Publications

camel: a new egyptian host for fasciola gigantica.	f. gigantica is a known liver fluke in egypt. infection has been reported in sheep, goats, buffaloes, cows and donkeys. human cases have been reported from several governorates. this paper records camels as an additional host for f. gigantica in egypt. in such materials worms attained a length of 6.0-6.3 cm.	2000	10946507
new genetic variants identified in donkey's milk whey proteins.	novel genetic variants for donkey milk lysozyme and beta-lactoglobulins i and ii have been identified by the combined use of peptide mass mapping and sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry in association with database searching. the novel donkey lysozyme variant designated as lysozyme b (mr 14,631 da) differed in three amino acid exchanges, n49 --> d, y52 --> s, and s61 --> n, from the previously published sequence. three novel genetic variants for donkey beta-lactoglobulins were identified. one ...	2000	10945434
the tetracycline repressor-a paradigm for a biological switch.	the excessive use of antibiotics has enabled bacteria to develop resistance through a variety of mechanisms. the most common bacteriostatic action of the broad-spectrum antibiotic tetracycline (tc) is by the inactivation of the bacterial ribosome so that the protein biosynthesis is interrupted and the bacteria die. the most common mechanism of resistance in gram-negative bacteria against tc is associated with the membrane-intrinsic protein teta, which exports invaded tc out of the bacterial cell ...	2000	10941016
an immunological profile of balb/c mice protected from airborne challenge following vaccination with a live attenuated venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccine.	the live attenuated vaccine strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), tc-83, protects mice against challenge (subcutaneous and aerosol) with virulent veev but is not suitable for widescale human use. elucidation of the immune response profile of protected mice should assist in the development of an improved vaccine. we determined the optimum dose of tc-83 required to consistently protect balb/c mice from airborne challenge with the virulent trinidad donkey strain of veev and studied ...	2000	10930689
immunological surrogate parameters in a prognostic model for multi-organ failure and death.	to assess the ability of clinical or biochemical parameters to predict outcome (survival or non-survival; severe or moderate/no complication) using multiple regression analyses.	2000	10903188
[safety and feasibility of intracoronary brachytherapy with the novoste system within the scope of international multicenter studies].	clinical trials are increasingly investigating the effects of intracoronary radiation for the treatment of de-novo lesions, restenosis (without stents), and in-stent restenosis. as the first group in germany, we had the opportunity to use the novoste system within the international multicenter studies beta-cath, start and brie and report our preliminary experience regarding safety and feasibility of intracoronary brachytherapy with this afterloader. a total of 95 patients were enrolled. the novo ...	2000	10868007
glycosylation in the near-term epitheliochorial placenta of the horse, donkey and camel: a comparative study of interbreeding and non-interbreeding species.	studies from this laboratory have shown great diversity in the glycosylation of tissues comprising the interhaemal barrier of species with different placental types. this diversity may be one of the factors preventing interbreeding between species. glycan expression within the uterine epithelium and trophoblast of the interhaemal barrier was examined to test this proposition in three species with similar diffuse, microcotyledonary, epitheliochorial allantochorionic types of placenta: the horse ( ...	2000	10864805
clinical, bacteriologic, serologic, and pathologic features of infections with atypical taylorella equigenitalis in mares.	to characterize clinical, serologic, bacteriologic, cytologic, and pathologic endometrial responses of mares to 2 donkey-origin atypical bacterial isolates resembling taylorella equigenitalis.	2000	10863594
novel 67-bp insertional mutation in the ass gene in a patient with citrullinemia.		2000	10862106
cationic mixed micelles in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin: a host-guest study.	the conductances of trimethyltetradecylammonium bromide (ttab)+triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide (ttpb) and ttab+trimethylhexadecylammonium bromide (htab) over the entire mole fraction range of ttab (alpha(ttab)) were measured in water and in beta-cyclodextrin+water (cd+w) mixtures at fixed 4 and 8 mm of cd at 30 degrees c. the conductivity plots for both binary mixtures show a single break from which the mixed critical micelle concentration (cmc) and degree of micelle ionization (chi) were ...	2000	10860597
the sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine-butorphanol and detomidine alone in donkeys.	butorphanol and detomidine constitute an effective combination for sedation and analgesia in horses. this trial was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of this combination in donkeys. the detomidine and butorphanol were given intravenously one after the other. a dose of 10 microg/kg of detomidine and 25 microg/kg of butorphanol was used. sedation is easily extended by additional doses of butorphanol. the average dose of detomidine was 11.24 microg/kg and that of butorphanol was 28.0 microg/kg ...	1999	10852680
comparative infectivity of fasciola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the bolivian altiplano high human endemic region.	fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica (linnaeus, 1758) is an endemic disease on the northern bolivian altiplano, where human prevalences and intensities are the highest known, sheep and cattle are the main reservoir hosts, and pigs and donkeys the secondary ones. investigations were carried out to study the viability of metacercariae experimentally obtained from eggs shed by naturally infected altiplanic sheep, cattle, pigs and donkeys. a total of 157 wistar rats were infected with doses of 5, 1 ...	2000	10833011
[history of kraków hematology].	the development of the studies of the blood diseases at the iiird department of internal medicine and later at the department of hematology of the medical academy and subsequently the collegium medicum at the jagiellonian university in the years 1950 to 2000 are presented here. the cracow hematological center, headed by professor julian aleksandrowicz from 1950 to 1979, by professor julian blicharski from 1979 to 1989, by ass. professor jerzy lisiewicz from 1990 to 1993, and presently by aleksan ...	2000	10822988
