Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| transcriptional mapping of the varicella-zoster virus regulatory genes encoding open reading frames 4 and 63. | four of the 68 varicella-zoster virus (vzv) unique open reading frames (orfs), i.e., orfs 4, 61, 62, and 63, encode proteins that influence viral transcription and are considered to be positional homologs of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early (ie) proteins. in order to identify the elements that regulate transcription of vzv orfs 4 and 63, the encoded mrnas were mapped in detail. for orf 4, a major 1.8-kb and a minor 3.0-kb polyadenylated [poly(a)+] rna were identified, whereas ... | 1994 | 8189496 |
| preexisting nuclear architecture defines the intranuclear location of herpesvirus dna replication structures. | herpes simplex virus dna replication proteins localize in characteristic patterns corresponding to viral dna replication structures in the infected cell nucleus. the intranuclear spatial organization of the hsv dna replication structures and the factors regulating their nuclear location remain to be defined. we have used the hsv icp8 dna-binding protein and bromodeoxyuridine labeling as markers for sites of herpesviral dna synthesis to examine the spatial organization of these structures within ... | 1994 | 8189490 |
| a rapid simple in situ hybridization method for herpes simplex virus employing a synthetic biotin-labeled oligonucleotide probe: a comparison with immunohistochemical methods for hsv detection. | we examined 28 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens with histologic evidence of herpes virus infection by in situ hybridization (ish) utilizing manual capillary action technology (microprobe staining system) and a 21 base synthetic multibiotinylated oligonucleotide probe from the hsv glycoprotein c region. the results were compared to a rapid simple immunohistochemical (ihc) protocol for detection of hsv proteins. hsv was detected by ish and ihc in all but one specimen which was shown to be positi ... | 1994 | 8189321 |
| an improved method for cloning portions of the repeat regions of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the use of a low copy number plasmid to enhance greatly the ability to clone herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna is described. certain regions of the hsv-1 dna have been extremely difficult to clone. particular difficulties have often been encountered in the long and short viral repeats. attempts to clone certain hsv-1 sequences using common plasmids produced plasmids containing inserts of unusual size and/or plasmids smaller than the original plasmid. the reason for these cloning difficulti ... | 1994 | 8188808 |
| development of anti-tumor immunity following thymidine kinase-mediated killing of experimental brain tumors. | using the 9l experimental brain tumor model, we studied long-term tumor regression and immunologic consequences of tumor killing in a model of in vivo gene transfer of the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene and ganciclovir (gcv) treatments. fibroblasts modified to produce retroviral vectors carrying the hsv-tk gene were implanted into established 9l brain tumors in fischer 344 rats to carry out gene transfer. animals were then treated with parenteral gcv. significant tumor reg ... | 1994 | 8183911 |
| restricted herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression within sensory neurons in the absence of functional b and t lymphocytes. | herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglion neurons. during latency no viral-specific proteins are detected and virus gene expression is restricted to the latency-associated transcripts. we report here that trigeminal ganglia of mice with severe combined immunodeficiency contain individual sensory neurons exhibiting restricted viral gene expression characteristic of latency; this occurred during acute (4-6 days) infection with the wild-type hsv-1 strain ... | 1994 | 8178461 |
| viral transduction of trka into cultured nodose and spinal motor neurons conveys ngf responsiveness. | the trka gene encodes the tyrosine kinase receptor that transduces the ngf signal. we have used a defective herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) vector containing a full-length rat trka sequence (phsvtrka) to express ngf receptors in primary cultures of neonatal nodose neurons and embryonic spinal motor neurons which are normally unresponsive to ngf. transduction of rat neonatal nodose ganglion neurons and spinal motor neurons with phsvtrka resulted in expression of functional ngf receptors. stimulati ... | 1994 | 8174770 |
| aggravation of herpetic stromal keratitis after murine epidermal grown factor topical application. | we evaluated the epithelializing-promoting effect of a concentration of 0.005 mg/ml murine epidermal growth factor (megf), topically administered four times daily, on the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) corneal ulcers of the rabbit eye. the severity of the herpetic lesions was evaluated clinically, after the time course of the severity of epithelial keratitis, conjunctivitis, iritis, and stromal disease, for 14 days. a histological assessment was performed in the middle and at the end of the foll ... | 1994 | 8156789 |
| increased replication in hiv/hsv co-infection. | 1994 | 8155533 | |
| localized gene transfer into organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and acute hippocampal slices. | viral vectors derived from herpes simplex virus, type-1 (hsv), can transfer and express genes into fully differentiated, post-mitotic neurons. these vectors also transduce cells effectively in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. nanoliter quantities of a virus stock of hsvlac, an hsv vector that directs expression of e. coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), were microapplied into stratum pyramidale or stratum granulosum of slice cultures. twenty-four hours later, a cluster of transduced cells ... | 1993 | 8152244 |
| deletion of the varicella-zoster virus large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase impairs growth of virus in vitro. | cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) express a viral ribonucleotide reductase which is distinct from that present in uninfected cells. vzv open reading frames 18 and 19 (orf18 and orf19) are homologous to the herpes simplex virus type 1 genes encoding the small and large subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, respectively. we generated recombinant vzv by transfecting cultured cells with four overlapping cosmid dnas. to construct a virus lacking ribonucleotide reductase, we deleted 97% ... | 1994 | 8151792 |
| the ul21 gene products of herpes simplex virus 1 are dispensable for growth in cultured cells. | a viral deletion mutant (delta ul21) that lacked the sequences encoding 484 of the predicted first 535 amino acids of the ul21 open reading frame was genetically engineered and studied with respect to its phenotype in cells in culture. we report the following. (i) the replication of delta ul21 was identical to that of the parent herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) strain f in vero cells, but the yields were three- to fivefold lower than those of the parent virus in human embryonic lung cells. (ii) to ... | 1994 | 8151763 |
