Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| control of nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus replication by sirna. | our laboratory provided the first proof-of-concept that double-stranded short interfering rna (ds-sirna) can act as potent and specific antiviral agents. designed against specific mrnas of nonsegmented negative-stranded rna (nnr) viruses, sirnas abrogated expression of the corresponding viral proteins, and generated the predicted viral phenotypes. knockdown was demonstrated across different genera: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a pneumovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), a rhabdovirus; ... | 2004 | 15068877 |
| practice variation among pediatric emergency departments in the treatment of bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis is the most common disease of the lower respiratory tract in the first year of life. treatment is controversial, with studies giving conflicting views on the benefits of bronchodilators and steroids. the objectives of this study were 1) to characterize the management of bronchiolitis in pediatric emergency departments (peds) in canada, 2) to determine patient outcomes following emergency department (ed) visits, and 3) to provide descriptive data regarding bronchiolitis symptoms and ... | 2004 | 15064208 |
| economic impact of respiratory syncytial virus-related illness in the us: an analysis of national databases. | to determine the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on healthcare resource use and costs in the us from the third-party payer perspective. | 2004 | 15061677 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-related pneumonia after stem cell transplantation successfully treated with palivizumab and steroid therapy. | a case is reported of a 56-y-old woman with a second relapse of hodgkin's disease who early developed after autologous stem cell transplantation (asct) a severe rsv-related interstitial pneumonia successfully treated with 1-d intravenous palivizumab 8 mg/kg plus low-dose systemic steroid therapy. b-cells suppression with cmv antigenaemia were then observed and required treatment with ganciclovir and liposomal amfotericine b. | 2004 | 15061675 |
| role of serum neutralizing antibody in reinfection of respiratory syncytial virus. | to clarify the role of serum antibody in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) reinfection, the authors conducted a follow-up study of patients with primary rsv infection. | 2004 | 15056236 |
| interleukin 9 production in the lungs of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the most prevalent acute wheezing disorder in infants and is associated with recurrent wheeze and asthma in childhood. interleukin 9, a type 2 cytokine has been proposed as a key cytokine in susceptibility to asthma. we aimed to investigate whether interleukin 9 was produced in the lungs of infants with severe rsv disease and if found, from which cells it originated. | 2004 | 15051283 |
| phenyl phosphoramidate derivatives of stavudine as anti-hiv agents with potent and selective in-vitro antiviral activity against adenovirus. | adenoviruses are responsible for a broad range of clinical diseases that may be associated with high mortality, including pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephritis, and gastroenteritis in immunocompromised patients, including hiv-infected individuals. here we report the identification of halo-substituted stavudine phenyl phosphoramidate derivatives as a new class of dual-function anti-hiv agents with potent and selective anti-adenovirus (adv) activity. we examined the i ... | 2004 | 15051170 |
| the role of toll-like receptor 4 versus interleukin-12 in immunity to respiratory syncytial virus. | toll-like receptors (tlr) and il-12 represent key elements of innate immunity. using c57bl/10 sccr mice it was shown that tlr4 is important for control of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). since these mice have an additional defect in the il-12r, we reinvestigated immunity to rsv in several c57bl/10 and balb/c mouse strains lacking a functional tlr4, a functional il-12-il-12r interaction or both. in the absence of a functional il-12 axis, early virus control was impaired in c57bl ... | 2004 | 15048726 |
| intravenous ribavirin for eradication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus isolates from the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tract in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants. | in a retrospective analysis, we identified 38 evaluable patients who received intravenous ribavirin after adenovirus or rsv detection in the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tract throughout the years 1998 and 2001. a total of 43 treatment cycles are analyzed. intravenous ribavirin was combined with cidofovir in about half of the patients. in six out of eight patients treated because of rsv isolates from the respiratory tract, the virus was no longer detectable after treatment. in case of ade ... | 2004 | 15048064 |
| guidelines for preventing health-care--associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of cdc and the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee. | this report updates, expands, and replaces the previously published cdc "guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia". the new guidelines are designed to reduce the incidence of pneumonia and other severe, acute lower respiratory tract infections in acute-care hospitals and in other health-care settings (e.g., ambulatory and long-term care institutions) and other facilities where health care is provided. among the changes in the recommendations to prevent bacterial pneumonia, especially ven ... | 2004 | 15048056 |
| suppression of the induction of alpha, beta, and lambda interferons by the ns1 and ns2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus in human epithelial cells and macrophages [corrected]. | wild-type human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a poor inducer of alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta). however, recombinant hrsv lacking the ns1 and ns2 genes (delta ns1/2) induced high levels of ifn-alpha and -beta in human pulmonary epithelial cells (a549) as well as in macrophages derived from primary human peripheral blood monocytes. results with ns1 and ns2 single- and double-gene-deletion viruses indicated that the two proteins function independently as well as coordinately to ac ... | 2004 | 15047850 |
| advances in respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important causative agent of respiratory tract infections. young children with chronic lung or congenital heart disease are at increased risk for severe disease. intensive research into a candidate vaccine has yielded live attenuated vaccines and subunit vaccines, which have been studied in humans. although immunogenic, occurrence of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms with live attenuated vaccine prohibits evaluation in young infants. subunit ... | 2004 | 15043390 |
| bacteraemia and antibiotic use in respiratory syncytial virus infections. | to examine the frequency of and risk factors for bacteraemia in children hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection; and to determine current use of antibiotics in hospitalised children with rsv infection. | 2004 | 15033849 |
