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clinical and immunologic responses of pigs to african swine fever virus isolated from the western hemisphere.pigs in the united states were exposed to african swine fever (asf) virus isolated from pigs in brazil and the dominican republic. the former were examined for clinical response, lesions, viremia, and antibody response. sequential blood samples were tested for the presence of asf virus by the hemadsorption test (in swine buffy coat cell culture) and for antibody to asf virus by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the incubation period was 3 to 5 days; inoculated pigs had fever for 8 to 16 day ...19846731983
virulence in african swine fever: its measurement and implications.a method of measuring and expressing the virulence of african swine fever virus in numerical terms was developed. seventeen viruses (13 hemadsorbing and 4 nonhemadsorbing) were tested and classified into 3 groups: highly infectious and highly virulent, highly infectious and moderately virulent, and slightly infectious and slightly virulent. this classification was based on the number of 50% hemadsorption unit (ha50) or tcid50 required to produce 1 ld50 for swine, the number of ha50 or tcid50 req ...19846711963
general morphology and capsid fine structure of african swine fever virus particles.the structure of african swine fever virus particles has been examined by electron microscopy. the analysis of virions prepared by negative staining, thin sectioning, and freeze-drying and shadowing showed that the virus particle was composed of several concentric structures with an overall icosahedral shape. the inner region of the virus particles was a nucleoid that was surrounded by a membrane covered by the capsid. the capsid had side-to-side dimensions of 172 to 191 nm and was built up by c ...19846695498
pathophysiology of gravidity.regulating processes during embryonal and fetal growth are discussed (genes, hormones). due to viral infections there can be disorder of fetal life (resorption, mumification, abortion and malformations). mucosal disease is hold up as an example to describe that it depends on the moment of infection, on the development of immunologic competence and on the qualities of the virus, what happens after infection. the development of immunologic competence is considered carefully. an infection with muco ...19836683837
replication of hog cholera virus in porcine alveolar macrophage cultures.eight hog cholera viral strains were tested for virulence for pigs and ability to replicate in porcine alveolar macrophage cultures. of them, five were virulent and replicated well in the macrophage culture. the other three were avirulent and grew less remarkably in this culture than them. it was suggested that the ability of the hog cholera viral strains to replicate in porcine macrophages might be correlated with their virulence.19836677832
swine fever. immunisation of piglets.vaccination against swine fever using the cl chinese strain can be done in 7-day-old piglets if they are born of non-immune sows. the simultaneous weaning and vaccination emphasises the safety of this strain. the excellent immunity observed confirms the immunocompetence of 7-day-old piglets. in piglets born of immune sows and also weaned at 7 days, passive protection can extend beyond the age of 2 months if the sow is vaccinated several months prior to gestation. the immune level of the piglets ...19836671375
neurological disorders, virus persistence and hypomyelination in calves due to intra-uterine infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus. i. clinical symptoms and morphological lesions.the clinical and pathological findings after a natural intra-uterine infection with bvd-virus in a friesian dairy herd are described. the virological and serological aspects will be discussed in a separate paper (30). in a period of 4 years, 11 calves were born with the following nervous symptoms: more or less serious incoordination, tremor, oscillating nystagmus, and a negative blinking reflex. the pupillary and sucking reflexes were normal. no ocular defects, such as lenticular opacity or reti ...19836649398
effect of rifamycin derivatives and coumermycin a1 on in vitro rna synthesis by african swine fever virus. brief report.several rifamycin derivatives inhibited the dna-dependent rna polymerase of african swine fever (asf) virus particles. the inhibition was similar to that found with vaccinia virus rna polymerase. coumermycin a1, an inhibitor of type ii dna topoisomerases, inhibited strongly rna synthesis in vitro by asf virus particles. this suggests that transcription of asf virus dna requires a dna topoisomerase.19836625887
effector mechanisms in the pig. antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis of african swine fever virus infected cells.antibody dependent cellular cytolysis (adcc) against african swine fever virus infected nucleated cells was investigated in a porcine system. of the peripheral blood components examined, only neutrophils acted as effectors. lymph node derived cells displayed no adcc activity. in vitro yield reduction assays suggested that neutrophil mediated adcc may play a role in recovery from african swine fever virus infection.19836622849