| a herpes simplex virus 1 us11-expressing cell line is resistant to herpes simplex virus infection at a step in viral entry mediated by glycoprotein d. | a baby hamster kidney [bhk(tk-)] cell line (us11cl19) which stably expresses the us11 and alpha 4 genes of herpes simplex virus 1 strain f [hsv-1(f)] was found to be resistant to infection with hsv-1. although wild-type hsv-1(f) attached with normal kinetics to the surface of us11cl19 cells, most cells showed no evidence of infection and failed to accumulate detectable amounts of alpha mrnas. the relationship between the expression of ul11 and resistance to hsv infection in us11cl19 cells has no ... | 1994 | 8151754 |
| photodynamic inactivation of herpes viruses with phthalocyanine derivatives. | the antiviral photosensitization capacity of 11 different phthalocyanine (pc) derivatives was examined using herpes simplex virus-1, herpes simplex virus-2 and varicella zoster virus in the search for the most potent sensitizers for viral decontamination of blood. the kinetics of viral photoinactivation were resolved during the stages of viral adsorption and penetration into the host cells. the capacity of pc in the photodynamic inactivation of viruses was compared with that of merocyanine 540 ( ... | 1994 | 8151454 |
| electron microscopic findings in a cornea with recurrence of herpes simplex keratitis after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy. | excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy is emerging as an alternative therapy to corneal transplantation for the treatment of multiple corneal diseases. we report three cases of recurrence of herpes simplex keratitis after treatment of herpetic corneal scars with the excimer laser. in two cases, the patients underwent subsequent corneal transplantation. one corneal button examined with transmission electron microscopy (tem) demonstrated a well-differentiated epithelium over the area of ablati ... | 1994 | 8149573 |
| diagnostic impression cytology for herpes simplex keratitis. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) antigens in corneal or conjunctival epithelial lesions were detected by impression cytology. specimens were obtained using a nitrocellulose membrane and were stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. hsv antigens were demonstrated in 30 of 32 patients with herpes simplex keratitis or conjunctivitis. impression specimens of dendritic or stellate keratitis lesions exhibited precise replicas of corneal lesions with numerous antigen-positive cells. hsv antigens were ... | 1993 | 8145397 |
| cellular protein interactions with herpes simplex virus type 1 oris. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) origin of dna replication, oris, contains an at-rich region and three highly homologous sequences, sites i, ii, and iii, identified as binding sites for the hsv-1 origin-binding protein (obp). in the present study, interactions between specific oris dna sequences and proteins in uninfected cell extracts were characterized. the formation of one predominant protein-dna complex, m, was demonstrated in gel shift assays following incubation of uninfected cell e ... | 1994 | 8139557 |
| herpes simplex virus vp16 forms a complex with the virion host shutoff protein vhs. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) virions contain at least two regulatory proteins that modulate gene expression in infected cells: the transcriptional activator vp16 and the virion host shutoff protein vhs. vp16 stimulates transcription of the hsv immediate-early genes, and vhs suppresses host protein synthesis and induces accelerated turnover of cellular and viral mrnas. we report here that vhs binds directly to vp16: vhs and vp16 were coprecipitated from infected cells by an anti-vhs antiserum, and ... | 1994 | 8139019 |
| expression of seven herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins (gb, gc, gd, ge, gg, gh, and gi): comparative protection against lethal challenge in mice. | we have constructed recombinant baculoviruses individually expressing seven of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins (gb, gc, gd, ge, gg, gh, and gi). vaccination of mice with gb, gc, gd, ge, or gi resulted in production of high neutralizing antibody titers to hsv-1 and protection against intraperitoneal and ocular challenge with lethal doses of hsv-1. this protection was statistically significant and similar to the protection provided by vaccination with live nonvirulent hsv-1 ( ... | 1994 | 8138996 |
| effect of heparin on hemagglutinin of herpes simplex virus type 1. | heparin inhibited the hemagglutinin activity of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1. the minimal inhibitory concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 hemagglutination (ha) u of hsv ranged from 0.005 to 0.01 u/ml. mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with the ha inhibitory factor of heparin. on the other hand, mouse erythrocytes treated with heparinase had greatly reduced agglutinability by hsv. virus-heparin complex formation was observed by sedimenting heparin with the virus particles. | 1993 | 8133804 |
| immunotherapy of acute and recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection with an adjuvant-free form of recombinant glycoprotein d-interleukin-2 fusion protein. | previous studies demonstrated that the adjuvant-free form of a fusion protein consisting of a truncated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d and human interleukin-2 (tgd-il-2) elicited superior protective immunity in mice. in this study, the immunotherapeutic efficacy of tgd-il-2 against vaginal hsv-2 infection was investigated using a guinea pig model. footpad injections of tgd-il-2 (12.5 micrograms/dose) after the onset of primary lesions strongly suppressed recurrence in the chr ... | 1994 | 8133093 |
| mechanism of cytostatic action of novel 5-(thien-2-yl)- and 5-(furan-2-yl)-substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against tumor cells transfected by the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus. | several novel 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridine (durd) analogues were evaluated as substrates for highly purified herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-encoded thymidine kinase (tk) derived from hsv-1 tk gene-transfected murine mammary carcinoma fm3a cells, and human platelet thymidine (dthd) phosphorylase. the ki of 5-(furan-2-yl)-durd, 5-(thien-2-yl)-durd and 5-(thien-2-yl)-dcyd for hsv-1 tk was 0.94, 0.71, and 1.32 microm, respectively. inhibition was competitive with respect to the natural substra ... | 1994 | 8132526 |
| [incidence and etiology of viremia in 2,619 patients]. | virus investigation, specially cytomegalovirus (cmv), in blood has increased such that the capacity of hospitalary laboratories is threatened with collapse. the causal agents of viremia are analyzed being correlated with the clinical symptoms and underlying disease to establish the selection criteria of patients for virologic study. | 1994 | 8127163 |
| the equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein m is a major constituent of the virus particle. | glycoprotein 45 is a major envelope glycoprotein of equine herpesvirus type 1. the gene encoding this protein is located between map units 0.615 and 0.636 on the virus genome and evidence has suggested that it is encoded by gene 52, one of four genes within this region. using pcr we have amplified gene 52 and subsequently cloned it into a mammalian expression vector under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter. the gene was expressed in cos-7 cells and its product ... | 1994 | 8113768 |