| a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the interferon-inducible t-cell alpha chemoattractant is attenuated in vivo. | murine interferon-inducible t-cell alpha chemoattractant (i-tac) is a potent non-elr cxc chemokine that predominantly attracts activated t lymphocytes, binds to the receptor cxcr3 and is induced by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). we analysed i-tac expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction during three different virus-infection models in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a and vaccinia virus western reserve (vv-wr). in the lungs from mice infected with rsv or in ... | 2004 | 15030574 |
| opportunities for early therapy of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection: what happens before hospitalization. | rsv loads of infants are already declining near the time of hospitalization. for optimal effect, antiviral and other rsv therapeutics therefore may need to be applied before this occurs. 134 rsv-hospitalized infants were studied to determine the timing of events and their healthcare seeking behavior prior to hospitalization. sixty-two percent of infants had contact with a health care professional > or = 1 day prior to hospitalization and 46% had such a contact on > or = 2 different days prior to ... | 2004 | 15026201 |
| transaminase levels in ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | to compare disease severity as judged by duration of ventilation, inotrope use and mortality in children ventilated for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-positive lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) with and without elevated transaminase levels and to determine the aetiology of elevated transaminase levels in this patient group. | 2004 | 15024569 |
| [treatment for viral respiratory infections: principles of action, strategies, and future prospects]. | pulmonary viral infections are associated with substantial morbidity and socioeconomic costs. rhinovirus, influenza a and b, adenovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and coronavirus are etiologies most often associated with infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. therapy of viral infections in nonimmunocompromised hosts has only developed slowly during recent years, despite the enormous socioeconomic impact. this is in part due to the complex virus/host interact ... | 2004 | 15021931 |
| the value of virus serology in epidemiological studies of acute otitis media in children. | acute otitis media (aom) is a major health problem in young children. there is a general conception that aom is a bacterial disease but with the availability of sensitive diagnostic methods, it has gradually become evident that viruses play an important role in the pathogenesis of aom. paired blood samples are seldom taken from infants although valuable information could be obtained by serological methods. during the recent finnish otitis media (finom) cohort study, in addition to nasopharyngeal ... | 2004 | 15018861 |
| surfactant protein-d enhances phagocytosis and pulmonary clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. | surfactant protein (sp)-d gene targeted (sp-d-/-) and wild-type mice were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by intratracheal instillation. decreased clearance of rsv was observed in sp-d-/- mice. deficiency of sp-d was associated with increased inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment in the lung after infection. in vitro, sp-d bound rsv-infected vero cells. binding was inhibited with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and maltose, suggesting that the carbohydrate recognition d ... | 2004 | 15016617 |
| concurrent serious bacterial infections in 912 infants and children hospitalized for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. | the objective of this study was to report the frequency of concurrent serious bacterial infections in infants and young children hospitalized for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection. data were collected through a retrospective review of the medical records of all 912 patients with a discharge diagnosis of rsv bronchiolitis or pneumonia between july 1, 2000 and june 30, 2002. two (0.43%) of 470 patients tested had a positive blood culture; both patient ... | 2004 | 15014307 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, pneumonia virus of mice, and influenza a virus differently affect respiratory allergy in mice. | respiratory viral infections in early childhood may interact with the immune system and modify allergen sensitization and/or allergic manifestations. in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during allergic provocation aggravates the allergic t helper (th) 2 immune response, characterized by the production of il-4, il-5, and il-13, and inflammatory infiltrates. however, it is unclear whether the rsv-enhanced respiratory allergic response is a result of non-specific virus-induced dama ... | 2004 | 15005745 |
| treatment with anti-lfa-1 delays the cd8+ cytotoxic-t-lymphocyte response and viral clearance in mice with primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) play an important role in the immune response against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the cell surface molecule lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (lfa-1) is an important contributor to ctl activation, ctl-mediated direct cell lysis, and lymphocyte migration. in an attempt to determine the role of lfa-1 during rsv infection, we treated balb/c mice with monoclonal antibodies to lfa-1 at days -1, +1, and +4 relative to primary rsv infection. anti-l ... | 2004 | 14990720 |
| the v-src and c-src tyrosine kinases immunoprecipitated from rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells display different peptide substrate specificities. | in the cells transformed by rous sarcoma virus (rsv), two src proteins are expressed: the ubiquitous tyrosine kinase c-src and the v-src, the product of the transforming gene of the virus. using three synthetic peptide substrates widely used for testing src kinase activity, we show that they are phosphorylated with different efficiencies by the v-src and c-src tyrosine kinases immunoprecipitated from the tumor cell line h19. the v-src displays higher efficiency (vmax/km ratio) toward all three p ... | 2004 | 14984208 |
| effect of zinc salts on respiratory syncytial virus replication. | zinc supplementation decreases the morbidity of lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients in the developing world. we sought to determine if zinc mediates a specific inhibitory effect against the major cause of pediatric lower respiratory tract disease, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). we determined the in vitro inhibitory effect of three zinc salts (zinc acetate, lactate, and sulfate) on the replication of rsv at various concentrations of 10 and 1 mm and 100 and 10 microm. the d ... | 2004 | 14982765 |
