Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| inhibition of crac with a human anti-orai1 monoclonal antibody inhibits t-cell-derived cytokine production but fails to inhibit a t-cell-dependent antibody response in the cynomolgus monkey. | orai1 is the pore-forming component of calcium release-activated calcium (crac) channels. crac channels are the primary route for calcium ion (ca(2+)) entry into t-cells following antigen stimulation. this ca(2+) entry induces proliferation and cytokine production through activation of calcineurin and the nuclear factor of activated t-cells (nfat) transcription factor along with subsequent cytokine-related genes. it was hypothesized that the in vivo inhibition of t-cell function by blocking orai ... | 2016 | 24990272 |
| effect of living conditions on biochemical and hematological parameters of the cynomolgus monkey. | the cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used in biomedical research. although living conditions affect behavioral and physiological characteristics in macaques, little data is available on how living conditions influence blood-based parameters in the cynomolgus monkey. we hypothesize that there are significant differences in serum biochemical and hematological parameters in single-caged versus socially housed cynomolgus monkeys, and that age and sex influence the effect ... | 2014 | 24990222 |
| polymorphisms of cyp2d17 in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques: an evidence of the genetic basis for the variability of cyp2d-dependent drug metabolism. | cynomolgus macaques and rhesus macaques are nonhuman primate species widely used in drug metabolism studies. cynomolgus cyp2d17, highly homologous to human cyp2d6, metabolizes human cyp2d6 substrates such as bufuralol and dextromethorphan, and the gene is expressed predominantly in liver. although human cyp2d6 variants account for the variability of the enzyme properties among individuals and populations, genetic variants have not been investigated in cyp2d17. in the present study, cyp2d17 from ... | 2014 | 24985704 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterisation of asp9521: a novel, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17βhsd5; akr1c3). | aldo-keto reductase 1c3 [akr1c3;17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17βhsd5)], plays a crucial role in persistent production of androgens despite castration, by catalysing conversion of the adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione (ad) into androstenediol and testosterone (t). hence, akr1c3 is a promising therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer, as combination of an akr1c3 inhibitor and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue may lead to complete and ... | 2014 | 24981575 |
| a genetic comparison of two alleged subspecies of philippine cynomolgus macaques. | two subspecies of cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) are alleged to co-exist in the philippines, m. f. philippensis in the north and m. f. fascicularis in the south. however, genetic differences between the cynomolgus macaques in the two regions have never been studied to document the propriety of their subspecies status. we genotyped samples of cynomolgus macaques from batangas in southwestern luzon and zamboanga in southwestern mindanao for 15 short tandem repeat (str) loci and sequence ... | 2014 | 24979664 |
| inhibition of plasma kallikrein by a highly specific active site blocking antibody. | plasma kallikrein (pkal) proteolytically cleaves high molecular weight kininogen to generate the potent vasodilator and the pro-inflammatory peptide, bradykinin. pkal activity is tightly regulated in healthy individuals by the serpin c1-inhibitor, but individuals with hereditary angioedema (hae) are deficient in c1-inhibitor and consequently exhibit excessive bradykinin generation that in turn causes debilitating and potentially fatal swelling attacks. to develop a potential therapeutic agent fo ... | 2014 | 24970892 |
| endogenous fluorophores enable two-photon imaging of the primate eye. | noninvasive two-photon imaging of a living mammalian eye can reveal details of molecular processes in the retina and rpe. retinyl esters and all-trans-retinal condensation products are two types of retinoid fluorophores present in these tissues. we measured the content of these two types of retinoids in monkey and human eyes to validate the potential of two-photon imaging for monitoring retinoid changes in human eyes. | 2014 | 24970255 |
| tissue-level mechanisms responsible for the increase in bone formation and bone volume by sclerostin antibody. | bone formation can be remodeling-based (rbf) or modeling-based (mbf), the former coupled to bone resorption and the latter occurring directly on quiescent surfaces. unlike osteoanabolic therapies such as parathyroid hormone (pth) 1-34 that increase bone remodeling and thus both formation and resorption, sclerostin antibody (scl-ab) increases bone formation while decreasing bone resorption. with this unique profile, we tested our hypothesis that scl-ab primarily elicited mbf by examining bones fr ... | 2014 | 24967455 |
| cellular immunity standard values in macaca fascicularis. | cellular immunity of clinically healthy macaca fascicularis was studied by fl ow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies. parameters of cellular immunity in macaca fascicularis and macaca rhesus virtually coincided and were maximally close to those in humans. | 2014 | 24958379 |
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and bleeding in a cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis). | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssri) are associated with an increased bleeding risk in humans. this report describes a bleeding event in a cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis) treated with the ssri sertraline hcl (zoloft). during the treatment course, the subject presented with a maculopapular rash, cutaneous bleeding, epistaxis, bleeding from the eye, melena, and a severe thrombocytopenia. to our knowledge, this report is the first description of an ssri-related adverse event in a ... | 2014 | 24956214 |
| effects of platform switching on crestal bone around implants: a histomorphometric study in monkeys. | a number of human comparison studies and case series have demonstrated the effectiveness of using a platform-switched implant-to-abutment connection to prevent peri-implant bone loss and subsequent soft tissue loss. to compare the bone around platform-switched and nonplatform-switched connections, adjacent pairs of both connection types were placed in a one-stage surgical procedure on each side of the mandibles of three monkeys (macaca fascicularis). eight weeks after abutment connection, histom ... | 2014 | 24956089 |
| anticoagulation therapy is harmful to large-sized cerebellar infarction. | anticoagulants are commonly used to treat ischemic stroke. its impact on cerebellar infarction has not been fully understood. | 2014 | 24954500 |
| liver-specific transcriptional modules identified by genome-wide in silico analysis enable efficient gene therapy in mice and non-human primates. | the robustness and safety of liver-directed gene therapy can be substantially improved by enhancing expression of the therapeutic transgene in the liver. to achieve this, we developed a new approach of rational in silico vector design. this approach relies on a genome-wide bio-informatics strategy to identify cis-acting regulatory modules (crms) containing evolutionary conserved clusters of transcription factor binding site motifs that determine high tissue-specific gene expression. incorporatio ... | 2014 | 24954473 |
