Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among common respiratory tract pathogens: a global perspective. | antimicrobial resistance by common respiratory tract pathogens remains a global concern, but surveillance programs allow us to recognize trends in susceptibility that may help guide empiric antimicrobial selection. during 2003 to 2004, the global landscape on the bactericidal activity of levofloxacin (global) surveillance program collected 9323 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, 5828 isolates of haemophilus influenzae, and 1878 isolates of moraxella catarrhalis from 15 countries worldwide, an ... | 2008 | 18931467 |
| tracking resistance among bacterial respiratory tract pathogens: summary of findings of the trust surveillance initiative, 2001-2005. | antimicrobial resistance observed among common respiratory tract pathogens--streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis--may complicate empiric therapeutic selection to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections. the tracking resistance in the united states today (trust) study determined the in vitro activities of frequently prescribed antimicrobial agents against isolates collected from all 50 states from 2001 to 2005. for s pneumoniae (n = 27,781), su ... | 2008 | 18931466 |
| moraxella catarrhalis m35 is a general porin that is important for growth under nutrient-limiting conditions and in the nasopharynges of mice. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative respiratory pathogen that is an important causative agent for otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. we have previously predicted the outer membrane protein m35 to be a general porin, and in the current study, we have investigated the function of m35 and its importance for survival of m. catarrhalis in vivo. lipid bilayer experiments reveal that refolded m35 functions as a channel that is typical of gram-negative bacteria ... | 2008 | 18931134 |
| hospital-acquired phaeohyphomycosis due to exserohilum rostratum in a child with leukemia. | the present study describes a case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by exserohilum rostratum in a child undergoing treatment for leukemia. the infection was possibly due to contaminated intravenous dressings and was successfully treated with surgical excision combined with liposomal amphotericin b. consequently, new infection control policies have been implemented at chu sainte-justine (montreal, quebec). | 2007 | 18923719 |
| bacteriology in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients admitted to hospital. | we investigated the bacterial flora and antimicrobial sensitivity in sputum from patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) in order to recommend the best empirical treatment for these patients. the survey was a retrospective study of all patients admitted to hvidovre hospital with the diagnosis aecopd during 2004. a total of 118 patients were included. microscopy, culture and sensitivity testing investigated their sputums. clinical an ... | 2009 | 18855228 |
| animal models of streptococcus pneumoniae disease. | summary: streptococcus pneumoniae is a colonizer of human nasopharynx, but it is also an important pathogen responsible for high morbidity, high mortality, numerous disabilities, and high health costs throughout the world. major diseases caused by s. pneumoniae are otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines, pneumococcal infections still have high mortality rates, especially in risk groups. for this reason, there is an exceptionally exte ... | 2008 | 18854486 |
| long-term, low-dose azithromycin treatment reduces the incidence but increases macrolide resistance in staphylococcus aureus in danish cf patients. | since 2001, long-term, low-dose azithromycin treatment has been used for cf patients chronically infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa in the copenhagen cf centre. our study investigates changes in incidence of colonization with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis and changes in macrolide sensitivity in these microorganisms during azithromycin treatment. | 2009 | 18849202 |
| mucosal vaccination against bacterial respiratory infections. | mucosal vaccination offers attractive advantages to conventional systemic vaccination, such as higher levels of antibodies and protection at the airway surface. this review gives an overview of recent experimental and clinical data on nasal, oral and sublingual vaccines against bacterial respiratory pathogens, such as streptococcus pneumoniae , haemophilus influenzae , neisseria meningitidis , moraxella catarrhalis , bordetella pertussis , pseudomonas aeruginosa and mycobacterium tuberculosis . ... | 2008 | 18844598 |
| cross-reaction of stenotrophomonas and xanthomonas species in a 23s rrna gene-directed pcr for detection of s. maltophilia. | 2008 | 18842940 | |
| lysozyme m deficiency leads to an increased susceptibility to streptococcus pneumoniae-induced otitis media. | lysozyme is an antimicrobial innate immune molecule degrading peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. lysozyme shows the ubiquitous expression in wide varieties of species and tissues including the tubotympanum of mammals. we aim to investigate the effects of lysozyme depletion on pneumococcal clearance from the middle ear cavity. | 2008 | 18842154 |
| characterization of biofilm matrix, degradation by dnase treatment and evidence of capsule downregulation in streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates. | streptococcus pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen and a major causative agent of respiratory infections, including otitis media (om). pneumococcal biofilms have been demonstrated on biopsies of the middle ear mucosa in children receiving tympanostomy tubes, supporting the hypothesis that chronic om may involve biofilm development by pathogenic bacteria as part of the infectious process. to better understand pneumococcal biofilm formation six low-passage encapsulated nasopharyngeal isolat ... | 2008 | 18842140 |
| multilocus sequence typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of otitis media causing pathogens. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the three leading bacteria species associated with otitis media. defining the molecular epidemiology of bacteria known to cause otitis media is of great importance, in both clinical and research settings. pfge and mlst provide data for the characterization of isolates' genetic relatedness, yet they differ in the types of studies for which they are most useful. consequently, knowledge of both techniques is important f ... | 2009 | 18839348 |