| role of complement in neutralization of respiratory syncytial virus. | serum neutralizing antibody titers to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are higher when assayed with guinea pig complement. a number of different mechanisms have been suggested for enhancement of neutralization by complement. the most straightforward is that complement-antibody complexes present a greater steric hindrance to viral entry than with antibody alone. to define the implications of measuring serum neutralizing antibody with and without complement, sera from adults, young children, infa ... | 2004 | 14981775 |
| epidemiological and antigenic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalised tunisian children, from 2000 to 2002. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children. infections with the virus occur as annual winter epidemics in temperate climates, placing considerable pressure on the provision of hospital beds. most molecular epidemiological studies have, until now, focused on isolates from infants in industrialised countries. no data have been available with regard to rsv strains from northern africa. in this report, a recent rsv outbreak in tuni ... | 2004 | 14981774 |
| pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis-related wheezing. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of virus infection of the human respiratory tract during the first two years of life, with virtually all children experiencing at least one infection within this period. although this usually leads to mild respiratory illness, some infants develop more severe disease (bronchiolitis, pneumonia, etc.) affecting the lower airways and frequently requiring hospitalisation. there is evidence that bronchiolitis hospitalisations have increased during t ... | 2004 | 14980267 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: the virus, the disease and the immune response. | rsv is the primary cause of hospitalisation in the first year of life for children in most parts of the world, and nearly 100% of children in the usa are infected with the virus by 2 to 3 years of age. the agent is an enveloped rna virus with a non-segmented single-stranded negative-sense genome. the viral genome encodes 8 structural and 2 non-structural proteins. important structural proteins include the fusion (f) protein and the attachment (g) protein which are essential for viral penetration ... | 2004 | 14980256 |
| the wheezy infant -- immunological and molecular considerations. | most of the data on the pathogenesis of asthma is based on information obtained through bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage in adults and young adults. ethical considerations linked to the invasive nature of airway endoscopy have limited the studies on the pathophysiology of asthma in infancy and early childhood. although there is evidence that an asthma-like inflammation, with increased inflammatory cells and thickening of the lung basement membrane, may be present also at a very earl ... | 2004 | 14980249 |
| respiratory syncytial virus escape mutant derived in vitro resists palivizumab prophylaxis in cotton rats. | palivizumab (pz) is the only monoclonal antibody in human use against an infectious disease. pz is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). pz prophylaxis reduces the likelihood of hospitalization for young children at risk for severe rsv infections. the quasispecies nature of rna viruses allows rapid emergence of viruses with a selective advantage. a pz resistant virus was selected by passage of rsv in the presence of pz in cell cu ... | 2004 | 14972528 |
| gene transfer by retroviral vectors: an overview. | viruses have evolved to deliver their genetic cargo to cells and, due to the pathogenicity of some viruses, this process has been the subject of a great deal of study. in this respect, retroviruses came to the fore in the early 1900s with the demonstration by ellermann and bang and by rous that chicken leukosis was caused by a virus, now referred to as avian sarcoma/leukosis virus (aslv). this began a body of work that led to the identification of virus-induced tumors in mammalian species and re ... | 2004 | 14970611 |
| the effect of respiratory synctial virus on chemokine release by differentiated airway epithelium. | respiratory synctial virus (rsv) infection of undifferentiated airway epithelial cells has been shown to induce the production of chemokines. the purpose of this study was to investigate the vectorial release of interleukin (il-8) and released on activation, normal t-cell expressed and secreted (rantes) by polarized, well-differentiated respiratory epithelial cells after rsv infection. human bronchial epithelial cultures were differentiated under air-liquid interface conditions and infected with ... | 2004 | 14967603 |
| ikappab kinase is a critical regulator of chemokine expression and lung inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major etiologic agent of severe epidemic lower respiratory tract infections in infancy. airway mucosal inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rsv disease in both natural and experimental infections. rsv is among the most potent biological stimuli that induce the expression of inflammatory genes, including those encoding chemokines, but the mechanism(s) that controls virus-mediated airway inflammation in vivo has not been fully elucidate ... | 2004 | 14963119 |
| erk-1/2 activity is required for efficient rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection up-regulates the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory mediators in bronchial epithelial cells. however, the specific signaling events immediately following rsv exposure are poorly understood. herein, we report that rsv attachment to a549 cells activates both erk-1 and erk-2 pathways within 5 min. inhibition of erk pathways significantly decreases rsv infection of these cells compared to controls. these results demonstrate that the activation of ... | 2004 | 14960303 |
| treating acute bronchiolitis associated with rsv. | treatment for infants with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) includes supplemental oxygen, nasal suctioning, fluids to prevent dehydration, and other supportive therapies. high-risk children who should be hospitalized include those younger than three months and those with a preterm birth, cardiopulmonary disease, immunodeficiency, respiratory distress, or inadequate oxygenation. inhaled beta2-agonist bronchodilators, the anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide, and nebu ... | 2004 | 14765771 |
| [human metapneumovirus may associate with acute respiratory infections in hospitalized pediatric patients in beijing, china]. | a new respiratory virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was recently identified by scientists in the netherlands first and then in a few other countries. to investigate if this newly discovered virus is associated with the acute respiratory infections in pediatric patients in beijing, tests were developed to detect hpmv gene fragments from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from infants and young children hospitalized for acute respiratory infections from november 2002 to march 2003. | 2003 | 14749002 |
