Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| a different look at corticosteroids. | systemic corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of numerous medical conditions for approximately 50 years. short-acting products such as hydrocortisone are the least potent. prednisone and methylprednisolone, which are intermediate-acting products, are four to five times more potent than hydrocortisone. dexamethasone is a long-acting, systemic corticosteroid; its potency is about 25 times greater than the short-acting products. corticosteroids reduce the need for hospitalization in pati ... | 1998 | 9713398 |
| [non-invasive mechanical ventilation as treatment for severe pneumonia in an hiv positive patient]. | a 27 year-old hiv+ patient was admitted to the hospital for probable pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he was severely dyspneic, with respiratory rate of 44 x min and accessory respiratory muscle contraction. the alveolar-arterial quotient was 0.35. ventilation by bipap was applied during 12 hours. after bipap a/ao2 was o.42, with amelioration of dyspnea, decrease of respiratory rate (25 x min) and without using of accessory respiratory muscles. no complications occurred. at the end of hospi ... | 1998 | 9713103 |
| induction of fibrinogen expression in the lung epithelium during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii is an important pulmonary pathogen responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with aids. the acute-phase response (apr), the primary mechanism used by the body to restore homeostasis following infection, is characterized by increased levels of circulating fibrinogen (fbg). although the liver is the primary site of increased fbg synthesis during the apr, we unexpectedly discovered that fbg is synthesized and secreted by lung alveolar epithelial cells in vitro during ... | 1998 | 9712798 |
| characterization of major surface glycoprotein genes of human pneumocystis carinii and high-level expression of a conserved region. | to facilitate studies of pneumocystis carinii infection in humans, we undertook to better characterize and to express the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of human p. carinii, an important protein in host-pathogen interactions. seven msg genes were cloned from a single isolate by pcr or genomic library screening and were sequenced. the predicted proteins, like rat msgs, were closely related but unique variants, with a high level of conservation among cysteine residues. a conserved immunodominant ... | 1998 | 9712777 |
| high-dose immunoglobulin therapy for a patient with dermatomyositis. | a 46-year-old woman was admitted to our department complaining of dermal eruption and weakness of muscles. she was diagnosed as having dermatomyositis and was initially treated with prednisolone. since her condition rapidly deteriorated, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.ig) therapy (0.4 g/kg/day i.v. for 5 days) was administered. marked improvement in muscle strength was observed the following day after the first administration. she unfortunately died of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis ... | 1998 | 9711898 |
| plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan measurement and polymerase chain reaction on sputum as practical parameters in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we report a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosed and monitored with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for pneumocystis carinii on sputum and measurement of plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan (g-test). results of both studies paralleled the clinical and radiographic improvement. however, the plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan level remained higher than normal when pcr for pneumocystis carinii became negative in sputum. both pcr for pneumocystis c ... | 1998 | 9711891 |
| radiographic aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the miniature dachshund. | the thoracic radiographic changes of pneumocystis carinii in 7 miniature dachshunds were reviewed. the dogs were 7-12 months old and presented with polypnea, exercise intolerance and clinical signs suggestive of immune-incompetence. p. carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in all the dogs using transtracheal aspirate cytology and confirmed at postmortem in 3 dogs that died. radiographically, diffuse pulmonary changes were present and varied from a mild interstitial and bronchial pattern to an alveolar ... | 1998 | 9710133 |
| pneumonia after heart transplantation: a multi-institutional study. spanish transplantation infection study group. | a multiinstitutional study of 307 heart transplant recipients was carried out to determine the clinical, radiographic, and prognostic characteristics, the incidence, and the etiology of pneumonias in the first year after transplantation. there were 21.1 cases of pneumonia per 100 heart transplantations. seventy-five percent of the cases occurred in the first trimester. eighty-two causal agents were identified, of which 60% were opportunistic, 25% were nosocomial, and 15% were community-acquired. ... | 1998 | 9709883 |
| single amino acid substitutions disrupt tetramer formation in the dihydroneopterin aldolase enzyme of pneumocystis carinii. | in the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii, dihydroneopterin aldolase function is expressed as the n-terminal portion of the multifunctional folic acid synthesis protein (fas). this region encompasses two domains, fasa and fasb, which are 27% amino acid identical. fasa and fasb also share significant amino acid sequence similarity with bacterial dihydroneopterin aldolases. in the present study, this enzyme function has been overproduced as an independent monofunctional activity in escher ... | 1998 | 9709001 |
| analysis of life-long strategies to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with variable hiv progression rates. | to compare strategies for life-long prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a group of aids patients with a wide range of disease progression rates. | 1998 | 9708411 |