| ceacam1 inhibits toll-like receptor 2-triggered antibacterial responses of human pulmonary epithelial cells. | although moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria meningitidis are important human pathogens, they often colonize the human respiratory tract without causing overt clinical symptoms. both pathogens express structurally unrelated proteins that share the ability to stimulate the adhesion molecule ceacam1 expressed on human cells. here we demonstrate that the interaction of ceacam1 with ubiquitous surface protein a1 expressed on m. catarrhalis or with opacity-associated proteins on n. meningitidis resul ... | 2008 | 18836450 |
| susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from hospitalised patients with respiratory tract infections (moxiaktiv study). | the objective of this study was to determine: (i) the prevalence of resistance in current clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and klebsiella pneumoniae; (ii) the prevalence of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and methicillin resistance in s. aureus; and (iii) regional differences in the prevalence of esbl production and clonality of k. pneumoniae isolates. pathogens causing respiratory tract in ... | 2009 | 18835763 |
| binding of complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein contributes to serum resistance of porphyromonas gingivalis. | the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis is highly resistant to the bactericidal activity of human complement, which is present in the gingival crevicular fluid at 70% of serum concentration. all thirteen clinical and laboratory p. gingivalis strains tested were able to capture the human complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein (c4bp), which may contribute to their serum resistance. accordingly, in serum deficient of c4bp, it was found that significantly more terminal complement compone ... | 2008 | 18832711 |
| microbial interactions during upper respiratory tract infections. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus often colonize the nasopharynx. children are susceptible to bacterial infections during or soon after upper respiratory tract infection (uri). we describe colonization with these 4 bacteria species alone or in combination during uri. data were from a prospective cohort of healthy children 6 to 36 months of age followed up for 1 year. analyses of 968 swabs from 212 children indicated that s. pneumon ... | 2008 | 18826823 |
| identification of a repressor of a truncated denitrification pathway in moraxella catarrhalis. | growth of moraxella catarrhalis in a biofilm resulted in marked upregulation of two open reading frames (orfs), ania and norb, predicted to encode a nitrite reductase and a nitric oxide reductase, respectively (w. wang, l. reitzer, d. a. rasko, m. m. pearson, r. j. blick, c. laurence, and e. j. hansen, infect. immun. 75:4959-4971, 2007). an orf designated nsrr, which was located between ania and norb, was shown to encode a predicted transcriptional regulator. inactivation of nsrr resulted in inc ... | 2008 | 18820017 |
| non-susceptibility trends among haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the uk and ireland, 1999-2007. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the uk and ireland from 1999/2000 to 2006/07. | 2008 | 18819984 |
| the british society for antimicrobial chemotherapy resistance surveillance project: a successful collaborative model. | the british society for antimicrobial chemotherapy (bsac) resistance surveillance project was initiated in light of the need for uk-wide surveillance of antibacterial resistance in key clinical pathogens. the project comprises two defined-protocol programmes that cover a range of important pathogens and antibacterials related to community-acquired respiratory tract infection and bloodstream infection, respectively. the respiratory programme has reported quantitative susceptibility data for strep ... | 2008 | 18819978 |
| [pk/pd breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of cefcapene pivoxil fine granules for children at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection]. | a post-marketing clinical study was previously conducted in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of cefcapene pivoxil (cfpn-pi) fine granules for children. based on the results from this study, we evaluated pk/pd breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of cfpn-pi at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to determine an effective and safe dosage regimen of cfpn-pi. the following results wer ... | 2008 | 18814800 |
| origin, spread and demography of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | the evolutionary timing and spread of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc), one of the most successful groups of bacterial pathogens, remains largely unknown. here, using mycobacterial tandem repeat sequences as genetic markers, we show that the mtbc consists of two independent clades, one composed exclusively of m. tuberculosis lineages from humans and the other composed of both animal and human isolates. the latter also likely derived from a human pathogenic lineage, supporting the hy ... | 2008 | 18802459 |
| identification of two late acyltransferase genes responsible for lipid a biosynthesis in moraxella catarrhalis. | lipid a is a biological component of the lipo-oligosaccharide of a human pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis. no other acyltransferases except for udp-glcnac acyltransferase, responsible for lipid a biosynthesis in m. catarrhalis, have been identified. by bioinformatics, two late acyltransferase genes, lpxx and lpxl, responsible for lipid a biosynthesis were identified, and knockout mutants of each gene in m. catarrhalis strain o35e were constructed and named o35elpxx and o35elpxl. structural analys ... | 2008 | 18795947 |
| diminished icam-1 expression and impaired pulmonary clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. | the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are continually colonized with bacterial opportunists like nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), and a wealth of evidence indicates that changes in bacterial populations within the lung can influence the severity of copd. in this study, we used a murine model for copd/emphysema to test the hypothesis that copd affects pulmonary clearance. mice were treated with a pulmonary bolus of elastase, and as reported previously ... | 2008 | 18794286 |
| clinical studies of garenoxacin. | garenoxacin mesylate hydrate (grn) is a novel oral des-fluoro(6) quinolone with potent antimicrobial activity against common respiratory pathogens, including resistant strains. it has favourable pharmacokinetic profiles for maximum plasma concentration (cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (auc), with good penetration into sputum and otorhinolaryngological tissues. in clinical studies, the efficacy of grn ranged from 92% to 96% in patients with bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma ... | 2008 | 18790608 |