| molecular evolution of herpesviruses: genomic and protein sequence comparisons. | phylogenetic reconstruction of herpesvirus evolution is generally founded on amino acid sequence comparisons of specific proteins. these are relevant to the evolution of the specific gene (or set of genes), but the resulting phylogeny may vary depending on the particular sequence chosen for analysis (or comparison). in the first part of this report, we compare 13 herpesvirus genomes by using a new multidimensional methodology based on distance measures and partial orderings of dinucleotide relat ... | 1994 | 8107249 |
| epidemiology of genital herpes infections. | much has been learned in the last decade about the epidemiology of genital herpes infections, including new information about seroprevalence and the risk of transmission of genital herpes to sex partners and at delivery. unfortunately, the type-specific serologic assays now routinely used in these studies are not widely available, and commercially available assays that claim to be type-specific are not. thus, most clinicians still do not have access to reliable type-specific assays. in cross-sec ... | 1993 | 8106731 |
| identification and characterization of marek's disease virus genes homologous to icp27 and glycoprotein k of herpes simplex virus-1. | we have identified two marek's disease virus (mdv) genes within the ecori-b fragment of mdv-ga genomic dna. ecori-b is 11.3-kb long and maps within the long unique region of mdv genomes. a 3.2-kb fragment of ecori-b has been sequenced and contains two open reading frames, orf53 and orf54. orf53 (mdv gk), a homolog to hsv-1 glycoprotein k (gk), is 1062 nucleotides long and encodes 354 amino acids (39.5 kda). orf54, designated mdv icp27, based on significant similarity to hsv-1 icp27, is 1419 nucl ... | 1994 | 8091655 |
| herpes simplex virus and oral mucositis in children with cancer. | the relationship between herpes simplex virus (hsv) and oral mucositis was investigated in children undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy. hsv culture was performed in 20 children with stomatitis developing after antineoplastic chemotherapy. viral isolates were typed and susceptibility to acyclovir was investigated. the virus was isolated from oral lesions in 10 of 20 children with severe oral mucositis. viral reactivation was the most likely explanation in most cases, since hsv was isolated in ... | 1994 | 8087447 |
| improved cell survival by the reduction of immediate-early gene expression in replication-defective mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 but not by mutation of the virion host shutoff function. | derivatives of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) have elicited considerable interest as gene transfer vectors because of their ability to infect a wide range of cell types efficiently, including fully differentiated neurons. however, it has been found that infection of many types of cell with vectors derived from replication-defective mutants of hsv-1 is associated with cytopathic effects (cpe). we have previously shown that viral gene expression played an important role in the induction of cp ... | 1994 | 8083974 |
| long term herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of nerve growth factor-treated pc12 cells. | the behaviour of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain 17 in tissue cultures of pc12 cells treated with nerve growth factor (ngf) was studied. pc12 cells respond to ngf by ceasing to proliferate and extending long neurites. after differentiation with ngf, cultures were infected with hsv-1 and maintained in the presence of the hormone for several weeks. these long-term infected cultures were tested for hsv dna, transcripts and the ability to produce virus, before and after ngf removal. befor ... | 1994 | 8077952 |
| the herpes simplex virus gene ul26 proteinase in the presence of the ul26.5 gene product promotes the formation of scaffold-like structures. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) polypeptides encoded by genes ul26 and ul26.5 are thought to form a scaffold around which the capsid shell assembles. the ul26 gene specifies a proteinase that cleaves both itself and the ul26.5 gene product. to study the structure and function of the ul26 and ul26.5 gene products, the proteins were expressed in cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses containing the genes under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. both polypeptides were made in la ... | 1994 | 8077934 |
| nonsurgical closure of esophago-respiratory fistulas: role for the somatostatin analogue octreotide acetate? | esophago-respiratory fistulas (erf) do not close spontaneously and are uniformly fatal. a somatostatin analogue (octreotide acetate) was used in three consecutive patients to promote the closure of erf. in 2 patients with esophageal cancer, treatment with octreotide acetate was associated with fistula closure in 30 and 46 days, respectively. in a third patient with virally-induced erf, treatment was associated with improvement of the inflammation of the fistula before the patient's death from pu ... | 1994 | 8074130 |
| kinetic studies with n2-phenylguanines and with l-thymidine indicate that herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase share a common active site. | it is known that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-encoded thymidine kinase (tk) co-purifies with an associated thymidylate kinase (tmpk) activity and that thymidylate (tmp) inhibits the phosphorylation of thymidine by the hsv-1 tk. here we demonstrate that: (i) tmp phosphorylation catalysed by the viral tmpk is competitively inhibited by thymidine (tdr) with a ki equal to its km as substrate for the viral tk; (ii) l-thymidine (l-tdr), the enantiomer of the naturally occurring d-tdr and a ... | 1994 | 8068016 |
| effect of the major dna adduct of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (ii) on the activity of a helicase essential for dna replication, the herpes simplex virus type-1 origin-binding protein. | to determine the effect of the major dna adduct, the intrastrand d(gpg) cross-link, produced by the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) on the activity of a helicase known to be essential for dna replication, we have examined its interaction with the origin-binding protein (ul9 protein) of herpes simplex virus type-1. we found that the helicase activity of the ul9 protein is inhibited only when the adduct is present on the template strand along which the protein translocates. this ef ... | 1994 | 8063811 |
| evidence that levels of the dimeric cellular transcription factor cp2 play little role in the activation of the hiv-1 long terminal repeat in vivo or following superinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1. | the dimeric transcription factor cp2 binds a sequence element found near the transcription start site of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) long terminal repeat. several groups have suggested that cellular factors binding this element might play a role in modulating hiv-1 promoter activity in vivo. for example, induction of latent hiv-1 gene expression in response to superinfection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or cytomegalovirus is thought to be mediated, in part, by factors bind ... | 1994 | 8063751 |
| hsv type i lymphadenopathy. | 1994 | 8063293 | |
| cell-free assembly of the herpes simplex virus capsid. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) capsids were found to assemble spontaneously in a cell-free system consisting of extracts prepared from insect cells that had been infected with recombinant baculoviruses coding for hsv-1 capsid proteins. the capsids formed in this system resembled native hsv-1 capsids in morphology as judged by electron microscopy, in sedimentation rate on sucrose density gradients, in protein composition, and in their ability to react with antibodies specific for the hsv-1 m ... | 1994 | 8057482 |
