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[leukocytoclasic vasculitis and human immunodeficiency virus. 2 new cases]. 19902359963
[statement: the evaluation of the serodia-hiv and serodia-atla fujirebio-miles kits].a new test, based on agglutination of gelatin particles (pa), sensitized with viral antigens of hiv, was applied on detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv 1) antibody. sensitivity compared to the elisa tests (organon, dupond de nemours and/or elavia 2) was the same during the screening test (97.7 p. cent). specificity was also acceptable when compared to the same tests (94 p. cent). this specificity remains acceptable with african sera (96 p. cent). during screening, 11.8 p. cent of ...19902353752
a novel proviral clone of hiv-2: biological and phylogenetic relationship to other primate immunodeficiency viruses.infectious molecular clones of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) will be valuable tools for the study of regulatory gene functions and the development of an animal model for the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). to this end, we have cloned and sequenced a novel hiv-2 isolate, hiv-2ben. one clone, designated mk6, is infectious for various human t-cell lines and for human and macaque peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl), allowing molecular studies of hiv-2 infection and ...19902353457
human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus env proteins possess a functionally conserved assembly domain.the envelope (env) glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) form dimers shortly after synthesis. analysis of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) env protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus revealed that it, too, forms stable homodimers. when the hiv-1 and siv env proteins or the hiv-1 and hiv-2 env proteins were coexpressed in the same cells, heterodimers were formed. thus, the env proteins of hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv possess a functionally con ...19902352332
isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency viruses from two subspecies of african green monkeys.cercopithecus aethiops (african green monkey), a nonhuman primate species distributed throughout subsaharan africa, has been shown to have high seroprevalence rates of antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), and therefore, has been proposed as a natural reservoir for immunodeficiency viruses. our laboratories have isolated siv-like viruses from two east african subspecies of c. aethiops designated grivet and vervet monkeys. analysis of the structural proteins based on the molecular we ...19902340199
human immunodeficiency virus does not induce interleukin-1, interleukin-6, or tumor necrosis factor in mononuclear cells.the production of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), il-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) by fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or purified recombinant hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein (rgp120). to exclude the role of contaminating endotoxin in this study, all media were subjected to ultrafiltration and reagents contained less than 25 pg of endotoxin per ml by limulus assay. under endotoxin-free conditions, no increase ...19902335821
cyclobut-a and cyclobut-g, carbocyclic oxetanocin analogs that inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in t cells and monocytes and macrophages in vitro.two newly synthesized carbocyclic oxetanocin analogs, (+/-)-9-[(1 beta,2 alpha,3 beta)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclobutyl]adenine (cyclobut-a) and (+/-)-9-[(1 beta,2 alpha,3 beta)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclobutyl]guanine (cyclobut-g) were tested for activity against the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in vitro. a number of other carbocyclic oxetanocin analogs failed to exert good antiretroviral effects. both cyclobut-a and cyclobut-g protected cd4+ ath8 cells against the in ...19902327778
novel sulfated polymers as highly potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replication and giant cell formation.novel synthetic sulfated polymers, namely, sulfated polyvinyl alcohol (pvas) and sulfated copolymers of acrylic acid with vinyl alcohol (pavas), proved to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 in vitro. the compounds completely inhibited hiv-1-induced cytopathogenicity in mt-4 cells and hiv-1 antigen expression in cem cells at a concentration of 0.8 micrograms/ml. they were equally effective against hiv-2 replication. in addition, and in cont ...19902327749
a highly conserved rna folding region coincident with the rev response element of primate immunodeficiency viruses.a series of unusual folding regions (ufr) immediately 3' to the cleavage site of the outer membrane protein (omp) and transmembrane protein (tmp) were detected in the envelope gene rna of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1, hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) by an extensive monte carlo simulation. these rna secondary structures were predicted to be both highly stable and statistically significant. in the calculation, twenty-five different sequence isolates of hiv-1, three isolat ...19902326200
heat-labile, complement-like factor(s) of animal sera prevent(s) hiv-1 infectivity in vitro.we studied inactivation of hiv-1 by fresh sera of animals. we found that while fresh sera of humans and chimpanzees (among others) did not have antiviral activity, fresh sera of several other mammals, especially those of rodents and felines, showed a dose-dependent viral-inactivating property against cell-free hiv-1; these sera were also capable of inactivating virus preadsorbed to cells, similar to neutralizing antibody. the activity was destroyed by heating to 56 degrees c, required ca2+ but n ...19902313562
isolation and partial characterization of an unusual human immunodeficiency retrovirus from two persons of west-central african origin.an unusual human retrovirus was isolated from two patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy who originate from west-central africa and are currently residing in belgium. although the virus shared a number of the same biological and morphological properties as human immunodeficiency retrovirus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2, significant antigenic differences could be demonstrated. several of the viral proteins also differed in molecular weight from the corresponding hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteins. ...19902304140
transmembrane envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus siv-mac exist as homodimers.an 80-kilodalton glycoprotein (gp80) was produced in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-infected cells along with three envelope glycoproteins that we have recently reported: the extracellular glycoprotein (gp125), the envelope glycoprotein precursor (gp140), and the transient dimeric form of the precursor (gp300). gp125 and gp80 were detectable after the synthesis of gp140 and the formation of gp300. using a specific monoclonal antibody, we showed here that gp80 is a dimeric form of th ...19902296088
molecular characterization of an attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolate.naturally occurring strains of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can vary considerably in their in vitro biological properties, and such differences may also be reflected in their in vivo pathogenesis. in an attempt to define genetic determinants of viral pathogenicity, we have molecularly cloned, sequenced, and characterized an attenuated isolate of hiv type 2 (hiv-2/st) that differs from prototype hiv-2 strains in its inability to fuse with and kill susceptible cd4-bearing target cells. a pro ...19902296086
mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) genome in relation to hiv-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus siv (agm).we constructed an infectious molecular clone of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and generated nine frameshift mutants corresponding to nine open reading frames identified so far. three structural (gag, pol, env) and two regulative (tat, rev) gene mutants were not infectious, whereas vif, vpx, vpr, and nef genes were dispensable for infectivity. all of the mutants except env and rev were cytopathic in cd4+ human leukemia cells. in transfection assays, the expression of hiv-2 long ...19902296082
anti-human immunodeficiency virus effects of dextran sulfate are strain dependent and synergistic or antagonistic when dextran sulfate is given in combination with dideoxynucleosides.the effects of three molecular weight ranges of dextran sulfate on five different human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) isolates (from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), alone and in combination with dideoxynucleosides, were investigated in vitro. the higher the molecular weight range of dextran sulfate, the more potent the activity as assessed by a quantitative syncytium formation assay. although all five hiv isolates had similar susceptibilities to the inhibitory effects of dideox ...19902291665
[prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies in rural areas of benin].a transversal survey has been performed in the zou province in the central part of benin located in west africa close to the western border of nigeria. the zou province is an agricultural region which population is about 900,000. a randomised sample of 1936 people had been chosen according 1,984 census data. all the samples have been examined by elisa rapid elavia mixt (pasteur vaccin). all positive samples have been tested with both elavia i and elavia ii (pasteur vaccin). 6.6% of sampled popul ...19902285997
in vitro characterization of a biologically active molecular clone of hiv-2nih-z containing a nef deletion and expressing a full-length transmembrane protein.we have previously described the cloning and sequencing of a novel stain of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) called hiv-2nih-z. a plasmid clone, phiv2z, containing the full-length provirus has now been constructed, and virus particles have been obtained upon transfection into cos-1 and h-9 cells. these particles can infect a number of t-cell lines and exert a cytopathic effect on fresh human and macaque peripheral blood lymphocytes. the cloned virus is biologically and morphologically ...19902265026
[intestinal spirochetosis in homosexuals infected with hiv. 3 cases].we report 3 cases of intestinal spirochetosis in homosexuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (2 group iii and 1 group iv c1, according to the centers for disease control classification) presenting with moderate, chronic diarrhea. the diagnosis was made based on the histological examination of colorectal biopsies showing a layer of spirochetes carpeting the epithelium. electron microscopy evaluation and culturing of the microorganism provided information on the bacterium's morpholo ...19902256590
[intestinal spirochetosis in homosexuals infected with hiv. 3 cases].we report 3 cases of intestinal spirochetosis in homosexuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (2 group iii and 1 group iv c1, according to the centers for disease control classification) presenting with moderate, chronic diarrhea. the diagnosis was made based on the histological examination of colorectal biopsies showing a layer of spirochetes carpeting the epithelium. electron microscopy evaluation and culturing of the microorganism provided information on the bacterium's morpholo ...19902256590
rapid and specific diagnosis of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections: an evaluation of testing strategies.to identify cost-effective testing strategies for hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections, we evaluated different combinations of tests on serum specimens from 1134 consecutive patients attending tuberculosis treatment centers in abidjan, côte d'lvoire. virus-specific whole-virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (wve), western blot (wb) and synthetic peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (spe) were used in sequential fashion to determine the true prevalence of infection; 27% were reactive to hiv-1, 5% t ...19902252560
human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv2).in the mid 1980's a second human retrovirus, capable of causing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), was isolated from patients of west african origin. this virus, now called human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv2), was found to be distinct from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv1) but closely related to simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv). although the genomes of hiv1 and hiv2 are similar there are significant differences in nucleotide and amino acid sequences, most marked ...19902245251
expression of gag precursor protein and secretion of virus-like gag particles of hiv-2 from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells.a recombinant baculovirus carrying the gag gene but lacking the protease coding sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) has been constructed. when this recombinant baculovirus is used to infect insect cells, a high level of gag precursor protein, gag pr41, is expressed. electron microscopy showed that the majority of gag pr41 was budding through the plasma membrane and being released into the culture medium in spherical virus-like particles with a diameter of approximately 100 n ...19902238477
[the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)]. 19902236770
the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpr gene is essential for productive infection of human macrophages.the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) genetic determinant(s) responsible for tropism in human t cells or macrophages are not well defined. we studied the role of the hiv type 2 (hiv-2) nef and vpr genes in viral tropism. hiv-2 mutants, lacking either vpr or nef genes, or both vpr and nef, were obtained by site-specific mutagenesis of a biologically active hiv-2 proviral clone (hiv-2sbl/isy), which is infectious in both human t cells and macrophages. viral progeny carrying mutations of nef, vpr, ...19902236020
mutational analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys and human immunodeficiency virus type 2.we constructed ten mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from african green monkey (sivagm), and nine mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) in vitro. their infectivity, cytopathogenicity, transactivation potential, virus rna, and protein synthesis were examined by transfection and infection experiments. mutations in three structural (gag, pol, env) and two regulator (tat, rev) genes abolished the infectivity of both viruses, but vpx, vpr (hiv-2), and nef were dispens ...19902231682
immunoprecipitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 glycoproteins by sera positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1.analysis by radioimmunoprecipitation of serum samples from 27 different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected individuals residing in chile showed that the sera of 26% of these individuals also react with glycoprotein gp125 of hiv type 2 (hiv-2). this cross-reaction seems to reflect a qualitative difference among infected individuals, because the titer of antibodies against gp120 of hiv-1 in the cross-reacting samples did not differ significantly from that in the non-cross-reactin ...19902229392
evaluation of a line immunoassay for the differential detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus.a newly introduced single strip line immunoassay was evaluated as a possible alternative to western blot for the differential detection of antibodies to multiple hiv-1 and hiv-2 antigens in human serum. in a panel of 153 sera found to be positive twice in currently used screening tests, the line immunoassay and the western blot detected 44 true positive results. using western blot as reference method, the line immunoassay gave 100% specificity and sensitivity. these results suggest that the line ...19902226497
the polymerase chain reaction in the human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis.the pcr technique detects hiv1 and hiv2 dna and rna sequences in mononuclear cells with high sensitivity. it allows therefore to analyse the mother to child hiv1 transmission. moreover, in the near future, the quantification of the pcr products could allow the follow-up of the patients treated for hiv infection.19902221502
[a radioimmunoprecipitation method in the serodiagnosis of hiv infection: the development of the optimal conditions for its performance and the evaluation of the possibilities for its use].the optimum conditions for using the method of radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in serum samples have been established. out of several available cell lines persistently infected with hiv, specially selected line 17 has been chosen. the characteristic feature of this is the high and stable (under the conditions of prolonged cultivation) accumulation of virus-specific proteins in infected cells. the optimum conditions for making the test and it ...19902220217
[the human immunodeficiency virus type 2]. 19902219846
effect of two novel inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus protease on the maturation of the hiv gag and gag-pol polyproteins.the ability of two novel synthetic compounds to inhibit the hiv protease-mediated processing of hiv-1 precursor polyproteins was investigated in an in vitro gag-protease mixed lysate assay system and in an assay using recombinant baculoviruses engineered to express the hiv-1 gag and pol genes in cultured insect cells. with the in vitro mixed lysate assay we have shown that both compounds at 1 microm can completely inhibit the hiv-1 and hiv-2 protease-mediated release of p24 from the hiv-1 gag pr ...19902219737
an inhibitor of the protease blocks maturation of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and spread of infection.the activity of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease is essential for processing of the gag-pol precursor proteins and maturation of infectious virions. we have prepared a peptidomimetic inhibitor, u-75875, that inhibited hiv-1 gag-pol protein processing in an essentially irreversible manner. noninfectious virus particles produced in the presence of the drug contained gag precursors and were morphologically immature. in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in a continuous cell ...19902217178
competitive enzyme-immunoassays using native viral antigens to discriminate between hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) strains can be separated into two serotypes: hiv-1 and hiv-2. in the study reported herein, we developed and evaluated competitive enzyme-immunoassays (ceia-1 for the detection of antibody to hiv-1, ceia-2 for the detection of antibody to hiv-2) to discriminate serologically between hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections. in most of the cases, the serotyping of known reactive serum samples was done easily with the ceias, showing a similar specificity to the western blot. s ...19902211958
structure-based design of nonpeptide inhibitors specific for the human immunodeficiency virus 1 protease.by using a structure-based computer-assisted search, we have found a butyrophenone derivative that is a selective inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) protease. the computer program creates a negative image of the active site cavity using the crystal structure of the hiv-1 protease. this image was compared for steric complementarity with 10,000 molecules of the cambridge crystallographic database. one of the most interesting candidates identified was bromperidol. haloperidol, ...19902204060
current status of clinical laboratory tests for the human immunodeficiency virus.the predictive values of positive and negative test results for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody are extremely high in laboratories that have good quality control and high performance standards and use licensed fda-approved enzyme immunoassay (eia) and western blot standardized tests. with a carefully designed protocol, the false-positive rate of combined eia and western blot has been reported to be as low as 1 in 10(5). when results of hiv confirmatory antibody tests are indeterminat ...19902202798
the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in africa and latin america.we review some aspects of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in the developing countries of africa and latin america. apart from their elevated prevalence, they are responsible for important morbidity in mother and child. stillbirth, premature delivery, conjunctivitis, and respiratory tract morbidity of the neonate are frequently caused by stds. sequelae in adult women include pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. the emergence of antimicrobial re ...19902202406
function of the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 rev proteins is dependent on their ability to interact with a structured region present in env gene mrna.the interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rev protein with a structured region in env mrna (the rev-responsive element [rre]) mediates the export of structural mrnas from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. we demonstrated that unlike hiv-1 rev, which functions with both the hiv-1 and hiv-2 rres, hiv-2 rev functions only with the hiv-2 rre. rev-rre binding studies suggested that the lack of nonreciprocal complementation stems from the inability of hiv-2 rev to interact with hi ...19902200888
titration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and quantitative analysis of virus expression in vitro using liquid rna-rna hybridization.an assay is described for titration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and for quantitative analysis of virus expression in vitro. the assay utilizes a liquid rna-rna hybridization method coupled with reversible target capture (rtc) on oligo(dt) derivatized magnetic particles. the assay provides a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for quantitation of hiv-1 rna molecules present either in cells or in viral particles from cell-free culture media. chronically infected monocytoid u1. ...19902200801