investigation of porcine natural-killer cell activity with reference to african swine-fever virus infection.the natural killing of the human myeloid leukaemia cell line by pig mononuclear cells was investigated in an 18 hr assay; the most active natural-killer (nk) effectors were those cells not adhering to nylon-wool columns or rosetting with sheep red blood cells. mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of african swine-fever virus maintained nk activity. pigs infected with african swine-fever virus exhibited a suppressed nk activity, possibly due to the sensitivity of nk cells to increased tempe ...19836575959
[hyperlipidemia in swine immunized with lapinized vaccine and live swine plague virus].the purpose of the studies was to show the relationships between secondary hyperlipaemia and post-vaccination nephritis induced by lapinized vaccine with additional infection with the living virus of pig plague and the virus itself. ct, cf, lt, ffa and lp fractions were studied in the serum of blood taken from the vena cava cranialis from piglets weighing 30 - 40 kg, of the large white breed. in the animals of group 1, in the initial series a, series b - immunized with lapinized vaccine, series ...19846537493
detection of antibodies against swine fever virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). 19846524576
quantitative aspects of the transmission of african swine fever.the contagiousness of pigs during different stages of infection with african swine fever virus was assessed by measuring the amount of virus excreted and the amounts of virus in the blood and other tissues, as well as determining the infectious dose of the virus by various routes. the virus was present in substantial amounts in secretions and excretions of acutely infected pigs for only 7 to 10 days after the onset of fever and was present in the greatest amount in the feces. virus persisted in ...19846476567
persistent hog cholera infection detected during virulence typing of 135 field isolates.during the hog cholera (hc) eradication program in the united states, 135 field isolates were characterized by inoculation into specific-pathogen-free pigs. this gave origin to the classification of 61 (45%) as high virulent, 37 (27%) as low virulent, 29 (22%) as avirulent or immunizing, and 8 (6%) as capable of causing persistent infection. the persistent infections caused by the eight isolates were of long durtion, lasting in one instance to 152 days. the persistently infected pigs remained re ...19806449165
coagulation changes in african swine fever virus infection.pigs were infected with highly virulent (tengani '62), with moderately virulent (dr '79) african swine fever (asf) virus, or with virulent hog cholera (hc) virus. changes in platelet counts, selected coagulation assays and concentrations of factor viii-related antigen (viiir:ag) were monitored. permeability of aortic endothelium was studied after the injection of evan's blue dye on various days after infection with dr '79 asf virus. virulent asf virus caused prolongation of the activated partial ...19846441489
proteins specified by african swine fever virus. iv. glycoproteins and phosphoproteins.african swine fever virus infected ms cells labeled with radioactive 14c-amino acids, 32pi or [3h]-glucosamine were examined by high resolution sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed 43 infected cell polypeptides. twenty-one of these proteins were present in the nuclear fraction of infected cells. at least 22 of the infected cell polypeptides induced antibodies during natural infections in swine. the pattern of infected cell polypeptides modified by incorporation of ...19836416226
porcine leukocyte cellular subsets sensitive to african swine fever virus in vitro.african swine fever virus infected most, if not all, of the macrophages (monocytes) and ca. 4% of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes from porcine peripheral blood. b and t lymphocytes, either resting or stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, or pokeweed mitogen, were not susceptible to the virus. all of the mitogens used inhibited african swine fever multiplication in susceptible cells. the number of virus passages in vitro and the virulence degree of the virus did not affect the ...19846384555
the neutralizing peroxidase-linked assay for detection of antibody against swine fever virus.the neutralizing peroxidase-linked antibody ( npla ) assay was standardized and compared with the micro-plaque reduction test (prt) on series of sera from pigs infected with different strains of swine fever virus (sfv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), swine fever reference sera and field sera. the npla system was found to be as sensitive as the prt, it detected sfv antibody in 17 out of 18 pigs 3 weeks after intranasal exposure and differentiated between antibody against sfv and bvdv. wi ...19846375112
[enhancement of the immune response by aspecific action of vaccine additives in the aerogenic immunization of swine against swine plague]. 19836362602
properties of hog cholera viruses recently isolated in japan.hog cholera (hc) viruses newly isolated in japan in 1980 and 1981 were examined for pathogenicity and serological properties by the neutralization test with antisera against bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd . md) and hc viruses. five of 23 isolates examined were neutralized poorly by bvd . md antibody, but well by hc antibody. on the contrary, 15 isolates were neutralized readily and two isolates moderately by bvd . md antibody. the other one reacted poorly with either hc or bvd . md a ...19836330573
