Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| virological surveillance of influenza-like illness in the community using pcr and serology. | surveillance of winter respiratory viral illness has been carried out for nearly 30 years using a clinical diagnosis by general practitioners as part of the scottish sentinel general practice (ssgp) network. contemparaneous laboratory diagnosis has not been available previously. | 2004 | 15288612 |
| vbeta14(+) t cells mediate the vaccine-enhanced disease induced by immunization with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein but not with formalin-inactivated rsv. | mice immunized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein or with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) exhibit severe disease following rsv challenge. this results in type 2 cytokine production and pulmonary eosinophilia, both hallmarks of vaccine-enhanced disease. rsv g-induced t-cell responses were shown to be restricted to cd4(+) t cells expressing vbeta14 in the t-cell receptor (tcr), and the deletion of these t cells resulted in less severe disease. we therefore examined the role of ... | 2004 | 15280483 |
| characterization of recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses with the region responsible for type 2 t-cell responses and pulmonary eosinophilia deleted from the attachment (g) protein. | it is essential that preventative vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicit balanced t-cell responses. immune responses dominated by type 2 t cells against rsv antigens are believed to cause exaggerated respiratory tract disease and may also contribute to unwanted inflammation in the airways that predisposes infants to wheeze through adolescence. here we report on the construction and characterization of recombinant rsv (rrsv) strains with amino acids 151 to 221 or 178 to 219 of the ... | 2004 | 15280453 |
| innate immune responses in respiratory syncytial virus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral respiratory pathogen of early life. studies of the immune response in general (and the innate response in particular) to this agent are of interest for a number of reasons. first, severe forms of illness may be a result of enhanced immunologic responsiveness to viral constituents at the time of infection. secondly, the immune response to rsv may consist principally of innate immune responses at the time of maximum severity of illness. ... | 2004 | 15279701 |
| pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is recognized as the most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide causing repeat infections throughout life with serious complications occurring in the elderly and immune compromised patient. the level of disease pathogenesis associated with rsv infection is balanced between virus elimination and the nature of the immune response to infection. the innate and adaptive immune responses to rsv infection are ... | 2004 | 15279697 |
| the role of ribavirin in the combination therapy of hepatitis c virus infection. | ribavirin is a very broad-spectrum anti-viral agent used clinically to treat infections by lassa fever virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and, in combination with interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha), hepatitis c virus (hcv). although it was originally synthesized over 30 years ago, the precise mechanisms of its therapeutic activities are still not fully understood. ribavirin was shown to possess both direct and indirect action mechanisms against several dna and rna viruses. these include direct i ... | 2004 | 15279547 |
| methods for evaluating and developing commercial chicken strains free of endogenous subgroup e avian leukosis virus. | the genome of nearly all chickens contains various dna proviral insertions of retroviruses of subgroup e avian leukosis virus (alve). however, the elimination or control of alve gene expression is desirable to improve productivity, to improve resistance to avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced tumours, and to develop safer live virus vaccines in chick embryos and cultured chick cells. restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction methods are used to define the presence of a ... | 2004 | 15276994 |
| human cd8(+) t cell responses against five newly identified respiratory syncytial virus-derived epitopes. | cd8(+) t lymphocytes play a major role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. to be able to study the primary ctl response in rsv-infected children, epitopes presented by a set of commonly used hla alleles (hla-a1, -a3, -b44 and -b51) were searched for. five epitopes were characterized derived from the matrix (m), non-structural (ns2) and second matrix (m2) proteins of rsv. all epitopes were shown to be processed and presented by rsv-infected antigen-presenting cells. ... | 2004 | 15269378 |
| glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children. | systemic glucocorticoids have been widely prescribed for use in infants and young children with acute viral bronchiolitis but the actual benefit of this intervention requires clarification. | 2004 | 15266547 |
| anticancer and antiviral activities of youngia japonica (l.) dc (asteraceae, compositae). | aqueous and ethanol extracts of youngia japonica (also known as oriental hawksbeard) were tested in vitro for anti-tumor activity against three cell lines, human promyelocytic leukaemia (hl-60), human myelogenous leukaemia (chronic k-562) and mouse sarcoma 180 (s-180), and for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a virus (flu a) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) by cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay. hot water extract of youngia japonica inhibited ce ... | 2004 | 15261971 |
| [epidemiology and diagnosis of respiratory syncitial virus in adults]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is rarely searched for in respiratory infections in adults. this study assessed its frequency and diagnosis. | 2004 | 15260036 |
| nosocomial outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup b variants with the 60 nucleotides-duplicated g protein gene. | in january 2001, 20 children among 40 residents under 2 years old at a nursery home in sapporo, japan had respiratory symptoms and were confirmed as having respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection by a conventional diagnostic kit. nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from four rsv-positive patients and total rna was extracted directly from the specimens for the analysis of rsv grouping and genotyping. all four rsv strains had the same g protein gene sequence of subgroup b and were assigned ... | 2004 | 15258983 |