| variables explaining the duration of hospitalization in children under two years of age admitted with acute airway infections: does respiratory syncytial virus have a direct impact? | duration of hospitalization is influenced by many factors. it is an important parameter for quality of care. so far it is unknown, whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) etiology itself contributes to the time in hospital. | 2004 | 14747964 |
| identification of a common hla-dp4-restricted t-cell epitope in the conserved region of the respiratory syncytial virus g protein. | the cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is important in both protection and immunopathogenesis. in contrast to hla class i, hla class ii-restricted rsv-specific t-cell epitopes have not been identified. here, we describe the generation and characterization of two human rsv-specific cd4(+)-t-cell clones (tccs) associated with type 0-like cytokine profiles. tcc 1 was specific for the matrix protein and restricted over hla-dpb1*1601, while tcc 2 was specific for the attach ... | 2004 | 14747542 |
| [inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus replication in cultured cells by rna-cleaving dnazyme]. | dnazyme/deoxyribozyme is another novel molecular biological tool following the ribozyme. dnazyme consists of a 15-nucleotide (nt) internal loop as its catalytic domain and two flanking substrate-recognition domains of 7 to 8 nt each which is complementary to substrate. the rna substrate is cleaved at a particular phosphodiester located between an unpaired purine and a paired pyrimidine residue. dnazyme has been applied in fields such as viral infectious disease, tumor, cardiovascular disease and ... | 2003 | 14744382 |
| management and prevention strategies for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants and young children: a review of evidence-based practice interventions. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children. the purpose of this paper is to review the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and assessment of rsv infection in infants and young children. there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal treatment for children with rsv infection. bronchodilators, racemic epinephrine, inhaled and systemic corticosteroids, rsv-immunoglobulin (rsv-ig ... | 2003 | 14743842 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus disease in the stockholm infant population, 1999 through 2002. | there are few independent, population-based reports that estimate the risk of hospitalization of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected infants before and during the palivizumab era. we present figures from the greater stockholm area during the three seasons after the introduction of palivizumab and relate them to data based on 1400 hospitalizations for rsv disease in the same population area during 1987 through 1998. | 2004 | 14743042 |
| latency and persistence of respiratory syncytial virus despite t cell immunity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes bronchiolitis in infants, which is associated with recurrent wheezing in later childhood. there is mounting evidence that the virus becomes latent or persists in vivo, but little is known about the mechanisms of its latency, persistence, and immune evasion. we therefore infected balb/c mice intranasally with human rsv, analyzed sequential tissue samples by direct culture and polymerase chain reaction for viral and messenger rna, and monitored antiviral im ... | 2004 | 14742302 |
| sphingosine kinase mediates activation of extracellular signal-related kinase and akt by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) preferentially infects lung epithelial cells. infected cells remain viable well into the infection. this prolonged survival results from rsv-induced activation of pro-survival pathways, including akt and extracellular signal-related kinase (erk). sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p) is a sphingolipid metabolite with demonstrated links to cell survival. it is enzymatically generated by sequential activation of ceramidase (generation of sphingosine) and sphingosine kinas ... | 2004 | 14742298 |
| orally active fusion inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus. | bms-433771 was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication in vitro. it exhibited excellent potency against multiple laboratory and clinical isolates of both group a and b viruses, with an average 50% effective concentration of 20 nm. mechanism-of-action studies demonstrated that bms-433771 inhibits the fusion of lipid membranes during both the early virus entry stage and late-stage syncytium formation. after isolation of resistant viruses, resistance was mapp ... | 2004 | 14742189 |
| [clinical evaluation of urinary leukotriene e4 levels in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | the levels of leukotriene e4 (lte4) of the urine were determined in 24 pediatric patients with infectious diseases due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), i.e., bronchitis, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis, and compared with those in controls without allergic disease. the level for lte4 of the acute-phase urine was 620+/-562 pg/mg. cr in the pediatric patients infected with rsv, being significantly higher than 190+/-67 pg/mg. cr in controls (p<0.005). the levels for lte4 of the urine in the recove ... | 2003 | 14739774 |
| increased toll-like receptor 4 expression in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the fusion protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) binds to the pattern recognition receptors, tlr4 and cd14, and initiates innate immunity response to the virus. the aim of the study was to investigate the expression of tlr4 on peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood of infants in both acute and convalescent phase of rsv bronchiolitis (n = 26). in addition, tnf-alpha expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes was also assessed. the results showed tlr4 ... | 2004 | 14738455 |
| pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. this study aimed to characterise changes in pulmonary pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in infants with rsv bronchiolitis over the course of the illness. on the day of intubation (day 1) and the day of extubation (day x), nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on term and preterm infants ventilated for rsv bronchiolitis and on control infants on day 1. tumour necrosis ... | 2004 | 14738241 |
| the future of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness in infants and children and is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in other populations. despite decades of research there are currently no licensed vaccines for prevention of rsv disease. | 2004 | 14730272 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus g antigenicity to vaccine-enhanced illness and the implications for severe disease during primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | immunization of balb/c mice with vaccinia virus expressing the g glycoprotein (vvg) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or with formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated rsv (fi-rsv) predisposes for severe illness, type 2 cytokine production and pulmonary eosinophilia after challenge with live rsv. this similar disease profile has led to the proposal that the presence of the g glycoprotein in the fi-rsv preparation was the immunologic basis for the vaccine-associated enhancement of disease observe ... | 2004 | 14730270 |