| nosocomial transmission clusters and risk factors in moraxella catarrhalis. | we report an objective examination of nosocomial transmission events derived from long-term (10-year) data from a single medical centre. cluster analysis, based on the temporal proximity of genetically identical isolates of the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis, identified 40 transmission events involving 33 of the 52 genotypes represented by multiple isolates. there was no evidence of highly transmissible or outbreak-prone genotypes. although most clusters were small (mean size 3.6 iso ... | 2009 | 18789178 |
| rhinovirus disrupts the barrier function of polarized airway epithelial cells. | secondary bacterial infection following rhinovirus (rv) infection has been recognized in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2008 | 18787220 |
| shea/apic guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility. | 2008 | 18786461 | |
| plastic polymers for efficient dna microarray hybridization: application to microbiological diagnostics. | fabrication of microarray devices using traditional glass slides is not easily adaptable to integration into microfluidic systems. there is thus a need for the development of polymeric materials showing a high hybridization signal-to-background ratio, enabling sensitive detection of microbial pathogens. we have developed such plastic supports suitable for highly sensitive dna microarray hybridizations. the proof of concept of this microarray technology was done through the detection of four huma ... | 2008 | 18784318 |
| yersinia enterocolitica serum resistance proteins yada and ail bind the complement regulator c4b-binding protein. | many pathogens are equipped with factors providing resistance against the bactericidal action of complement. yersinia enterocolitica, a gram-negative enteric pathogen with invasive properties, efficiently resists the deleterious action of human complement. the major y. enterocolitica serum resistance determinants include outer membrane proteins yada and ail. lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen (o-ag) and outer core (oc) do not contribute directly to complement resistance. the aim of this study wa ... | 2008 | 18769718 |
| analysis of mixed sequencing chromatograms and its application in direct 16s rrna gene sequencing of polymicrobial samples. | investigation of clinical samples by direct 16s rrna gene sequencing provides the possibility to detect nonviable bacteria and bacteria with special growth requirements. this approach has been particularly valuable for the diagnosis of patients who have received antibiotics prior to sample collection. in specimens containing more than one bacterium, direct sequencing gives mixed chromatograms that complicate further interpretation. we designed an algorithm able to analyze these ambiguous chromat ... | 2008 | 18768654 |
| shea/apic guideline: infection prevention and control in the long-term care facility, july 2008. | 2008 | 18767983 | |
| degradation of uniquely glycosylated secretory immunoglobulin a in tears from patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. | to investigate the integrity of secretory (s)-iga in tear fluid during bacterial keratitis and to evaluate the significance of specific pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular proteases in the observed degradation of s-iga. | 2008 | 18757515 |
| absent otoacoustic emissions predict otitis media in young aboriginal children: a birth cohort study in aboriginal and non-aboriginal children in an arid zone of western australia. | otitis media (om) is the most common paediatric illness for which antibiotics are prescribed. in australian aboriginal children om is frequently asymptomatic and starts at a younger age, is more common and more likely to result in hearing loss than in non-aboriginal children. absent transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (teoaes) may predict subsequent risk of om. | 2008 | 18755038 |
| the guinea pig as a model of infectious diseases. | the words 'guinea pig' are synonymous with scientific experimentation, but much less is known about this species than many other laboratory animals. this animal model has been used for approximately 200 y and was the first to be used in the study of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and diphtheria. today the guinea pig is used as a model for a number of infectious bacterial diseases, including pulmonary, sexually transmitted, ocular and aural, gastrointestinal, and other infections that t ... | 2008 | 18724774 |
| genomic diversity within the enterobacter cloacae complex. | isolates of the enterobacter cloacae complex have been increasingly isolated as nosocomial pathogens, but phenotypic identification of the e. cloacae complex is unreliable and irreproducible. identification of species based on currently available genotyping tools is already superior to phenotypic identification, but the taxonomy of isolates belonging to this complex is cumbersome. | 2008 | 18716657 |
| predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. | despite the availability of published data on 4 pandemics that have occurred over the past 120 years, there is little modern information on the causes of death associated with influenza pandemics. | 2008 | 18710327 |
| the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy. part 1: a general view of antibacterial susceptibility. | the japanese society of chemotherapy (jsc) conducted the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens during the period from january to august 2006. with the cooperation of 32 medical institutions throughout japan, a total of 924 strains belonging to seven clinically relevant bacterial species were collected from adult patients with well-diagnosed respiratory tract infections (rtis). antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the 887 evaluable strains (205 staphylococcus aureus, ... | 2008 | 18709531 |
| hospital acquired pneumonia with high-risk bacteria is associated with increased pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase activity. | neutrophil products like matrix metalloproteinases (mmp), involved in bacterial defence mechanisms, possibly induce lung damage and are elevated locally during hospital- acquired pneumonia (hap). in hap the virulence of bacterial species is known to be different. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high-risk bacteria like s. aureus and pseudomonas species on pulmonary mmp concentration in human pneumonia. | 2008 | 18700005 |
| acute otitis media in children with tympanostomy tubes. | to review evidence regarding antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children with tympanostomy tubes and to discuss antibiotic resistance and ototoxicity. | 2008 | 18697973 |
| structure of the head of the bartonella adhesin bada. | trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas) are a major class of proteins by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. prominent examples include yersinia yada, haemophilus hia and hsf, moraxella uspa1 and a2, and neisseria nada. taas also occur in symbiotic and environmental species and presumably represent a general solution to the problem of adhesion in proteobacteria. the general structure of taas follows a head-stalk-anchor architecture, where the heads are the primary mediators o ... | 2008 | 18688279 |