| blood-brain barrier pharmacoproteomics-based reconstruction of the in vivo brain distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates in cynomolgus monkeys. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether in vivo drug distribution in brain in monkeys can be reconstructed by integrating four factors: protein expression levels of p-glycoprotein (p-gp)/multidrug resistance protein 1 at the blood-brain barrier (bbb), in vitro transport activity per p-gp molecule, and unbound drug fractions in plasma and brain. for five p-gp substrates (indinavir, quinidine, loperamide, paclitaxel, and verapamil) and one nonsubstrate (diazepam), in vitro p-gp transport ... | 2014 | 24947467 |
| lc-ms/ms quantification of next-generation biotherapeutics: a case study for an ige binding nanobody in cynomolgus monkey plasma. | nanobodies(®) are therapeutic proteins derived from the smallest functional fragments of heavy chain-only antibodies. the development and validation of an lc-ms/ms-based method for the quantification of an ige binding nanobody in cynomolgus monkey plasma is presented. | 2014 | 24946921 |
| protective efficacy of passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies in animal models of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses of the h5n1 subtype often cause severe pneumonia and multiple organ failure in humans, with reported case fatality rates of more than 60%. to develop a clinical antibody therapy, we generated a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (mab) ch61 that showed strong neutralizing activity against h5n1 hpai viruses isolated from humans and evaluated its protective potential in mouse and nonhuman primate models of h5n1 hpai virus infections. passive im ... | 2014 | 24945244 |
| nonclinical safety of mavrilimumab, an anti-gmcsf receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, in cynomolgus monkeys: relevance for human safety. | mavrilimumab (cam-3001) is an investigational human igg4 monoclonal antibody (mab) targeting gm-csf receptor alpha which is currently being developed for the treatment of ra. gm-csf plays a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) through the activation, differentiation, and survival of macrophages and neutrophils. to support clinical development, the nonclinical safety of mavrilimumab was evaluated in several studies with cynomolgus monkeys as the pharmacologically relevant ... | 2014 | 24937321 |
| microscopic background changes in brains of cynomolgus monkeys. | brain sections from control cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) used in toxicology studies were evaluated retrospectively in order to better understand spontaneous background changes in this species. hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from 76 animals (38 males and 38 females) of 9 studies were examined. eleven animals (9 males and 2 females) were each observed to have 1 to 3 findings within the brain sections examined, for a total of 19 findings. no findings were noted in the spinal cord. ... | 2015 | 24935239 |
| differential recombination dynamics within the mhc of macaque species. | a panel of 15 carefully selected microsatellites (short tandem repeats, strs) has allowed us to study segregation and haplotype stability in various macaque species. the strs span the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) region and map in more detail from the centromeric part of the mhc-a to the dr region. two large panels of indian rhesus and indonesian/indochinese cynomolgus macaques have been subjected to pedigree analysis, allowing the definition of 161 and 36 different haplotypes and the ... | 2014 | 24934118 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of long-tailed macaque (macaca fascicularis) populations in peninsular malaysia. | the genetic diversity and structure of long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis) in peninsular malaysia, a widely used non-human primate species in biomedical research, have not been thoroughly characterized. | 2014 | 24930735 |
| genetic diversity and differentiation of the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) population in western sichuan, china, based on the second exon of the major histocompatibility complex class ii dqb (mhcmamu-dqb1) alleles. | rhesus macaques living in western sichuan, china, have been separated into several isolated populations due to habitat fragmentation. previous studies based on the neutral or nearly neutral markers (mitochondrial dna or microsatellites) showed high levels of genetic diversity and moderate genetic differentiation in the sichuan rhesus macaques. variation at the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) loci is widely accepted as being maintained by balancing selection, even with a low level of neutr ... | 2014 | 24930092 |
| gmp production and characterization of leucine zipper-tagged tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (lz-trail) for phase i clinical trial. | tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) exhibits potent antitumor activity in a wide range of cancers without deleterious side effects on normal tissues. several trail derivatives have been developed to improve its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects through strategies such as adding a leucine zipper to increase the circulation half-life. to obtain clinical grade lz-trail for phase i clinical trial, a single batch of 30 l bioreactor culture was performed using the es ... | 2014 | 24929054 |
| expression of the estrogen receptors and steroidogenic enzymes involved in estradiol formation in the monkey vagina. | estrogens are well recognized to have beneficial effects on vulvovaginal atrophy because of menopause. the distribution of estrogen receptors and enzymes responsible for estradiol (e2) formation within the vagina may provide insight into how dehydroepiandrosterone, a precursor of both estrogens and androgens, improves vulvovaginal atrophy. | 2014 | 24928055 |
| towards a quantitative oct image analysis. | optical coherence tomography (oct) is an invaluable diagnostic tool for the detection and follow-up of retinal pathology in patients and experimental disease models. however, as morphological structures and layering in health as well as their alterations in disease are complex, segmentation procedures have not yet reached a satisfactory level of performance. therefore, raw images and qualitative data are commonly used in clinical and scientific reports. here, we assess the value of oct reflectiv ... | 2014 | 24927180 |
| how monkeys see others: discrimination and recognition of monkeys' shape. | the two experiments described in this study address the question of the perceptual basis of species discrimination and body recognition in monkeys. longtailed macaques (macaca fascicularis) were trained to discriminate line drawings of different monkey bodies. the procedure consisted of a simultaneous discrimination between four images under continuous reinforcement. social communication between the test animal and other group members during test sessions was almost unrestricted. in the first ex ... | 1994 | 24925243 |
| social development in three species of macaque (macaca mulatta , m. fascicularis , m. tonkeana ): a preliminary report on the first ten weeks of life. | the development of social relations was studied in 11 infant monkeys over the first ten weeks of life : 5 subjects in a rhesus macaque group (macaca mulatta ), 3 in a long-tailed macaque group (m. fascicularis ) and 3 in a tonkean macaque group (m. tonkeana ). tonkean infants were found to interact with many different group members because of the permissiveness of their mothers, while social contacts of rhesus and long-tailed infants are less varied due to the restrictiveness of their mothers. t ... | 1985 | 24924364 |