terminal and internal inverted repetitions in african swine fever virus dna.an electron microscopic analysis of the heteroduplexes formed by reannealing denatured terminal restriction fragments of african swine fever (asf) virus dna showed y-shaped molecules with a 2.1-kilobase-pair-long double-stranded tail and two single-stranded arms. this indicated that asf virus dna has terminal inverted repetitions with a length of 2.1 kbp. in addition, under less restrictive hybridization conditions, most of the heteroduplexes showed a 0.13 kbp-long internal double-stranded regio ...19846324453
restriction site map of african swine fever virus dna.treatment of african swine fever virus dna (about 170 kbp) with the restriction endonucleases sali, ecori, kpni, pvui, and smai yielded 14, 31, 17, 13, and 11 fragments, respectively. the order of the restriction fragments produced by each nuclease was established by identifying the crosslinked ecori and sali terminal fragments and then finding overlapping fragments. the five restriction fragment maps were integrated into a single map by locating sali, kpni, pvui, and smai sites in cloned ecori ...19846324452
molecular cloning of african swine fever virus dna.african swine fever virus dna (about 170 kbp) was cleaved with the restriction endonuclease ecori and most of the resulting 31 fragments were cloned in either the phage vector lambda wes lambda b or the plasmid pbr325. three fragments were not cloned in those vectors, the largest fragment ecori-a (21.2 kbp) and the two crosslinked terminal fragments, ecori-k' and d'. endonuclease sali cut fragment ecori-a into three pieces which were cloned in plasmid pbr322. the two terminal ecori fragments wer ...19846324451
congenital infections with nonarbo togaviruses.the present review deals with the similarities and differences of selected aspects of prenatal pestivirus infections of domestic animals and congenital rubella of man. hog cholera virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and border disease virus are antigenically closely related, but unrelated to rubella virus. the nonarbo togaviruses are capable of producing congenital infections resulting in a wide spectrum of abnormalities. the infected foetus can die in utero, in the neonatal period, or it may be ...19836314636
african swine fever virus. brief review. 19836307224
african swine fever virus dna: restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of wild-type, vero cell-adapted and plaque-purified virus.dna from african swine fever (asf) virus was isolated and was characterized by two restriction enzymes, smai and ecori. although both enzymes can distinguish vero cell-adapted asf isolates by characteristic restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns, all asf isolates examined exhibited a high degree of similarity, as measured by co-migration of most of the dna fragments. the molecular weight of asf dna, based on size estimates of dna fragments from cleavage patterns, ranged from 93 x 10(6) to 10 ...19826296285
hog cholera antibodies in pigs vaccinated with an aujeszky-vaccine based on antigen produced in ib-rs-2 cells. 19816283854
nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activities in african swine fever virus.african swine fever virus contains nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity which releases 32p phosphate from gamma-32p atp at a rate of about 1 mumol/h mg of virus protein. the hydrolase activity is slightly stimulated by adding nucleic acids to the reaction mixture and under conditions of rna synthesis. a study of the rate of atp hydrolysis at different concentrations of atp suggests the existence of two phosphohydrolase activities with apparent km values of about 0.04 and 1 mm.19816271106
differences in reaction behaviour of structural polypeptides of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) with antisera against bvdv and hog cholera virus (hcv). 19816269332
detection of antibodies against hog cholera virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus in porcine serum. a comparative examination using cf, pla and npla assays. 19816266240
analysis of soluble bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigens and serological relationship to virus structural glycoproteins. 19806261488
possible factors influencing the immunoglobulin g concentration in swine colostrum.the immunoglobulin (ig) g concentration in swine colostrum was determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method, using 157 samples collected from farm-raised sows in the yamaguchi prefecture of japan during 1976 and 1977. the mean igg value was 53.03 mg/ml, and the maximum and minimum values were 101.39 mg/ml and 11.74 mg/ml, respectively. the amount of igg varied greatly among sows. to clarify the possible factors influencing the amount of igg in colostrum, the following items were survey ...19806254410
[use and effectiveness of live vaccines in industrialized livestock production].there is an inseparable correlation between higher livestock performance and animal health with many visible repercussions in terms of further intensification of livestock farming. this is the background against which immunobiological action is defined as a major element of all efforts which are undertaken for the purpose of ensuring high-stability and high-continuity and no-problem production. underlined in this paper is the great role played by legal provisions for immunisation concepts as wel ...19806251768