| physiologic risk factors for respiratory viral infections and immunoprophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus in young children with congenital heart disease. | infants and children with congenital heart disease (chd) are a population at increased risk for infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and its inherent complications compared with the general population. rsv infection increases morbidity from respiratory complications in young chd patients. | 2004 | 14730269 |
| predisposition of infants with chronic lung disease to respiratory syncytial virus-induced respiratory failure: a vascular hypothesis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes the highest rate of severe respiratory infections and mortality in infants and children worldwide. preterm infants with underlying chronic lung disease (cld), including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), are among those at high risk for severe morbidity, long term sequelae and mortality postinfection. the definition of cld/bpd has evolved and is currently described as a disease of restricted lung development (i.e. impaired alveolar and pulmonary vascular d ... | 2004 | 14730268 |
| packaging and reverse transcription of snrnas by retroviruses may generate pseudogenes. | retroviruses specifically package two copies of their rna genome in each viral particle, along with some small cellular rnas, including trnas and 7s l rna. we show here that rous sarcoma virus (rsv) also packages u6 snrna at approximately one copy per virion. in addition, trace amounts of u1 and u2 snrnas were detected in purified virus by northern blotting. u6 snrna comigrated with the rsv 70s genomic rna dimer on sucrose gradients. we observed reverse transcription of u6 snrna in an endogenous ... | 2004 | 14730028 |
| weaning infants with respiratory syncytial virus from mechanical ventilation through a fuzzy-logic controller. | we have previously developed a fuzzy logic controller for weaning adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using pressure support ventilation (psv). we used the core of our fuzzy logic-based weaning platform and further developed parametrizable components for weaning newborns of differing body size and disease-state. the controller was validated on neonates recovering from congenital heart disease (chd) while receiving synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation (simv). we wished to ... | 2003 | 14728223 |
| regional differences in the early mucosal immune response induced by primary inoculation of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of respiratory tract infection in infants. little is known about the characteristics of critical immunologic inductive sites within respiratory-associated lymphoid tissues (ralt) upon rsv infection. we examined the kinetics and characteristics of early mucosal rsv-specific immune responses after primary inoculation of mice. we found that the initial production of virus-specific antibodies was restricted to the organized lymphoid tissu ... | 2004 | 14726231 |
| influence of promoter variants of interleukin-10, interleukin-9, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes on respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | previously, we reported genetic associations between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants and polymorphisms in the interleukin (il)-4 and il-4 receptor alpha (il-4ralpha) genes, providing evidence for involvement of t helper type 2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis. we expanded our studies to polymorphisms in genes encoding il-9, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, using both a transmission/disequilibrium test and a case-control approach. c ... | 2004 | 14722888 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly persons. | risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were determined in 3 cohorts of adults during 2 consecutive winters (1999-2000 and 2000-2001) in rochester, new york. community-dwelling healthy persons > or =65 years old and persons >21 years old who had underlying symptomatic cardiopulmonary conditions were prospectively evaluated for rsv infection. evidence of infection was also sought in persons who were > or =65 years old or had underlying cardiopulmonary disease and who w ... | 2004 | 14722887 |
| molecular and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children. | the objective of this study was to determine the importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for hospitalization in the north east of germany and to obtain molecular epidemiological data of the circulating strains. using a rapid and sensitive reverse transcriptase-pcr, it was found that a quarter of pediatric respiratory disease admissions were due to rsv. infections caused by rsv in hospitalized patients were determined over the whole year. both rsv groups a and b were identified with a pre ... | 2005 | 14722763 |
| specific inhibition of type i interferon signal transduction by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory viruses often express mechanisms to resist host antiviral systems, but the biochemical basis for evasion of interferon effects by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is poorly defined. in this study, we identified rsv effects on interferon (ifn)-dependent signal transduction and gene expression in human airway epithelial cells. initial experiments demonstrated inhibition of antiviral gene expression induced by ifn-alpha and ifn-beta, but not ifn-gamma, in epithelial cells infected with ... | 2004 | 14722224 |
| human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, brazil. | we describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 111 children attending clinics and hospitals in aracaju, northeast brazil, with acute respiratory infections attributable to human metapneumovirus (hmpv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), or both in may and june 2002. fifty-three (48%) children were infected with rsv alone, 19 (17%) with hmpv alone, and 8 (7%) had rsv/hmpv co-infections. | 2003 | 14720409 |
| sensitivity of respiratory virus culture when screening with r-mix fresh cells. | use of r-mix fresh cells has been shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for the detection and identification of respiratory viruses. we prospectively evaluated the impact of incorporation of r-mix shell vials on the sensitivity and time to detection of seven respiratory viruses recovered in a comprehensive culture during the course of an entire respiratory season in a high-volume clinical laboratory. in this study, r-mix shell vials were used as part of the culture of 3803 respiratory specime ... | 2004 | 14715735 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of influenza and human respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed with a lightcycler instrument for detection of influenza viruses a and b and the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). detection of each viral product and of an internal control was based on determination of specific melting temperatures by the lightcycler software. the lower limit of detection in the multiplex pcr assay was found to be 50 copies for each viral target. in an evaluation of nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized childre ... | 2004 | 14715730 |