| evaluation of the xpert methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) assay using the genexpert real-time pcr platform for rapid detection of mrsa from screening specimens. | the need for rapid methods to accurately detect methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is widely acknowledged, and a number of molecular assays are commercially available. this study evaluated the xpert mrsa assay, which is run on the genexpert real-time pcr platform (cepheid) for use in a clinical laboratory. the following parameters were investigated: (i) the limits of detection (lods) for four mrsa strains; (ii) the ability to detect isolates of mrsa from a collection representati ... | 2008 | 18685003 |
| molecular detection of multiple emerging pathogens in sputa from cystic fibrosis patients. | there is strong evidence that culture-based methods detect only a small proportion of bacteria present in the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. | 2008 | 18682840 |
| modular arrangement of allelic variants explains the divergence in moraxella catarrhalis uspa protein function. | ubiquitous surface protein a molecules (uspas) of moraxella catarrhalis are large, nonfimbrial, autotransporter proteins that can be visualized as a "fuzzy" layer on the bacterial surface by transmission electron microscopy. previous studies attributed a wide array of functions and binding activities to the closely related uspa1, uspa2, and/or uspa2h protein, yet the molecular and phylogenetic relationships among these activities remain largely unexplored. to address this issue, we determined th ... | 2008 | 18678659 |
| two-partner secretion systems of neisseria meningitidis associated with invasive clonal complexes. | the two-partner secretion (tps) pathway is widespread among gram-negative bacteria and facilitates the secretion of very large and often virulence-related proteins. tps systems consist of a secreted tpsa protein and a tpsb protein involved in tpsa transport across the outer membrane. sequenced neisseria meningitidis genomes contain up to five tpsa- and two tpsb-encoding genes. here, we investigated the distribution of tps-related open reading frames in a collection of disease isolates. three dis ... | 2008 | 18678657 |
| moraxella catarrhalis binding to host cellular receptors is mediated by sequence-specific determinants not conserved among all uspa1 protein variants. | the moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins (uspas) are autotransporter molecules reported to interact with a variety of different host proteins and to affect processes ranging from serum resistance to cellular adhesion. the role of uspa1 as an adhesin has been confirmed with a number of different human cell types and is mediated by binding to eukaryotic proteins including carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecules (ceacams), fibronectin, and laminin. a distinct diffe ... | 2008 | 18678656 |
| genetic requirement for pneumococcal ear infection. | ear infection or otitis media (om) accounts for most bacterial respiratory infections in children in both developed and developing nations. streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the major om pathogens. however, little is known about the genetic basis of bacterial om largely due to practical difficulties in conducting research in ear infection models and genetically manipulating clinical isolates. here, we report the first genome-scale in vivo ... | 2007 | 18670623 |
| cell penetrating peptide inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa b. | the nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) transcription factors are activated by a range of stimuli including pro-inflammatory cytokines. active nf-kappab regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cell survival and aberrant nf-kappab activity plays pathological roles in certain types of cancer and diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. nf-kappab signaling is an attractive target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer drugs and we discuss here how ... | 2008 | 18668204 |
| comparative in vitro activities of the investigational fluoroquinolone dc-159a and other antimicrobial agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 151 unique clinical isolates of mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma genitalium, and ureaplasma species to dc-159a, an investigational fluoroquinolone, in comparison with those to other agents were determined. macrolides were the most active agents against m. pneumoniae and m. genitalium, whereas clindamycin was most active against m. hominis. dc-159a mics were <or=0.5 microg/ml for all mycoplasma species and <or=4 microg/m ... | 2008 | 18663020 |
| antibacterial therapy of acute infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | this article reviews the role of antibiotic therapy in the management of patients with acute infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). papers relevant to the issue are included in the review. current antibiotic therapy of acute infectious exacerbation of copd is directed at the most common pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. mild to moderate exacerbations of copd are usually treated with broad-spectrum an ... | 2008 | 18633147 |
| in vitro profiling of ceftaroline against a collection of recent bacterial clinical isolates from across the united states. | this study evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftaroline, a novel cephalosporin with broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative and -positive pathogens, against 4,151 recent clinical isolates collected in the united states. ceftaroline was very potent against bacteria found in community- and hospital-acquired infections, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, and common enterobacteriaceae spp. | 2008 | 18625769 |
| membrane morphology and leukotoxin secretion are associated with a novel membrane protein of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. | gram-negative bacteria display either a flat or an irregular outer membrane. the periodontal pathogen aggregatibacter (actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans has an irregular outer membrane. we have identified a gene that is associated with the biogenesis of this morphology. the gene is part of a three-gene operon and codes for a 141-kda protein designated morphogenesis protein c (morc), which is conserved in several gram-negative bacteria including haemophilus influenzae and pasteurella multocid ... | 2008 | 18621903 |
| children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. | the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in children in the era of widespread heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccination (pcv7) is unknown. | 2008 | 18616437 |
