. ...201424341665
rapid colorimetric detection of salmonella typhimuriumusing a selective filtration technique combined with antibody-magnetic nanoparticle nanocomposites.detection of pathogenic bacteria that pose a great risk to human health requires a rapid, convenient, reliable, and sensitive detection method. in this study, we developed a selective filtration method using monoclonal antibody (mab)-magnetic nanoparticle (mnp) nanocomposites for the rapid and sensitive colorimetric detection of salmonella typhimurium. the method contains two key steps: the immunomagnetic separation of the bacteria using mab-mnp nanocomposites and the filtration of the nanocompo ...201424337136
fate of salmonella typhimurium in laboratory-scale drinking water biofilms.investigations were carried out to evaluate and quantify colonization of laboratory-scale drinking water biofilms by a chromosomally green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged strain of salmonella typhimurium. gfp encodes the green fluorescent protein and thus allows in situ detection of undisturbed cells and is ideally suited for monitoring salmonella in biofilms. the fate and persistence of non-typhoidal salmonella in simulated drinking water biofilms was investigated. the ability of salmonella to ...201324334837
decomposition of flux distributions into metabolic pathways.genome-scale reconstructions are often used for studying relationships between fundamental components of a metabolic system. in this study, we develop a novel computational method for analyzing predicted flux distributions for metabolic reconstructions. because chemical reactions may have multiple reactants and products, a directed hypergraph where hyperarcs may have multiple tail vertices and head vertices is a more appropriate representation of the metabolic network than a conventional network ...201624334391
structural, molecular orbital and optical characterizations of solvatochromic mixed ligand copper(ii) complex of 5,5-dimethyl cyclohexanate 1,3-dione and n,n,n',n'n″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine.in this work, a new solvatochromic mononuclear mixed ligand complex with the formula, cu(dmchd)(me5dien)no3 (where, dmchd=5,5-dimethyl cyclohexanate 1,3-dione and (me5dien)=n,n,n',n'n″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine was synthesized and characterized by analytical, spectral, magnetic, molar conductance, thermal gravimetric analysis (tga), x-ray diffraction (xrd) and transmission electron microscope (tem) measurements. the formation constant-value for copper (ii)-dmchd was found to be much lower th ...201424334014
salmonella typhimurium impedes innate immunity with a mast-cell-suppressing protein tyrosine phosphatase, sptp.the virulence of salmonella is linked to its invasive capacity and suppression of adaptive immunity. this does not explain, however, the rapid dissemination of the pathogen after it breaches the gut. in our study, s. typhimurium suppressed degranulation of local mast cells (mcs), resulting in limited neutrophil recruitment and restricting outflow of vascular contents into infection sites, thus facilitating bacterial spread. mc suppression was mediated by secreted effector protein (sptp), which s ...201324332031
salmonella's masterful skill in mast cell suppression.salmonella bacteria often cause food-borne diseases. in this issue of immunity, choi et al. (2013) demonstrate that the salmonella typhimurium-secreted protein tyrosine phosphatase, sptp, suppresses mast cell degranulation, which enables bacterial dissemination.201324332026
an infection-relevant transcriptomic compendium for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.bacterial transcriptional networks consist of hundreds of transcription factors and thousands of promoters. however, the true complexity of transcription in a bacterial pathogen and the effect of the environments encountered during infection remain to be established. we present a simplified approach for global promoter identification in bacteria using rna-seq-based transcriptomic analyses of 22 distinct infection-relevant environmental conditions. individual rna samples were combined to identify ...201324331466
microbiota-derived hydrogen fuels salmonella typhimurium invasion of the gut ecosystem.the intestinal microbiota features intricate metabolic interactions involving the breakdown and reuse of host- and diet-derived nutrients. the competition for these resources can limit pathogen growth. nevertheless, some enteropathogenic bacteria can invade this niche through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. using a mouse model for salmonella diarrhea and a transposon mutant screen, we discovered that initial growth of salmonella typhimurium (s. tm) in the unperturbed gut is powered by s. ...201324331462
synthesis and characterization of nano-encapsulated black pepper oleoresin using hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin for antioxidant and antimicrobial applications.previous studies have reported antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of black pepper oleoresin which is associated to its phenolic compounds and piperine. the ability of cyclodextrins to form an inclusion complex with a guest molecule could improve black pepper oleoresin application, bioavailability, and stability in foods. hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (hpbcd) inclusion complex with black pepper olereosin were synthesized using the kneading method and characterized for its physico-chemical p ...201324329956
molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- dt193 assut strains from two outbreaks in italy.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- dt193 is recognized as an emerging monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium in many european countries. resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracycline (r-type assut) is described as one of the most common profiles of resistance within this clone. recently, strains presenting such features were isolated from two unrelated outbreaks in italy. strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), ...201424328499