| activation of cytokines and nf-kappa b in corneal epithelial cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus: potential relevance in ocular inflammation and respiratory infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection, claiming millions of lives annually. the virus infects various cells of the respiratory tract as well as resident inflammatory cells such as macrophages. infection activates a variety of cellular factors such as cytokines and the pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nf-kappa b, all of which are important players in the respiratory disease. however, the exact natural route of rsv infection and its etiology ... | 2004 | 15256003 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by rhoa-derived peptides: implications for the development of improved antiviral agents targeting heparin-binding viruses. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion glycoprotein (f) can interact with the small intracellular gtpase rhoa, and peptides derived from rhoa inhibit rsv replication. these observations initially suggested that rhoa-derived peptides might inhibit rsv replication by disrupting an in vivo interaction between rsv f and rhoa. however, recent data indicate that the antiviral activity of rhoa-derived peptides is not due to competitive inhibition of an hypothesized f-rhoa interaction, but is rath ... | 2004 | 15254023 |
| two regions promote u11 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle binding to a retroviral splicing inhibitor element (negative regulator of splicing). | the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) negative regulator of splicing (nrs) is an rna element that represses splicing and promotes polyadenylation of viral rna. the nrs acts as a pseudo 5' splice site (ss), and serine-arginine (sr) proteins, u1snrnp, and u6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snrnps) are implicated in its function. the nrs also efficiently binds u11 snrnp of the u12-dependent splicing pathway, which is interesting, because u11 binds only poorly to authentic substrates that lack a u12-type 3 ... | 2004 | 15252020 |
| respiratory syncytial virus causes increased bronchial epithelial permeability. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced diseases are mediated through active cytokines released during infection. we hypothesized that rsv infection causes bronchial epithelial monolayer permeability in vitro via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). | 2004 | 15249461 |
| characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus-related apnoea in three infants. | apnoea is a common sign in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in young infants and can be the first presentation of an acquired rsv infection. we describe polysomnographic recordings of three infants revealing prolonged rsv-related apnoea before rsv infection was diagnosed. the apnoeas were of central origin. the caregivers had not noted any apparent life-threatening events (alte) prior to the polysomnography. cardiorespiratory monitoring after the acute infection did not reveal any fu ... | 2004 | 15244239 |
| evaluation of the binax now, bd directigen, and bd directigen ez assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | the binax now assay (binax, inc., portland, maine) and the bd directigen ez assay (becton dickinson and company, sparks, md.), two new rapid immunoassays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), as well as the bd directigen rsv assay (drsv) (becton dickinson and company) and direct immunofluorescence staining (dfa) were compared with culture for detection of rsv in fresh specimens from both children and adults during the 2002-2003 respiratory virus season. the majority (95%) of specim ... | 2004 | 15243050 |
| mannan-binding lectin and rsv lower respiratory tract infection leading to hospitalization in children: a case-control study from soweto, south africa. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important microbiological cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants. mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is believed to play a major protective role in the vulnerable period in infancy where the maternal antibodies have been catabolized, and the adaptive immune system has not yet matured. mutations in the promoter region and in exon 1 of the gene-encoding mbl result in low serum levels of mbl. mbl deficiency is the most common immunodefici ... | 2004 | 15238088 |
| rsv outbreak in a paediatric intensive care unit. | the royal liverpool children's hospital-alder hey paediatric intensive care unit (picu) usually has a low rate of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we report and analyse a major outbreak of nosocomial (acquired) rsv infection on the picu during a rsv season. all children admitted to the picu were studied during the six-month winter period 1 october 2002 to 31 march 2002. nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested using an in vitro enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) membrane test f ... | 2004 | 15236847 |
| retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and expression of egfp in chicken. | here, we successfully demonstrate expression of the egfp (enhanced green fluorescence protein) gene in chickens using replication-defective mlv (murine leukemia virus)-based retrovirus vectors encapsidated with vsv-g (vesicular stomatitis virus g glycoprotein). the recombinant retrovirus was injected beneath the blastoderm of non-incubated chicken embryos (stage x). after 12 days incubation, all of the eight living embryos assayed were found to express this vector-encoded egfp gene, which was un ... | 2004 | 15236326 |
| a simplified plaque assay for respiratory syncytial virus--direct visualization of plaques without immunostaining. | due to their generally small size, detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) plaques commonly relies on immunostaining using either polyclonal antisera or a pool of monoclonal antibodies against the surface fusion glycoprotein. disadvantages include the costs of the antibodies and substrate, and microscopic examination is often needed for counting of plaques. by optimizing many parameters, greatly improved plaque assays for rsv a2, long and rsv b 18537 strains using vero or hep-2 cells have ... | 2004 | 15234816 |
| development of a quantitative taqman rt-pcr for respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a ubiquitous rna virus of the family paramyxoviridae that may interfere with graft tolerance and with other interstitial lung diseases. the low viral titre observed in the immunodeficient transplanted patients requires a highly sensitive detection method. although different tests already exist for the detection of rsv, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been shown to have the best sensitivity. in this study, a sybr green assay was es ... | 2004 | 15234808 |
| elevated levels of soluble adhesion molecules in sera of patients with acute bronchiolitis. | the mechanisms of migration of neutrophils into the airway lumen are crucial in the development of airway injury of acute bronchiolitis and are mediated by adhesion molecules. in this study, we have attempted to evaluate the role of serum concentrations of the soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sicam-1) in the disease activity in acute bronchiolitis and in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. circulating levels of sicam-1 in sera from 10 normal control subjects, and from ... | 2004 | 15221034 |
| a novel protein expression strategy using recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv): modifications of the peptide sequence between the two furin cleavage sites of the brsv fusion protein yield secreted proteins, but affect processing and function of the brsv fusion protein. | the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) fusion (f) protein is cleaved at two furin cleavage sites, which results in generation of the disulfide-linked f(1) and f(2) subunits and release of an intervening peptide of 27 aa (pep27). a series of mutated open reading frames encoding f proteins that lacked the entire pep27, that contained an arbitrarily chosen 23 aa sequence instead of pep27 or in which pep27 was replaced by the amino acid sequences for the bovine cytokines interleukin 2 (boil2) ... | 2004 | 15218165 |