| combined use of blood and oropharyngeal samples for noninvasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using the polymerase chain reaction. | to evaluate the clinical use of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) using samples collected noninvasively, the internal transcribed spacers (itss) nested pcr was performed on 148 samples from 40 subjects. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid sera, gargled oropharyngeal washes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 14 aids patients (mean age, 35.6 years; mean cd4+ cell count, 49.2 cells/mm3) with proven pcp and from 13 hiv-serop ... | 1998 | 9707306 |
| autologous pbpct in a patient with lymphoma and sjögren's syndrome: complete remission of lymphoma without control of the autoimmune disease. | a patient with primary sjögren's syndrome developed massive gland enlargement and was diagnosed a malt-type lymphoma stage iia. after initial radiotherapy the patient relapsed with high grade immunoblastic lymphoma. chemotherapy led to remission of the lymphoma and improvement of the autoimmune disease. a peripheral blood stem cell harvest was performed. however, subsequent to standard chemotherapy the patient experienced an exacerbation of arthralgia and vasculitis while his lymphoma remained i ... | 1998 | 9707034 |
| determination of copy number of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. | differential pcr was performed to determine the copy number of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. two different reference genes, thymidylate synthase (ts) and beta-tubulin (btu) genes, were used. primers for the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of nuclear rrna genes and either the ts or btu gene were mixed together to perform pcr on seven different bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from patients with p. carinii pneumonia. the radioactivity derived from the incorporated rad ... | 1998 | 9705380 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating methotrexate treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris. | 1998 | 9704846 | |
| infectious diseases in the liver transplant recipient. | despite a declining incidence, infections remain a significant complication in liver transplant recipients. the spectrum of infections in transplant recipients, however, appears to be evolving. infections caused by gram-positive bacteria (e.g., enterococci and staphylococci) have now surpassed in frequency those caused by gram-negative bacteria. there has been a decline in the incidence of pneumocystis carinii and more recently cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients, largely as a res ... | 1998 | 9700844 |
| detection of parasites with dna-binding bisbenzimide h33258 in pneumocystis carinii- and leishmania-containing materials. | even for routine purposes, standard staining of pneumocystis- or leishmania-containing materials, e.g., with giemsa or diff-quik, is often unsatisfactory due to poor contrast and to staining of irrelevant structures. in comparison, the bisbenzimide dye hoechst 33258, a dna-binding fluorochrome, allows a more precise analysis of such materials. bisbenzimide stained all stages of these fungal or protozoal organisms with brilliant contrast against a uniformly dark background. the level of backgroun ... | 1998 | 9694372 |
| cross-reactivity in hiv-infected patients switched from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to dapsone. | to evaluate the cross-reactivity of dapsone after a documented hypersensitivity reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) during prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9692656 |
| co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium intracellulare in aids. clinical and epidemiological aspects. | in the observation of various opportunistic pathogens in hiv-positive persons, co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans together with mycobacterium avium intracellulare was found if there was a cd4 lymphocyte count as low as 3-20/microliters. in 1540 hiv-positive patients under treatment at a berlin hospital (auguste-viktoria-krankenhaus) during 1985-1994, all aids-relevant diseases were examined in a multivariate analysis as variables of influence on the manifestation of a systemic mycobacterium ... | 1997 | 9691498 |
| characterization of a mitogen-activated protein kinase from pneumocystis carinii. | the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii causes severe pneumonia in patients with impaired immunity, particularly patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the life cycle of p. carinii is poorly understood, and the inability to continuously culture p. carinii is a major limitation in understanding its cell biology. in fungi homologous to p. carinii, pheromone mating factors signal through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction cascade, resulting in mitotic cell c ... | 1998 | 9688951 |
| interaction of rat pneumocystis carinii and rat alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. | during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, p. carinii trophic forms adhere tightly to type i alveolar epithelial cells (aecs). however, the manner in which the interaction between p. carinii organisms and aecs results in clinical pneumonia has not been explored. to investigate this interaction in vitro, we established a culture system using rat p. carinii and primary cultures of rat aecs. we hypothesized that binding of p. carinii to aecs would alter the metabolic, structural, and barrier functions ... | 1998 | 9688943 |
| efficacy of mk-991 (l-743,872), a semisynthetic pneumocandin, in murine models of pneumocystis carinii. | in addition to its potent efficacy in animal models against candida sp., aspergillus fumigatus, and histoplasma capsulatum, the clinical candidate pneumocandin mk-991 (formerly l-743,872) was also extremely potent against pneumocystis carinii in models of immune-compromised animals. mk-991 was approximately 14 times more potent than the original natural product lead, pneumocandin b0. the 90% effective dose (ed90) of mk-991 for cyst clearance in the rat model for pneumocystis was 0.011 mg/kg of b ... | 1998 | 9687394 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-positive patients. bronchoalveolar lavage vs. bronchial brushing. | to evaluate the contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and bronchial brushing (bb) and the use of different tinctorial stains in the detection of pneumocystis carinii (pc) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients. | 1998 | 9684580 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in aids patients with diarrhoea in santa maria hospital, lisbon. | we report the findings of a longitudinal observational study on hiv-infected patients grouped by presumed transmission group, who had diarrhoea. the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with cryptosporidium infection on these patients. modifiied formol-ether concentration followed by modified ziehl-neelsen and phenol-auramine/carbol-fuchsin staining techniques were used to identify cryptosporidium from 465 patients. cryptosporidiosis was reported in 36/465 ... | 1998 | 9684326 |