| evaluation of three real-time pcr assays for detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in an outbreak investigation. | we compared the performances of three recently optimized real-time pcr assays derived from distinct genomic regions of mycoplasma pneumoniae during an outbreak. comprehensive evaluation established that a newly described toxin gene represents a superior target for detecting m. pneumoniae dna in clinical specimens, although use of multiple targets may increase testing confidence. | 2008 | 18614663 |
| comparative antimicrobial activity and post-antibiotic effect of azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin against some respiratory pathogens. | recent macrolide derivatives, roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin show more favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics in comparison to old ones and some differences in antibacterial activity. with the aim of improving our understanding of some aspects of their action against respiratory pathogens, we determined the mics and mbcs of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin was the most activ ... | 1996 | 18611754 |
| susceptibility surveillance of u.s. respiratory pathogen isolates to newer macrolide and azalide antibiotics. | azithromycin and clarithromycin are both highly active in vitro against gram-positive respiratory pathogens, but azithromycin is substantially more potent against haemophilus influenzae. we investigated the susceptibility of h. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and s. pyogenes to azithromycin and clarithromycin, and determined the prevalence of beta-lactamase production in h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis. results from three geographic regions of the usa were compared. ... | 1996 | 18611736 |
| azithromycin: the first of the tissue-selective azalides. | the azalide azithromycin, which is derived from erythromycin, contains a methyl-substituted nitrogen in the lactone ring. this 15-membered expanded lactone ring results in improved acid stability and oral bioavailability compared with erythromycin. azithromycin possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including enhanced activity compared with the macrolides against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in vitro activity of azithromycin ... | 1995 | 18611663 |
| cefuroxime axetil. | cefuroxime is the first commercially-available second-generation cephalosporine to be widely used in therapy; it is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin obtained from the 7-cephalosporanic acid nucleus of cephalosporin c. cefuroxime axetil is the acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime. the majority of micro-organisms associated with respiratory infections are highly sensitive to cefuroxime. these include haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and the other streptococci (exc ... | 1994 | 18611587 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns in korea. | recent in-vitro test results showed that in seoul (korea) aerobic gram-negative bacilli are often resistant to ampicillin and to the first-generation cephalosporins, but chloramphenicol-resistant salmonella typhi are extremely rare. almost all isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, 49% of neisseria gonorrhoeae and 31% of haemophilus influenzae were beta-lactamase producers. seventhy-two percent of pneumococci were penicillin g resistant and 62% of staphylococci were methicillin resista ... | 1993 | 18611562 |
| comparison of the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: results from a latin american multicenter study. | the aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin, a new difluornated quinolone, with those of amoxicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by gram-negative bacteria. the study was conducted as a multicenter, randomized, single-blind comparison in four countries (argentina, colombia, mexico and venezuela). in total, 163 evaluable patients were assessed-82 in the lomefloxacin group and 81 in the amoxicillin group. patients received or ... | 1992 | 18611519 |
| lomefloxacin versus amoxicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: results of multinational studies. | the results of two large, multicenter studies comparing the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin (400 mg administered orally once daily) and amoxicillin (500 mg administered orally three times daily) in adult patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused predominantly by gram-negative pathogens have been combined. the studies were both randomized and blinded. one study enrolled 127 patients in 12 centers in belgium; the second enrolled 510 patients in 52 centers in ten countries. ... | 1992 | 18611518 |
| cefetamet pivoxil: a review of its microbiology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy. | cefetamet pivoxil is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin whose broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile make it particularly suitable for the treatment of a wide range of infectious diseases. cefetamet has high in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause a number of respiratory tract and urinary tract infections. these include penicillin-sensitive streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus spp, haemophilus influenzae, ... | 1992 | 18611503 |
| molecular characterization of a cryptic plasmid from the psychrotrophic antarctic bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. 643a. | we report the identification and nucleotide sequence analysis of pkw1, a plasmid of the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. 643a isolated from the stomach of antarctic krill euphasia superba. pkw1 consists of 4583 bp, has a g+c content of 43% and seven putative open reading frames (orfs). the deduced amino acid sequence from orf-1 shared significant similarity with the plasmid replicase protein of psychrobacter cryohalolentis, strain k5. the dna region immediately downstream of the or ... | 2008 | 18611409 |
| ceacam3: an innate immune receptor directed against human-restricted bacterial pathogens. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (ceacam3) is an immunoglobulin-related glycoprotein exclusively expressed on granulocytes. in contrast to other members of the ceacam family, ceacam3 does not support cell-cell adhesion, but rather mediates the opsonin-independent recognition and elimination of a restricted set of human-specific gram-negative bacterial pathogens including neisseria gonorrhoeae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. within the last 4 years, mo ... | 2008 | 18606569 |