how enteric pathogens know they hit the sweet spot.ng km, ferreyra ja, higginbottom sk et al. microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens. nature 502(7469), 96-99 (2013). the human gut microbiota is a complex system of commensal microorganisms required for normal host physiology. disruption of this protective barrier by antibiotics creates opportunities for enteric pathogens to establish infections. although the correlation between the use of antibiotics and enteric infections have been known for so ...201424328376
variation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of natural populations of tunisian daucus carota l. (apiaceae).the essential oils of daucus carota l. (apiaceae) seeds sampled from ten wild populations spread over northern tunisia were characterized by gc-fid and gc/ms analyses. in total, 36 compounds were identified in the d. carota seed essential oils, with a predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in most samples (22.63-89.93% of the total oil composition). the main volatile compounds identified were β-bisabolene (mean content of 39.33%), sabinene (8.53%), geranyl acetate (7.12%), and elemicin (6.26 ...201324327447
the saccharomyces cerevisiae poly(a)-binding protein is subject to multiple post-translational modifications, including the methylation of glutamic acid.poly(a)-binding protein in mouse and man was recently found to be highly post-translationally modified. here we analysed an ortholog of this protein, pab1 from saccharomyces cerevisiae, to assess the conservation and thus likely importance of these modifications. pab1 showed the presence of six sites of methylated glutamate, five sites of lysine acetylation, and one phosphorylation of serine. many modifications on pab1 showed either complete conservation with those on human or mouse pabpc1, were ...201424326073
.analysis of the contribution of bacteriophage st64b to in vitro virulence traits of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.comparison of the publicly available genomes of the virulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) strains sl1344, 14028s and d23580 to that of the virulence-attenuated isolate lt2 revealed the absence of a full sequence of bacteriophage st64b in the latter. four selected st64b regions of unknown function (sb7-sb11, sb46, sb49-sb50 and sb54) were mapped by pcr in two strain collections: (i) 310 isolates of s. typhimurium from human blood or stool samples, and from food, animal ...201424324031
investigation of the antibacterial activity of a short cationic peptide against multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium strains and its cytotoxicity on eukaryotic cells.with the growing microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents, the development of novel and alternative therapeutic strategies are vital. during recent years novel peptide antibiotics with broad spectrum activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have been developed. in this study, antibacterial activity of cm11 peptide (wklfkkilkvl-nh2), a short cecropin-melittin hybrid peptide, is evaluated against antibiotic-resistant strains of klebsiella pneumoniae and salmo ...201424323118
effects of gamma irradiation for inactivating salmonella typhimurium in peanut butter product during storage.three types (a, b, and c) of peanut butter product with different water activities (0.18, 0.39, and 0.65 aw) inoculated with a 3-strain mixture of salmonella typhimurium were subjected to gamma irradiation (⁶⁰co) treatment, with doses ranging from 0 to 3 kgy. the inactivation of s. typhimurium in the 3 types of treated peanut butter product over a 14 day storage period and the influence of storage temperature at 4 (refrigerated) and 25 °c (ambient), and peanut butter product formulation were inv ...201424321602
structure of a pathogenic type 3 secretion system in action.type 3 secretion systems use 3.5-megadalton syringe-like, membrane-embedded 'injectisomes', each containing an ~800-å-long needle complex to connect intracellular compartments of infectious bacteria and hosts. here we identify requirements for substrate association with, transport through and exit from the injectisome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. this guided the design of substrates that become trapped within the secretion path and enabled visualization of injectisomes in action i ...201424317488
dietary safety of cycloastragenol from astragalus spp.: subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity studies.extracts, teas, and other preparations of astragalus roots (e.g., radix astragali) are historically recognized traditional medicines and foods. cycloastragenol (cag), a bioactive triterpene aglycone from astragalus root extracts, is being developed as a modern dietary ingredient. to this end, studies assessing subchronic toxicity and genotoxic potential were conducted. in the subchronic study with recovery component, rats ingested 0, 40, 80, or 150 mg/kg/d cag by oral gavage for ⩾91 consecutive ...201424316212
identification of phototransformation products of thalidomide and mixture toxicity assessment: an experimental and quantitative structural activity relationships (qsar) approach.the fate of thalidomide (td) was investigated after irradiation with a medium-pressure hg-lamp. the primary elimination of td was monitored and structures of phototransformation products (ptps) were assessed by lc-uv-fl-ms/ms. environmentally relevant properties of td and its ptps as well as hydrolysis products (htps) were predicted using in silico qsar models. mutagenicity of td and its ptps was investigated in the ames microplate format (mpf) aqua assay (xenometrix, ag). furthermore, a modifie ...201424316178