| sustained increases in numbers of pulmonary dendritic cells after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants can lead to wheezing and early allergic sensitization. in mice, rsv infection enhances allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. dendritic cells are critical in inducing t-cell responses to both viruses and allergens and could be pivotal in regulating interactions between these. | 2004 | 14713917 |
| genetic analysis of a divergent selection for resistance to rous sarcomas in chickens. | selection for disease resistance related traits is a tool of choice for evidencing and exploring genetic variability and studying underlying resistance mechanisms. in this framework, chickens originating from a base population, homozygote for the b19 major histocompatibility complex (mhc) were divergently selected for either progression or regression of tumors induced at 4 weeks of age by a sr-d strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv). the first generation of selection was based on a progeny test and ... | 2004 | 14713410 |
| persistent airway inflammation after resolution of respiratory syncytial virus infection in rats. | neurogenic inflammation is markedly potentiated in airways that are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). aims of this study were to determine whether this potentiation persists after the virus is cleared, investigate the mechanism of postviral potentiation, and define whether prophylaxis with a mab against the rsv fusion protein (palivizumab) prevents this effect. thirty days after inoculation, no evidence of active rsv infection was found in the airway epithelium by plaque assay or ... | 2004 | 14711892 |
| microenvironmental regulation of the initiated cell. | in the classical skin model of tumor initiation, keratinocytes treated once with carcinogen retain their normal appearance and growth behavior indefinitely unless promoted to growth into papillomas. because many of the papillomas regress and may recur with further promotion, their cells can also be considered as initiated. the growth of initiated keratinocytes can be inhibited either in vitro or in vivo by close association with an excess of normal keratinocytes, but it is enhanced by dermal fib ... | 2003 | 14710946 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in ex-preterm infants in the scottish highlands: review of hospital admissions and an analysis of hospital cost. | ex-preterm infants are vulnerable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and their hospital admission is associated with increased morbidity. palivizumab is currently available as prophylaxis against rsv infection but its use in ex-preterm infants is controversial. a retrospective case review study was, therefore, carried out to determine the rate of readmission with rsv bronchiolitis among ex-preterm infants in the highland region of scotland and to estimate the hospital cost per ad ... | 2003 | 14702843 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection--risk factors for hospital admission: a case-control study. | most infants are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during the first 2 y of life. the majority have only a mild upper respiratory tract infection, but 1-2% develop a more severe illness and are admitted to hospital. | 2003 | 14696852 |
| evidence of human metapneumovirus in children in argentina. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a virus, which was first associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children but is detected currently in all age groups. clinical symptoms are similar to those described for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children. to date, no cases of hmpv have been reported in argentina. in this study, 440 respiratory samples obtained during the period 1998-2002 from children ... | 2004 | 14695673 |
| presence of specific viruses in the middle ear fluids and respiratory secretions of young children with acute otitis media. | the purpose of the study was to investigate the presence of different viruses in middle ear fluids and nasopharyngeal aspirates in young children with acute otitis media. two cohorts of children (n = 329 and 611) were followed from 2 to 24 months of age in finland in two prospective studies (finnish otitis media cohort study and finnish otitis media vaccine trial). during the study period, nasopharyngeal and middle ear fluid specimens for each acute otitis media event were examined for eight (co ... | 2004 | 14695665 |
| viral infections, atopy, and asthma: is there a causal relationship? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains the chief cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illnesses in both infants and young children, and can produce severe outcomes. in addition, several studies have suggested that infants in whom rsv bronchiolitis develops may have recurrent wheezing and asthma later in childhood. further complicating the picture is the question of whether there is a link between rsv infection in infancy and the development of atopy later in childhood. this re ... | 2004 | 14694345 |
| effects of altering the transcription termination signals of respiratory syncytial virus on viral gene expression and growth in vitro and in vivo. | nonsegmented negative-sense rna viruses (mononegaviruses) control viral gene expression largely through a transcription gradient such that promoter-proximal genes are transcribed more abundantly than downstream genes. for some paramyxoviruses, naturally occurring differences in the levels of efficiency of transcription termination by various gene end (ge) signals provide an additional level of regulation of gene expression. the first two genes (ns1 and ns2) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a ... | 2004 | 14694100 |
| [association of acute bronchiolitis with climate factors and environmental contamination]. | annually, acute bronchiolitis (ab) occurrence peaks during winter and is probably associated with air pollution. | 2003 | 14692300 |
| progress in the development of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are leading causes of viral lower respiratory tract illness in children and in high-risk adult populations. despite decades of research, licensed vaccines for rsv and hpivs do not exist. recently, however, genetically engineered live attenuated rsv and hpiv candidate vaccines have been generated, several of which are already being evaluated in clinical trials. recombinant technology allows candidate vaccines to be "fine-tu ... | 2003 | 14689350 |