| is parkinson's disease a vesicular dopamine storage disorder? evidence from a study in isolated synaptic vesicles of human and nonhuman primate striatum. | the cause of degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine (da) neurons in idiopathic parkinson's disease (pd) is still unknown. intraneuronally, da is largely confined to synaptic vesicles where it is protected from metabolic breakdown. in the cytoplasm, however, free da can give rise to formation of cytotoxic free radicals. normally, the concentration of cytoplasmic da is kept at a minimum by continuous pumping activity of the vesicular monoamine transporter (vmat)2. defects in handling of cytosolic ... | 2014 | 24920625 |
| localization of the androgen-synthesizing enzymes, androgen receptor, and sex steroids in the vagina: possible implications for the treatment of postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. | to better understand the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the intravaginal administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) observed in postmenopausal women on sexual dysfunction. | 2014 | 24919541 |
| pharmacologic profile of the adnectin bms-962476, a small protein biologic alternative to pcsk9 antibodies for low-density lipoprotein lowering. | proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 (pcsk9) is an important pharmacological target for decreasing low-density lipoprotein (ldl) in cardiovascular disease, although seemingly inaccessible to small molecule approaches. compared with therapeutic igg antibodies currently in development, targeting circulating pcsk9 with smaller molecular scaffolds could offer different profiles and reduced dose burdens. this inspired genesis of pcsk9-binding adnectins, a protein family derived from human fibrone ... | 2014 | 24917546 |
| a mechanistic pharmacokinetic model elucidating the disposition of trastuzumab emtansine (t-dm1), an antibody-drug conjugate (adc) for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. | trastuzumab emtansine (t-dm1) is an antibody-drug conjugate (adc) therapeutic for treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2)-positive cancers. the t-dm1 dose product contains a mixture of drug-to-antibody ratio (dar) moieties whereby the small molecule dm1 is chemically conjugated to trastuzumab antibody. the pharmacokinetics (pk) underlying this system and other adcs are complex and have not been elucidated. accordingly, we have developed two pk modeling approaches from precli ... | 2014 | 24917179 |
| in vitro glucuronidation of armillarisin a: udp-glucuronosyltransferase 1a9 acts as a major contributor and significant species differences. | 1. this study is performed to investigate liver microsomal glucuronidation of armillarisin a (a.a), an effective cholagogue drug, aiming at characterizing the involved udp-glucuronosyltranferases (ugt) and revealing potential species differences. 2. a.a glucuronidation in human liver microsomes (hlm) generates one metabolite (m2) glucuronidated at the phenol hydroxyl group, obeying michaelis-menten kinetic model. multiple isoforms including ugt1a1, 1a7, 1a9 and 2b15 can catalyze a.a glucuronidat ... | 2014 | 24916899 |
| efficacy of repeated intravenous administration of peramivir against highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n1) virus in cynomolgus macaques. | highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n1) viruses cause severe and often fatal disease in humans. we evaluated the efficacy of repeated intravenous dosing of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/vietnam/ut3040/2004 (h5n1) infection in cynomolgus macaques. repeated dosing of peramivir (30 mg/kg/day once a day for 5 days) starting immediately after infection significantly reduced viral titers in the upper respiratory tract, body weight loss, and ... | 2014 | 24913156 |
| physiological parameters of macaca fascicularis immunized with anti-rubella vaccine with germanium-based adjuvants. | clinical status, hematological and biochemical parameters, and allergenic activity of organogermanium compounds used as adjuvants in complex with preparation from orlov rubella virus vaccine strain and reference commercial anti-rubella vaccine based on wistar ra 27/3 strain were studied on macaca fascilcularis of both genders. physiological parameters of monkeys immunized with the russian and foreign rubella virus vaccine strains with and without adjuvants did not differ. the adjuvants were ines ... | 2014 | 24909722 |
| expression of calcium-binding proteins and selected neuropeptides in the human, chimpanzee, and crab-eating macaque claustrum. | the claustrum is present in all mammalian species examined so far and its morphology, chemoarchitecture, physiology, phylogenesis and ontogenesis are still a matter of debate. several morphologically distinct types of immunostained cells were described in different mammalian species. to date, a comparative study on the neurochemical organization of the human and non-human primates claustrum has not been fully described yet, partially due to technical reasons linked to the postmortem sampling int ... | 2014 | 24904320 |
| genome sequence of a pathogenic isolate of monkey b virus (species macacine herpesvirus 1). | the only genome sequence for monkey b virus (bv; species macacine herpesvirus 1) is that of an attenuated vaccine strain originally isolated from a rhesus monkey (bvrh). here we report the genome sequence of a virulent bv strain isolated from a cynomolgus macaque (bvcy). the overall genome organization is the same, although sequence differences exist. the greatest sequence divergence is located in non-coding areas of the long and short repeat regions. like bvrh, bvcy has duplicated ori elements ... | 2014 | 24903602 |
| himbacine-derived thrombin receptor antagonists: c7-aminomethyl and c9a-hydroxy analogues of vorapaxar. | we have synthesized several c7-aminomethyl analogues of vorapaxar that are potent par-1 antagonists. many of these analogues showed excellent in vitro binding affinity and pharmacokinetics profile in rats. compound 6a from this series showed excellent par-1 activity (k i = 5 nm). we have also synthesized a c9a-hydroxy analogue of vorapaxar, which showed very good par-1 affinity (k i = 19.5 nm) along with excellent rat pharmacokinetic profile and ex vivo efficacy in the cynomolgus monkey. | 2014 | 24900795 |
| discovery of clinical candidate gsk1842799 as a selective s1p1 receptor agonist (prodrug) for multiple sclerosis. | to develop effective oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (ms), we discovered a series of alkyl-substituted biaryl amino alcohols as selective s1p1 modulators. one exemplar is (s)-2-amino-2-(5-(4-(octyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol (10, gsk1842799). upon phosphorylation, the compound (10-p) showed subnanomole s1p1 agonist activity with >1000× selectivity over s1p3. the alcohol 10 demonstrated good oral bioavailability and rapid in vivo conversion to 10-p. dos ... | 2013 | 24900589 |