| neutrophil and monocyte cd64 and cd163 expression in critically ill neonates and children with sepsis: comparison of fluorescence intensities and calculated indexes. | to evaluate the expression of cd64 and cd163 on neutrophils and monocytes in sirs with/without sepsis and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cd64 and cd163 molecules expression determined as (1) mean fluorescence intensities (mfi) of cd64 and cd163; and (2) the ratio (index) of linearized mfi to the fluorescence signal of standardized beads. | 2008 | 18604302 |
| tonsillar microbial flora: a comparison of infected and non-infected tonsils. | the main objective of this study was to find out the most common organism affecting the tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis. | 2006 | 18603861 |
| improved pulsed field gel electrophoresis method for moraxella catarrhalis. | an improved pfge method for the molecular typing of moraxella catarrhalis is described. a modified pulsenet method using higher concentrations of edta and proteinase k, together with increased reagent volumes and incubation temperatures resulted in improved results and a more rapid turnaround time compared to pfge methods currently used. | 2008 | 18586342 |
| multicenter evaluation of the new vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus identification card. | the new neisseria-haemophilus identification (nh) card for vitek 2 was compared with 16s rrna gene sequencing (16s) as the reference method for accurate identification of neisseria spp., haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria. testing was performed on the vitek 2 xl system with modified software at three clinical trial laboratories. reproducibility was determined with nine atcc quality control strains tested 20 times over a minimum of 10 days at all three sites. a challeng ... | 2008 | 18579712 |
| induction of beta defensin 2 by nthi requires tlr2 mediated myd88 and irak-traf6-p38mapk signaling pathway in human middle ear epithelial cells. | all mucosal epithelia, including those of the tubotympanium, are secreting a variety of antimicrobial innate immune molecules (aiims). in our previous study, we showed the bactericidal/bacteriostatic functions of aiims against various otitis media pathogens. among the aiims, human beta-defensin 2 is the most potent molecule and is inducible by exposure to inflammatory stimuli such as bacterial components or proinflammatory cytokines. even though the beta-defensin 2 is an important aiim, the indu ... | 2008 | 18578886 |
| clinical bacteriology and immunology in acute otitis media in children. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most common disease seen in childhood. streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), and moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequent pathogens of all aom episodes. the high prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens such as penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae (prsp) and betalactamase producing or nonproducing ampicillin-resistant h. influenzae (blpar or blnar) is causing serious clinical problems worldwide. prsp and blnar have become important r ... | 2008 | 18574652 |
| antimicrobial activity of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone, against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates. | the activity of dc-159a, a novel orally administered fluorinated quinolone, was evaluated by reference broth microdilution or agar dilution methods against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates from five continents. against pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis), the mic(90)s were 0.12 microg/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 0.03 microg/ml for moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.12 microg/ml for beta-h ... | 2008 | 18573936 |
| galactose residues on the lipooligosaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis 26404 form the epitope recognized by the bactericidal antiserum from conjugate vaccination. | lipooligosaccharide (los) from moraxella catarrhalis has the potential to elicit bactericidal antibodies against the pathogen. we generated los-based conjugate vaccines that elicited bactericidal antibodies in animal models. however, epitopes on the los recognized by the functional anti-los antibodies remain unidentified. in this study, a mutant strain, d4, which lost the recognition by a bactericidal anti-los rabbit serum in western blotting was generated from a serotype c strain 26404 by rando ... | 2008 | 18559429 |
| benefit-risk assessment of telithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. | the purpose of this review is to assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin, currently licensed for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (cap). telithromycin is active against both the major (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) and atypical/intracellular (chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and mycoplasma pneumoniae) cap pathogens. it is associated wit ... | 2008 | 18558790 |
| tigecycline in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated skin and skin structure infections. | tigecycline, a glycylcycline related to the tetracycline class of antibiotics, represents a new option for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated skin and skin structure infections. it displays favorable activity in vitro against the most common causative gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic pathogens. in addition, tigecycline demonstrates activity against drug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, a ... | 2007 | 18516315 |
| compared to placebo, long-term antibiotics resolve otitis media with effusion (ome) and prevent acute otitis media with perforation (aomwip) in a high-risk population: a randomized controlled trial. | for children at high risk of chronic suppurative otitis media (csom), strategies to prevent acute otitis media with perforation (aomwip) may reduce progression to csom. | 2008 | 18513453 |
| [experience with bronchomunal used in the combined treatment of patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | the paper presents the results of treatment in 30 patients aged 16-59 years who have bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by using a bacterial vaccine (bronchomunal) containing antigens of opportunistic bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans, streptococcus piogenes, moraxella catarrhalis. immunotherapy with the vaccine had good and excellent effects in 73.33 of cases; the mean duratio ... | 2008 | 18509908 |
| the moraxella adhesin uspa1 binds to its human ceacam1 receptor by a deformable trimeric coiled-coil. | moraxella catarrhalis is a ubiquitous human-specific bacterium commonly associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including otitis media, sinusitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the bacterium uses an autotransporter protein uspa1 to target an important human cellular receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1). using x-ray crystallography, we show that the ceacam1 receptor-binding region of uspa1 unusually consists of an extended, ... | 2008 | 18497748 |