| association of matrix protein of respiratory syncytial virus with the host cell membrane of infected cells. | the matrix protein of paramyxoviruses plays an important role in virus assembly through its interactions with cell membrane, virus envelope and virus nucleocapsid. in the present study, we investigated the possible association of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) matrix (m) protein with the plasma membrane of infected cells. using confocal microscopy we found that m was present at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. we used flotation gradients to purify membranes from rsv infected cells ... | 2004 | 14689285 |
| improved effector activity and memory cd8 t cell development by il-2 expression during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection in young children and the elderly. studies of mice suggest that rsv suppresses the effector activity of cd8 t cells and the development of pulmonary cd8 t cell memory, in which the impaired effector activity could be recovered by in vitro il-2 treatment. to investigate the effect of in vivo il-2 expression on rsv immunity, mice were infected with rsv followed by administration of replication-defective adenovirus ex ... | 2004 | 14688360 |
| antigen presentation by a macrophage-like cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | severe infection by the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) early in life is associated with subsequent recurrent airway disease presumably mediated by dysregulation of the local immune response. dysfunction of the immune response may be related to impaired macrophage functions. we have previously reported that rsv persistence in a macrophage culture (mphiper) alters fcgamma receptors (fcgammar)-mediated phagocytosis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. here, we determined wheth ... | 2004 | 14687952 |
| cytokine pattern is solely influenced by priming vaccine but immunity and disease by both priming and boosting vaccines in mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. | vaccine formulation can influence cytokine and disease patterns in mice following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge. the influence of different live and killed dual-vaccine combinations on subsequent immune responses was investigated. balb/c mice received either killed followed by killed (kv/kv), killed followed by live (kv/lv), live followed by killed (lv/kv), or live followed by live (lv/lv) rsv vaccines intramuscularly. mouse weight loss, viral replication, cytokine expression patte ... | 2004 | 14687950 |
| a placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of north american ginseng (cvt-e002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults. | to compare a proprietary extract of american ginseng, cvt-e002, with placebo in preventing acute respiratory illness (ari) in an institutional setting during the influenza season. | 2004 | 14687309 |
| vaccine therapy for murine glioma using tumor cells genetically modified to express b7.1. | in a syngeneic mouse brain tumor model, we tested the hypothesis that vaccination with tumor cells genetically modified to express b7.1 molecules induces tumor-specific t cells and immunological antitumor effects. | 2004 | 14683556 |
| [the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases]. | viral infections, especially recurrent viral infections in childhood are a well-known risk factor of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the development of asthma and copd. the aim of this review was description of the possible role of viruses in the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases. even though a lot of mechanisms in which viruses induce asthma and obstructive lung disease remain unclear, the role of viruses seems to be undeniable. respiratory syncytial virus--a common cause of childhood ... | 2003 | 14679861 |
| respiratory syncytial virus augments production of fibroblast growth factor basic in vitro: implications for a possible mechanism of prolonged wheezing after infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been linked to the development of clinical asthma. cellular mechanisms of this observation are not yet clearly elucidated. in chronic asthma, production of growth factors and remodeling are associated with prolonged wheezing. it was hypothesized that cells infected with rsv may produce excessive levels of fibroblast growth factor basic (fgfb), and epidermal growth factor (egf). airway epithelial cells were incubated with either: (i) virus, (ii) inactivated v ... | 2003 | 14675469 |
| the clinical and health economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease among children under 2 years of age in a defined geographical area. | to describe the clinical and health economic impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in children under 2 years of age. | 2003 | 14670770 |
| antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of dna and rna viruses. | we investigated whether crude hop extracts and purified hop components representing every major chemical class of hop compound have antiviral activity. these hop constituents were tested for antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), influenza a virus (flu-a), influenza b virus (flu-b), rhinovirus (rhino), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), yellow fever virus (yfv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepa ... | 2004 | 14670594 |
| detection of influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during asthma attacks in children older than 2 years old. | viral upper respiratory tract infections (urti) have been correlated with the onset of asthma attacks in children and viral identification was reported in 14-49 % of nasal samples. the aim of the present study was to detect influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in older children during acute asthma attacks. | 2003 | 14670285 |
| [effectiveness of passive immunisation against respiratory syncytium virus in a group of premature infants with birth weight below 1000 grams]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infection during the child's first year of life. those who survive neonatal intensive care are commonly rehospitalized. in the absence of vaccine, passive immunoprophylaxis is the preferred approach. safety and efficacy of palivizumab (synagis) was proven in the impact-rsv trial, conducted in the usa, canada and uk. the aim of the study was to determine efficacy of humanized monoclonal rsv antibody in prematures infants born ... | 2003 | 14669411 |
| use of vascular endothelial cell growth factor gene transfer to enhance implantable sensor function in vivo. | in the current study, we developed and validated a simple, rapid and safe in vivo model to test gene transfer and sensor function in vivo. using the model, we tested the specific hypothesis that in vivo gene transfer of angiogenic factors at sites of biosensor implantation would induce neovascularization surrounding the sensor and thereby enhance biosensor function in vivo. as the in vivo site for testing of our gene transfer cell and biosensor function systems, the developing chorioallantoic me ... | 2003 | 14666925 |