long-term prevention of ischaemic stroke and stroke recurrence.	stroke is the third most important cause of mortality, but the leading cause of severe handicap, dependency, and loss of social competence. because of the high recurrence rate, active secondary prevention is mandatory once a stroke has occurred. secondary prevention of stroke implies the primary prevention of cardiovascular disorders as well. among the modifiable risk factors hypertension is worst and should be normalized according to recent who criteria, also in the elderly. smoking is another ...	2000	10812161
results of radiotherapy for epithelial skin cancer of the pinna: the princess margaret hospital experience, 1982-1993.	to assess the treatment outcome, late toxicity, and prognostic factors for radiotherapy (rt) of carcinoma of the pinna.	2000	10802373
[ass or clopidogrel? in high vascular risk it is best to give both].		2000	10783615
role of c-peptide in human physiology.	the c-peptide of proinsulin is important for the biosynthesis of insulin but has for a long time been considered to be biologically inert. data now indicate that c-peptide in the nanomolar concentration range binds specifically to cell surfaces, probably to a g protein-coupled surface receptor, with subsequent activation of ca(2+)-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. the association rate constant, k(ass), for c-peptide binding to endothelial cells, renal tubular cells, and fibroblasts is ...	2000	10780930
detection of antibodies to leishmania donovani in animals in a kala-azar endemic region in eastern sudan: a preliminary report.	the prevalence of antibodies against leishmania donovani in selected domestic and wild animal species in 2 villages in sudan with active l. donovani transmission in humans was investigated. screening of domestic animals (donkeys, cows, sheep, goats, camels and dogs) with the direct agglutination test (dat) detected reaction rates above the cut-off titres in donkeys (68.7%), cows (21.4%) and goats (8.5%), and which were also found in wild rats (5.5%). sera of sheep, camels and dogs had a weak agg ...	2000	10748894
estrous cycle characteristics and response to estrus synchronization in mammoth asses (equus asinus americanus).	breeding records from a herd of mammoth asses (equus asinus americanus) maintained on pasture in southeast texas from 1990 to 1998 were reviewed. jennies were pasture or hand mated, and estrus was either observed while the jennies were on pasture or when exposed to a jack after being penned. eighty-one estrus periods and 43 diestrus intervals were recorded in 33 jennies over 4 seasons of the year (january-march, april-june, july-september, and october-december). estrous cycle length and the dura ...	1999	10735123
a procedure for poitou jackass sperm cryopreservation.	we have tried to establish sperm banking for the endangered poitou donkeys. no successful cryopreservation technique had been described for spermatozoa of this species; our preliminary work indicated that a particular medium and procedure may be effective for cryopreservation of poitou jackass spermatozoa as evaluated by sperm motility, membrane integrity and pregnancy rate after ai with frozen-thawed semen. we found that glutamine at 80 mm and 10% (v/v) quail egg yolk in a basal medium containi ...	1998	10734453
diagnosis of sporotrichosis in a donkey using direct fluorescein-labeled antibody testing.	a 4-year-old female donkey residing in an open field in indiana was admitted for evaluation of facial lesions of 2 years duration. cytologic and histologic examination of exudate and tissue from the lesions revealed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with numerous yeasts. sporothrix schenckii was suspected to be the infectious agent; however, multiple culture attempts did not provide positive identification of the organism. serologic examination supported infection with s. schenckii. a spe ...	2000	10730954
structure-based design of potent, amidine-derived inhibitors of factor xa: evaluation of selectivity, anticoagulant activity, and antithrombotic activity.	to enhance the potency of 1,2-dibenzamidobenzene-derived inhibitors of factor xa (fxa), an amidine substituent was incorporated on one of the benzoyl side chains to interact with asp189 in the s1 specificity pocket. lead molecule 1 was docked into the active site of fxa to facilitate inhibitor design. subsequently, iterative sar studies and molecular modeling led to a 1000-fold increase in fxa affinity and a refined model of the new inhibitors in the fxa active site. strong support for the compu ...	2000	10715155
n(2)-aroylanthranilamide inhibitors of human factor xa.	reversal of the a-ring amide link in 1,2-dibenzamidobenzene 1 (fxa k(ass) = 0.81 x 10(6) l/mol) led to a series of human factor xa (hfxa) inhibitors based on n(2)-aroylanthranilamide 4. expansion of the sar around 4 showed that only small planar substituents could be accommodated in the a-ring for binding to the s1 site of hfxa. bulky groups such as 4-isopropyl, 4-tert-butyl, and 4-dimethylamino were favored in the b-ring to interact with the s4 site of hfxa. the central (c) ring containing a 5- ...	2000	10715154
1,2-dibenzamidobenzene inhibitors of human factor xa.	high-throughput screening of a combinatorial library of diamidophenols yielded lead compounds with the ability to inhibit human factor xa (fxa) at micromolar concentrations (e.g. compound 4, fxa apparent k(ass) = 0.64 x 10(6) l/mol). sar studies in this novel structural series of fxa inhibitors showed that the phenolic hydroxyl group was not essential for activity. the best activity was found in substituted 1,2-dibenzamidobenzenes in which the phenyl group of one benzoyl group (a-ring) was subst ...	2000	10715153
ion pair skin transport of a zwitterionic drug, cephalexin.	the ion pair skin transport of cephalexin was investigated using various counter ions and solvents. the permeability of cephalexin was enhanced by 1-alkylsulfonates (ass) at ph 3.0 and by tetraalkylammoniums (aas) at ph 7.0; the enhancing ratio increased with the number of carbon atoms in their alkyl chains. the corresponding effects of these additives were observed on the partitioning of cephalexin. most of the additives did not affect the skin transport of d-mannitol and cortisone. these resul ...	2000	10708879
clinical and pathologic findings in donkeys with hypothermia: 10 cases (1988-1998).	to describe clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings in donkeys with hypothermia.	2000	10707690
comparison of the phenotypes of streptococcus zooepidemicus isolated from tonsils of healthy horses and specimens obtained from foals and donkeys with pneumonia.	to determine whether streptococcal pneumonia is caused by strains of streptococcus zooepidemicus similar to those obtained from the tonsils of healthy horses.	2000	10685688
prevalence of hydatidosis among donkeys in northern jordan.	one hundred and thirty donkeys (equus asinus), aged between 5 months and 14 years of age, from the irbid governorate in northern jordan were necropsied between november 1997-may 1999. of these animals, 16.9% had hydatid cysts in either their lungs and/or livers. no donkeys of 3 years of age or less were infected, where as 33.3% (22 of 66) aged 4 years or greater were infected. intensity of infection increased with age in a linear fashion. the prevalence also increased with age approaching an asy ...	2000	10681020