| severe asthma and the omalizumab option. | atopic diseases and asthma are increasing at a remarkable rate on a global scale. it is now well recognized that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. the inflammatory process in many patients is driven by an immunoglobulin e (ige)-dependent process. mast cell activation and release of mediators, in response to allergen and ige, results in a cascade response, culminating in b lymphocyte, t lymphocyte, eosinophil, fibroblast, smooth muscle cell and endothelial activation. this ... | 2008 | 18489791 |
| optimizing antibiotic selection in treating copd exacerbations. | our understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis and consequences of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) has increased substantially in the last decade. several new lines of evidence demonstrate that bacterial isolation from sputum during acute exacerbation in many instances reflects a cause-effect relationship. placebo-controlled antibiotic trials in exacerbations of copd demonstrate significant clinical benefits of antibiotic treatment in moderate and severe epis ... | 2008 | 18488427 |
| treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, with special emphasis on gemifloxacin. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the cause of substantial morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization worldwide. when choosing an antimicrobial, effective treatment depends on proper patient evaluation and the identification of numerous risk factors, such as recent antibiotic exposure or the presence of comorbidity. patients without any risk factor should be treated effectively with a narrow spectrum beta-lactam agent, like amoxicillin, or a macrolide. if a risk factor is present, agents ... | 2007 | 18488076 |
| contribution of trimeric autotransporter c-terminal domains of oligomeric coiled-coil adhesin (oca) family members yada, uspa1, eiba, and hia to translocation of the yada passenger domain and virulence of yersinia enterocolitica. | the oca family is a novel class of autotransporter-adhesins with highest structural similarity in their c-terminal transmembrane region, which supposedly builds a beta-barrel pore in the outer membrane (om). the prototype of the oca family is yada, an adhesin of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. yada forms a homotrimeric lollipop-like structure on the bacterial surface. the c-terminal regions of three yada monomers form a barrel in the om and translocate the trimeric n-ter ... | 2008 | 18487327 |
| drug forecast - the peptide deformylase inhibitors as antibacterial agents. | the relatively rapid development of microbial resistance after the entry of every new antimicrobial into the marketplace necessitates a constant supply of new agents to maintain effective pharmacotherapy. despite extensive efforts to identify novel lead compounds from molecular targets, only the peptide deformylase inhibitors (pdis) have shown any real promise, with some advancing to phase i human trials. bacterial peptide deformylase, which catalyzes the removal of the n-formyl group from n-ter ... | 2007 | 18472972 |
| acute exacerbations and respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) describe the phenomenon of sudden worsening in airway function and respiratory symptoms in patients with copd. these exacerbations can range from self-limited diseases to episodes of florid respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. the average patient with copd experiences two such episodes annually, and they account for significant consumption of health care resources. although bacterial infections are the most co ... | 2008 | 18453367 |
| connection between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and resistance among the major respiratory tract pathogens was investigated by comparing regional consumption of the drug to regional resistance in the following year in 21 central hospital districts in finland. a total of 23,530 streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 28,320 haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 14,138 moraxella catarrhalis isolates were tested for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility during the study period (1998-2004 ... | 2008 | 18443116 |
| action for child survival: elimination of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in uganda. | to guide immunization policy, we determined the public health benefit of introducing haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine in uganda and estimated the vaccine effectiveness. | 2008 | 18438518 |
| distribution of transferrin binding protein b gene (tbpb) variants among neisseria species. | transferrin binding protein b (tbpb), an outer membrane lipoprotein, is required for the acquisition of iron from human transferrin. two tbpb families have been documented in neisseria meningitidis: an isotype i tbpb gene of 1.8 kb and an isotype ii tbpb gene of 2.1 kb, the former expressed by meningococci in the disease-associated st-11 clonal complex and the latter found among meningococci belonging to the hyper-invasive clonal complexes including st-8, st-18, st-32, st-41/44 as well as n. gon ... | 2008 | 18430216 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of ce-156811, a novel analog derived from hygromycin a. | we evaluated a novel truncated hygromycin a analog in which the furanose ring was replaced with a 2-fluoro-2-cyclopropylethyl substituent for its activity against multidrug resistant gram-positive bacteria and compared its activity to the activities of linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and vancomycin. ce-156811 demonstrated robust in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria that was comparable to that of linezolid. | 2008 | 18426902 |
| upag, a new member of the trimeric autotransporter family of adhesins in uropathogenic escherichia coli. | the ability of escherichia coli to colonize both intestinal and extraintestinal sites is driven by the presence of specific virulence factors, among which are the autotransporter (at) proteins. members of the trimeric at adhesin family are important virulence factors for several gram-negative pathogens and mediate adherence to eukaryotic cells and extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins. in this study, we characterized a new trimeric at adhesin (upag) from uropathogenic e. coli (upec). molecular ana ... | 2008 | 18424525 |
| alveolar macrophage phagocytosis is impaired in children with poorly controlled asthma. | lower respiratory tract infection is a differentiating feature of children with poorly controlled asthma. | 2008 | 18417198 |
| acute otitis media during the first two years of life in a rural community in bangladesh: a prospective cohort study. | the study investigated the burden of acute otitis media (aom) during the first two years of life in a cohort of 252 newborns in rural bangladesh using data collected on occurrences of aom. trained community health workers (chws) conducted household surveillance and picked up cases of aom using the study algorithm. the incidence rate was 0.9 episodes per child-year observed. forty-six percent (n=115) of the 252 subjects developed aom: 36% (n=91) during the first year of life and 10% (n=24) during ... | 2007 | 18402184 |