| discovery of ds-8108b, a novel orally bioavailable renin inhibitor. | a novel orally bioavailable renin inhibitor, ds-8108b (5), showing potent renin inhibitory activity and excellent in vivo efficacy is described. we report herein the synthesis and pharmacological effects of 5 including renin inhibitory activity in vitro, suppressive effects of ex vivo plasma renin activity (pra) in cynomolgus monkey, pharmacokinetic data, and blood pressure-lowering effects in an animal model. compound 5 demonstrated inhibitory activities toward human renin (ic50 = 0.9 nm) and h ... | 2012 | 24900544 |
| discovery of bms-846372, a potent and orally active human cgrp receptor antagonist for the treatment of migraine. | calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) receptor antagonists have been clinically shown to be effective in the treatment of migraine, but identification of potent and orally bioavailable compounds has been challenging. herein, we describe the conceptualization, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of a potent, orally active cgrp receptor antagonist 5 (bms-846372). compound 5 has good oral bioavailability in rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkeys and overall attractive preclinical properties incl ... | 2012 | 24900474 |
| discovery of biib042, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable γ-secretase modulator. | we have investigated a novel series of acid-derived γ-secretase modulators as a potential treatment of alzheimer's disease. optimization based on cellular potency and brain pharmacodynamics after oral dosing led to the discovery of 10a (biib042). compound 10a is a potent γ-secretase modulator, which lowered aβ42, increased aβ38, but had little to no effect on aβ40 levels both in vitro and in vivo. in addition, compound 10a did not affect notch signaling in our in vitro assessment. compound 10a d ... | 2011 | 24900267 |
| phylogenetic relationships of malaysia's long-tailed macaques, macaca fascicularis, based on cytochrome b sequences. | phylogenetic relationships among malaysia's long-tailed macaques have yet to be established, despite abundant genetic studies of the species worldwide. the aims of this study are to examine the phylogenetic relationships of macaca fascicularis in malaysia and to test its classification as a morphological subspecies. a total of 25 genetic samples of m. fascicularis yielding 383 bp of cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences were used in phylogenetic analysis along with one sample each of m. nemestrina and ... | 2014 | 24899832 |
| disease severity is associated with differential gene expression at the early and late phases of infection in nonhuman primates infected with different h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | occasional transmission of highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza viruses to humans causes severe pneumonia with high mortality. to better understand the mechanisms via which h5n1 viruses induce severe disease in humans, we infected cynomolgus macaques with six different h5n1 strains isolated from human patients and compared their pathogenicity and the global host responses to the virus infection. although all h5n1 viruses replicated in the respiratory tract, there was substantial heterogeneity ... | 2014 | 24899188 |
| identification of 32 major histocompatibility complex class i alleles in african green monkeys. | the african green monkey may be an ideal replacement for the rhesus monkey in biomedical research, but relatively little is known about the genetic background of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. in analysis of 12 african green monkeys, 13 chae-a and 19 chae-b alleles were identified. among these alleles, 12 chae-a and 9 chae-b were new lineages. the full amino acid length deduced for chae-a genes is 365 amino acids, but for chae-b genes, the lengths are 365, 362, 361, an ... | 2014 | 24899078 |
| gene expression profiling of brains from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse)-infected cynomolgus macaques. | prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders whose pathogenesis mechanisms are not fully understood. in this context, the analysis of gene expression alterations occurring in prion-infected animals represents a powerful tool that may contribute to unravel the molecular basis of prion diseases and therefore discover novel potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutics. here we present the first large-scale transcriptional profiling of brains from bse-infected cynomolgus macaques, which ... | 2014 | 24898206 |
| observations on a newly described usage of the primate play face. | previously, the use of the relaxed open-mouth face (play face) in primates has been considered to be solely associated with play, both solitary and social. in a captive group of long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis) one variant of this facial signal (mime open- mouth face) was found to occur in apparently non-play social interactions. the nature of these interactions is compared and contrasted with social play, revealing that they differ in many respects. a general qualitative description o ... | 1979 | 24896391 |
| concurrent schedule control of monkey's observing during vigilance. | experiment i exposed three crab-eating macaques to a vigilance task which required them to detect signals by holding down a lever and to report their occurrences by releasing the lever. only those reporting responses which occurred within 1 s after onset of each signal were reinforced and letting go of the lever in the absence of the signals was punished by a blackout. signals were presented according to concurrent variable-interval schedules and subjects could change over between alternatives b ... | 1994 | 24895977 |
| high-resolution in vivo imaging of regimes of laser damage to the primate retina. | purpose. to investigate fundamental mechanisms of regimes of laser induced damage to the retina and the morphological changes associated with the damage response. methods. varying grades of photothermal, photochemical, and photomechanical retinal laser damage were produced in eyes of eight cynomolgus monkeys. an adaptive optics confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral domain optical coherence tomographer were combined to simultaneously collect complementary in vivo images of retinal l ... | 2014 | 24891943 |
| chikungunya antibodies detected in non-human primates and rats in three indian ocean islands after the 2006 chikv outbreak. | the role of terrestrial vertebrates in the epidemiology of chikungunya disease is poorly understood. we evaluated their exposure and amplification role during the 2006 chikungunya outbreak in the indian ocean. blood samples were collected from 18 mammalian and reptile species from reunion island, mauritius and mayotte. among the 1051 samples serologically tested for chikungunya virus (chikv), two crab-eating macaques (macaca fascicularis) and two ship rats (rattus rattus) proved to be exposed to ... | 2014 | 24885529 |
| altered social interactions in male juvenile cynomolgus monkeys prenatally exposed to bisphenol a. | bisphenol a (bpa) is a widespread environmental contaminant, and humans are routinely exposed to bpa. we investigated whether prenatal exposure to bpa influences behavioral development in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). pregnant cynomolgus monkeys were implanted with subcutaneous pumps and exposed to 10μg/kg/day bpa or vehicle (control) from gestational day 20 to 132. both bpa-exposed and control juvenile monkeys (aged 1-2years) were assessed using the peer-encounter test that ... | 2014 | 24882564 |