differential regulation of fgf-1 and -2 mitogenic activity is related to their kinetics of binding to heparan sulfate in mda-mb-231 human breast cancer cells.	the growth of the malignant human mammary mda-mb-231 cells is stimulated by fibroblast growth factor-1 (fgf-1) but not by fgf-2. when these cells are cultured in the presence of chlorate, an inhibitor of heparan sulfate (hs) sulfation, their proliferation is stimulated by both fgf-1 and fgf-2. we analyzed the interactions of fgf-1 and fgf-2 with hs purified from the cell layer and the culture medium of control and chlorate-treated mda-mb-231 cells. the hs from the cell layer bound fgf-1 with fas ...	2000	10673367
plant cyanogenic glycosides.	the cyanogenic glycosides belong to the products of secondary metabolism, to the natural products of plants. these compounds are composed of an alpha-hydroxynitrile type aglycone and of a sugar moiety (mostly d-glucose). the distribution of the cyanogenic glycosides (cgs) in the plant kingdom is relatively wide, the number of cg-containing taxa is at least 2500, and a lot of such taxa belong to families fabaceae, rosaceae, linaceae, compositae and others. different methods of determination are d ...	2000	10669009
on the innervation of the donkey testis.	the innervation pattern of the adult donkey testis was investigated by immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. autonomous nerves reach the testis by three access-routes as funicular, mesorchial and caudal contributions. from these, the funicular contribution accompanying the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus is the strongest and most important one. testicular innervation in the donkey is not uniform. the spermatic cord as well as the epididymal region, cranial and ca ...	2000	10668554
cell proliferation patterns during development of the equine placenta.	placentation involves considerable growth and reorganization of both maternal and fetal tissues. in this investigation, immunohistochemical localization of the proliferation marker ki-67 antigen was used to monitor cell division during placentation in mares. endometrial biopsies were obtained from eight mares between day 14 and day 26 of pregnancy and from eight anoestrous mares that had been treated with various combinations of progesterone and oestrogen. samples of endometrium and fetal membra ...	1999	10645255
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of hypericin for photodynamic therapy of equine sarcoids.	the therapeutic potential of the photodynamic compound, hypericin, in the treatment of equine sarcoids was evaluated. the in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using three equine cell lines and the observed phototoxic effect was comparable to that on different highly sensitive human cell lines and significantly influenced by the energy density used although independent of the cell type. the in vivo antitumoural action of photodynamic therapy using hypericin was evaluated on three equine sarcoids in ...	2000	10640414
[thrombo ass in the prophylaxis of vascular disorders in antiphospholipid syndrome].	the aim of the study was to try thrombo ass in combined therapy of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (aps), to evaluate its efficacy in prevention of recurrent vascular defects. thrombo ass tablets (50-100 mg) were included in combined treatment of 45 patients with aps (6 males and 39 females, mean age 36.1 +/- 11.7 years, mean aps duration 10.2 +/- 9.0 years) and 8 patients with sle (1 male and 7 females) matched for age. antiphospholipin antibodies and clinical status were assessed befor ...	1999	10635651
characterization of heparin binding of human extracellular superoxide dismutase.	the c-terminal domain of human extracellular superoxide dismutase (hec-sod) plays a crucial role in the protein's interaction with heparin. here we investigated this interaction in more detail by comparing the heparin-binding characteristics of two variants of hec-sod: the two fusion proteins containing the hec-sod c-terminal domain and a synthetic peptide homologous to the c-terminal. the interaction studies were performed using a surface plasmon resonance based technique on a biacore system. i ...	2000	10625498
kinetic measurements of binding of galectin 3 to a laminin substratum.	galectin 3, a beta-galactoside binding protein, contains a c-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) and an n-terminal segment including multiple repeats of a proline/tyrosine/glycine-rich motif. previous work has shown that galectin 3 but not the isolated crd binds to laminin, a multivalent ligand, with positive cooperativety indicating the formation of multiple interactions although the lectin in solution is monomeric. using surface plasmon resonance, we find that hamster galectin 3 at ...	1999	10619709
genomic structure of the adult-onset type ii citrullinemia gene, slc25a13, and cloning and expression of its mouse homologue.	citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by an argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) deficiency. adult-onset type ii citrullinemia (ctln2) is a form of the disease that is defined by a quantitative decrease in ass protein, but with normal kinetic properties. the gene causing ctln2 (slc25a13) was identified by positional cloning (from 7q21.3) and found to encode a putative calcium-dependent mitochondrial carrier protein. to facilitate mutation analysis, here we describe the intr ...	1999	10610724
an apparently gluten-induced photosensitivity in horses.	primary photosensitization was observed in 3 appaloosa mares. the skin lesions were diffuse erythema followed by edema and subsequently weeping and finally dry gangrene and ulceration. the severe photosensitivity dermatitis was apparently induced by gluten ingestion. resolution of lesions occurred after withdrawal of the suspected dairy concentrate feed and prevention of exposure to sunlight. neither the ponies nor donkey, which were not fed with the suspected concentrate, exhibited similar skin ...	1999	10592948
sensory nerve endings in the hard palate and papilla incisiva of the goat.	the sensory innervation of the papilla incisiva in the hard palate of the domestic goat was studied with light and electron microscopy, supplemented by electrophysiological studies of free nerve endings. the goat lacks incisor teeth. grass and leaves are not bitten, but pulled off by pressing them between the tongue and papilla incisiva. thus, the masticatory mucosa is subject to particularly heavy mechanical loads requiring functional specialization of the horny epithelium in the form of thicke ...	1999	10591896