| immunization with the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii elicits a protective response. | pneumocystis carinii, a leading opportunistic pulmonary pathogen, contains a major surface glycoprotein (msg) which plays a central role in its interaction with the host. naive lewis rats were immunized with varying concentrations of purified native msg and a recombinant form of the protein (msg-b), placed in a conventional rat colony with exposure to p. carinii, and immunosuppressed with corticosteroids for 10 weeks to induce the development of pneumocystosis. immunization elicited humoral and ... | 1998 | 9682373 |
| oral manifestations of toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) in patients with aids: report of five cases. | to describe oral findings in hiv-infected individuals with toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten). | 1998 | 9680896 |
| molecular characterization of mouse pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein a. | since the mouse offers an easily manipulated experimental animal model for the study of the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia caused by the opportunist pneumocystis carinii, we cloned and characterized cdnas encoding an abundant, immunogenic surface antigen termed glycoprotein a (gpa) from mouse p. carinii. a cdna library was constructed in bacteriophage lambda gt11 from p. carinii-infected mouse lung poly(a+) rna. using a nucleic acid probe derived from a conserved region of the mouse p. carinii ... | 1998 | 9679195 |
| hiv and the lung. | the spectrum of hiv-related respiratory diseases has evolved since initial years of the epidemic. with changes in the definition of aids, shifts in demographic and behavior risk factors for hiv infection, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, the incidence of bacterial pneumonia has matched that of pcp. combination antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors has been a major contributor to a recent decline in hiv-related opportunistic infections. these advances will almost ce ... | 1998 | 9675515 |
| use of dapsone in the prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a review. | dapsone, with or without trimethoprim or pyrimethamine, has strong anti-pneumocystis carinii activity, as demonstrated by in vitro methods, animal studies, and clinical trials. the drug blocks folic acid synthesis of p. carinii by inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase activity. dapsone is efficiently absorbed (70%-80%) from the gastrointestinal tract, reaches peak serum concentration in 2-6 hours, and is adequately distributed to the fluid of the alveolar spaces. synergistic effects against p ... | 1998 | 9675476 |
| [prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections]. | an opportunist infection (oi) is understood to be an infection produced by microorganisms that invade a host with impaired immune capacity, such as children with hiv infection. the adequate treatment and chemoprophylaxis of these infections has improved the prognosis of their evolution, although they still present a high morbidity and mortality when they occur. in this sense, the introduction of triple therapy (new antiretroviral inhibitors and protease inhibitors) is likely to produce a prompt ... | 1998 | 9675398 |
| validation of the modified multisystem organ failure score as a predictor of mortality in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure. | to validate a previously developed multisystem organ failure (msof) score with and without the addition of the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) level as a predictor of survival to hospital discharge in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and acute respiratory failure (arf). | 1998 | 9674470 |
| risk factors and outcomes associated with identification of aspergillus in respiratory specimens from persons with hiv disease. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | to examine the significance of previously suggested risk factors and assess outcomes associated with aspergillus identification in respiratory specimens from hiv-seropositive individuals. | 1998 | 9674459 |
| cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytopenia in a filly with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | decreased proportion of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes in peripheral blood likely contributed to susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii in a foal. cytological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage was required for identification of the pathogen and serial flow-cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes documented transient low expression of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes. although immunodeficiency is uncommon, it must be included in the differential diagnosis for patients suffering from chroni ... | 1998 | 9673763 |
| wegener's granulomatosis: long-term follow-up of patients treated with pulse cyclophosphamide. | treatment with daily oral cyclophosphamide (cy) has improved survival in wegener's granulomatosis (wg), but is associated with severe and potentially lethal adverse effects. less toxic treatment regimens, such as pulse cy, have been used, but the effect has been questioned. we have treated 11 patients with wg with pulse cy (15 mg/kg initially every second week, gradually increasing the pulse interval). after 4.5 yr follow-up and a total of 501 pulses of cy, one patient died and eight patients (7 ... | 1998 | 9667621 |