specific tropism of hiv-1 for microglial cells in primary human brain cultures.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) frequently causes neurological dysfunction and is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (cns) of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients with hiv encephalitis or myelopathy. the virus is found mostly in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage within the cns, but the possibility of infection of other glial cells has been raised. therefore, the effects of different hiv-1 and hiv-2 strains were studied in primary cultures of adult human br ...19902200125
recombinant hiv2 protease processes hiv1 pr53gag and analogous junction peptides in vitro.a synthetic dna fragment encoding a protease precursor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv2) was cloned and expressed in bacteria and yeast. a recombinant plasmid encoding a hybrid polypeptide consisting of human superoxide dismutase and an hiv2 protease precursor of 113 amino acids was constructed for regulated intracellular expression in bacteria. induction of this plasmid produced an autoprocessed form of the retroviral enzyme possessing the correct molecular weight. overexpressio ...19902199446
neuropathology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.this review attempts to assess critically the literature on the neuropathology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in light of our experience with 172 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who underwent extensive postmortem examinations of the central and peripheral nervous systems. the neuropathologic manifestations of the disease can be divided into three categories: (1) primary or putative/indirect effects of the human immunodeficiency virus, (2) opportunistic infections, and (3) ...19902194443
comparison of commercial kits for the detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in nigeria.four commercial kits for the detection of antibodies to hiv-1 were compared with regard to their sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. the wellcozyme competitive enzyme immunoassay was the least sensitive (62.5%), while roche eia, was the most sensitive (100%). all the commercial kits gave false negative results except the roche eia system. the serodia particle agglutination test had the least positive predictive value of 26.9% while roche eia had the highest (88.9%). our resul ...19902191859
interference patterns of human immunodeficiency viruses hiv-1 and hiv-2.the ability of cells infected with a retrovirus to interfere with superinfection by another retrovirus usually involves blockage, by the primary virus, of the receptors for the superinfecting virus. retroviruses using different receptors do not interfere with each other, and this property has been used to classify various types of retroviruses. different isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were subjected to this type of analysis, and it was found that all hiv-1s cross-interfere with e ...19902191494
envelope cross-reactivity between human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 detected by different serological methods: correlation between cross-neutralization and reactivity against the main neutralizing site.a total of 70 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and 42 hiv-2 antibody-positive serum samples, collected from groups of individuals in which only one type of hiv prevails, were tested for cross-reactivity against hiv-2 and hiv-1 proteins by western blot (wb) (immunoblot), radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa), neutralization analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with as antigen synthetic peptides representing selected parts of the envelope (env) glycoproteins. cross-reactions ...19902191152
replicative capacity of hiv-2, like hiv-1, correlates with severity of immunodeficiency.we have obtained 15 hiv-2 isolates from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of 24 hiv-2-infected west african people. the frequency of virus isolation correlated with the severity of hiv-2 infection; only three isolates were obtained from 11 asymptomatic individuals, whereas virus was isolated from nearly all (12 of 13) individuals with symptoms. the hiv-2 isolates showed distinct replicative and cytopathic characteristics and, similarly to hiv-1 isolates, could be divided into two ma ...19902190603
genetic organization of a chimpanzee lentivirus related to hiv-1.simian immunodeficiency viruses have been isolated from four species of monkey, the 'captive' macaque and mangabey and the 'feral' african green monkey and mandrill. while none of these viruses is a replica of hiv-1, the macaque and mangabey viruses represent correct genetic models for hiv-2, possessing exactly the same complement of genes. recently a lentivirus has been identified in two wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes troglodytes) in gabon, west equatorial africa, and isolated from one of th ...19902188136
variable proteolytic cleavage of gag precursor expressed after infection of several cell lines with an hiv-2 gag-pol recombinant vaccinia virus. 19902187498
rational design of peptide-based hiv proteinase inhibitors.a series of peptide derivatives based on the transition-state mimetic concept has been designed that inhibit the proteinase from the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the more active compounds inhibit both hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteinases in the nanomolar range with little effect at 10 micromolar against the structurally related human aspartic proteinases. proteolytic cleavage of the hiv-1 gag polyprotein (p55) to the viral structural protein p24 was inhibited in chronically infected cem cells. ant ...19902183354
complementation of the rev gene mutation among human and simian lentiviruses.the functional exchangeability of the rev gene was assessed in transient transfection experiments by using in vitro-constructed rev and gag mutants of the following three primate lentiviruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus from the african green monkey (siv agm). cotransfection into sw480 cells of the rev and gag mutants derived from the dna of each infectious virus resulted in the generation of progeny particles as determined by reverse tr ...19902182909
aids in africa.the seroprevalence, clinical epidemiology, modes of transmission, clinical presentation in adults, pregnancy women and children, diagnosis, impact and control strategies of aids in africa are covered in this review. hiv-1, the causative virus in aids, is epidemic in a central africa belt from gabon to the east coast, and from uganda to zimbabwe, with the highest prevalence in the lakes and highlands of central africa. hiv-2 causes a milder disease in western africa centered in senegal. hiv in ...19902182139
synthetic hiv-2 protease cleaves the gag precursor of hiv-1 with the same specificity as hiv-1 protease.a 99-amino acid protein having the deduced sequence of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was synthesized by the solid phase method and tested for specificity. the folded peptide catalyzes specific processing of a recombinant 43-kda gag precursor protein (f-16) of hiv-1. although the protease of hiv-2 shares only 48% amino acid identity with that of hiv-1, the hiv-2 enzyme exhibits the same specificity toward the hiv-1 gag precursor. fragments of 34, 32, 24, 10, and 9 ...19902178555