detection and effects on platelet function of anti-platelet antibody in mule foals with experimentally induced neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.	horse mares carrying mule foals were immunized during the last trimester of pregnancy with whole acid-citrate-dextrose-anticoagulated donkey blood to experimentally induce neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. thrombocytopenia occurred in the neonatal mule foals born to immunized horse mares within 24 hours after ingestion of their dams' colostrum. mule foals born to mares not immunized with donkey blood did not develop thrombocytopenia. these findings suggest that antibodies may have been direc ...	1999	10587252
african horse sickness in portugal: a successful eradication programme.	african horse sickness (ahs) was diagnosed for the first time in southern portugal in autumn 1989, following outbreaks in spain. ahs virus presence was confirmed by virus isolation and serotyping. an eradication campaign with four sanitary zones was set up by central veterinary services in close collaboration with private organizations. vaccination began on 6 october. in february 1990, vaccination was extended to all portuguese equines (170000 animals). there were 137 outbreaks on 104 farms: 206 ...	1999	10579455
interactions between neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and natural lipophilic ligands.	neutrophils are activated by both paracrine molecules, e.g. platelet activating factor (paf) and leukotriene b4 (ltb4), and the bacterial hydrophobic peptide n-formyl-met-leu-phe (fmlp). several mechanisms are involved in regulation of the activation, including receptor endocytosis and ligand breakdown. the interactions between the specific granule protein neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal), expressed in human neutrophils, and fmlp, paf and ltb4, were investigated by weak affinity ...	1999	10572948
pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in donkeys, mules, and horses.	to compare serum disposition of flunixin meglumine after i.v. administration of a bolus to horses, donkeys, and mules.	1999	10566824
kinetics of interaction of trypsin with an anionic inhibitor of trypsin bwi-1a from buckwheat seeds.	the kinetics of binding of bovine trypsin to a proteinaceous inhibitor of trypsin from buckwheat seeds (bwi-1a) has been studied. the association rate constant (k(ass)) was 2.2 x 10(6) m-1 x sec-1 and the dissociation rate constant (k(off)) of the enzyme--inhibitor complex was 3.5 x 10(-3) sec-1; the inhibition constant ki was 1.5 nm. the inhibitor bwi-1a is of the slow, tightly binding type. the mechanism of the inhibition of bovine trypsin by the trypsin inhibitor bwi-1a was studied. the mecha ...	1999	10561554
specific binding of proinsulin c-peptide to human cell membranes.	recent reports have demonstrated beneficial effects of proinsulin c-peptide in the diabetic state, including improvements of kidney and nerve function. to examine the background to these effects, c-peptide binding to cell membranes has been studied by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. measurements of ligand-membrane interactions at single-molecule detection sensitivity in 0.2-fl confocal volume elements show specific binding of fluorescently labeled c-peptide to several human cell typ ...	1999	10557318
[acute myocardial infarction in germany between 1996 and 1998: therapy and intrahospital course. results of the myocardial infarction registry (mir) in germany].	the "myocardial infarction registry" in germany (mir) is a multicenter and prospective registry of consecutively included, unselected patients with acute myocardial infarction. the purpose of mir is to document the actual praxis of decision making and prescribing of an optimized infarction therapy in ami patients. optimized infarction therapy is defined as the combination of reperfusion therapy and ass, betablocker, and ace inhibitor.14,598 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included ...	1999	10552190
age determination in mini-shetland ponies and donkeys.	the accuracy of ageing mini-shetland ponies and donkeys was assessed by correlating the appearance of specific dental features with the known ages of 106 mini-shetland ponies and 63 donkeys. the ages of the animals ranged between 2 days and 26 years. in both species the eruption of the deciduous and permanent incisors occurred later than in horses. on the other hand, the appearance of the dental stars on the permanent incisors of mini-shetlands and donkeys was seen at a younger age than in horse ...	1999	10528536
gos.sp.ass.'98: an assessment for speech disorders associated with cleft palate and/or velopharyngeal dysfunction (revised).	in 1994 the present authors proposed a speech assessment protocol for speech disorders associated with cleft palate and/or velopharyngeal dysfunction known as gos.sp.ass. (great ormond street speech assessment). in a recent survey undertaken to review the different speech assessment protocols used in six cleft palate centres in the uk, gos.sp.ass. was selected from six protocols as the optimal procedure for clinical and research purposes. the process of identifying an optimal procedure involved ...	1999	10505144
[argininosuccinate synthetase (ass)].		1999	10503476
erythrocyte associated haemato-biochemical changes in babesia equi infection experimentally produced in donkeys.	equine babesiosis, caused by babesia equi and transmitted by ticks is of major economic importance in india. the adverse effects which b. equi organism and its metabolites inflict on red blood cells have not been reported. erythrocytes were analysed for red cell membrane phospholipids, proteins and haemoglobin (hb) concentration and plasma for malondialdehyde (mda) in b. equi carrier donkeys before splenectomy (< 1% parasitaemia) and after splenectomy at 1-5, 5-15, 15-50 and >50% parasitaemia. b ...	1999	10488734
alternative approaches to control of cyathostomes: an african perspective.	cyathostomes are common nematode parasites of horses, donkeys and mules in developing countries. these equids usually work on a daily basis and this includes transportation of goods, crops and people. stress, associated with work, and limited nutrition often result in a loss of condition, and cyathostomid nematodes may, then, cause clinical disease. because anthelmintics are not always accessible or affordable in many parts of africa, or there may be anthelmintic resistance to current remedies, ...	1999	10485361
bovine papillomaviral gene expression in equine sarcoid tumours.	the sarcoid is a benign locally invasive dermal fibroblastic lesion, commonly affecting horses and donkeys. the aetiology of the equine sarcoid is equivocal. bovine papillomaviral (bpv) dna (type 1/2) is frequently demonstrable in equine sarcoid tumour biopsies. however, the exact role of the virus in the disease process and its contribution to the phenotypic differences in sarcoids is not known. it was sought to assess the transcriptional activity of bpv-1 found in sarcoid tissues. of 20 tumour ...	1999	10475087