| disease progression and survival following specific aids-defining conditions: a retrospective cohort study of 2048 hiv-infected persons in london. | to assess the impact of specific aids-defining conditions on survival in hiv-infected persons, with emphasis on the effect of tuberculosis. | 1998 | 9662196 |
| antigenic properties of recombinant glycosylated and nonglycosylated pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a polypeptides expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | since a continuous culture system is not yet available for the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii, obtaining suitable amounts of purified p. carinii antigens free of mammalian-host lung contaminants is difficult. hence, production of recombinant antigen possessing epitopes found in native p. carinii antigens is critical for immunological studies. we utilized the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs) in insect cells to determine whether b-cell epitopes present in the protein ... | 1998 | 9658387 |
| [pulmonary emphysematous changes associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient]. | a 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of non-productive cough. he had worked in africa and received a blood transfusion after a traffic accident in 1985. on admission, the patient had remarkable hypoxemia and a decreased cd4+ lymphocyte count. a serological test for human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv)-1 was positive. his chest radiographs showed diffuse reticular and linear opacities, and broncoalveolar lavage findings established a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumoni ... | 1998 | 9656678 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in breast cancer. | 1998 | 9653502 | |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii antigens by local antibody-secreting cells following resolution of p. carinii pneumonia in mice. | to examine the repertoire of pneumocystis carinii antigens recognized by antibody-secreting b cells from tracheobronchial lymph nodes isolated immediately following recovery from p. carinii pneumonia, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced from these cells. in contrast to previous studies of systemic immunity, p. carinii gpa was not the immunodominant antigen recognized by these b cells. forty-nine (91%) of 54 p. carinii-specific hybridoma culture supernatants reacted with p. carinii antigen ... | 1998 | 9652446 |
| trends in aids-related opportunistic infections among men who have sex with men and among injecting drug users, 1991-1996. | incidence trends for the 13 most frequent aids-defining opportunistic infections (ois) among men who have sex with men (msm, n = 15,588) and injecting drug users (idus, n = 4475) were examined using data abstracted from medical records in >90 hospitals and clinics in nine us cities during 1991-1996. among msm, the most frequent ois were mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis; decreasing (p < or = .05) trends occurred f ... | 1998 | 9652430 |
| diagnostic use of pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii in oral wash samples. | there is a need to develop noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients unable to undergo bronchoscopy or induction sputum. oral wash specimens are easily obtained, and p. carinii nucleic acid can be amplified and demonstrated by pcr. in routine clinical use, easy sample processing and single-round pcr are needed to ensure rapid analysis and to reduce the risk of contamination. we developed a single-round touchdown pcr (td-pcr) protocol with the ability to ... | 1998 | 9650964 |
| pneumocystis carinii induces interleukin 6 production by an alveolar epithelial cell line. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection often results in severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. attachment of pc organisms to alveolar epithelial cells is a hallmark of pc pneumonia; however, few studies have investigated the response of alveolar epithelial cells to pc infection. | 1998 | 9650017 |
| antisense binding enhanced by tertiary interactions: binding of phosphorothioate and n3'-->p5' phosphoramidate hexanucleotides to the catalytic core of a group i ribozyme from the mammalian pathogen pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is the most common lethal opportunistic pathogen infecting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients, and more effective therapeutics for it are needed. p. carinii, but not humans, contain rna self-splicing group i introns, so these functionally important rnas are potential anti-fungal targets. in vitro, d(atgact), which mimics the 3' end of the 5' exon of a conserved ribosomal rna group i intron from mouse-derived pneumocystis carinii binds to a ribozyme that is a ... | 1998 | 9649319 |
| [liver changes in aids. retrospective analysis of 227 autopsies of hiv-positive patients]. | in a retrospective study of a 12-year period (1981-1992) liver histology was analyzed in 227 autopsied patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. normal histology could only be documented in 29 patients (13%). in the majority of cases (56%) uncharacteristic changes were seen such as steatosis (34%), hemosiderosis (10%) or non-specific reactive hepatitis (7%). the finding of hepatic peliosis obtained in 4 patients was not associated with inflammatory liver changes, especially infect ... | 1998 | 9648144 |
| cushing's syndrome complicated by multiple opportunistic infections. | the case history of a 56-year-old man is described who suffered from severe adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth)-dependent cushing's syndrome. the clinical course was complicated by simultaneous infections with pneumocystis carinii, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus and herpes simplex, which proved to be fatal. a study of the literature shows that opportunistic infections in endogenous cushing's syndrome are associated with severe cortisol excess and carry a high mort ... | 1998 | 9648056 |
| susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii in mice is dependent on simultaneous deletion of ifn-gamma and type 1 and 2 tnf receptor genes. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients, particularly hiv-infected individuals. an improved understanding of pulmonary host response, including the cytokines required for defense, could suggest novel immunotherapeutic approaches to this infection. the cytokines ifn-gamma and tnf have contributory roles in host defense against p. carinii, but their combined and interactive importance is unclear. to test the roles of these cytoki ... | 1998 | 9647244 |