nontyphoidal salmonella infection in children with acute gastroenteritis: prevalence, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance in shanghai, china.information about nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) infection in children is limited in mainland china. the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance patterns of nts infection in children in shanghai. all cases with probable bacterial diarrhea were enrolled from the enteric clinic of a tertiary pediatric hospital between july 2010 and december 2011. salmonella isolation, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted by the m ...201424313784
[foodborne infections in france].prevention and control measures implemented along the human food chain in recent decades have been largely successful, as shown by the dramatic decrease in the incidence of listeriosis and certain salmonella serotypes. however, foodborne illness continues to be a serious public health threat, due mainly to salmonella, listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter. infections caused by less frequent micro-organisms such as shigatoxin-producing e. coli are also a concern, because of their serious healt ...201224313018
evaluation of genotoxic effects of new molecules with possible trypanocidal activity for chagas disease treatment.chagas disease is responsible for a large number of human infections and many are also at risk of infection. there is no effective drug for chagas disease treatment. the institute of pharmaceutical technology at fiocruz, brazil, has designed three nitro analogs of the nitroimidazole-thiadiazole, megazol: two triazole analogs ptal 05-02 and pamt 09 and a pyrazole analog ptal 04-09. a set of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains were used in the bacterial reverse mutation test (ames test ...201324311974
pyroptosis and adaptive immunity mechanisms are promptly engendered in mesenteric lymph-nodes during pig infections with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.in this study, we explored the transcriptional response and the morphological changes occurring in porcine mesenteric lymph-nodes (mln) along a time course of 1, 2 and 6 days post infection (dpi) with salmonella typhimurium. additionally, we analysed the expression of some salmonella effectors in tissue to complete our view of the processes triggered in these organs upon infection. the results indicate that besides dampening apoptosis, swine take advantage of the flagellin and prgj expression by ...201324308825
salmonella neck abscess as an opportunistic infection in diabetes mellitus.salmonella neck infections represent an uncommon cause of focal salmonellosis. while the incidence of nontyphoid salmonellosis is estimated at over 2 million cases annually, extraintestinal manifestations account for less than 1% of cases. this paper describes two patients with salmonella neck abscesses as the initial presentation of diabetes mellitus. the first patient was diagnosed as having salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis sternocleidomastoid pyomyositis and the second patient salmone ...201324307959
a link between gut community metabolism and pathogenesis: molecular hydrogen-stimulated glucarate catabolism aids salmonella virulence.glucarate, an oxidized product of glucose, is a major serum organic acid in humans. still, its role as a carbon source for a pathogen colonizing hosts has not been studied. we detected high-level expression of a potential glucarate permease encoding gene gudt when salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are exposed to hydrogen gas (h(2)), a gaseous by-product of gut commensal metabolism. a gudt strain of salmonella is deficient in glucarate-dependent growth, however, it can still use other monos ...201324307595
sulfolobus solfataricus thiol redox puzzle: characterization of an atypical protein disulfide oxidoreductase.protein disulfide oxidoreductases (pdos) are proteins involved in disulfide bond formation playing a crucial role in adaptation to extreme environment. this paper reports the functional and structural characterization of sso1120, a pdo from the hyperthermophilic archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus. the protein was expressed in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. the functional characterization showed that the enzyme has reductase activity, as tested by insulin assay, but differently from ...201424306780
effect of a diva vaccine with and without in-feed use of coated calcium-butyrate on transmission of salmonella typhimurium in pigs.for satisfactory salmonella control, good biosecurity along the pork production chain is crucial, although additional control measures on-farm need to be considered. this study evaluated the effect of two potential control measures against the spread of salmonella typhimurium via a transmission experiment with 56 piglets (3-15 weeks of age): two groups were orally vaccinated with 107 - 108 colony forming units (cfu)/2 ml of a new attenuated salmonella typhimurium vaccine 'salmoporc-∆rfaj' with d ...201324304918
redundancy in the periplasmic adaptor proteins acra and acre provides resilience and an ability to export substrates of multidrug efflux.the components of the acrab-tolc efflux pump function as a tripartite efflux system conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics and the individual components can also function in conjunction with other efflux pumps. this study aimed to establish whether redundancy exists between the homologous periplasmic adaptor proteins (paps) acra and acre and to measure the impact of this redundancy on antimicrobial resistance and the potential efficacy of inhibitor molecules.201424302652