| phenotype of the herpes simplex virus type 1 protease substrate icp35 mutant virus. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 icp35 assembly protein is involved in the formation of viral capsids. icp35 is encoded by the ul26.5 gene and is specifically processed by the herpes simplex virus type 1 protease encoded by the ul26 gene. to better understand the functions of icp35 in infected cells, we have isolated and characterized an icp35 mutant virus, delta icp35. the mutant virus was propagated in complementing 35j cells, which express wild-type icp35. phenotypic analysis of delta icp35 sh ... | 1994 | 8057422 |
| acute retinal necrosis caused by reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 2. | acute retinal necrosis is a severe form of necrotizing retinitis. acute retinal necrosis has been demonstrated to be caused by varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 1. we treated three patients with acute retinal necrosis apparently caused by recrudescence of latent herpes simplex virus type 2. primary viral infection was probably congenital, with documented perinatal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in two patients. bilateral chorioretinal scars were present in two patients, ... | 1994 | 8053466 |
| the interaction of glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 with the alternative complement pathway. | glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2) binds the human complement fragment c3b, but the two proteins differ in their ability to bind c3b on infected cell surfaces. in addition, gc-1, but not gc-2, accelerates the decay of the alternative pathway c3 convertase, thereby affecting later steps of the complement cascade. previously, we constructed linker insertion and deletion mutants of gc-1 and gc-2 and used transient transfection to express mutant proteins in ... | 1994 | 8053154 |
| identification of a target protein of us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) gene us3 has been shown to encode a serine-threonine protein kinase. in this study, we have tried to identify target proteins of the us3 protein kinase using a us3 lacz insertion mutant of hsv-2. when permeabilized cells were labelled with [gamma-32p]atp under the optimum conditions for the us3 enzyme, the most striking difference between wild-type hsv-2 strain 186- and mutant-infected cells was observed in the phosphorylation of proteins ranging in m(r) value ... | 1994 | 8046410 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul37 gene product is a component of virus particles. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul37 gene encodes a protein with an m(r) of 120k that is produced at late times after infection. to study the properties of this protein we have linked a 10 amino acid epitope derived from a human cytomegalovirus protein to the ul37 polypeptide coding sequences by inserting an oligonucleotide at a spei site that is unique in the virus genome and lies close to the 3' end of the open reading frame. from studies on the resultant virus recombinant using a monoclonal a ... | 1994 | 8046407 |
| the current trend in genital herpes. progress in prevention. | recent serosurveys indicate that the prevalence of genital herpes has continued to increase even during the decade of hiv. much of this continued transmission is due to the difficulty of identifying the subclinical carrier of hsv-2. the development of serologic assays that accurately distinguish hsv-1 from hsv-2 infection now allow such persons to be identified, and recent studies indicate almost all hsv-2 seropositives have symptoms and signs of reactivation hsv-2. moreover, over 50% will shed ... | 1994 | 8042114 |
| apparent increase in the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 genital infections among women. | 1994 | 8039792 | |
| successful treatment of progressive mucocutaneous infection due to acyclovir- and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus with (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc). | the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc) was used topically for the treatment of persistent mucocutaneous infections in two cases. one patient with aids suffered from a perineal lesion due to infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and did not respond to acyclovir and was intolerant of foscarnet. a bone marrow transplant recipient developed orofacial lesions due to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) that failed to r ... | 1994 | 8038312 |
| prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in pregnant women in stockholm in 1969, 1983 and 1989: implications for std epidemiology. | prevalence of antibody to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 was assessed in consecutive serum samples from a total of 3700 women pregnant in 1969, 1983, or 1989 from the same catchment area in stockholm. there was little change in seroprevalence of antibody to herpes simplex type 1 in the 3 groups, but age-adjusted herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody prevalence was 19, 33, and 33% respectively. increase in type 2 seropositivity with age was slight and similar in 1969 and 1989, but steep in 198 ... | 1994 | 8031912 |
| synergistic antiviral activities of oligonucleoside methylphosphonates complementary to herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early mrnas 4, 5, and 1. | an oligonucleoside methylphosphonate (onmp) complementary to the splice acceptor site of immediate-early (ie) pre-mrnas 4 and 5 (ie4,5sa) inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) growth in vitro and in infected animals. the antiviral effect appears to be due to inhibition of ie pre-mrna 4 and 5 splicing and/or ie4 gene expression (m. kulka, m. wachsman, s. miura, r. fishelevich, p. s. miller, p. o. p. ts'o, and l. aurelian, antiviral res. 20:115-130, 1993). we describe the potentiation of an ... | 1994 | 8031030 |
| [sensitivities to other antiviral drugs and thymidine kinase activity of aciclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1]. | sensitivity tests of various antiviral drugs on aciclovir-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were done in vitro. activity of thymidine kinase (tk) of the aciclovir-resistant strains was also investigated. a strain of hsv-1 isolated from a patient with herpes labialis was grown in eagle's minimum essential medium containing 10(-6)m aciclovir (acv) and passaged 20 times. then acv-resistant strains of hsv-1 were obtained. sensitivity tests of 5 anti-herpetic agents (acv, ganci ... | 1994 | 8030564 |
| n-linked oligosaccharides on herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gd are not essential for establishment of viral latency or reactivation in the mouse eye model. | glycoprotein d (gd) is an essential component of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) envelope. it is essential for viral penetration and for cell to cell spread of virus in vitro, and is also important for neuroinvasiveness. we investigated the contribution of n-linked oligosaccharides (n-cho) on gd to viral pathogenesis. we used f-gd(qaa), a mutant virus derived from strain f of hsv-1. this virus contains three mutations in the gd gene which eliminate all signals for addition of n-cho. these mutatio ... | 1994 | 8030209 |