| humoral and mucosal immunity in protection from natural respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | virus-specific nasal immunoglobulin (ig) a and serum antibody titers in 67 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected adults were compared with titers in age-matched uninfected control subjects. control subjects had significantly higher levels of nasal iga and serum igg to the rsv f, ga, and gb proteins than infected subjects. serum neutralizing-antibody titers to group a and b rsv strains were also lower in infected subjects, although differences were not as large. multivariate analysis found t ... | 2004 | 15216475 |
| oral efficacy of a respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor in rodent models of infection. | bms-433771 is a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication in vitro. mechanism of action studies have demonstrated that bms-433771 halts virus entry through inhibition of f protein-mediated membrane fusion. bms-433771 also exhibited in vivo efficacy following oral administration in a mouse model of rsv infection (c. cianci, k. y. yu, k. combrink, n. sin, b. pearce, a. wang, r. civiello, s. voss, g. luo, k. kadow, e. genovesi, b. venables, h. gulgeze, a. trehan, j. james, l ... | 2004 | 15215093 |
| respiratory morbidity 20 years after rsv infection in infancy. | epidemiological data suggest that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early life is a risk factor for later asthma. there are no prospective studies on rsv infection starting from infancy progressing through childhood into adulthood. we followed up a cohort of children, hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis or rsv pneumonia before age 24 months, until age 18-20 years. the aim of the study was to evaluate early rsv infection as a risk factor for asthma, bronchial reactivity, and lung func ... | 2004 | 15211700 |
| mechanisms of illness during respiratory syncytial virus infection: the lungs, the virus and the immune response. | multiple factors, including cardiopulmonary anatomy, direct viral effects and the immune response can affect the severity of lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv is the most frequent viral respiratory cause of hospitalization in infants and young children in the world. in this review, we discuss the mechanisms of illness associated with severe rsv lower respiratory tract disease. a better understanding of the factors affecting the course of illness and ... | 2004 | 15207824 |
| respiratory picornaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus as causative agents of acute expiratory wheezing in children. | we studied the viral etiology of acute expiratory wheezing (bronchiolitis, acute asthma) in 293 hospitalized children in a 2-year prospective study in finland. a potential causative viral agent was detected in 88% of the cases. eleven different viruses were represented. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (27%), enteroviruses (25%), rhinovirus (24%), and nontypable rhino/enterovirus (16%) were found most frequently. in infants, rsv was found in 54% and respiratory picornaviruses (rhinovirus and en ... | 2004 | 15207063 |
| human metapneumovirus infection among children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. | recent studies have associated human metapneu-movirus (hmpv) infection in children with respiratory disease of similar severity as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we studied 668 banked swab specimens (one per admission) collected from a population-based, prospective study of acute respiratory illness among inpatient children from two u.s. cities. specimens were tested for hmpv, rsv, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. twent ... | 2004 | 15200863 |
| seroprevalence of anti-rsv igg in thai children aged 6 months to 5 years. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection during infancy and early childhood worldwide including thailand. the magnitude as well as the intensity of both infection and host response to the rsv infection determine the severity of disease. to determine the presence of anti-rsv igg in children of different age groups, 124 serum samples were randomly collected from healthy children aged 6 months to 5 years. all of them were assayed for ... | 2003 | 15198345 |
| mothers may transmit rsv infection more easily or severely to sons than daughters: community study from guinea-bissau. | opposite gender transmission may increase the severity of certain infections. if infections transmitted from mother to son were more severe than from mother to daughter this might explain severe diseases among boys, particularly in small families with few individuals contributing to transmission. among children from guinea-bissau, we tested whether mothers with recent respiratory syncytial virus exposure (positive igm and iga antibody responses) were more likely to have male than female children ... | 2004 | 15198187 |
| expression of ctla-4 (cd152) in peripheral blood t cells of children with influenza virus infection including encephalopathy in comparison with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most common causes of acute severe respiratory infection in children during the winter. there have been few reports about peripheral blood t cell activation in vivo in influenza virus infection and conflicting results concerning peripheral blood t cells activation in rsv infection. cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (ctla-4, cd152) is a receptor present on t cells that plays a critical role in the down-regulation of antigen-a ... | 2004 | 15196256 |
| decreased interferon-gamma response in respiratory syncytial virus compared to other respiratory viral infections in infants. | an inappropriate interferon-gamma response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract illness (lrti). to assess whether this is unique for rsv primary lrti compared to a first non-rsv lrti, intracellular interferon-gamma was determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 infants with a primary rsv infection, 28 with a first non-rsv lrti due to adenoviral, parainfluenzaviral and rhinoviral infection and 1 ... | 2004 | 15196255 |
| lymphocyte apoptosis in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may have an effect on the development of t cell memory responses. rsv bronchiolitis in infants is associated with a transient decline in circulating lymphocytes. we hypothesized that the mechanism underlying this lymphopenia is apoptosis. blood was taken from 32 infants during primary rsv bronchiolitis and three months later. using flow cytometry, we found that absolute numbers of both cd3+/cd4+ t-helper lymphocytes (p = 0.029) and cd3+/cd8+ cytotoxic ... | 2004 | 15196254 |