| translational pk/pd modeling for cardiovascular safety assessment of drug candidates: methods and examples in drug development. | cardiovascular toxicity is a significant cause of candidate failure in drug development. pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) modeling may reduce attrition by improving the understanding of the relationship between drug exposure and changes in cardiovascular endpoints. diverse examples are discussed that elucidate how modeling can facilitate the interpretation of cardiovascular safety data in animals and enable quantitative translation of preclinical findings to man. | 2014 | 24879942 |
| ultrastructural changes of the vitreoretinal interface during long-term follow-up after removal of the internal limiting membrane. | to investigate long-term ultrastructural changes in the retina after internal limiting membrane (ilm) peeling through the examination of morphologic changes 3 years after vitrectomy in cynomolgus monkeys. | 2014 | 24878309 |
| effects of amphetamine, diazepam and caffeine on polysomnography (eeg, emg, eog)-derived variables measured using telemetry in cynomolgus monkeys. | medication-induced sleep disturbances are a major concern in drug development as a multitude of prescription drugs alter sleep patterns, often negatively. polysomnography is used in clinical diagnostics but is also applicable to animal models. rodent sleep architecture (nocturnal) differs from larger diurnal mammals, including humans, increasing the translational potential of non-rodent species to the clinic. this study aimed to characterize the response to pharmacological agents known to affect ... | 2014 | 24878255 |
| in vitro characterization of the anti-pd-1 antibody nivolumab, bms-936558, and in vivo toxicology in non-human primates. | the programmed death-1 (pd-1) receptor serves as an immunologic checkpoint, limiting bystander tissue damage and preventing the development of autoimmunity during inflammatory responses. pd-1 is expressed by activated t cells and downmodulates t-cell effector functions upon binding to its ligands, pd-l1 and pd-l2, on antigen-presenting cells. in patients with cancer, the expression of pd-1 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and its interaction with the ligands on tumor and immune cells in the tum ... | 2014 | 24872026 |
| retained fetal adrenal cortex in a cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis). | an incidental, bilateral, retained fetal adrenal cortex was detected in a male cynomolgus macaque (age, approximately 2.4 y) used in a 4-week toxicology study. microscopic examination of the adrenal gland cortex zone revealed the presence of additional solid sheets and columns of cells supported by vascular capillary bed and composed of large polyhedral cells with abundant eosinophilic, slightly finely vacuolated cytoplasm that surrounded the entire circumference of the medulla. nuclei were vesi ... | 2014 | 24867272 |
| a natural model of behavioral depression in postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | postpartum depression (ppd) is a modified form of major depressive disorders (mdd) that can exert profound negative effects on both mothers and infants than mdd. within the postpartum period, both mothers and infants are susceptible; but because ppd typically occurs for short durations and has moderate symptoms, there exists challenges in exploring and addressing the underlying cause of the depression. this fact highlights the need for relevant animal models. in the present study, postpartum adu ... | 2014 | 24866487 |
| arsenite-induced changes in hepatic protein abundance in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | arsenic is an environmental pollutant, and its liver toxicity has long been recognized. the effect of arsenic on liver protein expression was analyzed using a proteomic approach in monkeys. monkeys were orally administered sodium arsenite (sa) for 28 days. as shown by 2d-page in combination with ms, the expression levels of 16 proteins were quantitatively changed in sa-treated monkey livers compared to control-treated monkey livers. specifically, the levels of two proteins, mortalin and tubulin ... | 2014 | 24866292 |
| evaluation of cardiovascular parameters in cynomolgus monkeys following iv administration of lbr-101, a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide. | calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) is a well-validated target for migraine therapy and a known potent systemic vasodilator. lbr-101 is a monoclonal antibody against cgrp in clinical development for the preventive treatment of episodic and chronic migraine. understanding the hemodynamic and cardiovascular consequences of chronic cgrp inhibition is therefore warranted. given the conservation in cgrp sequence between monkeys and humans, addressing this question in monkeys is ideal as it allows ... | 2017 | 24866108 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of two c-11-labeled pet tracers for vesicular acetylcholine transporter. | the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vacht) is a specific biomarker for imaging presynaptic cholinergic neurons. herein, two potent and selective (11)c-labeled vacht inhibitors were evaluated in rodents and nonhuman primates for imaging vacht in vivo. | 2014 | 24865402 |
| pre-clinical development of a combination microbicide vaginal ring containing dapivirine and darunavir. | combination microbicide vaginal rings may be more effective than single microbicide rings at reducing/preventing sexual transmission of hiv. here, we report the pre-clinical development and macaque pharmacokinetics of matrix-type silicone elastomer vaginal rings containing dapivirine and darunavir. | 2014 | 24862093 |
| hearing in action; auditory properties of neurons in the red nucleus of alert primates. | the response of neurons in the red nucleus pars magnocellularis (rnm) to both tone bursts and electrical stimulation were observed in three cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis), in a series of studies primarily designed to characterize the influence of the dopaminergic ventral midbrain on auditory processing. compared to its role in motor behavior, little is known about the sensory response properties of neurons in the red nucleus (rn); particularly those concerning the auditory modality. si ... | 2014 | 24860417 |
| investigation of maternal and fetal exposure to an igg2 monoclonal antibody following biweekly intravaginal administration to cynomolgus monkeys throughout pregnancy. | to assess the potential for male-mediated drug transfer to their female partner and/or developing conceptus, vaginal uptake of a monoclonal antibody (mab) biotherapeutic was assessed in cynomolgus monkeys. a human igg2 mab (igg2x; bound human and cynomolgus monkey neonatal fc-receptor, fcrn, with similar high affinity) was administered intravaginally (ivg; 100mg/dose) to 5 pregnant cynomolgus monkeys biweekly from gestation day (gd) 21 to gd133. in all maternal samples collected before gd119, ig ... | 2014 | 24859271 |
| non-invasive measure of respiratory mechanics and conventional respiratory parameters in conscious large animals by high frequency airwave oscillometry. | a number of drugs in clinical trials are discontinued due to potentially life-threatening airway obstruction. as some drugs may not cause changes in core battery parameters such as tidal volume (vt), respiratory rate (rr) or minute ventilation (mv), including measurements of respiratory mechanics in safety pharmacology studies represents an opportunity for design refinement. the present study aimed to test a novel non-invasive methodology to concomitantly measure respiratory system resistance (r ... | 2014 | 24857836 |