associations between host characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella typhimurium.a collection of salmonella typhimurium isolates obtained from sporadic salmonellosis cases in humans from lower saxony, germany between june 2008 and may 2010 was used to perform an exploratory risk-factor analysis on antimicrobial resistance (amr) using comprehensive host information on sociodemographic attributes, medical history, food habits and animal contact. multivariate resistance profiles of minimum inhibitory concentrations for 13 antimicrobial agents were analysed using a non-parametri ...201424300336
salmonella typhimurium abscess of the chest wall.male, 73 final diagnosis: salmonella typhimurium abscess of the chest wall symptoms: -201324298305
toxic effects of nanoparticles on bioluminescence activity, seed germination, and gene mutation.the potential environmental toxicities of several metal oxide nanoparticles (nps; cuo, tio2, nio, fe2o3, zno, and co3o4) were evaluated in the context of bioluminescence activity, seed germination, and bacterial gene mutation. the bioassays exhibited different sensitivities, i.e., each kind of np exhibited a different level of toxicity in each of the bioassays. however, with a few exceptions, cuo and zno nps had most toxic for germination of lactuca seed (ec50 0.46 mg cuo/l) and bioluminescence ...201424297479
first report of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolate with carbapenemase (kpc-2) in colombia. 201424295970
efflux transport of serum amyloid p component at the blood-brain barrier.serum amyloid p component (sap), a member of the innate immune system, does not penetrate the brain in physiological conditions; however, sap is a stabilizing component of the amyloid plaques in neurodegenerative diseases. we investigated the cerebrovascular transport of human sap in animal experiments and in culture blood-brain barrier (bbb) models. after intravenous injection, no sap could be detected by immunohistochemistry or elisa in healthy rat brains. salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccha ...201324294499
pathogen detection by core-shell type aptamer-magnetic preconcentration coupled to real-time pcr.the presence of pathogenic bacteria is a major health risk factor in food samples and the commercial food supply chain is susceptible to bacterial contamination. thus, rapid and sensitive identification methods are in demand for the food industry. quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is one of the reliable specific methods with reasonably fast assay times. however, many constituents in food samples interfere with pcr, resulting in false results and thus hindering the usability of the met ...201424291643
in vitro assessment of the susceptibility of planktonic and attached cells of foodborne pathogens to bacteriophage p22-mediated salmonella lysates.this study was designed to evaluate the lytic activity of bacteriophage p22 against salmonella typhimurium atcc 19585 (salmonella typhimurium p22(-)) at various multiplicities of infections (mois), the susceptibility of preattached salmonella cells against bacteriophage p22, and the effect of p22-mediated bacterial lysates (extracellular dna) on the attachment ability of listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644 and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli atcc 700927 to surfaces. the numbers of attached salmo ...201324290682
occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in ground beef at retail stores in jalisco state, mexico.the occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella bacteria in commercial ground beef at retail establishments were investigated. salmonella was isolated from 135 (56.7%) of 238 ground beef samples collected at the same number of butcher's shops located in three municipalities of jalisco state, mexico, during an 11-month period. the isolation frequency differed by municipality (p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.05) during the warm season (68.5%) than during the cold sea ...201324290673
molecular characterization of antibiotic resistant salmonella typhimurium and salmonella kentucky isolated from pre- and post-chill whole broilers carcasses.there is conflicting data regarding whether commercial chilling has any effect on persistence of salmonella serovars, including antibiotic resistant variants, on chicken carcasses. a total of 309 salmonella typhimurium and salmonella kentucky isolates recovered from pre- and post-chill whole broiler carcasses were characterized for genetic relatedness using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and for the presence of virulence factors (inva, pagc, spvc) by pcr and for aerobactin and colicin p ...201424290620
antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect of methanol extracts of sweetpotato (ipomea batata) leaves.the present study was conducted to investigate the antimutagenic potential of the methanolic extract from the leaves of sweet potato (ipomea batatas, ib) with the sos chromotest (umu test) and salmonella typhimurium ta 98 and ta 100. the anticarcinogenic effects were also studied by calculation of the ic50 on human cancer cell lines and investigating the function of gap junction in rat liver epithelial cells. the ib extract inhibited dose-dependently the β-galactosidase activity induced spontane ...201024278503
defining the range of pathogens susceptible to ifitm3 restriction using a knockout mouse model.the interferon-inducible transmembrane (ifitm) family of proteins has been shown to restrict a broad range of viruses in vitro and in vivo by halting progress through the late endosomal pathway. further, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in its sequence have been linked with risk of developing severe influenza virus infections in humans. the number of viruses restricted by this host protein has continued to grow since it was first demonstrated as playing an antiviral role; all of which ente ...201324278312
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