expression of the genes of arginine-synthesizing enzymes in the rat kidney during development.	the expression of two genes, coding for argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) and argininosuccinate lyase (asl), enzymes which synthesize arginine, was studied by northern analysis in various tissues of fetal rats. the highest expression of both genes was seen in the small intestine, liver and kidney of the fetus. the developmental expression was observed in the kidney where both mrna levels remained low during the fetal period and they increased concomitantly in both kidney and liver throughout th ...	1999	10473900
[wild is not really wild: brain weight of wild domestic mammals].	domestication leads to the reduction of brain weight, decreases reach from 8.1% in laboratory rats up to 33.6% in domesticated pigs. the question is: do brain weights increase by feralization? we compared the brain weights of domesticated mammals (cat, dog, pig, goat, ass) with their feral forms. in none of the cases studied, brain weight is increased in wild domestic mammals. so, feral mammals do not return back to the status of their wild species.	1999	10472721
induction of argininosuccinate synthetase in rat brain glial cells after striatal microinjection of immunostimulants.	the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) initiates the metabolic pathway leading from l-citrulline to l-arginine, the only physiological substrate of all isoforms of nitric oxide synthases. the presence of ass in glial cells in vivo was investigated by immunohistochemical methods in a model of rat brain inflammation. phosphate-buffered saline or a mixture of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma was injected into the left striatum, and animals were killed 24 hours later. ipsilat ...	1999	10458597
detection of new dna polymerase genes of known and potentially novel herpesviruses by pcr with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers.	a consensus primer pcr approach was used to (i) investigate the presence of herpesviruses in wild and zoo equids (zebra, wild ass, tapir) and to (ii) study the genetic relationship of the herpesvirus of pigeons (columbid herpesvirus 1) to other herpesvirus species. the pcr assay, based on degenerate primers targeting highly conserved regions of the dna polymerase gene of herpesviruses, was modified by using a mixture of degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. the applicability of the mo ...	1999	10456789
highly efficient inhibition of human chymase by alpha(2)-macroglobulin.	the inhibition of human chymase by the protease inhibitor alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha2m) was investigated. titration of chymase hydrolytic activity with purified alpha2m showed that approximately 1 mol of alpha2m tetramer inhibits 1 mol of chymase. inhibition was associated with cleavage of the alpha2m bait region and formation of a 200-kda covalent complex. nh(2)-terminal sequencing of chymase-treated alpha2m revealed cleavage at bonds phe684-tyr685 and tyr685-glu686 of the bait region. alpha ...	1999	10441378
an adult-onset case of argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency presenting with atypical citrullinemia.	a 52-year-old heavy drinker presented with repeated episodes of disturbance of consciousness and an increase in serum ammonia level, triggered by excessive alcohol intake. he was diagnosed as having adult-onset citrullinemia with deficiency of hepatic argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) activity. cranial magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed high-intensity lesions in the central pons and the bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles on t2-weighted images. although almost all cases of adult-onset ci ...	1999	10435367
identification of ruminococcus flavefaciens as the predominant cellulolytic bacterial species of the equine cecum.	detection and quantification of cellulolytic bacteria with oligonucleotide probes showed that ruminococcus flavefaciens was the predominant species in the pony and donkey cecum. fibrobacter succinogenes and ruminococcus albus were present at low levels. four isolates, morphologically resembling r. flavefaciens, differed from ruminal strains by their carbohydrate utilization and their end products of cellobiose fermentation.	1999	10427077
[abil-ilisu--a "cattle doctor" in babylonia (circa 1739 b.c.)].	since decades the search for the first "veterinarians" in ancient mesopotamia and egypt known by name is accompanied by speculations. both ur-lugal-edinna from lagash and the sekhmet-priest aha-nakht turned out to be a specific historical fiction. terminologically assured records for the terms "cattle-doctor" and "donkey-doctor" were found not before about 1800 in old babylonian documents and laws. samsu-iluna, successor to hammurapi, ruled from 1749-1712. out of this time there exists a court r ...	1999	10422373
real time analysis of interaction between inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type i and its ligand.	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip(3)) is an important second messenger that releases intracellular ca(2+) by binding to its specific receptor, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ip(3)r), in a wide range of cellular processes. we report here large-scale expression and purification of n-terminal 604 amino acids of ip(3)r type 1 (t604) expressed in e. coli, which contains the ligand binding domain. surface plasmon resonance biosensor studies showed that purified t604 could bind to its ligands wi ...	1999	10403801
limited potential for mosquito transmission of genetically engineered, live-attenuated venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates.	in an attempt to improve the current live-attenuated vaccine (tc-83) for venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee), specific mutations associated with attenuation of vee virus in rodent models were identified. these mutations were inserted into full-length cdna clones of the trinidad donkey strain of vee virus by site-directed mutagenesis, and isogenic virus strains with these mutations were recovered after transfection of baby hamster kidney cells with infectious rna. we evaluated 10 of these strain ...	1999	10403340
detection of equine arteritis virus in semen by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-elisa.	the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was used to detect equine arteritis virus (eav) in the semen of 88 horses and 2 donkeys, with neutralising antibodies against eav, on the basis of the amplification of a 279 bp long fragment located in the viral polymerase gene. the rt-pcr assay revealed the virus at 4 tcid50/ml in cell culture and showed a greater sensitivity (54.4%) than cell culture isolation (33.3%). moreover, the two samples of donkey semen were found positi ...	1999	10391506