| dimeric rous sarcoma virus capsid protein structure relevant to immature gag assembly. | the structure of the n-terminal domain (ntd) of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) capsid protein (ca), with an upstream 25 amino acid residue extension corresponding to the c-terminal portion of the gag p10 protein, has been determined by x-ray crystallography. purified gag proteins of retroviruses can assemble in vitro into virus-like particles closely resembling in vivo-assembled immature virus particles, but without a membrane. when the 25 amino acid residues upstream of ca are deleted, gag assembles ... | 2004 | 14659756 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is independent of il-13 compared with that induced by allergen. | il-13 is a central mediator of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr), but its role in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced ahr is not defined. the combination of allergen exposure and rsv infection is known to increase ahr and lung inflammation, but whether il-13 regulates this increase is similarly not known. | 2003 | 14657862 |
| regulation of mite allergen-pulsed murine dendritic cells by respiratory syncytial virus. | dendritic cells (dcs) are the only antigen-presenting cells that determine t-cell differentiation and play an important role in both allergy and viral infection. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can infect dcs and affect their functions. the aim of this study was to determine the interaction between rsv infection and dermatophagoides farinae allergen (d. farinae) sensitization on the development of allergy at the dc level. murine bone marrow-derived dcs were prepared and treated as: control; d. ... | 2004 | 14656751 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity and cytokine expression in calves vaccinated with formalin-inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus prior to challenge. | the development of effective, safe vaccines for human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been problematic. inactivated rsv vaccines are of variable efficacy; poor efficacy may be related to induction of ineffective cell-mediated immunity (cmi). to characterize cmi in calves vaccinated with formalin inactivated (fi) brsv, 11 calves were vaccinated twice with fi-brsv (n=5) or mock vaccine (n=6) at a 2 week interval and challenged 1 month later. prior to challenge a cannula was placed ... | 2004 | 14656542 |
| revised indications for the use of palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) are licensed by the food and drug administration for use in preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in high-risk infants, children younger than 24 months with chronic lung disease (formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and certain preterm infants. this report summarizes the clinical trial information on which the guidance in the accompanying policy statement for administering rsv prop ... | 2003 | 14654628 |
| revised indications for the use of palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) are licensed by the food and drug administration for use in preventing severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in high-risk infants, children younger than 24 months with chronic lung disease (formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and certain preterm infants. this statement provides revised recommendations for administering rsv prophylaxis to infants and children ... | 2003 | 14654627 |
| influenza a in young children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to determine the prevalence of influenza a in young children suspected of having respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and to compare the clinical presentation of these patients with those who have proven rsv infection. | 2003 | 14644795 |
| short duration aerosols of jnj 2408068 (r170591) administered prophylactically or therapeutically protect cotton rats from experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. | cotton rats exposed to continuous small droplet aerosols of 2[[2-[[1-(2-aminoethyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino]-4-methyl-1h-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]-6-methyl-3-pyridinol (jnj 2408068) or its hydrochloric salt for only 15 min, one day prior to virus inoculation or one day after, were significantly protected from pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection compared to control animals similarly infected but exposed to aerosols of placebo at these times. no evidence of toxicity was seen in any o ... | 2003 | 14638398 |
| substituted benzimidazoles with nanomolar activity against respiratory syncytial virus. | a cell-based assay was used to discover compounds inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced fusion in hela/m cells. a lead compound was identified and subsequent synthesis of >300 analogues led to the identification of jnj 2408068 (r170591), a low molecular weight (mw 395) benzimidazole derivative with an ec(50) (0.16 nm) against some lab strains almost 100,000 times better than that of ribavirin (15 microm). antiviral activity was confirmed for subgroup a and b clinical isolates of h ... | 2003 | 14638397 |
| apical recycling systems regulate directional budding of respiratory syncytial virus from polarized epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. rsv infection is limited to the superficial layers of the respiratory epithelium in immunocompetent individuals. consistent with this in vivo observation, we and others have found that rsv buds preferentially from the apical surface of infected polarized epithelial cells. in contrast, directional budding is not observed in nonpolarized human epithelial ce ... | 2003 | 14630951 |
| modeling the structure of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein by silent-mutation analysis of global searching molecular dynamics. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes a small hydrophobic (sh) protein, whose function in the life cycle of the virus is unknown. recent channel activity measurements of the protein suggest that like other viroporins, sh may assemble into a homo-oligomeric ion channel. to further our understanding of this potentially important protein, a new strategy was implemented in order to model the transmembrane oligomeric bundle of the protein. global searching molecular dynamic simulations of s ... | 2003 | 14627728 |
| otitis and respiratory distress episodes following a respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to document, over two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons, the occurrence of acute otitis media (aom) and recurrence of respiratory distress in children < 2 years of age hospitalized for respiratory distress. | 2003 | 14616742 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as a common cause of respiratory illness in children younger than 5 years]. | 2003 | 14616052 | |
| bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus in an area of portugal: epidemiology, clinical features, and risk factors. | the aim of the present study was to analyse the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 225 children observed in a paediatric hospital in lisbon, portugal, and to determine the clinical, epidemiological, or laboratory parameters that correlate with greater severity of the disease. this prospective study included hospitalised and ambulatory children younger than 36 months of age with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis and was conducte ... | 2004 | 14615937 |