effect of african swine fever on lymphocyte mitogenesis.the effect of african swine fever virus replication on t and b lymphocytes was studied by mitogen-driven assays. live attenuated isolates caused a marked suppressive effect which was dose- and time-dependent. this effect appeared to be mediated through a monokine. live virulent isolates enhanced lymphocyte mitogenesis in most cases, with increased [3h]-thymidine uptake by t cells and increased ig secretion by b cells. killed preparation had no effect. these results are discussed in the light of ...19826210625
new method of antibody detection by indirect immunoperoxidase plaque staining for serodiagnosis of african swine fever.an indirect immunoperoxidase plaque-staining method was developed for detecting antibody to african swine fever virus infection. in both sensitivity and specificity, the test was comparable to indirect immunofluorescence. because it has all of the desirable features of the indirect immunofluorescence test and may also be readily used for testing large numbers of sera, the indirect immunoperoxidase plaque-staining method can be used as a single and final serodiagnostic test in a large-scale surve ...19826185528
leukocyte-dependent platelet vasoactive amine release and immune complex deposition in african swine fever.fifteen pigs were inoculated with african swine fever virus in a study of the pathogenesis of the disease. all pigs surviving the first two weeks developed high circulating antibody titers against african swine fever virus and persistent viremia. hemolytic complement levels declined to 50 to 70 hemolytic complement 50 (ch50) units/ml from mean preinoculation levels of 120 ch50 units/ml. immune deposits consisting of african swine fever antigen, host immunoglobulin g, and native c3 were found in ...19816170156
polyadenylation, methylation, and capping of the rna synthesized in vitro by african swine fever virus. 19816168100
african swine fever virus antibody not found in aids patients. 19836133121
could aids agent be a new variant of african swine fever virus? 19836132234
cytotoxic lymphocytes induced by african swine fever infection.the generation of lymphocytes cytotoxic to african swine fever virus infected testis cells during in vivo infection is described. peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 pigs developed cytotoxicity seven to eight days after infection but the lysis was not restricted to autologous cells.19846095388
antiviral action of 5-amino-2-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl)benzo-[de]-isoquinolin-1,3-dion e.a newly synthesized imide derivative of 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic acid, 5-amino-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)benzo-[de]-isoquinolin-1,3-dione (designated m-fa-142), was tested on chick embryo cells against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and vaccinia virus (vv), and on vero cells against african swine fever virus (asfv). at a concentration of 4 micrograms/ml the drug inhibited vv replication by about one order of magnitude, and that of hsv-1 by about three orders of magnitude. a minor effect was sho ...19846091540
swine diseases transmissible with artificial insemination.the transport of fresh and frozen semen to be used for artificial insemination creates a mode of disease transmission between farms. normally, semen contains a number of nonpathogenic bacterial contaminants; however, excessive bacterial contamination can result in infertile matings. contamination with a known pathogen, eg, brucella suis, could initiate a serious outbreak of disease in a recipient herd. methods to minimize bacterial contamination of semen include sanitary collecting and processin ...19846090372
[studies on the problem of diaplacental transmission of hog cholera virus from immunized saws living in an environment susceptible to infection to their offspring]. 19666006822
chromosomal variations in a pig kidney cell line persistently infected with hog cholera virus. 19665961412
electron microscopy of african swine fever virus hemadsorption. 19665949565
extraction of infectious deoxyribonucleic acid from african swine fever virus. 19665928803
increased sensitivity of the end (exaltation of newcastle disease virus) test for hog cholera virus. 19655894731
the effect of stressor viruses on pigs inoculated with attenuated african swine fever virus. 19655892232
circulating interferon production in pigs infected with hog cholera virus. 19655863379
porcine kidney cell line persistently contaminated with avirulent swine fever virus. 19695816816
attenuation of hog cholera virus carried by a pig kidney cell line: further comparison of virulence of the virus obtained at different stages of cell cultivation. 19695815923
african swine fever virus in ticks (ornithodoros moubata, murray) collected from animal burrows in tanzania. 19695813153
effect of hydroxyurea on the development of african swine fever virus. 19695776172
a modified hemadsorption-inhibition test for african swine fever virus. 19685693874
studies with hinde attenuated african swine fever virus. 19685693643
hog cholera: safety and protection studies with photodynamically inactivated hog cholera virus. 19685691744
hog cholera: replication of hog cholera virus in tissue culture with cytopathic effect. 19685691742
plaque formation by african swine fever virus. 19685691283
the bovine mucosal disease-swine fever virus complex in pigs. 19685689999