neogenesis vs. apoptosis as main components of pancreatic beta cell ass changes in glucose-infused normal and mildly diabetic adult rats.	we have investigated in adult rats made mildly diabetic by a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg; stz rats) and in nondiabetic rats (nd rats) the mechanisms leading to adaptive changes in the beta cell mass, during glucose infusion and several days after stopping infusion. as early as 24 h of glucose infusion, the beta cell mass was maximally increased in nd and stz rats. in both groups, this increase was due mainly to a rapid activation of neogenesis of new endocrine cells rather than to an in ...	1999	10385610
[the human being from the point of view of animals or, "who knows whether the breath of men goes upwards?" (ecclesiastes 3:21)].	the question of whether animals have souls has been asked since as early as the old testament. where this is believed to be true, fiction has provided interesting models in literature: the human being as seen by animals has been a popular subject since apuleius' 'asinus aureus' and how man appears from the perspective of a donkey or a beetle, that is to say the perspective from below, becomes controversial. examples may be found in all languages and centuries in jonathan swift, miguel cervantes, ...	1999	10379104
phylogenetic relationships of cheju horses to other horse breeds as determined by mtdna d-loop sequence polymorphism.	historical records suggest that horses inhabiting the island of cheju in korea are descendants of mongolian horses introduced in 1276. other studies, however, suggest that horses may have been present on the island prior to the mongolian introduction. to determine the origin of the cheju horses we used a phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop region, including trna pro and parts of trna thr and trna phe sequences (1102-bp excluding the tandem repeat region). m ...	1999	10376300
factors controlling epidermal growth factor (egf) gene expression in the endometrium of the mare.	previous studies showed a dramatic increase in egf gene expression in the endometrial glands of pregnant mares around day 40 after ovulation. to investigate how the steroid hormones of pregnancy might regulate this expression, in situ hybridization was used to monitor the levels of egf mrna in endometrial biopsies obtained from seasonally anoestrous or ovariectomised mares given exogenous progesterone and oestrogen, alone or in combination, for up to 46 days. biopsies were also taken from mares ...	1999	10369386
the gene mutated in adult-onset type ii citrullinaemia encodes a putative mitochondrial carrier protein.	citrullinaemia (ctln) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass). adult-onset type ii citrullinaemia (ctln2) is characterized by a liver-specific ass deficiency with no abnormalities in hepatic ass mrna or the gene ass (refs 1-17). ctln2 patients (1/100,000 in japan) suffer from a disturbance of consciousness and coma, and most die with cerebral edema within a few years of onset. ctln2 differs from classical citrullinaemia (ctln1, omim 215700) in ...	1999	10369257
[anion gap in perinatal asphyxia].	the aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the anion gap (ag) for the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia (pa), as well ass to evaluate the relation of ag with umbilical artery cord ph and the outcome of the newborn. we studied 62 infants in whom umbilical artery blood gases were obtained within the first 15 minutes of life. serum sodium, chloride and potassium were simultaneously measured. ag was calculated according to the following formula: (na + k) - (cl + hco3). patients were divided ...	1999	10363420
asthma symptoms: influence of personality versus clinical status.	the hypothesis that symptom-reporting in asthmatics does not necessarily correspond with clinical status, but is related to negative affectivity was investigated. one hundred and sixteen asthmatic patients filled out the asthma symptom checklist (asc), the negative emotionality scale (nem), and the mcmaster-asthma quality-of-life questionnaire (aqlq). the patients were grouped as either hospitalized, outpatient previously hospitalized or outpatient not previously hospitalized for asthma. lung fu ...	1999	10362035
steroidogenic factor 1-dna binding: a kinetic analysis using surface plasmon resonance.	basal expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene in pituitary gonadotrophs is partially dependent on a gonadotroph specific element (gse) which binds the nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor-1 (sf-1). we have used surface plasmon resonance (spr) to determine the association (kappa ass), dissociation (kappa diss) and affinity (ka) constants of sf-1 binding to immobilized oligonucleotides containing either the gse consensus motif or a gse mutant with a 2 bp substitution in the gse ...	1999	10343283
cloning, sequencing and functional expression of zebra (equus burchelli) lh.	although donkey luteinizing hormone exhibits a very high degree of amino acid sequence identity with horse lh, its fsh activity in non-equine species is tenfold lower. the coding regions of the common zebra (equus burchelli) glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit and lh beta-subunit transcripts were cloned by reverse transcription-pcr from pituitary gland rna to investigate more precisely the structure-function relationships of this gonadotrophin family. zebra lh was then expressed in cos-7 cells an ...	1999	10341734
equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: part 2: a contribution of 28 case reports.	the clinical and pathological findings of 28 cases (27 horses, 1 donkey) of equid sinonasal tumours examined at the edinburgh veterinary school are presented and include: seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma (scc); five adenocarcinomas; three undifferentiated carcinomas; two adenomas; five fibro-osseous and bone tumours; and single cases of ameloblastoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, melanoma and lymphosarcoma. the median ages of animals affected with epithelial, and fibro- ...	1999	10328839
construction of chromosome-specific paints for meta- and submetacentric autosomes and the sex chromosomes in the horse and their use to detect homologous chromosomal segments in the donkey.	a pilot study comparing horse and donkey karyotypes on a molecular basis was initiated using the chromosomal microdissection approach. all equine meta- and submetacentric chromosomes, viz. eca1 to eca13 and the x and y chromosomes, were microdissected. the dna was pcr amplified, non-radioactively labelled and used as probes on equine metaphase chromosomes to confirm their origin. once tested, the paints were used as probes on donkey metaphase chromosomes to detect homologous chromosomal segments ...	1999	10328622
glucocorticoids mediate the enhanced expression of intestinal type ii arginase and argininosuccinate lyase in postweaning pigs.	arginine metabolism is enhanced in the small intestine of weanling pigs, but the molecular mechanism(s) involved is not known. the objectives of this study were to determine the following: 1) whether glucocorticoids play a role in induction of intestinal arginine metabolic enzymes during weaning; 2) whether the induction of enzyme activities was due to increases in corresponding mrna levels; and 3) the identity of the arginase isoform(s) expressed in the small intestine. jejunum was obtained fro ...	1999	10203553