[classification of retroviruses].the retroviridae comprise a large number of viruses. in both nature and laboratories these viruses are associated with numerous diseases, including rapid or long latency malignancies, neurological disorders and immunodeficiency. the replication cycle is characterized by integration of the viral dna into the host's genome after the reverse transcriptase copied the viral rna into dna. the discovery of human retroviruses had a late start. it was not until 1980 that the first oncovirus, the human t- ...19902173126
selection against cpg dinucleotides in lentiviral genes: a possible role of methylation in regulation of viral expression.extremely low frequencies of cpg dinucleotides are found in the genomes of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses, including the human, simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (hiv1, hiv2, siv, and fiv, respectively), equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), and the ovine lentivirus, visna. the occurrence of cpg dinucleotides is greater in the 2-3 (ncg) than in the 1-2 (cgn) codon-defined frame, as well as in the gag and env genes, compared to the more conserved pol gene. these differences su ...19902170945
subcellular localization of rev-gene product in visna virus-infected cells.the 1.4-kb mrna of visna lentivirus is expressed early during the lytic infection of sheep choroid plexus cell cultures. it encodes for visna early gene 1 (veg1) product, since renamed rev gene product (or rev), based on significant amino acid sequence homologies between this protein and the proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus of macaque and human immunodeficiency virus type 2. in this report, we examined the subcellular localization and time course appearance of the rev protein in visna v ...19902167558
a comparison of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections in hospitalized patients in abidjan, côte d'ivoire.in late 1988, a cross-sectional study of 1715 adult medical patients hospitalized in abidjan, côte d'ivoire, west africa, showed an overall prevalence of hiv infection of 46% in men and 28% in women. on the basis of specific testing by whole virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), western blot and synthetic peptide elisa, hiv-1 infection was found in 25%, hiv-2 infection in 4%, and reactivity to both viruses in 11% of male and female patients combined. people infected with hiv-2, as wel ...19902164821
complete nucleotide sequence of a simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys: a novel type of intragroup divergence.we have determined the entire nucleotide sequence of a full-length molecular clone, termed sivagm3, which is infectious in vitro and in vivo. the genomic organization was found to be similar to other immunodeficiency viruses of human and simian origin. comparison of sivagm3 with sivagmtyo-1, the only other completely sequenced molecular sivagm clone, revealed a novel type of intragroup divergence, which is characterized by (1) an unusually high degree of variability in pol in relation to gag and ...19902158689
nucleotide sequence analysis of sa-omvv, a visna-related ovine lentivirus: phylogenetic history of lentiviruses.the nucleotide sequence analysis of the visna-related south african ovine maedi visna virus (sa-omvv) demonstrates extensive genetic polymorphism among ovine lentiviruses. differences between visna virus and sa-omvv proteins range from 8.5 to 35% mismatched amino acids. moreover, there is a new open reading frame (orf w) in the central part of the genome. a phylogenetic history calibrated by the divergence and isolation dates of these two ovine lentiviruses shows that radiation of the lentivirid ...19902158181
identification of a cis-acting element in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) that is responsive to the hiv-1 rev and human t-cell leukemia virus types i and ii rex proteins.a simian virus 40 late replacement vector encoding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gp120 (pgp120) was used to define a region within the hiv-2 genome that could work as a rev-responsive element (rre). our previous work showed that gp120 expression in this system required a functional rre in cis and required the rev protein in trans (m.-l. hammarskjöld, j. heimer, b. hammarskjöld, i. sangwan, l. albert, and d. rekosh, j. virol. 63:1959-1966, 1989). using pgp120, we first mapped an rre ...19902157051
hiv susceptibility conferred to human fibroblasts by cytomegalovirus-induced fc receptor.the main receptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) on t and b lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages is the cd4 antigen 1-3. infection of these cells is blocked by monoclonal antibodies to cd4(1,2) and by recombinant soluble cd4(4-9). expression of transfected cd4 on the surface of hela and other human cells renders them susceptible to hiv infection 10. hiv-antibody complexes can also infect monocytes and macrophages by means of receptors for the fc portion o ...19902154697
increase of the prevalence of hepatitis b virus surface antigen related to immunodeficiency inherent in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).during the period from january to december 1987, 2,191 serum samples were collected from different groups of the population in the ivory coast (1,126 healthy people selected from the general population, 416 blood donors, 112 healthy anti-hiv carriers, 173 aids patients, and 364 patients suffering from icterigenic hepatitis) and tested for anti-hiv (hiv-1 and hiv-2) antibodies, hbsag, hbeag, delta antigen (hdag), and anti-delta (anti-hd) antibody. anti-hiv antibodies were found in 30 (2.6%) of th ...19902154578
[prevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2 and htlv-1 infections. experience in a parisian center for sexually transmitted diseases].human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is, to a great extent, a sexually transmitted disease (std). its diffusion among the heterosexual population is still limited. std treatment centres are particularly well organized to watch this diffusion. at the std centre of the saint-louis hospital, paris, we conducted a 6-week prospective study concerning the systematic detection of hiv-1 infection in 240 consecutive female out-patients in 1988, and in 504 male out-patients in 1989. the results ob ...19902147498
[transmission of hiv-2 virus in a rural area of senegal].various investigations into the prevalence of hiv2 infection undertaken on samples of senegalese rural populations from casamance, eastern senegal, the thies region and the ferlo region, show a gradient from south to north. levels vary from 0.9% (western casamance) to 0% (ferlo). these results led to a detailed investigation being undertaken in a casamance village, paralleled by questioning reference cases to define risks associated with hiv2 seropositivity. prevalence in this village is 0.82%, ...19902135804
performance characteristics of a novel immunoassay based on hybrid ty virus-like particles (ty-vlps): rapid differentiation between hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection.recombinant antigens containing all or parts of the hiv-1 proteins p24, nef and gp41 and hiv-2 gp36 have been purified and used to develop a rapid immunoassay to detect and differentiate between hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies in a single test. the antigens were produced as particulate fusion proteins by exploiting the ability of a protein encoded by the yeast retrotransposon ty to assemble into virus-like particles (ty-vlps). hybrid hiv: ty-vlps carrying each of the antigens were applied to nitrocel ...19902124493