| interferon-alpha generation in mice responding to challenge with uv-inactivated herpes simplex virus. | in humans with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, an interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) response by a specialized blood mononuclear cell to herpes simplex virus (hsv) in vitro is associated with resistance to opportunistic infections. a cell type of unknown lineage, designated the natural ifn-producing cell (nipc), has been identified preliminarily as the source of these ifns and may have a role in other host defense functions. earlier studies suggested the existence of analogous h ... | 1994 | 8027590 |
| analysis of the thymidine kinase of a herpes simplex virus type 1 isolate that exhibits resistance to (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | the mechanism responsible for the decreased sensitivity of a clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) isolate, hsv-145, to (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) was examined. measurements of 50% inhibitory doses of several drugs demonstrated that although hsv-145 was sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid, adenine arabinoside and acyclovir, its sensitivity to bvdu and 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine was significantly less than that normally observed for hsv-1. analysis of the thymidylate ... | 1994 | 8021603 |
| herpes simplex virus involvement of the lower respiratory tract following surgery. | 1994 | 8020332 | |
| rapid diagnosis of herpetic keratitis using direct immunoperoxidase technique. | the direct immunoperoxidase technique was tested for diagnosis of herpetic keratitis. the technique was performed on corneal epithelial specimens from 28 herpetic keratitis cases and 12 controls. ulcers were stained with rose bengal or fluorescein and examined at the slit-lamp biomicroscope to differentiate between herpetic and nonherpetic etiology. scrapings obtained from the corneal epithelial ulcers were stained with direct immunoperoxidase technique. the whole procedure, including staining a ... | 1994 | 8017196 |
| immunology and herpetic keratitis. | 1994 | 8013704 | |
| activation of rna polymerase iii transcription of human alu elements by herpes simplex virus. | we found that hsv infection of hela cells strongly induces rna polymerase iii transcription of endogenous human alu elements, resulting in the accumulation of high levels of cytoplasmic rnas initiated from alu pol iii promoters. induction required viral protein synthesis and occurred during infection with a viral mutant bearing a null mutation in the immediate-early (ie) gene encoding icp4, suggesting that one or more ie proteins are sufficient for activation. however, mutations in each of the o ... | 1994 | 8009851 |
| two novel genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 involved in cell fusion. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) r mutants, which were defective in fusion function, were isolated from fusion inducing strains g7471 and g51, and classified into several groups by complementation (yamamoto and kabuta, 1977; yamamoto et al. 1989). marker rescue experiments of intact dna from r mutants with ecori fragments of g7471 dna revealed that the r mutations belonging to the groups a, b, e, f, g, and h were located in ecori-g, -c, -d, -h, -b, and -d fragments, respectively. the mutation ... | 1993 | 8007624 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna sequences in human blood and bone marrow cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) establishes latent infections in neural tissues of humans and experimental animals. utilizing a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay we detected hsv dna sequences in blood cells of healthy prospective bone marrow transplant (bmt) donors and patients. in three healthy individuals studied, hsv dna sequences were found in all blood cell types and also in bone marrow cells as well as in stem cell progenitor colonies isolated from in vitro cultures. studi ... | 1994 | 8006641 |
| histological and immunopathological analysis of t-cells mediating murine hsv-1 keratitis. | thymus-derived lymphocytes play a critical role in the development of herpes simplex keratitis (hsk). t-cell subsets defined by their expression of various t-cell receptor (tcr) v beta segments were studied following corneal hsv-1 infection (p.i.). | 1994 | 8001832 |
| cell-type-specific induction of the ul9 gene of hsv-1 by cell signaling pathway. | the origin-binding protein, encoded by the ul9 gene of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1), has the properties of an initiator of dna replication. in this communication, we report that the ul9 promoter contains a camp-response element (cre). transient expression analyses show that dibutyryl cyclic amp, known to elevate intracellular camp level, can induce the ul9 promoter in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (pc12) but not in a non-neuronal human cell line (hela). interestingly, a transcription factor ... | 1994 | 7999061 |
| icp34.5 influences herpes simplex virus type 1 maturation and egress from infected cells in vitro. | we have previously demonstrated that efficient replication of mutant herpes simplex virus which fails to synthesize the polypeptide icp34.5 is cell type and cell state dependent. icp34.5 negative viruses do not grow in stationary state mouse embryo fibroblast 3t6 cells whereas the growth kinetics in bhk cells are indistinguishable from those of wild-type. we now demonstrate that this defect is not due to an inability of mutant virus to adsorb to 3t6 cells but rather to an inability to spread fro ... | 1994 | 7996163 |
| identification of structural domains within the large subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase. | the large subunit (r1) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase is a bifunctional protein consisting of a unique n-terminal protein kinase domain and a ribonucleotide reductase domain. previous studies showed that the two functional domains are linked by a protease sensitive site. here we provide evidence for two subdomains, of 30k and 53k, within the reductase domain. the two fragments, which were produced by limited proteolysis and were resistant to further degradation, remained ... | 1994 | 7996127 |
| [the physiological function of plasma apoa-i--the anti-viral effects of apoa-i and its fragments]. | apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i), the major protein of plasma high density lipoproteins, was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-i) induced cell fusion at physiological concentrations (mumol/l). plasma apoa-i from three different species was used to study the anti-viral effects by microneutralization test. marked inhibition of virus-induced cell fusion was observed when the virus or the cells were pretreated with apoa-i, suggesting that apoa-i may have a direct effect on the virus and t ... | 1994 | 7987949 |
| kinetic analysis of the interaction between the diphosphate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, ddctp, azttp, and fiautp with human dna polymerases beta and gamma. | the inhibitory effects of the diphosphate of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy-propyl)cytosine (hpmpcpp) toward human dna polymerases beta and gamma were studied. the ki values of hpmpcpp were compared with the ki values of the triphosphates of 3'-azidothymidine (azttp), 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddctp) and 5-iodo-2'-fluoroarabinosyluridine (fiautp). the ki values toward dna polymerase beta in increasing order were 1.32, 1.43, 140, and 520 microm for ddctp, fiautp, azttp and hpmpcpp, respectivel ... | 1994 | 7986213 |