| [thyroiditis caused by pneumocystis carinii in a patient with hiv infection]. | 1998 | 9646573 | |
| saquinavir enhances the mucosal toxicity of infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide in patients with hiv-associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma. | protease inhibitors are an important new class of agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the purpose of our trial was to determine the feasibility of combining the protease inhibitor saquinavir with a 96-hour continuous intravenous infusion of cyclophosphamide (800 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2, and etoposide (240 mg/m2) (cde) plus filgrastim in patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with hiv infection. the effect of saquinavir on cde-induced myelosupp ... | 1998 | 9643531 |
| [prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv-infected adults]. | opportunistic infections have a major influence on morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected individuals. prophylactic measures have to be introduced for each patient, corresponding to the stage of disease measured by cd4-lymphocyte count. they consist of exposure prophylaxis, vaccinations and especially chemoprophylaxis with antimicrobials. some live vaccines are contraindicated in hiv infected patients. pneumococcal vaccine for every patient and specific primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis ... | 1998 | 9643128 |
| hospital service interventions and improving survival of aids patients st mary's hospital, london, 1982-1991. | the relationship between changes in hospital service interventions at st mary's hospital, london, reduced case fatality for patients with their first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and improved survival from diagnosis of aids was investigated for the period 1982-1991. multivariate logistic regression models identified factors independently associated with episode survival; for those patients who survived their first episode of pcp, survival from time of diagnosis of aids was ana ... | 1998 | 9639206 |
| [coexistence of pneumocystis carinii infection with pertussis]. | 1995 | 9638207 | |
| [acute myelogenous leukemia with hyperkalemia induced by pentamidine administration]. | a 27-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-bmt). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed on day 65 after the allo-bmt. the patient was intravenously treated with pentamidine. this resulted in a prompt improvement of his dyspnea and fever, but hyperkalemia occurred during the pentamidine therapy. treatment with pentamidine was stopped and emergent treatment was started. nevertheless, the serum potassium level rose to 7.7 meq/l. urg ... | 1998 | 9637892 |
| the effect of heterogeneous hyperimmune igg antibody on prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infection in rats. | immunotherapy has been used in support of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the present study investigated the therapeutic or preventive effects of heterogeneous hyperimmune igg antibody (hia) in experimental rats. their immunity was suppressed by steroid injection, and they were also injected peritoneally with hia which reacted with 40-55, 92, 116, and 200 kda bands of the crude antigen. all rats were infected by p. carinii and the cystic forms on lung ... | 1998 | 9637830 |
| adherence to antiretroviral and pneumocystis prophylaxis in hiv disease. | medication nonadherence in the treatment of chronic diseases compromises the effectiveness of therapy. little information is available about the extent of medication adherence or determinants of medication adherence in hiv disease, an issue of increasing importance in this new therapeutic era of combination antiretroviral therapy. | 1998 | 9637576 |
| altered natural history of aids-related opportunistic infections in the era of potent combination antiretroviral therapy. | since potent hiv protease inhibitor drugs became widely available in early 1996, many hiv clinical specialists have noted a marked decrease in the occurrence of aids-related opportunistic infections, and some specialists have reported unusual clinical presentations and manifestations of previously common opportunistic infections. in this article, we will review (1) the available data regarding recent trends in aids-related opportunistic infections incidence and manifestations, (2) clinical and i ... | 1998 | 9632998 |
| immunization with pneumocystis carinii gpa is immunogenic but not protective in a mouse model of p. carinii pneumonia. | immunization with whole pneumocystis carinii has been shown to protect mice from the development of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) when they are subsequently immunosuppressed and challenged with viable organisms. to determine whether these results could be duplicated by using a subunit vaccine, we examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of an immunization strategy based on p. carinii gpa. this antigen was chosen for study because passive immunoprophylaxis, based on gpa, has been shown to be partial ... | 1998 | 9632583 |
| a comparison of induced and expectorated sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare the sensitivities of expectorated and induced sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9631793 |
| the diagnostic strategy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: is doing less better than doing more? | 1998 | 9631775 | |
| clinical predictors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients. | clinicians are frequently faced with the differential diagnosis between pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients. | 1998 | 9631142 |
| pneumocystis carinii mutations associated with sulfa and sulfone prophylaxis failures in aids patients. | failures of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients do occur, but no evidence for drug resistance has yet been presented. | 1998 | 9631140 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with cotrimoxazole 18 mg/kg. | 1998 | 9629887 | |