| [qtl analysis for rice stripe disease resistance gene using recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from crossing of kinmaze and dv85]. | rice stripe disease transmitted by small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fall.) is one of the most serious viral diseases in east asia. the disease is severely epidemic in most rice growing areas where the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to rice stripe virus. in this research, a recombinant inbred lines (rils) population of 81 lines derived from a cross of kinmaze (japonica)/dv85(indica) by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait lo ... | 2004 | 15195569 |
| anticipated costs of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children at risk. | reliable estimates of hospitalization costs for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are necessary to perform economic analyses of preventive strategies of severe rsv disease. we aimed to develop a model that predicts anticipated mean rsv hospitalization costs of groups of young children at risk for hospitalization, but not yet hospitalized, based on readily available child characteristics. | 2004 | 15194833 |
| an assessment of different dna delivery systems for protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the murine model: gene-gun delivery induces igg in the lung. | immunization with plasmid dna (pdna) has the potential to overcome the difficulties of neonatal vaccination that may be required for protection against infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); however, little is known about optimal delivery modalities. in this pilot study we compared mucosal delivery of pdna encoding rsv f protein encapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) with delivery of pdna by gene-gun for the induction of immunity in mice. intra-gastric or intra-nasal immunizati ... | 2004 | 15193407 |
| soluble cd14 as a predictor of subsequent development of recurrent wheezing in hospitalized young children with respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy that causes severe bronchiolitis had been implicated as potentially responsible for the subsequent development of asthma. the cd14 receptor responds to the microbial burden in the environment and modulates the development of the allergic phenotype. | 2004 | 15191023 |
| respiratory viruses detected in hospitalised paediatric patients with respiratory infections. | over 200 strains of respiratory viruses cause a variety of human infections ranging from common cold to life-threatening pneumonia. respiratory viruses implicated in this study are respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv), adenovirus, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses. the objective of this study is to determine the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in paediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection. the methods used were direct antigen detection method, shell vial culture meth ... | 2003 | 15190654 |
| [clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis caused by human metapneumovirus in infants]. | the fact that the acute lower respiratory infections (alri) are associated with a newly discovered virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), has been shown in several studies. the authors conducted this study to understand the etiological and clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis, one of the most common alri in infants, caused by hmpv. | 2004 | 15189701 |
| aetiology of acute pharyngitis: the role of atypical bacteria. | in order to establish the role of atypical bacteria and compare characteristics of different infectious agents in acute pharyngitis, 127 patients with acute pharyngitis (66 males; median age, 5.33 years; range, 6 months to 14 years) and 130 healthy subjects of similar sex and age were studied. serology with paired samples and pcr on nasopharyngeal aspirates and throat cultures were used to identify bacteria and viruses. viruses were identified in 43 patients (33.8%) and five controls (3.8%; p < ... | 2004 | 15184536 |
| population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses (piv) cause significant morbidity in young children. although only influenza virus infection and illness is currently vaccine-preventable, vaccines are under development for rsv and piv. we established a prospective, active population-based surveillance network to provide precise estimates of hospitalization rates for viral acute respiratory illness (ari) in young children and to measure the potential impact of enhance ... | 2004 | 15173503 |
| risk of serious bacterial infection in young febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | the evaluation of young febrile infants is controversial, in part because it is unclear whether clinical evidence of a viral infection significantly reduces the risk of serious bacterial infections (sbis). specifically, it remains unclear whether the risk of sbi is altered in a meaningful way in the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2004 | 15173498 |
| human metapneumovirus infection in hospital referred south african children. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was first described in dutch children with acute respiratory symptoms. a prospective analysis of the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and seroprevalence of hmpv and other respiratory viruses in south african children referred to hospital for upper or lower respiratory tract infection were carried out during a single winter season, by using rt-pcr, viral culture, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 137 children, hmpv was detec ... | 2004 | 15170647 |
| palivizumab: a review of its use as prophylaxis for serious respiratory syncytial virus infection. | palivizumab (synagi) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that provides immunoprophylaxis against serious lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv is the leading cause of hospitalization for lrtis in infants, causing winter- or wet-season epidemics. in two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, intramuscular palivizumab 15 mg/kg every 30 days for 5 months significantly reduced rsv-related hospitalizations by 55% in 1502 infants with prematurity ... | 2004 | 15170364 |
| enhanced virulence, airway inflammation and impaired lung function induced by respiratory syncytial virus deficient in secreted g protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma exacerbations. in mice it results in airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. since viral factors influencing these responses are not well defined, a study was undertaken to investigate the role of secreted g protein of human rsv in determining virulence, inflammatory responses, and changes in lung function. | 2004 | 15170038 |
| seasonality of long term wheezing following respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. | it is well known that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is associated with subsequent wheezing episodes, but the precise natural course of wheezing following rsv lrti is not known. this study aimed to determine the continuous development of wheezing following rsv lrti in children up to the age of 3 years. | 2004 | 15170037 |
| potent inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by combination treatment with 2-5a antisense and ribavirin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory diseases in infants, young children, and the elderly. ribavirin, the only currently approved drug for the treatment of rsv infections in the u.s., requires high doses to be effective. therefore, it has only a limited clinical efficacy in the treatment of rsv infections. it has been shown that a cellular ribonuclease, rnase l, can be recruited by 2'-5' linked tetra-adenylates (2-5a) attached to an antisense sequence complemen ... | 2004 | 15168801 |