| evaluation of colocalization interactions between the ie110, ie175, and ie63 transactivator proteins of herpes simplex virus within subcellular punctate structures. | a number of previous studies have implied that three herpes simplex virus-encoded nuclear transactivator proteins, ie175 (icp4), ie110 (icp0), and ie63 (icp27), may cooperate in transcriptional and posttranscriptional stimulation of viral gene expression. using double-label immunofluorescence assays (ifa) in transient expression assays, we have examined the intracellular localization of these three proteins in dna-transfected cells. the ie110 protein on its own forms spherical punctate domains w ... | 1995 | 7983744 |
| local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. | to correlate specific local immune responses with protection from corneal scarring, we examined immune cell infiltrates in the cornea after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). this is the first report to examine corneal infiltrates following ocular challenge of a vaccinated mouse rather than following infection of a naive mouse. mice were vaccinated systemically with vaccines that following ocular challenge with hsv-1 resulted in (i) complete protection ... | 1995 | 7983727 |
| heat shock-induced reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latently infected mouse trigeminal ganglion cells in dissociated culture. | an in vitro herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency model was established, using trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice. when heat-treated at 43 degrees c for 3 h, reactivation followed in 76.6% of the cultures, while reactivation was not observed in non-heat-treated controls. | 1994 | 7979977 |
| regions us6 and us7 of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna encoding glycoproteins d and i may influence neuroinvasivity. | recombinants were prepared by replacing a 1931 bp region of the bamhi j fragment (0.906-0.920) of the pathogenic angpath dna-coding for glycoprotein d (gd) and a part of glycoprotein i (gi)--by the corresponding sequence of nonpathogenic kos dna (kaerner et al., 1991) and tested in dba/2 mice. the strain angpath and the control recombinant angpath/gd-gipath, prepared by back transfer of the given angpath dna fragment into angpath/gd-gidellacz+ dna, were pathogenic after intraperitoneal inoculati ... | 1994 | 7976867 |
| the ring finger domain of the varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 61 protein is required for its transregulatory functions. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 61 (orf61) protein transactivates expression of vzv promoters. vzv orf61 is functionally homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cell protein 0 (icp0); however, amino acid sequence homology of these two proteins is limited to the ring finger domains, a recently identified sequence motif composed of cysteine and histidine residues, located in their amino-terminal regions. a carboxy-terminal truncation mutant of icp0 (which retains ... | 1994 | 7975220 |
| differential response of human cells to deletions and stop codons in the gamma(1)34.5 gene of herpes simplex virus. | earlier studies have shown that herpes simplex virus mutants lacking the gamma(1)34.5 gene are totally avirulent on intracerebral inoculation of the virus into mice and induce premature shutoff of protein synthesis in human neuroblastoma (sk-n-sh) cells but not in vero cells. we report the following. (i) whereas deletion mutant r3616, lacking 1,000 bp of the gamma(1)34.5 gene, caused premature shutoff of protein synthesis in both sk-n-sh and human foreskin fibroblasts (hff), mutants r4009 and r9 ... | 1994 | 7966624 |
| varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 10 protein, the homolog of the essential herpes simplex virus protein vp16, is dispensable for vzv replication in vitro. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 10 (orf10) protein in the homolog of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) protein vp16. vzv orf10 transactivates the vzv ie62 gene and is a tegument protein present in the virion. hsv-1 vp16, a potent transactivator of hsv-1 immediate-early genes and tegument protein, is essential for hsv-1 replication in vitro. to determine whether vzv orf10 is required for viral replication in vitro, we constructed two vzv mutants which were unable to express ... | 1994 | 7966575 |
| analysis of a herpes simplex virus type 1 lat mutant with a deletion between the putative promoter and the 5' end of the 2.0-kilobase transcript. | a herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17 mutant with a deletion between genomic nucleotides 118880 and 119250 was constructed and called 17 delta sty. the deletion removes most of a putative secondary lat promoter (called lapii) as well as 370 of the first 449 nucleotides of the proposed 8.5-kb transcript believed to be the precursor of 2.0-kb lat. 17 delta sty was shown to produce major 2.0-kb lats in tissue culture. moreover, trigeminal nerves from latently infected mice contained an intact 1.4 ... | 1994 | 7966571 |
| herpes simplex virus inhibits host cell splicing, and regulatory protein icp27 is required for this effect. | while the majority of metazoan genes and those of the dna viruses which infect them contain introns which require rna splicing, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes relatively few spliced products. we previously showed that the hsv-1 immediate-early protein icp27 decreased the levels of spliced target mrnas in transfections and spliced cellular mrnas during infection, suggesting that icp27 may function in impairing host cell splicing. here, we show that during infections with the wild typ ... | 1994 | 7966568 |
| vitreous fluid sampling and viral genome detection for the diagnosis of viral retinitis in patients with aids. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) causes severe necrotizing retinitis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other herpesviruses have been implicated in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome (arn), seen in both the immunocompetent and the immunosuppressed. at present the diagnosis of viral retinitis relies solely on clinical appearances. in order to assess whether the detection of herpesvirus-specific dna in cell-free vitreous biopsy samples could be useful in the early diagnosis ... | 1994 | 7964643 |
| the gene downstream of the gc homologue in feline herpes virus type 1 is involved in the expression of virulence. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) mutants were constructed, carrying a beta-galactosidase marker gene integrated into the region downstream of the gene encoding the homologue of glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1. in cell culture, no differences in replication were observed between mutants and the parent fhv-1 strain. however, in experimentally infected cats, mutants caused fewer clinical signs after oronasal administration although they replicated to the same extent as the paren ... | 1994 | 7964620 |
| fv structure of monoclonal antibody ii-481 against herpes simplex virus fc gamma-binding glycoprotein ge contains immunodominant complementarity determining region epitopes that react with human immunoglobulin m rheumatoid factors. | human immunoglobulin m (igm) rheumatoid factors (rfs) show primary direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) reactivity with fab rather than fc fragments of monoclonal antibody (mab) ii-481 directed against the fc gamma-binding site of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein ge. this preferential anti-fab specificity suggests that rfs react with antigen-binding portions of mab ii-481 as anti-idiotypic antibodies directed at the combining site regions of mab reacting with the fc gamma-binding re ... | 1994 | 7964464 |