| [presence of pneumocystis carinii in cerebrospinal fluid]. | pneumocistis carinii is a ubiquitous protozoan present in mammals which frequently causes pulmonary problems in immunodeficient patients, especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. given its particular affinity with the lung area, it is rarely present in other tissues. it has on occasions been detected in the liver, spleen and lymphatic ganglia, external auditory canal, skin and to a lesser extent, other organs. it is extremely rare that the pathogen in question produces ex ... | 1998 | 9629775 |
| cell wall antigens of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites and cysts: purification and carbohydrate analysis of these glycoproteins. | we have purified and biochemically analyzed individual cell wall glycoproteins of pneumocystis carinii. our results show that corresponding core glycoproteins constitute the cell wall antigens in both trophozoites and cysts, and glycosylation of these glycoproteins does not appear to be significantly altered during development. cysts and trophozoites in rat-derived organism preparations were separated from each other by counterflow centrifugal elutriation, then treated with zymolyase to obtain t ... | 1998 | 9627993 |
| zymolyase treatment exposes p55 antigen of pneumocystis carinii. | rats exposed to pneumocystis carinii mount antibody responses to a broad band migrating on western blot with an apparent molecular weight of 45-55 kda. one antigen within this band, designated p55, is uniformly recognized by p. carinii exposed rats. although the gene encoding the p55 antigen had been previously cloned, the location of this antigen within the organism was unknown. prior attempts to localize the protein were unsuccessful. a monospecific polyclonal antiserum raised against a carbox ... | 1998 | 9627988 |
| quantitation of absolute pneumocystis carinii nuclear dna content. trophic and cystic forms isolated from infected rat lungs are haploid organisms. | the pneumocystis carinii carinii dna content in nuclei of trophic forms and cysts (spore cases) containing 2, 4, or 8 intracystic bodies, were compared using quantitative fluorescence image analysis. the nuclear dna content was found to be lower than the theoretical limits of feulgen cytophotometry. several fluorescent dna dyes provide brighter staining, but these techniques suffer from nonspecific binding to other cellular components, such as rna. it was demonstrated that the thick glycocalyx s ... | 1998 | 9627984 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of a series of sulfa drugs as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase. | sulfone and sulfanilamide sulfa drugs have been shown to inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) isolated from pneumocystis carinii. in order to develop a pharmacophoric model for this inhibition, quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) for sulfa drugs active against dhps have been studied. accurate 50% inhibitory concentrations were collected for 44 analogs, and other parameters, such as partition coefficients and molar refractivity, were calculated. conventional multiple regress ... | 1998 | 9624493 |
| phase i safety and pharmacokinetics study of micronized atovaquone in human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children. pediatric aids clinical trials group. | a phase i dose-escalating safety and pharmacokinetic study evaluated an oral suspension of micronized atovaquone (m-atovaquone) in infants and children stratified into age groups from 1 month to 12 years of age. dosages of 10, 30, and 45 mg/kg of body weight/day were evaluated as single daily doses over a period of 12 days. steady-state concentrations in plasma were determined on day 12, and single postdose concentrations were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 18, 21, and 24. prior studies ... | 1998 | 9624466 |
| treatment of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9624465 | |
| possible recurrence of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in a single lung transplant recipient. | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) is a disorder with a very poor prognosis for patients who do not respond to therapy with corticosteroids alone or in combination with immunosuppressive drugs, e.g. cyclophosphamide or azathioprine. for patients with end-stage disease, lung transplantation remains the only possibility for long-term survival. we describe a patient who received a left single lung transplant for end-stage desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. one year ... | 1998 | 9623705 |
| alcohol decreases t-lymphocyte migration into lung tissue in response to pneumocystis carinii and depletes t-lymphocyte numbers in the spleens of mice. | previous work from our laboratory has shown that chronic alcohol consumption in mice creates immunosuppression sufficient to permit infection with the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii. host defense against p. carinii is critically dependent upon host t lymphocytes. in these experiments, we address the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on recruitment of t lymphocytes into infected lung tissue and on lymphocytes in host lymphoid tissue. we find that mice administered alcohol in drin ... | 1998 | 9622447 |
| transbronchial needle aspiration (tbna) in patients infected with hiv. | transbronchial needle aspiration (tbna) of intrathoracic lymph nodes has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. with the exception of sarcoidosis, the usefulness of tbna has not been widely investigated in other clinical settings. we investigated the utility of tbna with a 19-gauge histology needle in hiv-infected patients with mediastinal and hilar adenopathy at bellevue hospital center. we performed 44 procedures in 41 patients. adequate lymph node samp ... | 1998 | 9620927 |
| failure of co-trimoxazole in pneumocystis carinii infection and mutations in dihydropteroate synthase gene. | 1998 | 9620722 | |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis gene sequences in filtered air in hospital environments. | to evaluate the risk of a nosocomial spread of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis (p. carinii hominis), air filter samples from rooms of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) patients, adjacent corridors, and other hospital environments have been investigated for the presence of p. carinii hominis. amplified dna from air filters and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the pcp patients have been genotyped with the p. carinii hominis genes of the mitochondrial large-subunit (mtlsu) rrna and the in ... | 1998 | 9620410 |