modulation of allospecific ctl responses during pregnancy in equids: an immunological barrier to interspecies matings?	maternal immune recognition of the developing conceptus in equine pregnancy is characterized by the strongest and most consistent alloantibody response described in any species, a response directed almost exclusively against paternal mhc class i ags. this work investigated the cellular immune response to paternal mhc ags in pregnant and nonpregnant horses and donkeys, and in horses carrying interspecies hybrid mule conceptuses. we observed profound decreases in classical, mhc-restricted, ctl act ...	1999	10201987
donkey work.		1999	10085965
prevalence of surra among camels and horses in jordan.	the prevalence of trypanosoma evansi infection among camels and horses in jordan was studied using thick blood smears and inoculation techniques with mice and rats. a total of 437 camels and 83 horses from four climatic zones were surveyed. in addition, 40 donkeys, 32 cattle and 35 goats in contact with infected camels and horses were also tested in the same way. clinical disease was evident in 8.2% of the camels (36 out of 437) and in 9.6% of the horses (8 out of 83). infection was limited only ...	1999	10081806
covalent structures of bmk as and bmk as-1, two novel bioactive polypeptides purified from chinese scorpion buthus martensi karsch.	complete amino acid sequences of two novel bioactive polypeptides, each containing 66 amino acid residues, bmk as and bmk as-1 purified from the venom of chinese scorpion buthus martensi karsch, have been determined by edman sequencing and mass spectrometry on native proteins, reduced and s-carboxymethylated proteins and their peptides obtained after cleavage with proteolytic enzymes. sequence analysis showed 86.4% structural identity between bmk as and bmk as-1 and also a high sequence similari ...	1999	10080355
kinetic selection of hpv 16 e6/e7-directed antisense nucleic acids: anti-proliferative effects on hpv 16-transformed cells.	the e6/e7-coding sequences of the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) were probed for kinetic accessibility in vitro by pools of catalytic antisense rna. only long-chain complementary rna and very few antisense sequences with a 3' portion complementary to a 10 nt window within unspliced and spliced e6-coding target sequences showed fast annealing with k(ass) values of up to 10(4) m-1s-1 indicating that the majority of e6/e7 rna sequences are unfavourable targets for antisense inhibitors and ri ...	1999	10075988
comparison of horse chromosome 3 with donkey and human chromosomes by cross-species painting and heterologous fish mapping.	the melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r), mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (kit), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (pdgfra) are loci that all belong to equine linkage group 2 (lg2). of these, kit was fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) mapped to eca3q21 with equine cdna and heterologous porcine bac probes, while mc1r was localized to eca3p12 and pdgfra to eca3q21 with heterologous porcine bac probes. a three-step comparison between eca3 and donkey chromosomes was carried out ...	1999	10051324
isolation and characterization of the mouse aire gene.	autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (apeced) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by addison's disease and/or hypoparathyroidism and/or chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. patients may also have other clinical symptoms both within and outside the endocrine system, mainly as a result of autoimmunity against organ-specific autoantigens. the gene for apeced has recently been identified and termed aire (for autoimmune regulator). apeced is a model of organ-s ...	1999	10049735
mutational status of the tumour suppressor gene (p53) in donkey sarcoid tumours.		1999	10030136
finite element analysis of static loading in donkey hoof wall.	a finite element model of donkey hoof wall was constructed from measurements taken directly from the hoof capsule of the left forefoot. the model was created with a 2 mm mesh and consisted of 11,608 nodes. a linear elastic analysis was conducted assuming isotropic material properties in response to a 375 newton (n) load, to simulate static loading. the load was applied to the wall via 400 laminae in order to simulate the way in which the pedal bone is suspended within the donkey hoof capsule. di ...	1998	9932100
four tumor suppressor loci on chromosome 9q in bladder cancer: evidence for two novel candidate regions at 9q22.3 and 9q31.	the most common genetic alteration identified in transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder is loss of heterozygosity (loh) on chromosome 9. however, localization of tumor suppressor genes on 9q has been hampered by the low frequency of subchromosomal deletions. we have analysed 139 primary, initial low stage tcc of the bladder using a panel of 28 microsatellite markers spanning chromosome 9 at an average distance of 5 mb, following a primer-extension preamplification (pep) technique. sixt ...	1999	9926930
evaluation of enterolithiasis in equids: 900 cases (1973-1996).	to identify breed, age, sex, physical findings, history, and outcome of treatment in horses and other equids with enterolithiasis.	1999	9926016
improved protection against venezuelan equine encephalitis by genetic engineering of a recombinant vaccinia virus.	an improved vaccine is needed against venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus because the existing live attenuated vaccine, tc-83, causes a high incidence of adverse effects, and the formalin-inactivated vaccine, c-84, does not protect against airborne infection. a recombinant vaccine had previously been constructed in which the vee structural proteins were expressed by vaccinia virus. although protection against subcutaneous challenge with vee was achieved, the vaccine had limited efficacy a ...	1998	9918402
novel peptides binding to the fc-portion of immunoglobulins obtained from a combinatorial phage display peptide library.	peptides interacting with the fc portion of human igg (igg fc) were selected from a phage display decapeptide library. the library was selected five times and interacting phage peptides were eluted either with staphylococcal protein a or at low ph. individual peptide phage clones were found to interact more strongly with igg fc than did either the original library or the wild-type phage. increasing concentrations of protein a could competitively reduce the interaction of a peptide phage clone (f ...	1998	9894906