| isolation and characterization of nmso3-resistant mutants of respiratory syncytial virus. | we obtained two mutant strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) which showed resistance against nmso3 after 15 and 33 passages, respectively, in hep-2 cells in the presence of 6.8 microm of nmso3. the ec50 values of nmso3 for the resistant virus strains were 0.48 and 0.93 microm, that is 4.8-9.3 times higher than that of the parent strain (ec50 = 0.1 microm). the most resistant strain also showed resistance against heparin but was sensitive to dextran sulfate and a polyoxotungstate, pm-523. ... | 2004 | 15168797 |
| biochemical characterization of the respiratory syncytial virus p-p and p-n protein complexes and localization of the p protein oligomerization domain. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase complex of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is composed of the large polymerase (l), the phosphoprotein (p), the nucleocapsid protein (n) and the co-factors m2-1 and m2-2. the p protein plays a central role within the replicase-transcriptase machinery, forming homo-oligomers and complexes with n and l. in order to study p-p and n-p complexes, and the role of p phosphorylation in these interactions, the human rsv p and n proteins were expressed in e. coli as his- ... | 2004 | 15166449 |
| vaccination of infant macaques with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara expressing the respiratory syncytial virus f and g genes does not predispose for immunopathology. | we have evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) vector expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) and attachment (g) proteins in infant macaques. animals were vaccinated twice and 4 months later challenged with rsv. although vaccination did not predispose for immunopathology upon challenge, we were also unable to demonstrate protection. since vaccination had resulted in priming for secondary immune responses upon challenge, w ... | 2004 | 15161069 |
| evaluation of bbg2na in infant macaques: specific immune responses after vaccination and rsv challenge. | we have addressed the safety of alum-adsorbed bbg2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subunit vaccine, in infant macaques. animals received two vaccinations, and were challenged 4 months later with rsv. in two of four bbg2na-vaccinated animals, specific il-13 producing t cells were detected. upon challenge, low level pulmonary eosinophilia was observed in the same two animals. although the levels of these responses were substantially lower than those observed in the fi-rsv contro ... | 2004 | 15161068 |
| lower respiratory tract illness and rsv prophylaxis in very premature infants. | to determine the frequency of and the risk factors for readmissions for any lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) and for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) documented lrti in children born very prematurely who had or had not received rsv prophylaxis. | 2004 | 15155404 |
| selection of functional mutations in the u5-ir stem and loop regions of the rous sarcoma virus genome. | the 5' end of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) rna around the primer-binding site forms a series of rna secondary stem/loop structures (u5-ir stem, tpsic interaction region, u5-leader stem) that are required for efficient initiation of reverse transcription. the u5-ir stem and loop also encode the u5 integrase (in) recognition sequence at the level of dna such that this region has overlapping biological functions in reverse transcription and integration. | 2004 | 15153244 |
| pulmonary delivery of respiratory syncytial virus dna vaccines using macroaggregated albumin particles. | at present there is no safe and effective vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). dna vaccines encoding rsv surface glycoproteins are one option being examined. current methods to deliver dna vaccines generally require repeated high dose intramuscular or intradermal administration for effectiveness. in this study, we examine the efficacy of pulmonary dna vaccination using low dose dna vaccines encoding the rsv f glycoprotein conjugated to macroaggregated albumin (maa-f). single vaccinatio ... | 2004 | 15149784 |
| genetic predisposition to wheeze following respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the nature of the association between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing remains unknown. in a previous study, we showed that genetic variation in the il-8-promoter region is associated with susceptibility to severe bronchiolitis. | 2004 | 15144474 |
| association between common toll-like receptor 4 mutations and severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. | the clinical spectrum of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in previously healthy infants is extremely variable. thus, it is likely that factors such as genetic heterogeneity contribute to disease severity. toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) and cd14 are part of a receptor complex involved in the innate immune response to rsv. | 2004 | 15143473 |
| differential production of inflammatory cytokines in primary infection with human metapneumovirus and with other common respiratory viruses of infancy. | viral respiratory infections are the most frequent cause of hospital admission for infants and young children during winter. however, the mechanisms of illness that are associated with viral lower-respiratory-tract infection (lri) are unclear. a widely accepted hypothesis attributes the pathogenesis of viral lri in infants to the induction of innate inflammatory responses. this theory is supported by studies showing that toll-like receptor 4 is activated by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), lea ... | 2004 | 15143472 |
| recombinant sendai virus expressing the g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicits immune protection against rsv. | although rsv causes serious pediatric respiratory disease, an effective vaccine does not exist. to capture the strengths of a live virus vaccine, we have used the murine parainfluenza virus type 1 (sendai virus [sv]) as a xenogeneic vector to deliver the g glycoprotein of rsv. it was previously shown (j. l. hurwitz, k. f. soike, m. y. sangster, a. portner, r. e. sealy, d. h. dawson, and c. coleclough, vaccine 15:533-540, 1997) that intranasal sv protected african green monkeys from challenge wit ... | 2004 | 15141002 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein is not necessary for vaccine-enhanced disease induced by immunization with formalin-inactivated rsv. | following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge, mice immunized with rsv g or with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) exhibit severe disease associated with type 2 cytokine production and pulmonary eosinophilia. this has led to the proposal that the presence of rsv g is the factor in fi-rsv that induces disease-enhancing t-cell responses. therefore, we evaluated the role of rsv g and its immunodominant region in the induction of aberrant immune responses during fi-rsv immunization. balb/c m ... | 2004 | 15141000 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses lacking the c-terminal third of the attachment (g) protein are immunogenic and attenuated in vivo and in vitro. | the design of attenuated vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) historically focused on viruses made sensitive to physiologic temperature through point mutations in the genome. these prototype vaccines were not suitable for human infants primarily because of insufficient attenuation, genetic instability, and reversion to a less-attenuated phenotype. we therefore sought to construct novel attenuated viruses with less potential for reversion through genetic alteration of the attachment g p ... | 2004 | 15140975 |