| alteration of intracerebral cytokine production in mice infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | previously we reported that a lethal strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infects the brain following ocular inoculation of mice. we now demonstrate that hsv-2 mediates an unusual intracellular sequestering of class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. with use of an rnase protection assay, we observed a selective inhibition of ifn-gamma and il-6 gene transcription in brains of mice infected with hsv-2. it is likely that the inhibition of cytokine gene expression was medi ... | 1994 | 7962482 |
| role of acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis. | 1994 | 7960531 | |
| mapping, cloning and sequencing of a glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the ge gene from hsv-1. | in order to map and identify the glycoprotein-encoding gene from bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), homologous to the ge glycoprotein from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a region of the unique short sequence from the bhv-1 genome has been sequenced. the sequenced region contains an orf coding for a polypeptide of 575 amino acids (aa). the aa sequence presents substantial similarity to that of the glycoprotein ge from hsv-1 and to homologous proteins of related viruses such as pseudorabies ... | 1994 | 7958994 |
| hsv-1 ie protein vmw110 causes redistribution of pml. | herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein vmw110 is required for fully efficient viral gene expression and reactivation from latency. at early times of viral infection, vmw110 localizes to discrete nuclear structures (known as nd10, pods or kr bodies) which contain several cellular proteins, including pml. interestingly, the unregulated growth of promyelocytic leukaemia cells is correlated with disruption of the normal state of nd10. in this paper we show that: (i) vmw110 affects the distribu ... | 1994 | 7957072 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification of herpes simplex viral dna from the geniculate ganglion of a patient with bell's palsy. | bell's palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. in this study, we demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex viral type 1 (hsv-1) genomic dna in the geniculate ganglion of a patient who had bell's palsy. this association suggests that in this patient, hsv-1 may have caused bell's palsy. if hsv-1 is a cause of bell's palsy, treatment with acyclovir may be beneficial. additional studies should be done to establish the prevalence of hsv-1 as an etiologic agent of bell's palsy. | 1994 | 7944168 |
| the hsv-1 2-kb latency-associated transcript is found in the cytoplasm comigrating with ribosomal subunits during productive infection. | we have examined the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of the latency-associated transcripts (lats) of hsv-1. during latency these transcripts accumulate in the nuclei of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system of infected animals. however, our northern blot analyses demonstrate that the 2-kb lat is found in the cytoplasm of hsv-1-infected cv-1 cells, and brainstems of hsv-1 productively infected mice. like the nuclear lat from latently infected tissue, most of the cytoplasmic 2- ... | 1994 | 7941340 |
| role of anisomorphic dna conformations in the negative regulation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 promoter. | the a sequence is a bifunctional element in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome which possesses both the signals required for the cleavage and encapsidation of replicated viral dna and the promoter-regulatory sequences for the gene encoding the viral neurovirulence factor icp34.5. since the icp34.5 promoter lacks features that are characteristic of most hsv-1 promoters, including a canonical tata box, an initiator element, and upstream binding sites for host cell transcription factors ... | 1994 | 7941324 |
| anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function. | the possibility that neurons in the basal ganglia and cerebellum innervate areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in cognitive function has been a controversial subject. here, retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) was used to identify subcortical neurons that project via the thalamus to area 46 of the primate prefrontal cortex. this cortical area is known to be involved in spatial working memory. many neurons in restricted regions of the dentate nucleus ... | 1994 | 7939688 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced expression of 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70) requires early protein synthesis but not viral dna replication. | the major 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70), which is scarcely expressed in unstressed rodent cells, was apparently induced by infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv). infection with hsv types 1 and 2 elevated hsp70 mrna levels within 4 hr post-infection. hsp70 synthesis and accumulation increased in hsv-infected cells. irradiation of hsv with uv-light abolished the ability to induce hsp70 mrna. inhibitors of viral dna synthesis did not affect the induction of hsp70 in infected cells. protein ... | 1994 | 7935054 |
| analysis of the cytolytic t-lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b during primary and secondary infection. | the immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection in c57bl/6 mice includes a population of major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) that recognize the structural glycoprotein gb. to gain insight into the importance of this ctl subpopulation in vivo, gb-specific ctl present in the regional lymph nodes after a primary infection and after a reinfection of convalescent animals were analyzed. in a primary infection, gb-specific ctl precursor ... | 1994 | 7933156 |
| the herpes simplex virus ul20 protein compensates for the differential disruption of exocytosis of virions and viral membrane glycoproteins associated with fragmentation of the golgi apparatus. | the golgi apparatus is fragmented and dispersed in vero cells but not in human 143tk- cells infected with wild-type herpes simplex virus 1. moreover, a recombinant virus lacking the gene encoding the membrane protein ul20 (ul20- virus) accumulates in the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes of vero cells but is exported and spreads from cell to cell in 143tk- cell cultures. here we report that in vero cells infected with ul20- virus, the virion envelope glycoproteins were of the i ... | 1994 | 7933123 |
| mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein h suppress cell fusion by a syncytial strain. | we have developed a complementation assay, using transiently transfected cos cells, to facilitate a molecular analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gh. when infected by a gh-null syncytial virus, cos cells expressing wild-type gh generate infectious progeny virions and form a syncytium with neighboring cells. by deletion and point mutagenesis, we have found particular residues in the gh cytoplasmic tail to be essential for generation of a syncytium but apparently dispensable f ... | 1994 | 7933080 |
| induction of mhc-unrestricted cytolytic cd4+ t cells against virally infected target cells by cross-linking cd4 molecules. | cross-linking cd4 molecules with the use of specific mabs induced ag-nonspecific, mhc-unrestricted killing by human or bovine cd4+ t cells and human allospecific t cell clones against virally infected (bovine herpesvirus-1 and herpes simplex virus-1) target cells. heat-aggregated goat igg anti-mouse igg elevated cd4 cross-linking efficiency, resulting in augmented killing activity by effector cells. however, ab-activated effector cells failed to kill tumor target cell lines, e.g., k562, daudi (h ... | 1994 | 7930600 |