| co-trimoxazole administered for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis does not interfere with saquinavir pharmacokinetics. | 1998 | 9619815 | |
| surfactant protein-a reduces binding and phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii by human alveolar macrophages in vitro. | surfactant protein-a (sp-a) levels are increased in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but the role of sp-a in the pathogenesis of p. carinii pneumonia is not completely understood. this study investigated the effect of sp-a on the in vitro binding and phagocytosis of p. carinii by normal human alveolar macrophages (am). determination of binding and phagocytosis was done with a fluorescence-based assay, utilizing fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled p. carinii. binding and phagocytosis of p. c ... | 1998 | 9618388 |
| kl-6 as a serologic indicator of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. | kl-6, a serum marker for interstitial pneumonitis, was evaluated in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). patient 1 was a 56-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis treated with immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids. patient 2 was a 59-year-old man with a glioblastoma who received anti-cancer drugs and corticosteroids. in both patients, serum kl-6 showed an abnormally high level due to the complication of pcp, and it decreased following successful treatment. these results in ... | 1998 | 9617869 |
| sulfa hypersensitivity in patients with hiv infection: onset, treatment, critical review of the literature. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is the most effective medication used in both the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv/aids. its use, however, is accompanied by a high incidence of adverse reactions, especially fever, myalgia and rash (sulfa hypersensitivity). in a group of our patients, we have examined the clinical parameters at the time of onset of sulfa hypersensitivity, and the success of a desensitization protocol for this adverse event. we al ... | 1998 | 9617304 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and early clinical manifestations of severe perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. northern california pediatric hiv consortium. | some children with perinatal hiv infection develop early progression to severe symptoms (category c) within the first 4 years of life. prophylactic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) may affect progression by decreasing the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9613653 |
| [spontaneous pneumothorax associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection]. | spontaneous pneumothorax is a relatively frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. seven hundred sixty-five hiv-infected inpatients were treated at marques de valdecilla university hospital between 1990 and 1996. spontaneous pneumothorax developed in 9 patients. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 6 patients (66%), either before or simultaneous to the appearance of pneumothorax. pneumothorax was related to active or old tuberculosis infection in 3 patient ... | 1998 | 9611652 |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii antigen on its surface by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. | the aim of this study was to detect the surface antigens in different stages of experimental induced pneumocystis carinii in sprague-dawley rats. immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal (900, 902 and 904) and polyclonal (sp-d) antibodies demonstrated that the p. carinii organisms were mostly in the alveolar lumina. the binding sites of the monoclonal (900, 902 and 904) and polyclonal (sp-d) antibodies developed against p. carinii were examined at the ultrastructural level by using a post-em ... | 1998 | 9610612 |
| dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. | to report a case of methemoglobinemia in a patient receiving dapsone for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9606476 |
| an unusual aural presentation of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9598753 | |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection: autopsy findings. | to describe the pulmonary complications in patients with hiv infection, and the changes in the incidence of these complications over a 12-year period. | 1998 | 9596298 |
| use of adjunctive corticosteroids in severe adult non-hiv pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to examine the use of adjunctive corticosteroids in cases of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in non-hiv-infected adult patients. | 1998 | 9596297 |
| surfactant changes during experimental pneumocystosis are related to pneumocystis development. | pneumocystosis-related surfactant changes have been reported in both humans and corticosteroid-treated experimental hosts. as corticosteroids induce an increase in pulmonary surfactant, some findings could be considered as controversial. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the surfactant composition changes during experimental pneumocystosis were related to the pneumocystis development. in this work two corticosteroid-untreated animal models were used: rabbits, which develop spontan ... | 1998 | 9596099 |
| advances in studies on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in china. | 1997 | 9594270 | |
| weight loss as a predictor of survival and disease progression in hiv infection. terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids. | severe weight loss in hiv is associated with decreased length of survival. it is unclear whether mild weight loss is associated with an increased risk of death or opportunistic complications of hiv. participants in four interventional studies (n = 2382) conducted by a community-based clinical trials network were evaluated for percentage change in weight during their first 4 months in the study. proportional hazards models were performed for the occurrence of opportunistic complications and death ... | 1998 | 9593462 |