biologic heterogeneity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) strains.seven hiv-2 isolates recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of patients from the ivory coast have been biologically characterized. all seven strains replicated well in primary human lymphocyte and macrophage cultures and in established human t cell lines. they showed differences in infectivity and replicating ability in primary pbmc cultures from chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and baboons. moreover, variations in levels of virus replication in pbmc from 13 seronegative donors we ...19902120848
synthesis, oligomerization, and biological activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus.the full-length envelope gene from an infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) molecular clone was expressed in cd4+ and cd4- cells by a recombinant vaccinia virus vector. pulse-chase experiments indicated that gp160 was processed into gp120 and gp41 subunits. although large amounts of gp120 were shed into the medium, the recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells fused with uninfected cd4+ cells. the receptor binding of hiv-2 gp120 was further analyzed using a panel composed of nin ...19902117828
persistent infection of rhesus macaques with a molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 2: evidence of minimal genetic drift and low pathogenetic effects.in an attempt to generate a suitable animal model to study the infectivity and possible pathogenicity of human immunodeficiency viruses, we intravenously inoculated juvenile rhesus macaques and african green monkeys with a molecularly cloned virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 hiv-2sbl/isy, as well as with the uncloned hiv-2nih-z virus. infection was monitored by virus recovery from the peripheral blood cells and by seroconversion against hiv-2 antigens measured by western immunoblot, rad ...19902117071
activation of a beta-galactosidase recombinant provirus: application to titration of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hiv-infected cells.a quantitative bioassay for human immunodeficiency viruses has been developed on the basis of the ability of the tat gene to transactivate the expression of an integrated beta-galactosidase gene in a hela-cd4+ cell line. infection by a single virion of hiv-1 or hiv-2 corresponds to a unique blue syncytium or a cell cluster detected after fixation and addition of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (a beta-galactosidase substrate). the number of infected lymphoid cells in a cultur ...19902110596
risk factors of female hiv-seropositive patients attending the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases at st mary's hospital, london.of 3450 women tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus hiv-1 and hiv-2 between september 1985 and july 1989, 61 were positive (1.8%). twenty-seven of these (44%) were presumed to have acquired their hiv infection by heterosexual contact and 23 (38%) were intravenous drug addicts. in geographical origin, 23 (38%) of the patients were from the uk and 19 (31%) from africa. amongst these 61 women, 2 (3%) have since died, one committed suicide and one was suspected of committing suicide.19902103742
seropositivity to chlamydia trachomatis in prostitutes: relationship to other sexually transmitted diseases (stds).the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and its relationship with other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) was investigated by serological determinations in a group of 45 women working as prostitutes in santos, state of são paulo. seropositivity to hiv-1 was demonstrated in 4 (9%) of the cases and to hiv-2 in one case. syphilis and hepatitis b were detected in 29% and 43% of the 45 women, respectively. specific antibodies to c. trachomatis were found in all subjects. the high seroprevalence of ...19902101095
serological evidence for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in east africa.infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) has not previously been described in north or east africa. we examined over 1200 sera of high-risk individuals from three north/east african countries for antibodies to hiv-2. results indicated that 17 were repeatedly reactive by elisa; 4 were confirmed by western blot. of the 4 confirmed, 2 produced strong reactions to the envelope antigens of hiv-2 but not of hiv-1. one of these subjects was a foreigner from senegal who was tested while ...19902099200
[search for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) in a sample of parenteral drug addicts (ivda)].we have retrospectively investigated the antibodies against type 2 human immunodeficiency virus (ac hiv-2) in sera from parenteral drug abusers (pda) who had been previously investigated for hiv-1 and who fulfilled established criteria (trips, sexual contacts, etc.). enzyme immunoassay (eia) was positive in 7 individuals who were also carriers of hiv-1. when hiv-2 was confirmed with western blot, in only one case a tenuous band against glycoprotein 105 (gp 105) and the remaining ones from the co ...19902095905
human immunodeficiency virus 2 (hiv 2). 19902090890
anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activities and pharmacokinetics of novel 6-substituted acyclouridine derivatives.the novel 6-substituted acyclouridine derivatives 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-phenylthiothymine (hept), 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(3-methylphenylthio)thymine (hept-m), 6-cyclohexylthio-1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl]thymine (hept-h), and 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-phenylthio-2- thiothymine (hept-s) have proved to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication in a variety of cell systems, including peripheral blood lymphocytes. they are not in ...19902088190
[epidemiology of infections caused by hiv-1, hiv-2 and htlv-1 in the republic of chad].from march to july 1989 sero-epidemiological surveys have been carried out in four chadian towns on representative samples of adults aged 15-44 years in the general population. for the first time, hiv1 virus circulation was shown off with seroprevalence rates varying from 0 to 1.1%. rates are non-existent for hiv2 and they vary from 0 to 1.6% for htlv1. these low seroprevalence rates make it difficult to identify special risk factors. there was confirmed a preponderance of heterosexual transmiss ...19902085906
expression of hiv-1 integrase in e. coli: immunological analysis of the recombinant protein.sequences encoding the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) integrase gene have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the expressed protein is a lambda cii fusion protein of 37 kd containing the carboxyl-terminal 23 [corrected] amino acids of reverse transcriptase fused to the entire integrase sequence and is insoluble, a feature which allows partial purification away from soluble bacterial proteins. as judged by its reactivity with hiv positive sera in western blot and in enzyme ...19902078417
enhancement of soluble cd4-mediated hiv neutralization and gp 120 binding by cd4 autoantibodies and monoclonal antibodies.we have identified 6 sera containing autoantibodies to cd4 in 174 human immunodeficiency virus-type (hiv-1) positive sera tested in an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using scd4, and none in 34 hiv type 2 sera. these autoantibodies do not bind to cellular cd4, but react with scd4 to increase its binding in elisa to monoclonal antibodies and the hiv surface glycoprotein gp120. the effect of cd4 autoantibodies is mimicked by monoclonal antibodies to the third and fourth d ...19902078408