| human metapneumovirus as a causative agent of acute bronchiolitis in infants. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), has been recently isolated from children with acute respiratory tract infections (rtis), including bronchiolitis, and classified in the pneumovirinae subfamily within the paramyxoviridae family. | 2004 | 15135747 |
| [the anti-respiratory syncytial virus effect of an active compound (ap3) from a chinese medicinal herb-herba patriniae in vitro]. | to study the effect on anti-respiratory syncytial virus of an active compound (ap3) from a chinese medicinal herb-herba patriniae in vitro. | 2004 | 15132871 |
| driscoll children's hospital respiratory syncytial virus database: risk factors, treatment and hospital course in 3308 infants and young children, 1991 to 2002. | treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection has historically been one of the most frequent reasons for admission to driscoll children's hospital. | 2004 | 15131464 |
| impact of wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus infection on health-related quality of life. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is often followed by recurrent wheezing episodes during childhood. the effect of postbronchiolitis wheezing on the well-being of the child is not known. this study aimed to determine the impact of rsv lrti hospitalization before age 13 months on health-related quality of life (hrqol) at age 3 years. | 2004 | 15131463 |
| genetic variability and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a strains in japan determined by heteroduplex mobility assay. | we used heteroduplex mobility assay (hma) to determine the genetic variability of 118 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) field isolates from 19 epidemics occurring in a japanese urban area between 1980 and 2000. nucleotides 1 to 584 of the attachment g glycoprotein gene were amplified by reverse transcription-pcr, and the pcr amplicons were analyzed by hma by using the earliest isolate from 1980 as the reference throughout. we also performed pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) ana ... | 2004 | 15131169 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in allergic lung inflammation increases muc5ac and gob-5. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with wheezing and childhood asthma. we previously reported that rsv infection prolongs methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin (ova)-sensitized mice. in addition, allergically sensitized rsv-infected (ova/rsv) mice had more abundant airway epithelial mucus production compared with ova mice 14 days after infection, whereas there was almost no mucus in mice that were only rsv infected. we hypothesized that this increased mucus wa ... | 2004 | 15130904 |
| evaluation of a multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr elisa for the detection of nine respiratory tract pathogens. | a multiplex reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction combined with a microwell hybridization assay (m-rt-pcr-elisa) was previously developed to detect nine different microorganisms: enterovirus (ev), influenza virus type a (iva) and type b (ivb), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenzavirus type 1 (piv1) and type 3 (piv3), adenovirus (av), mycoplasma pneumoniae (mpn), chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) in a single test. these organisms do not usually colonize the respiratory tract o ... | 2004 | 15125873 |
| antiviral drugs in current clinical use. | the current armamentarium for the chemotherapy of viral infections consists of 37 licensed antiviral drugs. for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections, 19 compounds have been formally approved: (i) the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis) zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir and emtricitabine; (ii) the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (ntrti) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; (iii) the non-nucleoside reverse transcript ... | 2004 | 15125867 |
| new drugs and treatment for respiratory syncytial virus. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a global health problem affecting infants and the elderly and claiming more lives than aids in many parts of the world. only two antibody drugs are approved for its prevention, and ribavarin, a relatively nonspecific antiviral, is used for treatment. in the mid-1990s, a number of pharmaceutical and biotech companies initiated research programs against rsv. together, the academic and the industrial r&d covered the whole spectrum of antibodies, vaccines, sy ... | 2004 | 15124232 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection with the cc chemokine rantes (ccl5). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract disease in infants, aged adults, and immunosuppressed patients. the only approved medicines for rsv disease are administration of prophylatic antibodies or treatment with a synthetic nucleoside. both approaches are expensive and the latter is not without risk and of controversial benefit. the present investigation studied whether pharmaceutical or biologic compounds based upon chemokines might be useful in preventing rsv dis ... | 2004 | 15122808 |
| age related differences in humoral immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | the humoral immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was investigated in old and young adults. rsv was identified by culture and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in 52 elderly (mean age 74 years) and 15 young adults (mean age 33 years) with respiratory illness. preinfection serum neutralizing and binding antibody levels were similar in the two age groups, although older persons had significantly greater serum neutralizing responses to group a rsv (log(2) 2. ... | 2004 | 15122807 |
| production of interferon gamma in respiratory syncytial virus infection of humans is not associated with interleukins 12 and 18. | in order to understand early events in the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we studied the presence of various chemokines and cytokines in respiratory secretions of human infants with rsv infection. interferon gamma (ifngamma) was present in 30/39 (76.9%) subjects tested, but the ifngamma-inducing cytokines interleukin (il)12 and il18 were detectable in 6/40 (15%) and 11/38 (28.9%) subjects, respectively. quantities of il12 and il18 did not correlate with those of ... | 2004 | 15122806 |