[neutralizing antibodies in swine following the experimental infection with hog cholera virus]. 19675633607
[attenuation of hog cholera virus in a tissue culture]. 19675629862
the stability of african swine fever virus with particular reference to heat and ph inactivation. 19675628715
[critical observations on the diagnostic usefulness of the end-method for in vitro detection of the hog cholera virus]. 19675628596
[isolation of three kinds of viruses (hog cholera, adenovirus, picodnavirus) in a strain of hog cholera virus designated as cytopathogenic]. 19675628591
the morphological characteristics of african swine fever virus and its resemblance to tipula iridescent virus. 19675628255
[characters of swine fever virus in vitro]. 19675628221
electron optical and buoyant density studies of hog cholera virus. 19675599736
[action of prednisolone on two lapinized hog cholera virus strains]. 19715580357
a mutant of hog cholera virus in the virus-carrier cell cultivated at a lower temperature. 19715565404
effects of oxyamylose and polyacrylic acid on foot-and-mouth disease and hog cholera virus infections. 19715544281
hog cholera virus infection in tracheal organ cultures. 19705533701
transovarial infection with african swine fever virus in the argasid tick, ornithodoros moubata porcinus, walton. 19705532269
deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured porcine kidney cells infected with hog cholera virus. 19705528340
altered thymidine kinase activity in culture cells inoculated with african swine fever virus. 19705528337
experimental infection of the argasid tick, ornithodoros moubata porcinus, with african swine fever virus. 19705475061
size determination of hog cholera virus by means of gamma rays inactivation. 19705466128
[effect of "rovac" lapinized swine fever virus on animals infected or immunized with swine erysipelas bacteria]. 19695393339
[growing hog cholera virus in a culture of lamb testicle cells]. 19695392271
epizootiology of african swine fever virus in warthogs. 19695386390
lesions in swine inoculated with attenuated hog cholera viruses. 19695346593
identification and localization of genetic material of african swine fever virus by autoradiography. 19675341983
role of interferon in enhanced replication of newcastle disease virus in swine cells infected with hog cholera virus. 19695307404
the excretion of two virulent strains of african swine fever virus by domestic pigs.daily observations were made on the excretion of african swine fever (asf) virus by pigs infected intranasally or by contact. two strains of virus having mean death times of approximately 3 and 6 days were used, the latter being recently isolated from a warthog.first excretion usually occurred by the nasopharyngeal route, as early as 1 or 2 days before the onset of fever in many cases. the titres of pharyngeal and nasal swabs rose rapidly to reach mean levels of about 10(4)-10(5) had 50 at 48-72 ...19705276336
host response to persistent infection with hog cholera virus. 19685257468
characterization of hog cholera virus by electron microscopy. 19675257326
the growth of a virulent strain of african swine fever virus in domestic pigs. 19685239770
inactivation of hog cholera virus in blood and excreta with chemical disinfectants. 19645217517
[studies of the properties of cold induced classical swine fever virus mutants. application to vaccination]. 19715170509
inhibition by rifampin of african swine fever virus replication in tissue culture.vaccinia virus and african swine fever virus are deoxyribonucleic acid viruses of cytoplasmic origin. the fact that rifampin inhibits the replication of the former virus led to an investigation of its effect on african swine fever virus. the virus used was cytopathogenic to a pk-15 cell line, hemadsorbing in pig leukocyte cultures and lethal to pigs. rifampin clearly inhibited the multiplication and cytopathogenicity of the virus in pk-15 cells. there was a 1- to 5-log reduction in virus titer d ...19715154875
[use of modified live swine fever virus, prepared on tissue culture, for vaccination]. 19715154371
blood constituent changes associated with hog cholera virus infection of swine. 19715115537
antigenic differences in two hog cholera virus strains. 19715115536
enhancement of rubella virus replication in swine testicle cells by co-infection with hog cholera virus. 19715003257
mechanism of enhancement of newcastle disease virus growth in cultured cells by co-infecting hog cholera virus. 19715000803
serological behaviour of isolated african swine fever virus. brief report. 19704992470
[study with electron microscope of classical hog cholera virus in ultra-thin sections of cells infected in vitro]. 19704989920
ultrastructure of lymphocystis virus.lymphocystis virus obtained from bluegills (lepomis macrochirus) was cultured in the permanent bluegill cell line bf-2 and examined by electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of cell cultures and in negative-contrast preparations from cells and from centrifuged culture medium. according to negative-contrast preparations, the icosahedral virions have an overall diameter close to but not exceeding 300 mmu. delicate filaments seem to issue from the vertices. in collapsed virions, an ordered array ...19684986903
immunofluorescent investigations on the swine fever virus. 19694985424
replication of hog cholera virus in cell culture. 19694980998
purification and some physical properties of hog cholera virus. 19694977316
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