identification of a uniquely immunodominant, cross-reacting site in the human immunodeficiency virus endonuclease protein.one of the features of the life cycle of retroviruses is insertion of the proviral dna into host chromosomes. a protein encoded by the 3' end of the pol gene of the virus genome has been shown to possess endonuclease activity (d. p. grandgenett, a. c. vora, and r. d. schiff, virology 89:119-132, 1978), which is necessary for dna integration. sera from the majority of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals react with endonuclease protein p31 in serological tests (j. s. allan, j. ...19912072463
two immunodominant domains of gp41 bind antibodies which enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vitro.four of eight human monoclonal antibodies (humabs) to gp41 were identified which could enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in vitro by complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (c'-ade). these enhancing humabs were mapped to two distinct domains on the hiv-1 gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein by using synthetic peptides. the first domain, amino acids 579 to 613 (peptide aa579-613), was recognized by three of the four enhancing humabs. the aa579-613 peptide blocked ...19912072448
hyperimmune antisera against synthetic peptides representing the glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 can mediate neutralization and antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity.twenty-five 13- to 35-amino-acid-long peptides representing regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), strain sbl6669, envelope proteins were evaluated for their immunogenic activity in guinea pigs. the peptides were selected to provide homologous representation of sites in the hiv-1 envelope proteins that were previously documented to have a particular immunogenic importance. a number of the hiv-2 peptides were found to be capable of inducing strain sbl6669 neutralizing and antibod ...19912068087
change in size of the envelope glycoprotein of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv 1) strain.a strain of hiv 1 (pa 40), isolated from a patient with aids, showed a size variation of its external glycoprotein. this glycoprotein had an estimated molecular weight of 105 kd and differed from that of both hiv 1 iiib and hiv 2 rod strains. the protein was derived from a bigger (140 kd) precursor, detectable only in the infected cells and could incorporate labeled glucose in its prosthetic portion. the change in size of the external glycoprotein may be the result of envelope sequence variation ...19912067412
vaccine protection against hiv-2 infection in cynomolgus monkeys.the aim of this study was to determine if protection against an infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) challenge could be obtained in cynomolgus macaques by active immunization using whole killed virus vaccine. four monkeys were immunized with killed hiv-2sbl-6669, two of them with five intramuscular (im) injections of viral preparation containing 100 or 300 micrograms protein emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) and the two remaining received four im injections of 25 ...19912064826
high antibody titres in mice with polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles as adjuvant for hiv vaccines.the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) nanoparticles as adjuvants for an hiv-2 whole-virus vaccine in mice. the data clearly revealed that pmma nanoparticles induced 10-100-fold higher antibody titres than aluminium hydroxide or an aqueous vaccine control preparation as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. moreover, the high antibody titres obtained with pmma as adjuvant appeared to be stable for between 10 and 20 weeks after immunizat ...19912059385
9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) effectively inhibits retrovirus replication in vitro and simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys.9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the in vitro replication of a number of retroviruses, including hiv-1 and hiv-2, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian aids-related virus (srv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and moloney murine sarcoma virus (msv). pmea causes a dose-dependent suppression of the induction of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies in siv mac-infected rhesus monkeys. complete suppression of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies was achieved i ...19912059358
[comparative evaluation of the immunoenzyme test systems for hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections].comparative investigations of enzyme immunoassay systems for the diagnosis of hiv-infection were conducted in panels with hiv-1 and hiv-2-positive and negative samples. it has been shown that immunodiagnostic reagents produced by the firms "abbott" (usa) and "behring" (frg) possess the highest sensitivity and specificity. it has been established that the test-systems for hiv-1 cannot identify hiv-2-positive samples due to the absence of cross-reactivity. to decrease the risk of hiv transmission ...19912055413
[group- and type-specific antibodies to the gag-gene protein p26 of the human immunodeficiency virus immunological type 2 in infected patients].the immunoreactivity of serum samples from hiv-2 infected persons was studied by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) in homo- and heterotypic variants. in homotypic ripa all sera studied have precipitated the viral glycoprotein with the high molecular weight, gp170. some samples were active for gag-gene products, p57 and p26 in homotypic ripa. most these samples were also active for heterotypic gag-protein of hiv-1 serotype, p55 and p24. on the other hand anti-gag reactivity of one sample was ...19912054505
human immunodeficiency virus-related connective tissue diseases: a zimbabwean perspective.our clinical experience with patients in zimbabwe suggests that an arthropathy may be a feature of hiv disease. this takes two forms: the first is a reactive arthropathy usually affecting the large, lower limb joints with no other clinical features of a connective tissue disease. the second form is seen in association with features of complete or incomplete reiter's syndrome with involvement of large and small peripheral joints (having an asymmetric distribution). although this arthropathy may b ...19912041891
an approach to the human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with a spondyloarthropathic disease.one of the unanticipated consequences of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is the appearance of various rheumatic syndromes that traditionally have been thought to result from inappropriate overactivity of the immune system. this distinctive spectrum of rheumatic syndromes has been well described; however, the therapeutics and specific patient management as well as the significance of these disorders for diagnostic classification of the rheumatic disorders have not received a ...19912041888
dispensable role of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpx protein in viral replication.human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is similar in genetic organization to hiv-1 but contains a unique gene (vpx) that encodes a 16-kda protein. a replication-competent molecular clone of hiv-2 (hiv-2sbl/isy) that infects human primary cells in vitro and rhesus monkeys was used to generate three mutations in the vpx gene. in the first mutant, the vpx open reading frame was truncated at amino acid 20; the second mutant was tailored to eliminate the proline-rich carboxyl terminus of the pro ...19912041103
the sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 circle junction suggests that integration protein cleaves the ends of linear dna asymmetrically.the sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 circle junction was determined. the most common sequence found between the conserved ca and tg dinucleotides at the ends of the integrated provirus was five bases long (ggtac). this suggests that the integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 dna is accompanied by the asymmetric loss of two and three bases, respectively, from the u3 and u5 ends of the linear double-stranded dna prior to integration.19912041100
structural comparison of the external glycoproteins of human and simian immunodeficiency virus.the structural variability of the external glycoproteins of primate immunodeficiency viruses, has, so far, been investigated exclusively by sequence comparison of the respective proviral genomes. we have examined the structural relationship amount the external glycoproteins from three specific human immunodeficiency viruses (hif-1, hiv-2), three specific simian immunodeficiency viruses from macaques (sivmac) and three specific siv from african green monkeys (sivagm) by peptide mapping. differenc ...19912040588
escherichia coli mediated biosynthesis and in vitro anti-hiv activity of lipophilic 6-halo-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.a series of 6-substituted 2',3'-dideoxypurine ribofuranosides (ddp) was enzymatically synthesized with live e. coli in an effort to enhance the lipophilicity of this class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) compounds and thereby facilitate drug delivery into the central nervous system. all 6-halo-substituted ddps were substantially more lipophilic, as defined by their octanol-water partition coefficient (p), than their nonhalogenated congeners 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddi) or 2',3'-dideoxyg ...19912033586
mutational analysis of the hiv-1 rev protein and its target sequence, the rev responsive element.the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rev protein is a positive posttranscriptional regulator of viral structural gene expression and essential for virus replication. rev mediates its effects through interaction with an rna target sequence, the rev responsive element (rre), present within the env mrna. previous studies have shown that the basic stretch of amino acids are required for rev's ability to bind rna, whereas residues present near the carboxy terminus are essential for full bi ...19912023097
anti-hla antigen class i heavy chain monoclonal antibodies inhibit human immunodeficiency virus production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.we have examined the capacity of monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for hla class i heavy chain to interfere with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replicative cycle in human t cells. among six anti-hla class i heavy chain-specific mab assayed, two mab, rl4-24-6 and w6/32, were able to delay hiv1 and hiv2 cytopathic effect on mt4 cells, a human t cell leukemia virus type i (htlvi) immortalized t cell line, mab rl4-24-6, chosen for further studies, also inhibited hiv1 production by periphe ...19912019288
lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 2. 19912019216
comparison of the hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteinases using oligopeptide substrates representing cleavage sites in gag and gag-pol polyproteins.the substrate specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) proteinases was compared using oligopeptides corresponding to cleavage sites in the gag and gag-pol polyproteins of both viruses. all peptides mimicking cleavage sites at the junction of major functional protein domains were correctly cleaved by both enzymes. however, some other peptides thought to represent secondary cleavage sites remained intact. the kinetic parameters (km and kcat) obtained for th ...19912015912
the v3 loops of the hiv-1 and hiv-2 surface glycoproteins contain proteolytic cleavage sites: a possible function in viral fusion?located close to the crown of the v3 type-specific neutralization loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) (iiib) su glycoprotein gp120, are several potential sites that should be susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by enzymes of trypsinlike or chymotrypsinlike specificity, or by aspartic proteinases. the linkages potentially sensitive to chymotryptic/aspartic proteinase cleavage are retained also within the equivalent domain of hiv-2 (rod) gp105. we show that thrombin and tryptas ...19912015114
hiv-2 and hiv-1 aids cases in senegal: clinical patterns and immunological perturbations.the serological and immunological parameters, disease patterns, and social characteristics of 39 human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) seropositive cdciv cases seen in dakar, senegal were studied. these data were compared with those obtained from 48 hiv-1 seropositive cdc stage iv patients. social characteristics of populations infected with hiv-1 or hiv-2 were clearly different. a patient sex ratio of three men to one woman was found for both viruses. in addition, the immune status of non ...19912007977
nucleotide sequence of a guinea-bissau-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 2 proviral clone (hiv-2cam2).we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) isolate from guinea-bissau (hiv-2cam2). the genomic organization of hiv-2cam2 is identical to that of other hiv-2 isolates but contains a stop codon in the pol gene. the deduced amino acid sequences of the viral proteins show variation of 20% in the gag, pol and vpx regions, and 25 to 45% in the tat, env and nef regions when compared to other isolates of hiv-2. this is greater than the variation observed ...19912005437
mapping the anatomy of the immunodominant domain of the human immunodeficiency virus gp41 transmembrane protein: peptide conformation analysis using monoclonal antibodies and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.thirty-six monoclonal antibodies from mice and three from rats were raised against a peptide corresponding to the immunodominant domain of the transmembrane gp41 protein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 (lglwgcsgklic; amino acid residues 598 to 609). of these, three monoclonal antibodies from the mice and one from a rat also reacted with the corresponding peptide derived from the hiv type 2 transmembrane gp41 protein (amino acid residues 593 to 603; nswgcafrqvc). immunochemical studi ...19912002540
the use of recombinant antigens in elisa procedures for the quantification of intrathecally produced hiv-1-specific antibodies.an elisa procedure is described for the quantification of intrathecally synthesized immunoglobulin g antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antigens. recombinant p17, p24, endonuclease (end), reverse transcriptase (rt), a peptide from the transmembrane region of gp41 (env80) and a fusion protein containing hiv-1 and hiv-2 epitopes were compared with a commercially available elisa. using a reference serum, antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) to all of the antigens could be ...19911995706
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