| quantitative studies on cd4+ and cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses against herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal and beta 2-m deficient mice. | against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected target cells, effector t cells of both cd4- cd8+ and cd4+ cd8- phenotypes occur in both man and mice. in man, the cd4+ cd8- phenotype may dominate the response, but the situation in the mouse is unclear. in this report, several approaches are used to document the existence of hsv-1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) of both phenotypes and to quantitate the frequency of their ctl precursors (ctl-p) in acutely hsv-1 infected animals. evidenc ... | 1994 | 7916329 |
| characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variant (1703) which under-produces vmw63 during immediate early conditions of infection. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variant 1703 apparently fails to synthesize the essential ie2 gene product vmw63 despite the deletion leaving the gene intact. sequence analysis revealed that the deletion removes a region to the right of ie2 comprising the 3' end of ie1, ul56 and the 3' part of ul55, stopping 555 bp downstream of the ie2 polyadenylation signal. further dna sequencing has shown that there is no secondary mutation in the ie2 gene. western blot analysis demonstrated that vm ... | 1994 | 7909833 |
| mutation of a single lysine residue severely impairs the dna recognition and regulatory functions of the vzv gene 62 transactivator protein. | the product of varicella-zoster virus gene 62 (vzv 140k) is a potent transactivator protein. we have identified a region within the dna binding domain of vzv 140k that shows a striking similarity to the dna recognition helix of the homeodomain, with an especially highly conserved quartet of residues, wlqn. the 140k protein has functional counterparts within the other alphaherpesviruses, which include the major transcriptional regulatory protein of hsv-1, (icp4), and the wlqn region is highly con ... | 1994 | 7907417 |
| co-infection and synergy of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and herpes simplex virus-1. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) uses the cd4 molecule, expressed by t helper cells and activated macrophages, as a receptor for entry into host cells. in tissues co-infected with herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1), hiv-1 virions were observed to infect keratinocytes, which, because they lack the cd4 molecule, are normally incapable of being infected by hiv-1. although a number of other viruses have been reported to enhance hiv-1 viral transcription in vitro, this is the first in-vivo report ... | 1994 | 7905094 |
| positive and negative regulation at the herpes simplex virus icp4 and icp0 taatgarat motifs. | the control of the icp0 and icp4 immediate early genes of herpes simplex virus (hsv) can critically determine the course of viral lytic or latent infections. their promoters contain so-called taatgarat motifs that are activated via a multiprotein complex which includes cellular proteins oct-1 and hcf and the viral activator (vp16 (= vmw65, alpha tif). relative to the icp4 promoter taatgagat sequence, the icp0 promoter motif has a 5' extension that includes a full octamer sequence (atgctaatgatat) ... | 1995 | 7871718 |
| the ligand-binding domains of the thyroid hormone/retinoid receptor gene subfamily function in vivo to mediate heterodimerization, gene silencing, and transactivation. | the ligand-binding domains (lbds) of the thyroid/retinoid receptor gene subfamily contain a series of heptad motifs important for dimeric interactions. this subfamily includes thyroid hormone receptors (t3rs), all-trans retinoic acid (ra) receptors (rars), 9-cis ra receptors (rars and retinoid x receptors [rxrs]), the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 receptor (vdr), and the receptors that modulate the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway (ppars). these receptors bind to their dna response elements in vitr ... | 1995 | 7862171 |
| viral antibody titers are influenced by hla-dr2 phenotype. | antibody serum levels against herpes simplex type 1 virus, cytomegalovirus, viral capsid antigens of epstein-barr virus, and rubella virus were evaluated in a sample of the sicilian population. results demonstrated that hla-dr2-positive individuals showed a significant increase in antibody titers, when compared to hla-dr2-negative individuals. these observations seem to be in contrast with the reported association of the hla-dr2 phenotype with an ineffective immune response against several infec ... | 1994 | 7857663 |
| the ul37 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with the tegument of purified virions. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul37 open reading frame encodes a 120-kda late (gamma 1) phosphoprotein in infected cells. analysis of isolated mature hsv virions and light particles revealed that the ul37 protein is a component of the virion. detergent solubilization and protease digestion experiments suggest that the ul37 protein is part of the tegument structure. indirect immunofluorescence experiments using hsv-1-infected cells and cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant virus tha ... | 1995 | 7856080 |
| time course of cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity after inoculation of herpes simplex virus into the anterior chamber of mice. | the time course of the activity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) was studied after injecting herpes simplex virus (hsv) into the anterior chamber of c3h/he mice and compared with that following corneal inoculation. ctl activity in cervical lymph nodes was suppressed during the 14 days after the inoculation, while that in the spleen increased 2 days earlier compared with the activity after corneal inoculation. the difference between the peaks of ctl activity after inoculation via each route was n ... | 1994 | 7845649 |
| [in vivo observations and electron microscopy in the treatment of experimental hsv keratitis with monoclonal antibodies]. | in vivo observations and electron microscopy showed that topical use of anti-hsv monoclonal glycoprotein antibodies produced marked antiviral effects in inhibiting the development of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits and in protecting the susceptible corneal cells. as a new biological product, the anti-hsv monoclonal antibodies may provide a new approach to the treatment of hsv keratitis. | 1994 | 7843007 |
| synthesis, properties, and pharmacokinetic studies of n2-phenylguanine derivatives as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinases. | two series of selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1,2) thymidine kinases (tk) have been developed as potential treatment of recurrent virus infections. among compounds related to the potent base analog n2-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]guanine (mcf3-pg), none was a more potent inhibitor than mcf3pg itself. compounds related to the nucleoside n2-phenyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (phdg), but with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and related substituents at the 9-position in place of the glycosyl ... | 1995 | 7837239 |
| transneuronal labelling of cns neurons with herpes simplex virus. | 1994 | 7831471 |