| utility of finger maze test for learning and memory abilities in infants of cynomolgus monkeys exposed to thiamazole. | a new type of learning and memory test using a finger maze was conducted in infant cynomolgus monkeys that were exposed to thiamazole (2 and 3.5 mg/kg per day to pregnant animals orally) during the fetal period (gestational days 120 to 150). we modified tsuchida's original finger maze test method by reducing the number of trials per day and simplifying the criteria for achievement of training, and we added a long-term memory test. in the memory test, thiamazole-exposed infants required greater t ... | 2014 | 24854349 |
| combined administration of rg7652, a recombinant human monoclonal antibody against pcsk9, and atorvastatin does not result in reduction of immune function. | rg7652 is a human igg1 monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (pcsk9) binding to hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor (ldl-r), thereby blocking pcsk9-mediated degradation of ldl-r. this therapeutic candidate is under development for the prevention of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in dyslipidemic patients. the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential immunotoxicological effects of rg7652 when given to cynomolgus monk ... | 2014 | 24848798 |
| serum β-nerve growth factor concentrations in pregnant female, nonpregnant female, and male cynomolgus monkeys. | serum β-nerve growth factor (ngf) concentrations were determined in pregnant female, nonpregnant female, and male cynomolgus monkeys using a highly selective and sensitive immunoaffinity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. ngf was significantly higher in pregnant monkeys than in nonpregnant female and male monkeys. ngf increased over pregnancy (mean ngf±sd: 541±448, 1590±520, and 3560±1430 pg/ml during the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively). these data will aid ... | 2014 | 24848615 |
| a simple and safe technique for longitudinal bone marrow aspiration in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. | longitudinal bone marrow aspirates were obtained aseptically from the humerus of 36 rhesus and 6 cynomolgus macaques by using a 20g spinal needle, introduced through the bone close to the greater tuberosity. all samplings were performed without complications, and the animals showed no signs of pain or infections. the amount of total bone marrow cells obtained from each aspiration varied, in part due to animal-to-animal variation, but the yields were not affected by the sampling frequency or the ... | 2014 | 24846526 |
| generation of a monkey with mecp2 mutations by talen-based gene targeting. | gene editing in model organisms has provided critical insights into brain development and diseases. here, we report the generation of a cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis) carrying mecp2 mutations using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens)-mediated gene targeting. after injecting talens mrna into monkey zygotes achieved by in vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation into surrogate monkeys, we obtained one male newborn monkey with an mecp2 deletion caused by frameshi ... | 2014 | 24838303 |
| investigation of spinal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons expressing pkd2l1: evidence for a conserved system from fish to primates. | over 90 years ago, kolmer and agduhr identified spinal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (csf-cns) based on their morphology and location within the spinal cord. in more than 200 vertebrate species, they observed ciliated neurons around the central canal that extended a brush of microvilli into the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). although their morphology is suggestive of a primitive sensory cell, their function within the vertebrate spinal cord remains unknown. the identification of specific mo ... | 2014 | 24834029 |
| drug oxygenation activities mediated by liver microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenases 1 and 3 in humans, monkeys, rats, and minipigs. | liver microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenases (fmo, ec 1.14.13.8) 1 and 3 were functionally characterized in terms of expression levels and molecular catalytic capacities in human, cynomolgus monkey, rat, and minipig livers. liver microsomal fmo3 in humans and monkeys and fmo1 and fmo3 in rats and minipigs could be determined immunochemically with commercially available anti-human fmo3 peptide antibodies or rat fmo1 peptide antibodies. with respect to fmo-dependent n-oxygenation of benzydami ... | 2014 | 24821112 |
| infinium monkeys: infinium 450k array for the cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis). | the infinium human methylation450 beadchip array (infinium 450k) is a robust and cost-efficient survey of genome-wide dna methylation patterns. macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus macaque) is an important disease model; however, its genome sequence is only recently published, and few tools exist to interrogate the molecular state of cynomolgus macaque tissues. although the infinium 450k is a hybridization array designed to the human genome, the relative conservation between the macaque and human gen ... | 2014 | 24815017 |
| non-clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rviii-singlechain, a novel recombinant single-chain factor viii. | rviii-singlechain (csl627), a novel recombinant coagulation factor viii (fviii), is under investigation in a phase i/iii clinical programme (affinity) for the treatment of haemophilia a. non-clinical studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of rviii-singlechain in comparison with full-length recombinant fviii. | 2014 | 24814969 |
| pharmacology of biosimilar candidate drugs in rheumatology: a literature review. | to review current evidence concerning pharmacology of biosimilar candidates to be used in rheumatology. | 2015 | 24811458 |
| cynomolgus and pigtail macaque igg subclasses: characterization of ighg genes and computational analysis of igg/fc receptor binding affinity. | macaques are the most widely used experimental nonhuman primate (nhp) species. rhesus (macaca mulatta, macmul), cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis, macfas), and pigtail (macaca nemestrina, macnem) macaques continue to be popular models for vaccine and infectious diseases research, especially hiv infection and aids, and for the development of antibody-based therapeutic strategies. increased understanding of the immune system of these species is necessary for their optimal use as models of human infe ... | 2014 | 24811270 |
| the role of anthropic, ecological, and social factors in sleeping site choice by long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis). | when choosing their sleeping sites, primates make adaptive trade-offs between various biotic and abiotic constraints. in human-modified environments, anthropic factors may play a role. we assessed the influence of ecological (predation), social (intergroup competition), and anthropic (proximity to human settlements) factors in sleeping site choice by long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis) occupying a habitat at the interface of natural forests and human-modified zones in bali barat national ... | 2014 | 24810544 |
| assessment and improvement of indian-origin rhesus macaque and mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaque genome annotations using deep transcriptome sequencing data. | the genome annotations of rhesus (macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) macaques, two of the most common non-human primate animal models, are limited. | 2014 | 24810475 |