| timing of infection and prior immunization with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in rsv-enhanced allergic inflammation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of allergy in humans and mice. the allergy-enhancing properties of rsv may be dependent on atopic background and an individual's history of rsv infection. we examined the influence of the timing of infection and prior inoculation with rsv in a mouse model of allergic asthma. mice were sensitized to and challenged with ovalbumin (ova) and were inoculated with rsv either before or during the sensitiz ... | 2004 | 15122523 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces pneumonia, cytokine response, airway obstruction, and chronic inflammatory infiltrates associated with long-term airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with acute morbidity (e.g., pneumonia and airway obstruction [ao]) and long-term complications (e.g., airway hyperresponsiveness [ahr]). we present a comprehensive evaluation of the acute and chronic phases of rsv respiratory tract infection, using a mouse model. | 2004 | 15122522 |
| optimizing long-term care by administration of influenza vaccine to parents of nicu patients. | the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) team has traditionally invested itself in maintaining the health of its patients upon discharge from high-acuity care. historically, this has included the administration of vaccinations to the patients and more recently, palivizumab--a monoclonal antibody directed against respiratory synctial virus (rsv). with increasing awareness of the ill-effects associated with influenza virus and recommendations those in close contact with high-risk infants receive th ... | 2004 | 15116124 |
| unspliced rous sarcoma virus genomic rnas are translated and subjected to nonsense-mediated mrna decay before packaging. | retroviruses package full-length, unspliced rnas into progeny virions as dimerized rna genomes. they also use unspliced rnas as mrnas to produce the gag and pol gene products. we asked whether a single rous sarcoma virus (rsv) rna can be translated and subsequently packaged or whether genomic packaging requires a nontranslated population of rnas. we addressed this issue by utilizing the translation-dependent nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) pathway. nmd is the selective destruction of mrnas be ... | 2004 | 15113896 |
| rhoa-derived peptide dimers share mechanistic properties with other polyanionic inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), including disruption of viral attachment and dependence on rsv g. | large polyanionic molecules, such as sulfated polysaccharides (including soluble heparin and dextran sulfate), synthetic polyanionic polymers, and negatively charged proteins, have been shown to broadly inhibit several enveloped viruses. we recently reported the antiviral activity of a peptide derived from amino acids 77 to 95 of a potential binding partner of respiratory syncytial virus f protein (rsv f), the gtpase rhoa. a subsequent study with a truncated peptide (amino acids 80 to 94) reveal ... | 2004 | 15113882 |
| influenza a common viral infection among hajj pilgrims: time for routine surveillance and vaccination. | the annual hajj pilgrimage to mecca, saudi arabia brings over two million people to a small confined area. respiratory tract infection is the most common disease transmitted during this period. for most of the etiologic agents of upper respiratory tract infections, no vaccine or prophylaxis is available, except for influenza. yearly influenza vaccination of high-risk groups is recommended, but no special recommendations are available for those performing the hajj or other similar large congregat ... | 2004 | 15109471 |
| major histocompatibility (b) complex control of responses against rous sarcomas. | the chicken major histocompatibility (b) complex (mhc) affects disease outcome significantly. one of the best characterized systems of mhc control is the response to the oncogenic retrovirus, rous sarcoma virus (rsv). genetic selection altered the tumor growth pattern, either regressively or progressively, with the data suggesting control by one or a few loci. particular mhc genotypes determine rsv tumor regression or progression indicating the crucial b complex role in rous sarcoma outcome. ana ... | 2004 | 15109061 |
| comparison of clinical characteristics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalised children and adolescents. | while significant morbidity due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the paediatric population has been well acknowledged, little is known about the burden of influenza in primarily healthy children in europe. in our institution, a university children's hospital in switzerland, medical staff were encouraged to take nasopharyngeal specimens for multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays for influenza a and b, rsv and several other pathogens from patients hospitalised with respiratory ... | 2004 | 15106003 |
| the small hydrophobic (sh) protein accumulates within lipid-raft structures of the golgi complex during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the cellular distribution of the small hydrophobic (sh) protein in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected cells was examined. although the sh protein was distributed throughout the cytoplasm, it appeared to accumulate in the golgi complex within membrane structures that were enriched in the raft lipid, gm1. the ability of the sh protein to interact with lipid-raft membranes was further confirmed by examining its detergent-solubility properties in triton x-100 at 4 degrees c. this analysis sh ... | 2004 | 15105532 |
| anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) neutralizing antibody decreases lung inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine rsv model. | numerous studies have described a strong association between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy and the development of recurrent wheezing and airway hyperresponsiveness. we evaluated the effect of an anti-rsv neutralizing monoclonal antibody (palivizumab) on different aspects of rsv disease by using a murine model. balb/c mice were intranasally inoculated with rsv a2. palivizumab or an isotype-matched control antibody was administered once at 24 h before inoculation, 1 h afte ... | 2004 | 15105140 |
| efficacy of novel hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors bcx 2798 and bcx 2855 against human parainfluenza viruses in vitro and in vivo. | human parainfluenza viruses are important respiratory tract pathogens, especially of children. however, no vaccines or specific therapies for infections caused by these viruses are currently available. in the present study we characterized the efficacy of the novel parainfluenza virus inhibitors bcx 2798 and bcx 2855, which were designed based on the three-dimensional structure of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein. the compounds were highly effective in inhibiting hemagglutinin (ha) a ... | 2004 | 15105096 |
| antiviral flavonoids from the seeds of aesculus chinensis. | a bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the seeds of aesculus chinensis led to the isolation of two new flavanoids (1 and 2), along with eight known ones (3-10). the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2d nmr. all compounds were tested for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv 3), and influenza virus type a (flu a). compounds 1, 2, and 6 showed significant antiviral activities ... | 2004 | 15104496 |