performance and management of draught animals in agriculture in sub-saharan africa: a review.	use of animal power generally enables farmers in sub-saharan africa to increase agricultural production and improve the quality of life. effective use of working animals depends on an understanding of the capabilities of the animals for work, their husbandry requirements and the factors which can influence their performance. these issues are reviewed in this paper in the context of the use of animal power in agriculture in sub-saharan africa. the type of animal used for work determines power ava ...	1998	9881437
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in egyptian donkeys using elisa.	a serological survey of toxoplasma gondii was conducted using elisa on 121 sera from adult donkeys from monofia province, egypt. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 65.6% of 121 donkeys.	1998	9877073
necrosis of the femoral head after kidney transplantation.	we reviewed the medical records of 750 patients (445 men, 305 women), who had received a kidney transplant during the period 1968-1995, for any sign of necrosis of the femoral head. for post-operative immunosuppression, 374 patients had received high-dose corticosteroids (average 12.5 g during the first year post-operatively), while 376 patients had received low-dose corticosteroids (average 6.5 g during the first year post-operatively) and cyclosporin a. survival curves according to kaplan and ...	1998	9850453
phylogenetic relationships within the genus equus and the evolution of alpha and theta globin genes.	sequences of the alpha1, alpha2 and theta globin genes from six equid species have been determined to investigate relationships within the genus equus. analyses using standard phylogenetic methods, or an approach designed to account for the effects of gene conversion between the alpha genes, gave broadly similar results and show that the horses diverged from the zebra/ass ancestor approximately 2.4 million years ago and that the zebra and ass species arose in a rapid radiation approximately 0.9 ...	1998	9847419
the guttural pouch is not present in the white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum); morphology of the eustachian tube and nasopharynx.	the nasopharynx and eustachian tube (auditory tube) were morphologically examined in the white rhinoceros. the narrow nasopharynx cavity was enlarged dorsoventrally. the most lateral part of both sides sharply rises in a dorsal direction and the volume is estimated at 173 cc. the eustachian tube is 145 mm in length from the auditory bulla to the nasopharynx. the hyaline cartilage is well-developed in the middle region of the eustachian tube wall. the results demonstrated that the white rhinocero ...	1998	9818452
argininosuccinate synthetase: localization in astrocytes and role in the production of glial nitric oxide.	an antiserum raised against the peptide representing the partial sequence 196-222 of mouse liver argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) was used to detect and localize the enzyme in cells of neural primary cultures. no ass immunoreactivity was detected by western blotting in homogenates of mouse pure astroglial cultures and rat astroglia-rich cultures. however, when the cultures had been treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma, or a combination of both, ass immunoreactivity was d ...	1998	9814823
resistance to alpha/beta interferons correlates with the epizootic and virulence potential of venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses and is determined by the 5' noncoding region and glycoproteins.	we compared the alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) sensitivities of the tc-83 vaccine strain and 24 enzootic and epizootic venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) isolates. the ifn-resistant or -sensitive phenotype correlated well with epizootic or enzootic potential. ifn-alpha/beta resistance of trinidad donkey (trd) virus correlated with virulence determinants in the 5' noncoding region and glycoproteins. infection of mice lacking a functional ifn system with the ifn-sensitive tc-83 virus res ...	1998	9811777
immunolocalization of regulatory peptides and 5-ht in bovine male urogenital apparatus.	specimens of testis, excurrent duct including the accessory genital glands and urethra throughout its extension were investigated in adult bovines, in order to immunohistochemically localize both the peptidergic innervation and the epithelial cell types belonging to the diffuse endocrine system (des). immunoreactivities to grp, met- and leu-enkephalins, cgrp, npy, substance p, vip, somatostatin, beta-endorphin and 5-ht antisera were tested by means of a labelled streptavidin-biotin (lsab) method ...	1998	9810501
the evolution of aging: a new approach to an old problem of biology.	most gerontologists believe aging did not evolve, is accidental, and is unrelated to development. the opposite viewpoint is most likely correct. genetic drift occurs in finite populations and leads to homozygosity in multiple-alleled traits. episodic selection events will alter random drift towards homozygosity in alleles that increase fitness with respect to the selection event. aging increases population turnover, which accelerates the benefit of genetic drift. this advantage of aging led to t ...	1998	9792199
use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and dot-blot hybridisation for the detection and identification of african horse sickness virus nucleic acids.	a coupled reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-pcr) for the detection of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) dsrna, has been developed using genome segment 7 as the target template for primers. rna from isolates of all nine ahsv serotypes were readily detected. the potential inhibitory effects of either ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (edta) or heparin on the rt-pcr were eliminated by washing blood samples before lysis of the red blood cells and storage. there was a close ...	1998	9785517
application of an indirect fluorescent antibody assay for the detection of african horse sickness virus antibodies.	an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique was used to screen and quantify antibodies against african horse sickness virus (ahsv) in equine sera. results obtained with the ifa assay were compared directly with those obtained with standard complement fixation (cf) and virus neutralisation (vn) tests using horse sera from experimental studies and samples from the field. positive fluorescent antibody titres were detected from as early as 7 days after primary vaccination and persisted for at l ...	1998	9785515
simulation studies of african horse sickness in spain.	factors affecting epidemics of african horse sickness in spain were studied using a mathematical model. the model examined the likelihood of an epidemic after the introduction of the virus, and the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. two host species (horses and donkeys) and one vector species (the biting midge culicoides imicola) were included. a stratified random sampling method (latin hypercube sampling) was used for sensitivity analysis of the likelihood of an epidemic. systematic varia ...	1998	9785500