| the moraxella igd-binding protein mid/hag is an oligomeric autotransporter. | the immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein mid/hag of the human respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is an outer membrane protein of approximately 200kda belonging to the autotransporter family. mid also functions as an adhesin and hemagglutinin. in the present paper, the ultrastructure of mid was mapped. using a series of escherichia coli transformants, the last 210 aa of the c-terminal region were shown to translocate protein mid through the outer membrane suggesting that mid has a beta- ... | 2008 | 18400547 |
| strain-specific virulence phenotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae assessed using the chinchilla laniger model of otitis media. | streptococcus pneumoniae [sp] infection is associated with local and systemic disease. our current understanding of the differential contributions of genetic strain variation, serotype, and host response to disease phenotype is incomplete. using the chinchilla model of otitis media [om] we investigated the disease phenotype generated by the laboratory strain tigr4 and each of thirteen clinical strains (bs68-75, bs290, bs291, bs293, bs436 and bs437); eleven of the thirteen strains have been genom ... | 2008 | 18398481 |
| the xenorhabdus nematophila nilabc genes confer the ability of xenorhabdus spp. to colonize steinernema carpocapsae nematodes. | members of the steinernema genus of nematodes are colonized mutualistically by members of the xenorhabdus genus of bacteria. in nature, steinernema carpocapsae nematodes are always found in association with xenorhabdus nematophila bacteria. thus, this interaction, like many microbe-host associations, appears to be species specific. x. nematophila requires the nila, nilb, and nilc genes to colonize s. carpocapsae. in this work, we showed that of all the xenorhabdus species examined, only x. nemat ... | 2008 | 18390667 |
| high incidence of antimicrobial resistant organisms including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in nasopharyngeal and blood isolates of hiv-infected children from cape town, south africa. | there is little information on nasopharyngeal (np) flora or bacteremia in hiv-infected children. our aim was to describe the organisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children enrolled in a prospective study comparing daily and three times weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and isoniazid (inh) or placebo prophylaxis. | 2008 | 18380900 |
| plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria. | this research work was conducted in uppanar estuary to ascertain the role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. water and sediment samples were collected for a period of three months. when tested against 20 antibiotics 22 mar strains were isolated from the samples, which were found resistant to 5-13 antibiotics. they belong to 7 genera and 10 species. gram-negative bacteria namely neisseria mucosa, n. sicca, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella ozaenae, citrobacterintermedius, pse ... | 2007 | 18380085 |
| current progress of adhesins as vaccine candidates for moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging pathogen and all isolates are now considered beta-lactamase producing. potential further use of vaccines against streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae means that m. catarrhalis might be thrust further into the limelight. however, a vaccine has not yet been designed. in this review, the progress of m. catarrhalis adhesins as vaccine candidates is discussed with a focus on various candidate antigens that spanned those discovered more t ... | 2007 | 18377357 |
| age-related genotypic and phenotypic differences in moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults presenting with respiratory disease in 2001-2002. | moraxella catarrhalis is generally associated with upper respiratory tract infections in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. however, little is known regarding the population biology of isolates infecting these two age groups. to address this, a population-screening strategy was employed to investigate 195 worldwide m. catarrhalis isolates cultured from children (<5 years of age) and adults (>20 years of age) presenting with respiratory disease in the years 2001-2002. para ... | 2008 | 18375810 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-dependent tonsillar b cell activation does not lead to apoptosis but to vigorous proliferation resulting in nonspecific igm production. | the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis has a high affinity for human igd and is mitogenic for peripheral blood b lymphocytes. moraxella igd-binding protein, which is a multifunctional outer membrane protein with adhesive properties, is responsible for the interaction. previous experiments with the ig-binding b cell superantigens protein a and protein l from staphylococcus aureus and peptostreptococcus magnus, respectively, have suggested that nonimmune bcr cross-linking induces b cell ap ... | 2008 | 18372337 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of newer oral cephalosporins: implications for treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | full knowledge of the inter-relationships between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics is important in choosing an appropriate antibiotic, determining its optimal dosage regimen, and predicting which pharmacokinetic parameter(s) should best correlate with clinical efficacy in the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). pharmacodynamics of antibiotics deal with the time-course of drug activity and mechanisms of action of drugs on bacteria. in particular, the b ... | 1998 | 18370555 |
| moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide selectively upregulates icam-1 expression on human monocytes and stimulates adjacent naïve monocytes to produce tnf-alpha through cellular cross-talk. | to elucidate the role of moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide (los) in otitis media with effusion (ome), the effects of los on adhesion antigens of human monocytes were investigated. m. catarrhalis los selectively enhanced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1 or cd54) expression on human monocytes by significantly increasing both the surface expression intensity and the percentage of icam-1(+) cells. icam-1 upregulation on human monocytes by the los required surface cd14, tlr4, nf-kapp ... | 2008 | 18363879 |
| the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis: no change is good medicine. | 2008 | 18362382 |