| enhanced adherence of streptococcus pneumoniae to human epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | in the present study, we analyzed the effect of a preceding respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of human respiratory epithelial cells on the adherence of streptococcus pneumoniae tested by means of a cytometric fluorescence assay. adherence of clinically relevant pneumococcal serotypes 3, 9, 14, 18, 19, and 23 was studied using uninfected and rsv-infected monolayers. to this end, monolayers of both human nasopharyngeal cells (hep-2) and pneumocyte type ii cells (a549) were infected with ... | 2004 | 15103015 |
| a sensitive, specific, and cost-effective multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr assay for the detection of seven common respiratory viruses in respiratory samples. | cell culture and direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) assays have been traditionally used for the laboratory diagnosis of respiratory viral infections. multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (m-rt-pcr) is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for detecting several dna and rna viruses in a single specimen. we developed a m-rt-pcr assay that utilizes multiple virus-specific primer pairs in a single reaction mix combined with an enzyme-linked amplicon hybridization assay (elaha) u ... | 2004 | 15096568 |
| formation and characterization of spontaneously formed heterokaryons between quail myoblasts and 3t3-l1 preadipocytes: correlation between differential plasticity and degree of differentiation. | skeletal muscle cells and adipose cells have a close relationship in developmental lineage. our previous study has shown that the heterokaryons between quail myoblasts and undifferentiated 3t3-l1 cells (preadipocytes) normally differentiated into myotubes, whereas the heterokaryons between myoblasts and differentiated 3t3-l1 cells (adipocytes) failed myogenic differentiation. these results suggest differences between preadipocytes and adipocytes. the purpose of this study was to clarify whether ... | 2004 | 15085954 |
| increased in vivo transcription of an il-8 haplotype associated with respiratory syncytial virus disease-susceptibility. | interleukin-8 (il-8) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rsv-induced bronchiolitis. previously, we have described an association between bronchiolitis disease severity and a specific il-8 haplotype comprising six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) (-251a/+396g/+781t/+1238dela/+1633t/+2767t, haplotype 2). here we investigated the functional basis for this association by measuring haplotype-specific transcription in vivo in human primary cells. we found a significant increase in transcr ... | 2004 | 15085176 |
| development of a highly sensitive semi-quantitative real-time pcr and molecular beacon probe assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | molecular beacons are a novel class of oligonucleotide probe capable of reporting the accumulation of target amplicon during real-time pcr by the emission of a fluorescent signal. a novel assay for the detection and estimation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nucleic acid in clinical specimens based on real-time pcr utilising such a probe was developed. the probe consisted of two short arm sequences and a central loop sequence complementary to a region of the n gene (the target amplicon). th ... | 2004 | 15081605 |
| eosinophil activation and cysteinyl leukotriene production in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | it has been suggested that acute infantile bronchiolitis associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may share some pathogenic features with atopic asthma in that virus-specific ige is produced and cysteinyl leukotrienes (clts) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) have been detected in airway secretions. ecp is a specific marker of eosinophil activation although leukotrienes can be released from a variety of cells including mast cells, eosinophils and monocytes. | 2004 | 15080807 |
| importance of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in an african setting. | to define the importance of nosocomial-acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in an area with a high prevalence of paediatric hiv-1 infection. | 2004 | 15078268 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine production: linking viral replication to chemokine production in vitro and in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a negative-sense, single-strand rna virus that can initiate severe bronchiolitis in infants, as well as in elderly adults. although rsv preferentially infects and replicates in the airway epithelium, studies have shown that rsv has the ability to infect and, to a limited extent, replicate in alveolar macrophages. in the present study, we sought to characterize the rsv-induced chemokine production in vitro and in vivo, because chemokines have been shown to con ... | 2004 | 15073679 |
| surveillance of respiratory viral infections among pediatric outpatients in northern taiwan. | viruses are a frequent cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children. like taiwan, there were few virological surveillance systems for respiratory viral infections among children in developing countries. | 2004 | 15072759 |
| adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus-adenovirus mixed acute lower respiratory infections in chilean infants. | in chile respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus (ad) are the principal viruses detected in acute lower respiratory infections (alri) in infants. an overview of ad pneumonia in chile to detect annual trends and to compare the severity of single ad or mixed rsv-ad infections is presented. | 2004 | 15071289 |
| compliance with prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus infection in a home setting. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infancy and childhood. | 2004 | 15071285 |
| rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time pcr for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. | laboratory diagnosis of viral respiratory infections is generally performed by virus isolation in cell culture and immunofluorescent assays. reverse transcriptase pcr is now recognized as a sensitive and specific alternative for detection of respiratory rna viruses. a rapid real-time multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of influenza a and influenza b viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus 1 (piv1), piv2, piv3, and piv4 in a two-tube multiplex reactio ... | 2004 | 15071005 |
| retention of the developmental pluripotency in medaka embryonic stem cells after gene transfer and long-term drug selection for gene targeting in fish. | embryonic stem (es) cells provide a unique tool for introducing random or targeted genetic alterations, because it is possible that the desired, but extremely rare recombinant genotypes can be screened by drug selection. es cell-mediated transgenesis has so far been limited to the mouse. in the fish medaka (oryzias latipes) several es cell lines have been made available. here we report the optimized conditions for gene transfer and drug selection in the medaka es cell line mes1 as a prelude for ... | 2004 | 15070074 |