| utility of cerebrospinal fluid drug concentration as a surrogate for unbound brain concentration in nonhuman primates. | in central nervous system drug discovery, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) drug concentration (c(csf)) has been widely used as a surrogate for unbound brain concentrations (c(u,brain)). however, previous rodent studies demonstrated that when drugs undergo active efflux by transporters, such as p-glycoprotein (p-gp), at the blood-brain barrier, the c(csf) overestimates the corresponding c(u,brain). to investigate the utility of c(csf) as a surrogate for interstitial fluid (isf) concentration (c(isf)) in ... | 2014 | 24806821 |
| polymorphisms of neonatal fc receptor in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. | neonatal fc receptor (fcrn), a heterodimer of mhc class i-like protein and β2-microglobulin, encoded by fcgrt and b2m, respectively, is important for recycling immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies by binding with the fc region of igg. cynomolgus macaques are important animal species used in the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies, largely due to sequence similarities of target proteins to those of humans. because the function of fcrn could be modified by mutations in fcgrt or b2m, 71 cynomolgus an ... | 2014 | 24806819 |
| characterization and screening of igg binding to the neonatal fc receptor. | the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) protects immunoglobulin g (igg) from degradation and increases the serum half-life of igg, thereby contributing to a higher concentration of igg in the serum. because altered fcrn binding may result in a reduced or prolonged half-life of igg molecules, it is advisable to characterize fc receptor binding of therapeutic antibody lead candidates prior to the start of pre-clinical and clinical studies. in this study, we characterized the interactions between fcrn of d ... | 2017 | 24802048 |
| fr-190997, a nonpeptide bradykinin b2-receptor partial agonist, is a potent and efficacious intraocular pressure lowering agent in ocular hypertensive cynomolgus monkeys. | preclinical research fr-190997 (8-[2,6-dichloro-3-[n-[(e)-4-(n-methylcarbamoyl) cinnaminoacetyl]-n-methylamino]benzyloxy]-2-methyl-4- (2-pyridylmethoxy) quinoline), a nonpeptide bradykinin (bk) b2-receptor-selective agonist, represents a novel class of ocular hypotensive agents. fr-190997 exhibited a high affinity for the human cloned b2-receptor (ki = 9.8 nm) and a relatively high potency (ec50 = 155 nm) for mobilizing intracellular ca(2+) ([ca(2+)]i) in human ocular cells from nonpigmented cil ... | 2014 | 24796320 |
| cerebral baylisascaris larva migrans in a cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis). | an incidental, asymptomatic, focal inflammatory lesion was detected in brain cerebrum of an approximately 6-year-old, female cynomolgus macaque from a chronic toxicology study. no gross lesions were noted at necropsy. microscopically, the lesion contained a cross-section of larvae approximately 70-80 μm in diameter, a centrally located intestine flanked on either side by large triangular excretory columns, and prominent single lateral cuticular alae. mixed inflammatory cells of eosinophils, macr ... | 2014 | 24795276 |
| whole-scalp eeg mapping of somatosensory evoked potentials in macaque monkeys. | high-density scalp eeg recordings are widely used to study whole-brain neuronal networks in humans non-invasively. here, we validate eeg mapping of somatosensory evoked potentials (sseps) in macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis) for the long-term investigation of large-scale neuronal networks and their reorganisation after lesions requiring a craniotomy. sseps were acquired from 33 scalp electrodes in five adult anaesthetized animals after electrical median or tibial nerve stimulation. ssep scal ... | 2015 | 24791748 |
| a comparison of the histological structure of the placenta in experimental animals. | the primary function of the placenta is to act as an interface between the dam and fetus. the anatomic structure of the chorioallantoic placenta in eutherian mammals varies between different animal species. the placental types in eutherian mammals are classified from various standpoints based on the gross shape, the histological structure of the materno-fetal interface, the type of materno-fetal interdigitation, etc. particularly, the histological structure is generally considered one of the mos ... | 2014 | 24791062 |
| (18)f-mcl-524, an (18)f-labeled dopamine d2 and d3 receptor agonist sensitive to dopamine: a preliminary pet study. | pet has been used to examine changes in neurotransmitter concentrations in the living brain. pioneering pet studies on the dopamine system have used d2 and d3 receptor (d2/d3) antagonists such as (11)c-raclopride. however, more recently developed agonist radioligands have shown enhanced sensitivity to endogenous dopamine. a limitation of available agonist radioligands is that they incorporate the short-lived radioisotope (11)c. in the current study, we developed the (18)f-labeled d2/d3 receptor ... | 2014 | 24790219 |
| antidyslipidemic effects of a farnesoid x receptor antagonist in primates. | we investigated antidyslipidemic effects of a farnesoid x receptor antagonist compound-t3 in non-human primates as a novel treatment approach for dyslipidemia. | 2014 | 24787893 |
| gsk356278, a potent, selective, brain-penetrant phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that demonstrates anxiolytic and cognition-enhancing effects without inducing side effects in preclinical species. | small molecule phosphodiesterase (pde) 4 inhibitors have long been known to show therapeutic benefit in various preclinical models of psychiatric and neurologic diseases because of their ability to elevate camp in various cell types of the central nervous system. despite the registration of the first pde4 inhibitor, roflumilast, for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the therapeutic potential of pde4 inhibitors in neurologic diseases has never been fulfilled in the clinic du ... | 2014 | 24784567 |
| effects of eight-month treatment with ono-5334, a cathepsin k inhibitor, on bone metabolism, strength and microstructure in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys. | this study examined the effect of ono-5334, a cathepsin k inhibitor, on bone turnover, mineral density (bmd), mechanical strength and microstructure in ovariectomized (ovx) cynomolgus monkeys. vehicle, ono-5334 (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) or alendronate (0.5 mg/kg) was orally administered for eight months to sham- and ovx-operated monkeys. ono-5334 dose-dependently suppressed ovx-induced increase in bone turnover markers (urinary c-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type i collagen (ctx) and serum os ... | 2014 | 24784023 |
| a prostaglandin e2 receptor antagonist prevents pregnancies during a preclinical contraceptive trial with female macaques. | can administration of a prostaglandin (pg) e2 receptor 2 (ptger2) antagonist prevent pregnancy in adult female monkeys by blocking periovulatory events in the follicle without altering menstrual cyclicity or general health? | 2014 | 24781425 |