| ocular opportunistic infection incidences among patients who are hiv positive compared to patients who are hiv negative. | the purpose of the study was to examine the incidence of ocular opportunistic infections among patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive compared to patients who are hiv negative. | 1998 | 9593394 |
| drug evaluation of concurrent pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium complex infections in a rat model. | we present a new experimental model for the simultaneous evaluation of the activities of drugs against pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium complex infections. rats latently infected with p. carinii were challenged with the mo-1 strain of m. avium and then immunosuppressed with corticosteroids for 7 weeks. at week 5 the rh strain of t. gondii was intraperitoneally injected. organs were examined for the three pathogens after death or killing of the animals at week 7. w ... | 1998 | 9593128 |
| prevention of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9593116 | |
| septic shock from mycobacterium tuberculosis after therapy for pneumocystis carinii. | septic shock resulting from mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) occurs only rarely, even among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. we report a case of fulminant tb sepsis in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection. this case illustrates the hazards of corticosteroid use as a part of empirical treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, as well as the unique appearance of tb on chest x-ray films. | 1998 | 9588437 |
| in utero transmission of pneumocystis carinii sp. f. oryctolagi. | although vertical transmission of pneumocystis in human or animal hosts has often been suspected, no evidence demonstrating this infection route has been furnished until now. this widespread parasite is constantly found in the lungs of rabbits, which spontaneously develop a benign pneumocystosis at weaning. however, the infection source, the method of entry of pneumocystis organisms into the rabbit and when this mammal is infected, remain to be known. as a few parasites have been microscopically ... | 1997 | 9587600 |
| the western australian hiv cohort study, perth, australia. | the efficacy of primary prophylactic treatment for opportunistic infections can be estimated in an observational cohort study by adjusting for clinical and laboratory markers of the immunodeficiency (e.g., oral candidiasis, cd4%, lymphocyte cell counts) as time-dependent co-variates (providing that the treatment does not directly alter the markers). however, the cd4 cell count provides an incomplete measure of the protective immune response, and the efficacy of treatment may be underestimated if ... | 1998 | 9586648 |
| host defense to pneumocystis carinii: the missing pieces in the jigsaw. | 1998 | 9582932 | |
| the safety of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the medical records of 157 patients taking pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis were reviewed for assessment of safety and tolerance. 11 patients had experienced side effects, 7 (1 each: neutropenia, stevens-johnson, hepatic abnormalities; 2 each: subjective and hypersensitivity reactions) leading to a discontinuation of the drugs. | 1997 | 9580544 |
| [impact of zidovudine treatment and the pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in natural history of patients with hiv infection]. | early use of prophylactic regimens against pneumocystis carinii and zidovudine therapy, may have modified the natural history of patients with hiv-1 infection. we describe the incidence of opportunistic infections and analize the mortality rate in those patients to check the occurrence of any change in the above mentioned natural history. | 1998 | 9580410 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient whose primary cerebral tumor was treated with steroids]. | 1997 | 9580297 | |
| [intestinal obstruction and necrotizing thyroiditis secondary to pneumocystis carinii infection in a seropositive hemophiliac patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus]. | we report a case of bowel infection by pneumocystis carinii (pc) that presented as an acute obstruction accompanied by intestinal hemorrhage (melena) in a hiv seropositive hemophilic patient. laparotomy followed by resection of two plaque-like jejunal tumors was performed, and intravenous therapy with pentamidine was initiated. no other organ was found to be affected by pc (not even the lung), with the exception of the thyroid gland. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which acu ... | 1998 | 9580151 |
| molecular microbiology of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9580034 | |
| experimental evaluation of roxithromycin combined with dapsone or sulphamethoxazole on pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dual infections in a rat model. | we have developed a dual infection model in immunosuppressed rats for evaluating drugs against pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, two important opportunistic pathogens in patients with aids. using this model, we reported that the macrolide roxithromycin was effective at a daily dose of 400 mg/kg in preventing the development of t. gondii infection but did not have a prophylactic effect against p. carinii in the same rats. a lower dose (200 mg/kg/day) had only marginal effects. extending ... | 1998 | 9579714 |
| a comparison of the pattern of interstitial pneumonitis following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation before and after the introduction of prophylactic ganciclovir therapy in 1989. | a comparison was made of the pattern of interstitial pneumonitis (ip) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation before and after the introduction of ganciclovir prophylaxis to minimize the risk of cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease in the st vincent's hospital bone marrow transplant program in 1989. a total of 456 recipients of allogeneic transplants were included. 280 received no prophylactic ganciclovir while 176 received prophylactic ganciclovir. the overall incidence of interstitial pneumo ... | 1998 | 9578309 |