| the rapid and sustained responses of dendritic cells to influenza virus infection in a non-human primate model. | dendritic cells (dcs) are readily infected by influenza viruses and play a crucial role in regulating host innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. the aims of this study are to characterize the dynamic changes in the numbers and maturation status of dendritic cells present in the lung and lung-associated lymph nodes (lalns) in the model of a non-human primate (nhp) infected by influenza a virus (iav). cynomolgus macaques were infected with influenza a virus (h3n2) via bronchosco ... | 2016 | 24780366 |
| blunt force trauma to skull with various instruments. | deaths due to blunt force trauma to the head as a result of assault are some of the most common cases encountered by the practicing forensic pathologist. previous studies have shown inflicting injury to the head region is one of the most effective methods of murder. the important factors that determine severity of trauma include the type of weapon used, type and site of skull fracture, intracranial haemorrhage and severity of brain injury. the aim of this study was to determine the characteristi ... | 2014 | 24763233 |
| competitive inhibition of sglt2 by tofogliflozin or phlorizin induces urinary glucose excretion through extending splay in cynomolgus monkeys. | sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (sglt2) inhibitors showed a glucose lowering effect in type 2 diabetes patients through inducing renal glucose excretion. detailed analysis of the mechanism of the glucosuric effect of sglt2 inhibition, however, has been hampered by limitations of clinical study. here, we investigated the mechanism of urinary glucose excretion using nonhuman primates with sglt inhibitors tofogliflozin and phlorizin, both in vitro and in vivo. in cells overexpressing cynomolgus monk ... | 2014 | 24761001 |
| durability of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based marburg virus vaccine in nonhuman primates. | the filoviruses, marburg virus (marv) and ebola virus, causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans and nonhuman primates. a promising filovirus vaccine under development is based on a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rvsv) that expresses individual filovirus glycoproteins (gps) in place of the vsv glycoprotein (g). these vaccines have shown 100% efficacy against filovirus infection in nonhuman primates when challenge occurs 28-35 days after a single injection immunizatio ... | 2014 | 24759889 |
| placental transfer of a fully human igg2 monoclonal antibody in the cynomolgus monkey, rat, and rabbit: a comparative assessment from during organogenesis to late gestation. | understanding species differences in the placental transfer of monoclonal antibodies is important to inform species selection for nonclinical safety assessment, interpret embryo-fetal changes observed in these studies, and extrapolate their human relevance. data presented here for a fully human immunoglobulin g2 monoclonal antibody (igg2x) revealed that, during organogenesis, in both the cynomolgus monkey (gestation day 35 [gd35]) and the rat (gd10) the extent of igg2x placental transfer (approx ... | 2014 | 24753333 |
| establishment of a liver fibrosis model in cynomolgus monkeys. | hepatic fibrosis, resulted from hepatoxicity and other diseases such as diabetes, is an important pathological characteristic of chronic liver diseases. establishment of hepatic fibrosis animal models is of great importance and a prerequisite for human clinical studies. the common models for liver fibrosis are often established in lower small animals such as rats, but non-human primates are a much better model for human diseases because of the physiological similarity with humans. in this study, ... | 2014 | 24751324 |
| chronic wasting disease agents in nonhuman primates. | chronic wasting disease is a prion disease of cervids. assessment of its zoonotic potential is critical. to evaluate primate susceptibility, we tested monkeys from 2 genera. we found that 100% of intracerebrally inoculated and 92% of orally inoculated squirrel monkeys were susceptible, but cynomolgus macaques were not, suggesting possible low risk for humans. | 2014 | 24751215 |
| improvements of vaginal atrophy without systemic side effects after topical application of pueraria mirifica, a phytoestrogen-rich herb, in postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques. | the estrogenic efficacy of topical vaginal application of pueraria mirifica extract (pm) on the restoration of vaginal atrophy, and the presence of any systemic side effects, were investigated in postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques. twelve postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques, with complete cessation of menstruation for at least 5 years before start of this experiment, were divided into three groups. they received a topical vaginal application daily of 0.1 or 1% (w/w) pm cream or a conjugated equin ... | 2014 | 24748397 |
| efficacy and safety of avp-21d9, an anthrax monoclonal antibody, in animal models and humans. | anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis. timely administration of antibiotics approved for the treatment of anthrax disease may prevent associated morbidity and mortality. however, any delay in initiating antimicrobial therapy may result in increased mortality, as inhalational anthrax progresses rapidly to the toxemic phase of disease. an anthrax antitoxin, avp-21d9, also known as thravixa (fully human anthrax monoclonal antibody), is being ... | 2014 | 24733473 |
| analysis of prostate-specific antigen transcripts in chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, baboons, and african green monkeys. | the function of prostate-specific antigen (psa) is to liquefy the semen coagulum so that the released sperm can fuse with the ovum. fifteen spliced variants of the psa gene have been reported in humans, but little is known about alternative splicing in nonhuman primates. positive selection has been reported in sex- and reproductive-related genes from sea urchins to drosophila to humans; however, there are few studies of adaptive evolution of the psa gene. here, using polymerase chain reaction (p ... | 2014 | 24732672 |
| characterization of askp1240, a fully human antibody targeting human cd40 with potent immunosuppressive effects. | blocking the cd40-cd154 interaction is reported to be effective for transplantation management and autoimmune disease models in rodents and nonhuman primates. however, clinical trials with anti-cd154 mabs were halted because of high incidence of thromboembolic complications. thus, we generated and characterized a fully human anti-cd40 mab askp1240, as an alternative to anti-cd154 mab. in vitro askp1240 concentration-dependently inhibited human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation indu ... | 2014 | 24731050 |
| infant cynomolgus monkeys exposed to denosumab in utero exhibit an osteoclast-poor osteopetrotic-like skeletal phenotype at birth and in the early postnatal period. | rankl is a key regulator of bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis. denosumab is a fully human igg2 monoclonal antibody that inhibits bone resorption by binding and inhibiting the activity of rankl. to determine the effects of denosumab on pre- and postnatal skeletal growth and development, subcutaneous injections of 0 (control) or 50 mg/kg/month denosumab were given to pregnant cynomolgus monkeys from approximately gestation day (gd) 20 until parturition (up to 6 doses). for up to 6 months post ... | 2014 | 24727159 |
| effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on primordial follicle survival in the primate ovary. | to examine the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) antagonist on primordial follicle reserve in the primate ovary. | 2014 | 24724216 |